September 1, 1885 (4 pages)

ables, ars, & y Fruits IN. Yo 4 1 NTHAL, a lor at Law. ESTATE AND. + oe Manufac3ROADCASSIwhich will ing: Suits ODS. eriority of t Scottish ir fineness be match-. it the minthe colors ig and pa. beats the customers vad Street, lley. >tt. t of s Fine Sack ean-accom: . ou can sent { % “ fe PUBLISHED ‘ . Daily, Mondays Excepted. SS THE FAIR, Opeaing Address by Hon, A. A. _; sargent—First Nightatthe Pavilion. The formal operiing of the Sev+ gnteenth Agricultural District Fair * took place at this city last evening, An immense throng of peo~ ple congregated in the Theatre to tisten to the address ‘of Ex-Sena. tor A. A. Sargent. The Directors . and officers of the Association, the members of the Pavilion Committee and a number of citizens occupied seats on thé stage. After “° Goyne’s Band had played a selec“tion, President. Walrath . madeé “ gome brief ‘and appropriate re‘ fnarks, congratulating the people . 6f the District upon-the favorable *“@nancial condition of the Associ» gtion and the brilliant prospects *. fer the success of .the first annual @xposition, The band played an‘ éther selection #nd then the Pres““jdent introduced the speaker of “the evening who was received with great enthusiasm and delivered the following splendid address. MR. ‘SARGENT’S SPEECH. . Faentow: Citizens: I congratulate you upon this auspicious opening, at the Queen city of the moun: tains, of the Agricultural Fair of the 17th District. The evidences gll around us of energy and enter. prise are characteristic of this community and of the 17th District, _ while the success that has crowned your efforts must. be gratifying » to you, a8 it isto your visitors on this occasion. For over thirty. five years Nevada has been a leading centre of thought and action in this State. ‘Seated in this hol. Tow, scouped out by nature among . the surrounding hills, which rise ‘ amphitheatre-like all around it, -with beautiful regularity, like the walls of the Roman Coliseum, re‘mote from tide water,and for man years of its history, having difficult communication with ‘ the exterior, it has always madeits mark _ upon the current thought of the State, and had peculiar: influence --in'shaping public policies. While . its song -haye held many proud . and influential positions in State and Nation, its citizens have been ‘ noted as sympathising with all Leoragente and beneficial aims, and, n ready’ with intelligent opinions and decisive action. It is always a pleasure for the wandering sons of Nevada to revisit their old home; and they are found in all parts of the State, leaders in enterprise and society. The greatest boon Nevada has conferred on the State has been the gift of its citizens, trained here at young men, and sent out to build up the enterprises of other communities. But Nevada is stil. rich in this regard, as is evidenced to-day by its air of comfort ana prosperity, and the grand succesattending this novel enterprise. But Iam here on this occasion not to praise you, or merely to give expression to the pride felt by our truants in their old home. mo numbers of them woula glady be with ‘us to-day, were it possible ;. for there is something io this balmy air of the foothills, something invigorating and health. giving, that may be vainly sough away from California, ‘and unsur; passed in our State. The splendi:: skies of Italy.are poisoned with the cast off;.decaying cuticle of count less generations Southern France and Spain writhe in. the grasp 0: the: pestilence fiend. ~The long, dark winters of northern. Europe ‘cause one to sigh for the brisk, crisp, fleeting winters of these foot-. hills. In our sister States of the west the tornado tramples down life and property, and:this terrible instrumentality has lately demonstrated its power. in two. populou< Atiantic. cities.» Itis here, in this healthful, bright spot, ‘productive as Eden of the most luscious fruits; where malaria has never yet stulen inon the midnight-air; where the children are as chubby as cupids, andthe maidens as. ftesh as. the _duwn;. where manhood is full oi vigor.and womanhood of intelligemee, a ~eivilization and stable community may be expected. : Nevada and Placer counties have been more closely linked together since their. origin, and are now more assimilated in. feeling than either has ever been or now is with any other county. They were for a long time united in the same judicial district ; their: pursuits are identical, in. mining and agriculture ; their soil, climate and altitude are the same. It was a wise.act of the Legislature to unite them in one District, and I welcome the people of Placer to this gathering, promising: reciprocity whenever the time may come for dt. ° But the-scenes around us can ‘but peng my mind the old days of Nev: ow different in al -jits aspects was the Nevada of the first ten years of itsexistence from that which it presents to-day. It is thirty-five years, ahd a little more, since Nevada received its present name. A meeting of resqidents on the 4th of July, 1850, at Bl&ckman’s store, that stood near the present junction of Main and Commercial streets selected for the fast populating city the beautitul name it hassince borne. A State in the Union afterwards adopted that name. In September of that year I first saw the rude shanties ‘that lined its rudimentary. streets ; ’ the log cabins on all the illsides ; the busy town of Coyoteville, with . its thousands of denizens in t envinons; where scarcely a trace of habitation is now to be found; the dense throng that filled these: streets, hurrying, jostling,yet good natured; the os caitving open‘doored gambling saloons at the &.) foot of Main street, where gam: ‘pling ran high or low according to Pen eon le Ally a. MR eG Se _{ the temper of the customer ; wher a shovel cost an ounce, and meat, tough enough for leather belting, cost half a dollar a pound, and soap was among the luxuries, and nothing was plentiful but whisky, not even women, who were: scarcest of all. It was a town ot men, and on the whole of orderly men. Yet we had our exhibition of lynch law, but one such, I believe; for there was comparatively little of the recklessness of the southern mines, as portrayed by Brette Hart; and Nevada, with all of its bustle and primitiveness, was far from beinga Roaring Camp. _How. very few are left of the old pioneers!They have scattered to every part of the Stute—to every region of the globe. I have met them almost everywhere; in this State, in the East and in Europe. Many more have passed the dark river; and the few who remain are old or in mature manhood. Yet: the memories of those former denizens of these'streets have not ali faded out. A crowd of them rise up to my mind’s eye, ‘and’ their names are-notunfamiliar to-you: Among the lawyers who practicea at the barin the'rude days, whe can. forget, Stanton Buckner, ‘most amiable if most tedious of men ; and James Churchman, a man oi yenius, with some of the faults o. genius; and John R. McCoanell, with his uncouth pupil, W. M. Stewart, both men of remarkable ability ; and Ellis, who nobly bore 4 manly part in the coming days; and Lorenzo Sawyer, since eminent as. a judge, if not locally loved for hig judgments; and bluff old Frank J. Dunn, and unfortunate Henry Meredith, done to death in in Indian raid; and Niles Searls and. Dave. Belden, and T. B. McFarland, who still live to dc the State service; and in the lis: of merchants there was royal Dick Uglesby, since General, Senator and Governor, then young, like California ; and among the miner: who delved. in the ravines was John P. Jones, serving now’ his third term in the U. 38. Senate, and here also was John B. Hager, who also became a Senator. Fou men men serving together in the U. 8. Senate, had. been resident» of Nevada at the same time in the fifties. I could allude to J. N. furner and his excellent family, who were residents here in 1850, and kept the Nevada Hotel; to Warmack and Gregory; who envertained travelers; to the old Nevada Journal, and later Nevada Democrat, the ghosts of expired journalism; and that reminds me of W. B. Ewer and Tallman H. Rolfe, pioneer journalists; and worthy old John Dunn comes. to mind, with James Whartenby, Dr. Knox and Geo. W. Kidd, who trained the water on these hills and sold it almost as dear as whisky, and fought long legal battles, to the betterment of lawyers, with Amos T. Laird for priority of water rights. Parson Warren’s ser‘vice of his church is not to be forgotten, nor the militant preacher, sland, nor many others. * Barly in the fities the neighboring town of Grass Valley, with 3uch men as the Watts to help, grew to importance from its quartz djiscoveries, and has ever since geen a principal and thriving seat of that industry. Nevada was aot to be outdone, and so T. W. Jolburn, and other ardent souls, ypened the Bunker Hill mine on Deer Creek, erected a roasting furiace, and put a pan underneath tu satch the dripping gold, which never dripped. When I Jeft here ifteen years ago to enter upon re aewéd service in Congress, there we ree or four quartz mines in ihis vicinity ,-of more or less doubtdul value. Now there are thirty worked to one then, some most ex sellent; and this ‘industry gives « oromise here, as well as presen. returns, unequaled in any. othe: yart of the State. This development is not confinsd to this special neighborhood, Nashington township is redeem .ng an early promise in this, re gard Eureka townsnip mines yeems inviting,’ Grass Valley seeps its repute and some quart: vp-rations in Placer county have aot been. without reward. “Then fruit raising can ; not be detter. prosecuted anywhere: in che State than in this district. fruit freights east will come dowu undoubtedly with increased busi'aess. Nevada and Placer countie« can raise feait unexcelléd in. the world, and the :.arket east is in-, axhaustible for the best kinds. Jut of these elements, with incidental: Oy: ts. can these commenities be maintained? L is thé Serious question of the. hour. There are causes which have checked” the “prosperity of “‘thiese vounties and measurably of this city, and which may perhaps have continued operation. It is. better to look: such things in the face ; to meet them manfully, rather: than’ tobe. self-deceived. The. bountiful hand of Providence has scattered in parts of these counties wealth beyond the desires of avarice, if it could be. secured. Uniortunately there is but one method known toman or likely tobe invented by which these treasure, chumbers can .be unlocked, “and ‘that method works inconvenience and loss to. the valleys. So the 1} courts have decided, and that the hydraulic miner has no right to use his own to the injary of others fhe ultimate effect of the decree isthat thousands of millions oi dollars worth of gold shall lie serviceless under the hills, and all the great expenditures made. to create agencies to ,extract this gold shall be lost. 4 From a miners’ point of view this not only ‘involves -a great hardship, but is. the. disappointment of a. reasonable hope. ‘Lhe government, as the owner of the mines, acquiesced for a generation in the occppation and working _of the mines, and knew that its citzens were expending hundreds of he . millions of dollars in ‘labor and capital in ning the mines and ixpotiting costly machinery. It went tacther by its legislation even before the sale of the mines, by exempting mineral land from re-emption and sale, by collecting a yearly license for working by making the rules, regulations and customs of miners the.rule of decision in its courts. Under this policy, the miner never considered himself as a trespasser on the public domain, und never liable to blame fof working his claim, arid such was never the opinion of the general government, or of any one else. Aiter a generation of this policy the government finally sold che mineral lands. to miners, requiring proof in evéry case, not only that the land” was mineral land, but that it was actually used as such ; and forbidding the oceupancy of such land without purchase, unless actually and regularly mined. Thereupon the miners paid their myuney. to the gov ernment for their claims, made still more systematic improvements and erected and embelfished homes in the vicinity of their mines. ‘Thriving. towns sprung up; schools flourished ; the church veul called to prayer, .and all the voncomitants of civilization’ atvended as handmaidens, upon an aonored and. intelligent industry. To the miner there appeared no reason in the clamor suddeniy caised against his operations, anu chere seemed a deep injustice. in che gradually tightening orders 0: the courts, which operated like a aarsh break on every wheel of his industry. The great dams and the’ tong lines of ditches stretching irom the fastnesses of the Sierras, ‘dug and flumed. along rugged hil: sides at vust expense, extending irom town to town, suddenly _became useless. The toilsomely excavated tunnels penetrating the oowels of the earth, once resonous with the sound of rushing water, vecame mute. The thriving little villages put on an airof desolation. 3chools were “closed “up, ‘Lhe sabbath gatherings no longer assembled at the sound o1 che chureh beil, for the the worshippers must leave or starve. ‘Ihe scale of taxable propsrty, as.shown by the assessor’s oooks descended by the miliion yearly. A friend who called on me the other evening at San ¢yrancisco told me that he and: his wife had accumulated ina town in this county, by years of saving some ten thousand dollars, which was all invested in town property ; chat the day before the Circuit Jourt decision he could have sold it for that price, and the day after ae could not have sold it, and sould not sell it now, for $100. He aas moved with his family to another county. These facts which are too familiar to you cannot be ind are not realized elsewhere. [i shey were it seems to me there would sometimes be a, regret expressed at the necessity for the sessation of an industry which aas nourished an important part oi the state, and less tendency to confound the conception of a miner with that of a roadagent., By the sollective mining industry one or cwo million dollars in gold in a nonth was for a great many years poured into the trade channels ol ibe state, San Francisco being she principal gainer. If miners uave been engaged for years in a aefarious business certainly those who have reaped the principal yenefit ought to be chary of reproaches. A foundry’in Marysville is the chief man factory oi aydraulic: monitors in. this State. Vhile you feel the reproaches -eaped: upon mining and miner, x0 suddenly changed trom the praised and petted industries 0 vhe State into law-defying, unconssionable destroyers of its prosper ty, .you. may perhaps patiently sxamine the causes of complaint »£ those of your adversaries who speak from a point of personal inverest. The complaintsof the men whose farms are covered with taillags are worthy of considerate treatment. If the remedy they nave pursued has destroyed minag, they. have apparently not yeén actuated by a wish to detroy it from malicious motives, yut to save themselves. If they aave thereby destroyed their own narkets in the mountains, it is cael [os8as well as yours. If have viten heard a regret expressed oy the miters that their operations .ajured taose of the vallies on the uargins0. the streims, aad it'must ye conceded that any daniage vaused by mining was involuntary und hotmaficious. '-It) was a maisiortune growing out-of the uature vi things. Butthe miiners argued uw fellows: . ‘‘ We have been tor a sreat Many years engaged in. this susiness with the approval of the government and ali the people oi State. We have made enormous investments. which,will be a total loss if it. is stopped. Wearethe best customars of the communities below, ineluding those complaining, because we. produce -only gold and are general consumers. Wehave pdught our lands in’ good faith to mine. Theagriculturists have taken up lands since ours ‘were taken up on the spots where by prescriptions we had a right to’ ee our tailings.” We are enriching the State if not ourselves. The world is full-of. agricultural Jand,., while gold mining lands are scarce, and there are none in the world 80 valuable ‘as these which would be condemned to inactivity.’? By such considerations and others'the mi‘ners were influenced to believe that they had both right and expediency on their side, andthat the courts must recognize it, But the miners never did feel a class hostility to the valleys, or anytaing but decent regret.that any, injuries should result.to the farm-° ers. The farmers’side of the . questidn is, that hydraulic miners cast masses of earth into the streams, whieh flows with the current, and ‘covers ‘up their fields, destroys their crops and-the present fértility of the soil;.and_ they believe. théy have a right, on just. legal principles, to have an agency .arrested which eanses them’ such loss. They also appeal to general interests to gain the ear of the State and say that not only isa broad fringe of lands along the streams victimized by. ‘‘slickins’’ but the navigable-waters of the them, by levying a° royalty om the 1 State are. being filled up; the bed ofthe Sacramento river is being in \-our énterprises . ‘a time suffer. These are: 1 vetable premises for their complaints, and must be considered in judging the situation. The courts take them into consideration in. arriying at their. conclusions,.and find them true. The hydranlic miner has undoubtedly contributed to these evils. It would be disingenious to deny it, and nothing would be ga‘ned by the denial. Yet it. will not do to overlook other obvious ¢ iuses,certainly deleterious in their effects. The whole Sacramento valley-is an evidence, as are all valleys, of the erdsive power of water acting on mountain ranges,and every harbor in the world, every place of deposit of running waters, irom the mouths of thé Nile to the bar of the Columbia or the St. John, testifies clearly to che same effect. The loam—the debris from centuries. of. washings. of _ winter storms. is a thousand yards deep in the Sacramento valleys. . These great operations would have gone on forever, or until the mountains }and_ plains, were.one, _had—man ‘never seen this State. As the: plains fill the beds of: rivers rise. the process has been greatly acvelerated by an.hurdred other causes’ besides mining. Every acre of land plowed-in_the mountain valleys, every road-built, every cellar.or post hole dug, loosens the soil, ready to be: runinto thé streams and load them with slickens. The cutting of timber from the high Sierras has probably done more mischief, and will continue to do so, than ary other agency. fhe ground on the steep mountains being once bared of trees, every depression becomes 1n_winter w water course; the whole volume of water rushes at once to the plains, carrying earth, pebbles and sand in its course. Forests retard the flow of water. The stems of trees and underwood, the trunks, stumps and {roots of fallen trees, and the numerous inequalities.of ground observed in all forests, all act as dams to water. Where the earth is denuded of trees the sun and frost pulverise the earth and rocks, and prepare them to be swept down into the lowlands. -George .P. Marsh, in his ‘Earth as Modified by Human Action,” after describing the great fertility of the territory of the Roman empire, says + “Tf we compare the present physical condition of the countries of which { am speaking, with the descriptions that ancient historians and geographers have given of their fertility and general capability of ministering to human uses, we shall find that more than one half of their whole extent—not ineluding the provinces most celebrated. for the profusion and variety of their spontaneous products, and for the wealth and social advancement of their inhabitants, is either deserted by civilized man, and surrendered to hopeless desolation, or at least greatly reduced in productiveness and population. Vast forests~ have disappeared from mountain spurs and ridges, the vegetable earth accumulated beneath the trees, by the decay of leaves and fallen trunks, the soil of the Alpine pastures, which skirted and indented the woods, and the mould of the ulland fields, are washed away. Meadows once fertilized by irrigation are waste and unproductive, because the cisterns and reseryvoirs which supplied the ancient canals are broken, or the springs that fed them are dried up. Rivers jamous in history and song have sunk to humble brooklets. The willows that ornamented and protercourses are gone, and the rivulets bave ceased to exist as perennial currents, because the little water that finds its way into the ancient channels is evaporated by the droughts of summer, or absorbed by the parched earth beiore-it reaches the lowlands. The beds of the brooks have widened into broad expanses of pebbles and gravel, over which, though passed in the hot season dry shod,in winter sea-rlike torrents thunder.— fhe entrances of narrow streams ira obstracted“by sand bars;and aarbors, onGe mart: of an extengive commerce, afe shoaled by the deposits-of rivers at whose mouths they lie. The elevation of the beds of estuaries, and the: consequently diminished velovity and increased tateral ‘spread of the -streams which flow into them, have conyerted thousands of leagues olf shallow bea and fertile lowands into unproductive and miasmatic morasses.’’ a) The auther finds several causes concurring to turn the fairest and most fertile regions into the barrenest deserts; but~the principal cause to be the depletion of mountains of theirforest covering. The lesson should be learned by heart, and have its effect gn our national and State legislation. Hydraulic mining is held responsible for all consequences of floods, of alfdeposits in rivers, of all shallowin of harbors. Yet those who woul avert these’ results must look beyond mining unless. all science 1s at fault,. I do not urge these considerations as a ple for mining. That would be useléss: But I ask thouglitful’ men to estimate the consequences” of the destruction of the a —— ga to supply the-valleys as well 46 the foothills with-jumber. ~.Says Marsh : “When the ‘forest is gone,’ the great reservoir of moisture stored up.in its vegetable mould is evaporated,. and returns only \in deluges of-rain to wash away the parched, dust -into which the mold has been converted! The well. . wooded and humid hills are turned into ridges of dry rock, which encumbers the low. ground’ -and ‘chokes the water courses with its debris; and except in countries favored with an equitable distribution of rain through the season, and a moderateand regular inclination of surface, the whole earth, unless rescued by human art which it tends,becomes #n assemes bald’mountains, of barren tu maluarious plains. There are parts . of Asia Minor, of Northern Africa, BGA and Sali Brandiseo. Bay] of Greece, and tected the banks of the lesser wa-_ from the physical “degredation to. jess-hills, and-of swampy and. évén' of Alpine Eu-~ rope, where the operation of causes set in action. by man. has brought the face of the earth toa desolation almost as complete a8 that of the space of what we call the historic perione they are known to haye n covered with luxuriant woods, verdant pastures, and fer‘tile meadows, they are now too far deteriorated to be reclaimed by man; nor can they become again fitted for human — use, except through great geviogical changes, or other mysterious influences or agencies, of which we have no present knowledge, and over which we have no prospective control:”’ ; I will not pursue this branch. of the subject further; lest I-weary you; butit is worthy the attention of all who are solicitous about the filling up of our rivers that there are great causes at work to effect that result, even though hydraulic mining is stopped, and quite independent of that pursuit, ‘All rivers heading in abrupt mouatains must fill: up; especially if ‘those mountains are wooded;-andare being denuded of timber; and even in the absence of the latter feature. Scientists assure us that all running streams begin with excavating channels for themselves; or deepening the natural depressions in which they flow. But in proportion “as their outlets are raised by the material transported by their currents, their velocity. is diminished ; they deposit gravel and sand at constantly higher,and higher points,.and so at last elevate the beds they had previously scooped out. Then the rivers overflow their banks in time of freshet, and-deposit earthy matter, on the sides,-so-raising the surrounding country; preventing by such elevation’ ‘the morasseg. which would otherwise exist. . . Referring ‘again to: the main question, the» inquiry arises, what is likely to. be:the result of these legal proceedings? — Will hydraulic miners ever be allowed to resume their work? I have given this nmatter ‘much thought, andshould think myself derelict to duty did I:encourage vain expectations. It seems to me that the grounds on which the adverse decisions are made are such that there is. slight prospect. of‘ reversal. Itis better always to look danger square in the face. I feel certain that nothing permanent is gained by furtive evasions of the decrees of Courts.If ever there is a change of policy from that now existing, it will be, because there is a general conviction that itis.a mistake; not because the miners resist. No class of men and no cominunity can successfully resist the law, even if the law were improvident. The first element of public security is obedience to law, and all justinfluences rise up to effect such obedience. The way among a free people to repeal or reverse an obnoxious law is to enforce it. If anything can change the conviction of the State, it will be the want of the gold hoarded in these hills. Ii that want never takes shape so as “to control the subject, the hydrautic miners’ cause is hopeless. It this is so il is the policy of the hydraulic miners to absolutely cease, as they have in great measure, to tap these gold leads; to scrupulously obey the injunctions and let the State know that they are doing so. Itis hard to advise to let these industries lie dormant; to let-the mountain. towns created by hydraulic mining and depending on it, dwindle and perish. The prospect is not encouraging, but what other. resource is there worthy of consideration. It is certainly notin defying the courts, or the adverse opinion of the state, or in moonlight, furtive mining. Pardon me for plain speaking. We are enough friends to deal truthfully with each other. The question comes back to us, inthe absence of hydraulic mining, what is the prospect of this. distriet? You ‘have your quartz ledges, now more explored and more protitable than ever. fhis branch of mining industry has not caused complaints and probably never will. It would be 4 most extraordinary circumstance should it do so. Fortunately it rewards intelligent enterprise. It is not liable to the criticism of wasting the country where it is prosecuted, or incommoding the regions below. But this industry alone will not serves for all resources of a community like this. Can you, as practical yen, turn to other pursuits witlt-a—ehanee of success? Any one who compared the soil and climate of this district-with those of Prussia, for example, and saw in Germany @ population approximating that of the United States, upon an area a readily concede that right here is by comparison a Garden of Eden, and capacities unapproachable. 1 know no part of Prussia where there are so many inducements to cultivate the soil as in thisdistrigt. In that country are dredry wastes of sand and pine barrens, from which inadequate subsistence is painfully-wrung. It is only by long hours of labor and strict economy that the farmer gains his bread; and the workman at any trade is glad of a pittance that would be scorned here. It is true the great population there furnishes a market for. all products, though competition with outside producers makes the compensation small. Hence Bismarck excluded our pork products, and now agitutes for a duty on wheat. A-few generations hence when this State will have some” millions of population, all these hills will be covered with grape vines, and orchards will fill all the valleys. Then manufacturing interests will have grown up, sufficient at least for local ae? But that time is iar distant. The serious question is, how shall the present. population find the means of livelihood? Californians have been accustomed to lavish expenditure out of corresponding gains. It is irksome to come down in ~receipts and expenditures. It seems sordid and pitifal.~ But-it is -necessary, and’ even beneficial. This economy has to be practiced in moon ; and though within the brief }* third larger than California, would . . ‘San Fraticisco aswell as‘ in’ the mountains. “Everywhere there is complaint of dull times; employment is slack and business is poor, A man does not better his condition. who leaves the mountains for the valleys or lower cities. Thatis the testimoay of hundreds who have tried the . experiment. Isay to you mountain men, turn your hand to whatever offers here at home, rather. than . fake forlorn chances abroad. oS: The peculiar climate of this State and the nature! of its agriculture are unfavorable.to steady employment of labor. ‘Pie wheat raiser wants a large force ‘during apartof the year and none the remainder. It is so with the fruit raiser, with the strawberry and hop culturist. Stock lives all winter in the open air, and needs _little attention. No great burns are required to store agricultural products. These -lie safely in the ld until shipped away, The tendency of-all this is to make a tramp of the laborer. I confess I see no remedy for this. It seems ‘to grow out of our. local conditions, which are advantageous” ini many points of view, but certainly not in this. Hence the dwellers in the mountains-are-notgainers by seeking employment in the valleys. Standing one summer evenin at Interlarken in Switzerland an looking towards the. majestic Jungfrau mountain, decked with a mantle of: snowy white, which showed grandly revealed in a wide open gorge that unfolds itself in the foreground, I glanced up the steep hill sides on either hand. Far upthe dizzy height were scattered human habitations, Cattle were feeding here and there, looking like flies. on the acclivities. When a half level spot of a few yards could be found, to hold a little soil, there were signs of patient cultivation. : Passing down the Rhine in one of the swift steamers that ply from Manitz to Cologne, by old custles, some restored and others in. pic# resque ruin, the. scenes alike of medizval revelry and cruelty, the traveller may see the sunny side of the hills stoné terraced to sive every inch of available space. Up the hill sidés men and women have carried soil and fertilizers in ‘baskets on their backs, and planted the vines, which there. ripen then purple fruit on the warm exposure. Every inch of space is precious, and is utilized, the ener’s deck to be very small and irregular, adopting themselves to the various outlines of the mountain’s sides. Sunshine is a cevetcd agent for turning the thin blood of Rhemish grapes into saccharine matter. Wine grapes would not ripen on the off sides of the mountains, or in the valleys, which are employed. in other agricultural uses. In this 17th district there are vast acres entirely unoccupied, as well adapted to wine culture as thes best.in the Rheinish region. Among the artificial wants of the world wine stands foremost. The consumption of wine in Europe. is almost incredible, while the distruction of European vineyards by disease is widespread, in spite of concerted governmental action to prevent it. California will yet be the greatest wine producing country in the world, and the best part of California for wine and raisin grapes is among these very foot hills. I leave to others the . task of ascertaining if a pure articie of wine is injurious as a~ beverage. I only speak of this thing as I find it and asit is likely to be in the future! California wines are gaining reputation for excellence in the Eust, and to some degree in Europe, and deserve still more. One obstacle is the manufacture in New York cellars of spurious imitations, poisonous decoctions, which:are put on the market as, and undersell, the genuine. Such a nefarious trade should be forbidden by heavy penalties. As bearing. upon the capacities of these foothills for development of varied industries, I may remark that I wasable, some two and quality, and yet Switzerland closures appearing from the steam. " erected’ several large wooden ‘pavillions, ~ beautifully simple in adornment. In these were artistically displayed all the product: ions of the loom, the forze, the workshops and factories; the forests and mines and waters of Switzland. tere were silks’ gorgeous as the robes of eastern monachs. The silk product of Switzerland is unexcelled in quantity as no kaowa advantages ‘over this region in raising the worm or its food;or_in manufacturing the fabric. The display of watches was very fine. A locally invented screw making machine was exhibited at work, which seized’ an iron rod and used it up rapidly and mechanically, cutting it into lengths, turning the screw, cutting the head, and dropping. the furnished product constantly into ahopper. It would be endless to} recite all the objects of. interest} in this purely domestic exhibition, showing what an isolated mountain p2ople, with few resources ex~ cept industry and ingenuity, could accomplish. The lesson to my mind is obvious, You have every advantage which Switzerland has; ee ai A ge dur young men ina. many which it has not; and. we in the United States are especially ' blessed that we are not burdened . TO THE: Has DONSOLIDATED T ASSIGNEE SALE The .undersigned; ASSIGNEE of L. H as Switzerland i, in éoramon with a ro ' @ militar tan thax solinntioe il best’ yeore } all“but* name, and op -with.a load of taxation that crushes the'hearts of the people. Gen. Grant said; after his return from a trip around the world, that the chief lesson he had learned from it was. the fact that the Ameri¢an people arethe most circumstanced of any ou My observations ‘abroadule to appreciate the justness: be the lat of thie awe! 3 a0 these mountains, poten By after, is my ferveat wish, "~ At the conclusion of the iiddress the Pavilion was thrown open to the people who: remained there until a late hour viewing its. maltitudinous beauties and wonders, Jouy T. Morean’s family and Jacob Naffziger’s children returned Saturday evening from San. FranW. J. Anprews, the man who sells wagons, buggies and carriage3, is in town. 3 PUB LiC. , MAN, now > Clothing, (ne Prieg San Next Door to One Dollar's Wo FIFTY years ago, to visit the exhibition of Swiss productions held at Zurich. On a charming spot at the foot of the Lake near the place wuere were found the lake dwellings of pre-historic man, were ann O 4 “regular English-stoyle,”’ whi sidered perfection. TR TASTE “Han’som’ cab, is it? Cab co But why travel to the far East in searc OUR TASTE HAMS, by different estab Indeed, the struggle is careely. less terri e mpany stoyle, is it? I’mthere, McGinty. Sure, I just cut the frontwheels off the ould coupe, and here’s your regular ‘English stoyle.”’ ba : : ' 2 There is no Ham like the OUR TASTE for regularity), uniformity, freshness, brightness, attractiveness, and : THO STORES Having removed the entire’stock, consisting of : Gents’ Furnishing Goods, : Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps; Trunks, Valises, Dry and Fancy Goods, — Laces, Embroideries, Hosiery, &o.° Into the Store known as the Francisco Store, ON BROAD STREET, . Stumpf’s Hotel, Where he will continue to give you rth of Goods ‘for CENTS. “i REMEMBER WE NOW HAVE ONLY ONE STORE. Mlarer1.sS Lewy, Assignee. HAMS; Another case of “anything to be in the fashion.” This enterprising McDougall is supposed to Tive at the East, and there he made this desperate attempt to imitate what he terms the ‘ h of imitatars, when we have them in abundance: might, for instance, have called attention to the desperate attempts now being made to imitate the famous lishments throughout California, but in San FranciseQ especially. ble than that exhibited by McDougall in trying to. put on the the success they meet with is even more scanty. ee lar rp a8 ‘stoyle.” ance at home? We economy, sweetness; ’ naildness, all other qualities that goto make up that which may” be conAsk your grocer. for them, au se that each Ham bears the Ox Tae ano he ti : Hall, Luhrs & Co, Sacramento, —

ables, ars, & y Fruits IN. Yo 4 1 NTHAL, a lor at Law. ESTATE AND. + oe Manufac3ROADCASSIwhich will ing: Suits ODS. eriority of t Scottish ir fineness be match-. it the minthe colors ig and pa. beats the customers vad Street, lley. >tt. t of s Fine Sack ean-accom: . ou can sent { % “ fe PUBLISHED ‘ . Daily, Mondays Excepted. SS THE FAIR, Opeaing Address by Hon, A. A. _; sargent—First Nightatthe Pavilion. The formal operiing of the Sev+ gnteenth Agricultural District Fair * took place at this city last evening, An immense throng of peo~ ple congregated in the Theatre to tisten to the address ‘of Ex-Sena. tor A. A. Sargent. The Directors . and officers of the Association, the members of the Pavilion Committee and a number of citizens occupied seats on thé stage. After “° Goyne’s Band had played a selec“tion, President. Walrath . madeé “ gome brief ‘and appropriate re‘ fnarks, congratulating the people . 6f the District upon-the favorable *“@nancial condition of the Associ» gtion and the brilliant prospects *. fer the success of .the first annual @xposition, The band played an‘ éther selection #nd then the Pres““jdent introduced the speaker of “the evening who was received with great enthusiasm and delivered the following splendid address. MR. ‘SARGENT’S SPEECH. . Faentow: Citizens: I congratulate you upon this auspicious opening, at the Queen city of the moun: tains, of the Agricultural Fair of the 17th District. The evidences gll around us of energy and enter. prise are characteristic of this community and of the 17th District, _ while the success that has crowned your efforts must. be gratifying » to you, a8 it isto your visitors on this occasion. For over thirty. five years Nevada has been a leading centre of thought and action in this State. ‘Seated in this hol. Tow, scouped out by nature among . the surrounding hills, which rise ‘ amphitheatre-like all around it, -with beautiful regularity, like the walls of the Roman Coliseum, re‘mote from tide water,and for man years of its history, having difficult communication with ‘ the exterior, it has always madeits mark _ upon the current thought of the State, and had peculiar: influence --in'shaping public policies. While . its song -haye held many proud . and influential positions in State and Nation, its citizens have been ‘ noted as sympathising with all Leoragente and beneficial aims, and, n ready’ with intelligent opinions and decisive action. It is always a pleasure for the wandering sons of Nevada to revisit their old home; and they are found in all parts of the State, leaders in enterprise and society. The greatest boon Nevada has conferred on the State has been the gift of its citizens, trained here at young men, and sent out to build up the enterprises of other communities. But Nevada is stil. rich in this regard, as is evidenced to-day by its air of comfort ana prosperity, and the grand succesattending this novel enterprise. But Iam here on this occasion not to praise you, or merely to give expression to the pride felt by our truants in their old home. mo numbers of them woula glady be with ‘us to-day, were it possible ;. for there is something io this balmy air of the foothills, something invigorating and health. giving, that may be vainly sough away from California, ‘and unsur; passed in our State. The splendi:: skies of Italy.are poisoned with the cast off;.decaying cuticle of count less generations Southern France and Spain writhe in. the grasp 0: the: pestilence fiend. ~The long, dark winters of northern. Europe ‘cause one to sigh for the brisk, crisp, fleeting winters of these foot-. hills. In our sister States of the west the tornado tramples down life and property, and:this terrible instrumentality has lately demonstrated its power. in two. populou< Atiantic. cities.» Itis here, in this healthful, bright spot, ‘productive as Eden of the most luscious fruits; where malaria has never yet stulen inon the midnight-air; where the children are as chubby as cupids, andthe maidens as. ftesh as. the _duwn;. where manhood is full oi vigor.and womanhood of intelligemee, a ~eivilization and stable community may be expected. : Nevada and Placer counties have been more closely linked together since their. origin, and are now more assimilated in. feeling than either has ever been or now is with any other county. They were for a long time united in the same judicial district ; their: pursuits are identical, in. mining and agriculture ; their soil, climate and altitude are the same. It was a wise.act of the Legislature to unite them in one District, and I welcome the people of Placer to this gathering, promising: reciprocity whenever the time may come for dt. ° But the-scenes around us can ‘but peng my mind the old days of Nev: ow different in al -jits aspects was the Nevada of the first ten years of itsexistence from that which it presents to-day. It is thirty-five years, ahd a little more, since Nevada received its present name. A meeting of resqidents on the 4th of July, 1850, at Bl&ckman’s store, that stood near the present junction of Main and Commercial streets selected for the fast populating city the beautitul name it hassince borne. A State in the Union afterwards adopted that name. In September of that year I first saw the rude shanties ‘that lined its rudimentary. streets ; ’ the log cabins on all the illsides ; the busy town of Coyoteville, with . its thousands of denizens in t envinons; where scarcely a trace of habitation is now to be found; the dense throng that filled these: streets, hurrying, jostling,yet good natured; the os caitving open‘doored gambling saloons at the &.) foot of Main street, where gam: ‘pling ran high or low according to Pen eon le Ally a. MR eG Se _{ the temper of the customer ; wher a shovel cost an ounce, and meat, tough enough for leather belting, cost half a dollar a pound, and soap was among the luxuries, and nothing was plentiful but whisky, not even women, who were: scarcest of all. It was a town ot men, and on the whole of orderly men. Yet we had our exhibition of lynch law, but one such, I believe; for there was comparatively little of the recklessness of the southern mines, as portrayed by Brette Hart; and Nevada, with all of its bustle and primitiveness, was far from beinga Roaring Camp. _How. very few are left of the old pioneers!They have scattered to every part of the Stute—to every region of the globe. I have met them almost everywhere; in this State, in the East and in Europe. Many more have passed the dark river; and the few who remain are old or in mature manhood. Yet: the memories of those former denizens of these'streets have not ali faded out. A crowd of them rise up to my mind’s eye, ‘and’ their names are-notunfamiliar to-you: Among the lawyers who practicea at the barin the'rude days, whe can. forget, Stanton Buckner, ‘most amiable if most tedious of men ; and James Churchman, a man oi yenius, with some of the faults o. genius; and John R. McCoanell, with his uncouth pupil, W. M. Stewart, both men of remarkable ability ; and Ellis, who nobly bore 4 manly part in the coming days; and Lorenzo Sawyer, since eminent as. a judge, if not locally loved for hig judgments; and bluff old Frank J. Dunn, and unfortunate Henry Meredith, done to death in in Indian raid; and Niles Searls and. Dave. Belden, and T. B. McFarland, who still live to dc the State service; and in the lis: of merchants there was royal Dick Uglesby, since General, Senator and Governor, then young, like California ; and among the miner: who delved. in the ravines was John P. Jones, serving now’ his third term in the U. 38. Senate, and here also was John B. Hager, who also became a Senator. Fou men men serving together in the U. 8. Senate, had. been resident» of Nevada at the same time in the fifties. I could allude to J. N. furner and his excellent family, who were residents here in 1850, and kept the Nevada Hotel; to Warmack and Gregory; who envertained travelers; to the old Nevada Journal, and later Nevada Democrat, the ghosts of expired journalism; and that reminds me of W. B. Ewer and Tallman H. Rolfe, pioneer journalists; and worthy old John Dunn comes. to mind, with James Whartenby, Dr. Knox and Geo. W. Kidd, who trained the water on these hills and sold it almost as dear as whisky, and fought long legal battles, to the betterment of lawyers, with Amos T. Laird for priority of water rights. Parson Warren’s ser‘vice of his church is not to be forgotten, nor the militant preacher, sland, nor many others. * Barly in the fities the neighboring town of Grass Valley, with 3uch men as the Watts to help, grew to importance from its quartz djiscoveries, and has ever since geen a principal and thriving seat of that industry. Nevada was aot to be outdone, and so T. W. Jolburn, and other ardent souls, ypened the Bunker Hill mine on Deer Creek, erected a roasting furiace, and put a pan underneath tu satch the dripping gold, which never dripped. When I Jeft here ifteen years ago to enter upon re aewéd service in Congress, there we ree or four quartz mines in ihis vicinity ,-of more or less doubtdul value. Now there are thirty worked to one then, some most ex sellent; and this ‘industry gives « oromise here, as well as presen. returns, unequaled in any. othe: yart of the State. This development is not confinsd to this special neighborhood, Nashington township is redeem .ng an early promise in this, re gard Eureka townsnip mines yeems inviting,’ Grass Valley seeps its repute and some quart: vp-rations in Placer county have aot been. without reward. “Then fruit raising can ; not be detter. prosecuted anywhere: in che State than in this district. fruit freights east will come dowu undoubtedly with increased busi'aess. Nevada and Placer countie« can raise feait unexcelléd in. the world, and the :.arket east is in-, axhaustible for the best kinds. Jut of these elements, with incidental: Oy: ts. can these commenities be maintained? L is thé Serious question of the. hour. There are causes which have checked” the “prosperity of “‘thiese vounties and measurably of this city, and which may perhaps have continued operation. It is. better to look: such things in the face ; to meet them manfully, rather: than’ tobe. self-deceived. The. bountiful hand of Providence has scattered in parts of these counties wealth beyond the desires of avarice, if it could be. secured. Uniortunately there is but one method known toman or likely tobe invented by which these treasure, chumbers can .be unlocked, “and ‘that method works inconvenience and loss to. the valleys. So the 1} courts have decided, and that the hydraulic miner has no right to use his own to the injary of others fhe ultimate effect of the decree isthat thousands of millions oi dollars worth of gold shall lie serviceless under the hills, and all the great expenditures made. to create agencies to ,extract this gold shall be lost.. 4 From a miners’ point of view this not only ‘involves -a great hardship, but is. the. disappointment of a. reasonable hope. ‘Lhe government, as the owner of the mines, acquiesced for a generation in the occppation and working _of the mines, and knew that its citzens were expending hundreds of he . millions of dollars in ‘labor and capital in ning the mines and ixpotiting costly machinery. It went tacther by its legislation even before the sale of the mines, by exempting mineral land from re-emption and sale, by collecting a yearly license for working by making the rules, regulations and customs of miners the.rule of decision in its courts. Under this policy, the miner never considered himself as a trespasser on the public domain, und never liable to blame fof working his claim, arid such was never the opinion of the general government, or of any one else. Aiter a generation of this policy the government finally sold che mineral lands. to miners, requiring proof in evéry case, not only that the land” was mineral land, but that it was actually used as such ; and forbidding the oceupancy of such land without purchase, unless actually and regularly mined. Thereupon the miners paid their myuney. to the gov ernment for their claims, made still more systematic improvements and erected and embelfished homes in the vicinity of their mines. ‘Thriving. towns sprung up; schools flourished ; the church veul called to prayer, .and all the voncomitants of civilization’ atvended as handmaidens, upon an aonored and. intelligent industry. To the miner there appeared no reason in the clamor suddeniy caised against his operations, anu chere seemed a deep injustice. in che gradually tightening orders 0: the courts, which operated like a aarsh break on every wheel of his industry. The great dams and the’ tong lines of ditches stretching irom the fastnesses of the Sierras, ‘dug and flumed. along rugged hil: sides at vust expense, extending irom town to town, suddenly _became useless. The toilsomely excavated tunnels penetrating the oowels of the earth, once resonous with the sound of rushing water, vecame mute. The thriving little villages put on an airof desolation. 3chools were “closed “up, ‘Lhe sabbath gatherings no longer assembled at the sound o1 che chureh beil, for the the worshippers must leave or starve. ‘Ihe scale of taxable propsrty, as.shown by the assessor’s oooks descended by the miliion yearly. A friend who called on me the other evening at San ¢yrancisco told me that he and: his wife had accumulated ina town in this county, by years of saving some ten thousand dollars, which was all invested in town property ; chat the day before the Circuit Jourt decision he could have sold it for that price, and the day after ae could not have sold it, and sould not sell it now, for $100. He aas moved with his family to another county. These facts which are too familiar to you cannot be ind are not realized elsewhere. [i shey were it seems to me there would sometimes be a, regret expressed at the necessity for the sessation of an industry which aas nourished an important part oi the state, and less tendency to confound the conception of a miner with that of a roadagent., By the sollective mining industry one or cwo million dollars in gold in a nonth was for a great many years poured into the trade channels ol ibe state, San Francisco being she principal gainer. If miners uave been engaged for years in a aefarious business certainly those who have reaped the principal yenefit ought to be chary of reproaches. A foundry’in Marysville is the chief man factory oi aydraulic: monitors in. this State. Vhile you feel the reproaches -eaped: upon mining and miner, x0 suddenly changed trom the praised and petted industries 0 vhe State into law-defying, unconssionable destroyers of its prosper ty, .you. may perhaps patiently sxamine the causes of complaint »£ those of your adversaries who speak from a point of personal inverest. The complaintsof the men whose farms are covered with taillags are worthy of considerate treatment. If the remedy they nave pursued has destroyed minag, they. have apparently not yeén actuated by a wish to detroy it from malicious motives, yut to save themselves. If they aave thereby destroyed their own narkets in the mountains, it is cael [os8as well as yours. If have viten heard a regret expressed oy the miters that their operations .ajured taose of the vallies on the uargins0. the streims, aad it'must ye conceded that any daniage vaused by mining was involuntary und hotmaficious. '-It) was a maisiortune growing out-of the uature vi things. Butthe miiners argued uw fellows: . ‘‘ We have been tor a sreat Many years engaged in. this susiness with the approval of the government and ali the people oi State. We have made enormous investments. which,will be a total loss if it. is stopped. Wearethe best customars of the communities below, ineluding those complaining, because we. produce -only gold and are general consumers. Wehave pdught our lands in’ good faith to mine. Theagriculturists have taken up lands since ours ‘were taken up on the spots where by prescriptions we had a right to’ ee our tailings.” We are enriching the State if not ourselves. The world is full-of. agricultural Jand,., while gold mining lands are scarce, and there are none in the world 80 valuable ‘as these which would be condemned to inactivity.’? By such considerations and others'the mi‘ners were influenced to believe that they had both right and expediency on their side, andthat the courts must recognize it, But the miners never did feel a class hostility to the valleys, or anytaing but decent regret.that any, injuries should result.to the farm-° ers. The farmers’side of the . questidn is, that hydraulic miners cast masses of earth into the streams, whieh flows with the current, and ‘covers ‘up their fields, destroys their crops and-the present fértility of the soil;.and_ they believe. théy have a right, on just. legal principles, to have an agency .arrested which eanses them’ such loss. They also appeal to general interests to gain the ear of the State and say that not only isa broad fringe of lands along the streams victimized by. ‘‘slickins’’ but the navigable-waters of the them, by levying a° royalty om the 1 State are. being filled up; the bed ofthe Sacramento river is being in \-our énterprises . ‘a time suffer. These are: 1 vetable premises for their complaints, and must be considered in judging the situation. The courts take them into consideration in. arriying at their. conclusions,.and find them true. The hydranlic miner has undoubtedly contributed to these evils. It would be disingenious to deny it, and nothing would be ga‘ned by the denial. Yet it. will not do to overlook other obvious ¢ iuses,certainly deleterious in their effects. The whole Sacramento

valley-is an evidence, as are all valleys, of the erdsive power of water acting on mountain ranges,and every harbor in the world, every place of deposit of running waters, irom the mouths of thé Nile to the bar of the Columbia or the St. John, testifies clearly to che same effect. The loam—the debris from centuries. of. washings. of _ winter storms. is a thousand yards deep in the Sacramento valleys. . These great operations would have gone on forever, or until the mountains }and_ plains, were.one, _had—man ‘never seen this State. As the: plains fill the beds of: rivers rise. the process has been greatly acvelerated by an.hurdred other causes’ besides mining. Every acre of land plowed-in_the mountain valleys, every road-built, every cellar.or post hole dug, loosens the soil, ready to be: runinto thé streams and load them with slickens. The cutting of timber from the high Sierras has probably done more mischief, and will continue to do so, than ary other agency. fhe ground on the steep mountains being once bared of trees, every depression becomes 1n_winter w water course; the whole volume of water rushes at once to the plains, carrying earth, pebbles and sand in its course. Forests retard the flow of water. The stems of trees and underwood, the trunks, stumps and {roots of fallen trees, and the numerous inequalities.of ground observed in all forests, all act as dams to water. Where the earth is denuded of trees the sun and frost pulverise the earth and rocks, and prepare them to be swept down into the lowlands. -George .P. Marsh, in his ‘Earth as Modified by Human Action,” after describing the great fertility of the territory of the Roman empire, says + “Tf we compare the present physical condition of the countries of which { am speaking, with the descriptions that ancient historians and geographers have given of their fertility and general capability of ministering to human uses, we shall find that more than one half of their whole extent—not ineluding the provinces most celebrated. for the profusion and variety of their spontaneous products, and for the wealth and social advancement of their inhabitants, is either deserted by civilized man, and surrendered to hopeless desolation, or at least greatly reduced in productiveness and population. Vast forests~ have disappeared from mountain spurs and ridges, the vegetable earth accumulated beneath the trees, by the decay of leaves and fallen trunks, the soil of the Alpine pastures, which skirted and indented the woods, and the mould of the ulland fields, are washed away. Meadows once fertilized by irrigation are waste and unproductive, because the cisterns and reseryvoirs which supplied the ancient canals are broken, or the springs that fed them are dried up. Rivers jamous in history and song have sunk to humble brooklets. The willows that ornamented and protercourses are gone, and the rivulets bave ceased to exist as perennial currents, because the little water that finds its way into the ancient channels is evaporated by the droughts of summer, or absorbed by the parched earth beiore-it reaches the lowlands. The beds of the brooks have widened into broad expanses of pebbles and gravel, over which, though passed in the hot season dry shod,in winter sea-rlike torrents thunder.— fhe entrances of narrow streams ira obstracted“by sand bars;and aarbors, onGe mart: of an extengive commerce, afe shoaled by the deposits-of rivers at whose mouths they lie. The elevation of the beds of estuaries, and the: consequently diminished velovity and increased tateral ‘spread of the -streams which flow into them, have conyerted thousands of leagues olf shallow bea and fertile lowands into unproductive and miasmatic morasses.’’ a) The auther finds several causes concurring to turn the fairest and most fertile regions into the barrenest deserts; but~the principal cause to be the depletion of mountains of theirforest covering. The lesson should be learned by heart, and have its effect gn our national and State legislation. Hydraulic mining is held responsible for all consequences of floods, of alfdeposits in rivers, of all shallowin of harbors. Yet those who woul avert these’ results must look beyond mining unless. all science 1s at fault,. I do not urge these considerations as a ple for mining. That would be useléss: But I ask thouglitful’ men to estimate the consequences” of the destruction of the a —— ga to supply the-valleys as well 46 the foothills with-jumber. ~.Says Marsh : “When the ‘forest is gone,’ the great reservoir of moisture stored up.in its vegetable mould is evaporated,. and returns only \in deluges of-rain to wash away the parched, dust -into which the mold has been converted! The well. . wooded and humid hills are turned into ridges of dry rock, which encumbers the low. ground’ -and ‘chokes the water courses with its debris; and except in countries favored with an equitable distribution of rain through the season, and a moderateand regular inclination of surface, the whole earth, unless rescued by human art which it tends,becomes #n assemes bald’mountains, of barren tu maluarious plains. There are parts . of Asia Minor, of Northern Africa, BGA and Sali Brandiseo. Bay] of Greece, and tected the banks of the lesser wa-_ from the physical “degredation to. jess-hills, and-of swampy and. évén' of Alpine Eu-~ rope, where the operation of causes set in action. by man. has brought the face of the earth toa desolation almost as complete a8 that of the space of what we call the historic perione they are known to haye n covered with luxuriant woods, verdant pastures, and fer‘tile meadows, they are now too far deteriorated to be reclaimed by man; nor can they become again fitted for human — use, except through great geviogical changes, or other mysterious influences or agencies, of which we have no present knowledge, and over which we have no prospective control:”’ ; I will not pursue this branch. of the subject further; lest I-weary you; butit is worthy the attention of all who are solicitous about the filling up of our rivers that there are great causes at work to effect that result, even though hydraulic mining is stopped, and quite independent of that pursuit, ‘All rivers heading in abrupt mouatains must fill: up; especially if ‘those mountains are wooded;-andare being denuded of timber; and even in the absence of the latter feature. Scientists assure us that all running streams begin with excavating channels for themselves; or deepening the natural depressions in which they flow. But in proportion “as their outlets are raised by the material transported by their currents, their velocity. is diminished ; they deposit gravel and sand at constantly higher,and higher points,.and so at last elevate the beds they had previously scooped out. Then the rivers overflow their banks in time of freshet, and-deposit earthy matter, on the sides,-so-raising the surrounding country; preventing by such elevation’ ‘the morasseg. which would otherwise exist. . . Referring ‘again to: the main question, the» inquiry arises, what is likely to. be:the result of these legal proceedings? — Will hydraulic miners ever be allowed to resume their work? I have given this nmatter ‘much thought, andshould think myself derelict to duty did I:encourage vain expectations. It seems to me that the grounds on which the adverse decisions are made are such that there is. slight prospect. of‘ reversal. Itis better always to look danger square in the face. I feel certain that nothing permanent is gained by furtive evasions of the decrees of Courts.If ever there is a change of policy from that now existing, it will be, because there is a general conviction that itis.a mistake; not because the miners resist. No class of men and no cominunity can successfully resist the law, even if the law were improvident. The first element of public security is obedience to law, and all justinfluences rise up to effect such obedience. The way among a free people to repeal or reverse an obnoxious law is to enforce it. If anything can change the conviction of the State, it will be the want of the gold hoarded in these hills. Ii that want never takes shape so as “to control the subject, the hydrautic miners’ cause is hopeless. It this is so il is the policy of the hydraulic miners to absolutely cease, as they have in great measure, to tap these gold leads; to scrupulously obey the injunctions and let the State know that they are doing so. Itis hard to advise to let these industries lie dormant; to let-the mountain. towns created by hydraulic mining and depending on it, dwindle and perish. The prospect is not encouraging, but what other. resource is there worthy of consideration.. It is certainly notin defying the courts, or the adverse opinion of the state, or in moonlight, furtive mining. Pardon me for plain speaking. We are enough friends to deal truthfully with each other. The question comes back to us, inthe absence of hydraulic mining, what is the prospect of this. distriet? You ‘have your quartz ledges, now more explored and more protitable than ever. fhis branch of mining industry has not caused complaints and probably never will. It would be 4 most extraordinary circumstance should it do so. Fortunately it rewards intelligent enterprise. It is not liable to the criticism of wasting the country where it is prosecuted, or incommoding the regions below. But this industry alone will not serves for all resources of a community like this. Can you, as practical yen, turn to other pursuits witlt-a—ehanee of success? Any one who compared the soil and climate of this district-with those of Prussia, for example, and saw in Germany @ population approximating that of the United States, upon an area a readily concede that right here is by comparison a Garden of Eden, and capacities unapproachable. 1 know no part of Prussia where there are so many inducements to cultivate the soil as in thisdistrigt. In that country are dredry wastes of sand and pine barrens, from which inadequate subsistence is painfully-wrung. It is only by long hours of labor and strict economy that the farmer gains his bread; and the workman at any trade is glad of a pittance that would be scorned here. It is true the great population there furnishes a market for. all products, though competition with outside producers makes the compensation small. Hence Bismarck excluded our pork products, and now agitutes for a duty on wheat. A-few generations hence when this State will have some” millions of population, all these hills will be covered with grape vines, and orchards will fill all the valleys. Then manufacturing interests will have grown up, sufficient at least for local ae? But that time is iar distant. The serious question is, how shall the present. population find the means of livelihood? Californians have been accustomed to lavish expenditure out of corresponding gains. It is irksome to come down in ~receipts and expenditures. It seems sordid and pitifal.~ But-it is -necessary, and’ even beneficial. This economy has to be practiced in moon ; and though within the brief }* third larger than California, would . . ‘San Fraticisco aswell as‘ in’ the mountains. “Everywhere there is complaint of dull times; employment is slack and business is poor, A man does not better his condition. who leaves the mountains for the valleys or lower cities. Thatis the testimoay of hundreds who have tried the . experiment. Isay to you mountain men, turn your hand to whatever offers here at home, rather. than . fake forlorn chances abroad. oS: The peculiar climate of this State and the nature! of its agriculture are unfavorable.to steady employment of labor. ‘Pie wheat raiser wants a large force ‘during apartof the year and none the remainder. It is so with the fruit raiser, with the strawberry and hop culturist. Stock lives all winter in the open air, and needs _little attention. No great burns are required to store agricultural products. These -lie safely in the ld until shipped away, The tendency of-all this is to make a tramp of the laborer. I confess I see no remedy for this. It seems ‘to grow out of our. local conditions, which are advantageous” ini many points of view, but certainly not in this. Hence the dwellers in the mountains-are-notgainers by seeking employment in the valleys. Standing one summer evenin at Interlarken in Switzerland an looking towards the. majestic Jungfrau mountain, decked with a mantle of: snowy white, which showed grandly revealed in a wide open gorge that unfolds itself in the foreground, I glanced up the steep hill sides on either hand. Far upthe dizzy height were scattered human habitations, Cattle were feeding here and there, looking like flies. on the acclivities. When a half level spot of a few yards could be found, to hold a little soil, there were signs of patient cultivation. : Passing down the Rhine in one of the swift steamers that ply from Manitz to Cologne, by old custles, some restored and others in. pic# resque ruin, the. scenes alike of medizval revelry and cruelty, the traveller may see the sunny side of the hills stoné terraced to sive every inch of available space. Up the hill sidés men and women have carried soil and fertilizers in ‘baskets on their backs, and planted the vines, which there. ripen then purple fruit on the warm exposure. Every inch of space is precious, and is utilized, the ener’s deck to be very small and irregular, adopting themselves to the various outlines of the mountain’s sides. Sunshine is a cevetcd agent for turning the thin blood of Rhemish grapes into saccharine matter. Wine grapes would not ripen on the off sides of the mountains, or in the valleys, which are employed. in other agricultural uses. In this 17th district there are vast acres entirely unoccupied, as well adapted to wine culture as thes best.in the Rheinish region. Among the artificial wants of the world wine stands foremost. The consumption of wine in Europe. is almost incredible, while the distruction of European vineyards by disease is widespread, in spite of concerted governmental action to prevent it. California will yet be the greatest wine producing country in the world, and the best part of California for wine and raisin grapes is among these very foot hills. I leave to others the . task of ascertaining if a pure articie of wine is injurious as a~ beverage. I only speak of this thing as I find it and asit is likely to be in the future! California wines are gaining reputation for excellence in the Eust, and to some degree in Europe, and deserve still more. One obstacle is the manufacture in New York cellars of spurious imitations, poisonous decoctions, which:are put on the market as, and undersell, the genuine. Such a nefarious trade should be forbidden by heavy penalties. As bearing. upon the capacities of these foothills for development of varied industries, I may remark that I wasable, some two and quality, and yet Switzerland closures appearing from the steam. " erected’ several large wooden ‘pavillions, ~ beautifully simple in adornment. In these were artistically displayed all the product: ions of the loom, the forze, the workshops and factories; the forests and mines and waters of Switzland. tere were silks’ gorgeous as the robes of eastern monachs. The silk product of Switzerland is unexcelled in quantity as no kaowa advantages ‘over this region in raising the worm or its food;or_in manufacturing the fabric. The display of watches was very fine. A locally invented screw making machine was exhibited at work, which seized’ an iron rod and used it up rapidly and mechanically, cutting it into lengths, turning the screw, cutting the head, and dropping. the furnished product constantly into ahopper. It would be endless to} recite all the objects of. interest} in this purely domestic exhibition, showing what an isolated mountain p2ople, with few resources ex~ cept industry and ingenuity, could accomplish. The lesson to my mind is obvious, You have every advantage which Switzerland has; ee ai A ge dur young men ina. many which it has not; and. we in the United States are especially ' blessed that we are not burdened . TO THE: Has DONSOLIDATED T ASSIGNEE SALE The .undersigned; ASSIGNEE of L. H as Switzerland i, in éoramon with a ro ' @ militar tan thax solinntioe il best’ yeore } all“but* name, and op -with.a load of taxation that crushes the'hearts of the people. Gen. Grant said; after his return from a trip around the world, that the chief lesson he had learned from it was. the fact that the Ameri¢an people arethe most circumstanced of any ou My observations ‘abroadule to appreciate the justness: be the lat of thie awe! 3 a0 these mountains, poten By after, is my ferveat wish, "~ At the conclusion of the iiddress the Pavilion was thrown open to the people who: remained there until a late hour viewing its. maltitudinous beauties and wonders, Jouy T. Morean’s family and Jacob Naffziger’s children returned Saturday evening from San. FranW. J. Anprews, the man who sells wagons, buggies and carriage3, is in town. 3 PUB LiC. , MAN, now > Clothing, (ne Prieg San Next Door to One Dollar's Wo FIFTY years ago, to visit the exhibition of Swiss productions held at Zurich. On a charming spot at the foot of the Lake near the place wuere were found the lake dwellings of pre-historic man, were ann O 4 “regular English-stoyle,”’ whi sidered perfection. TR TASTE “Han’som’ cab, is it? Cab co But why travel to the far East in searc OUR TASTE HAMS, by different estab Indeed, the struggle is careely. less terri e mpany stoyle, is it? I’mthere, McGinty. Sure, I just cut the frontwheels off the ould coupe, and here’s your regular ‘English stoyle.”’ ba : : ' 2 There is no Ham like the OUR TASTE for regularity), uniformity, freshness, brightness, attractiveness, and : THO STORES Having removed the entire’stock, consisting of : Gents’ Furnishing Goods, : Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps; Trunks, Valises, Dry and Fancy Goods, — Laces, Embroideries, Hosiery, &o.° Into the Store known as the Francisco Store, ON BROAD STREET, . Stumpf’s Hotel, Where he will continue to give you rth of Goods ‘for CENTS. “i REMEMBER WE NOW HAVE ONLY ONE STORE. Mlarer1.sS Lewy, Assignee. HAMS; Another case of “anything to be in the fashion.” This enterprising McDougall is supposed to Tive at the East, and there he made this desperate attempt to imitate what he terms the ‘ h of imitatars, when we have them in abundance: might, for instance, have called attention to the desperate attempts now being made to imitate the famous lishments throughout California, but in San FranciseQ especially. ble than that exhibited by McDougall in trying to. put on the the success they meet with is even more scanty. ee lar rp a8 ‘stoyle.” ance at home? We economy, sweetness; ’ naildness, all other qualities that goto make up that which may” be conAsk your grocer. for them, au se that each Ham bears the Ox Tae ano he ti : Hall, Luhrs & Co, Sacramento, —