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Notes & Summary of Indian Wars (5 pages)
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Page: of 5
1854 was perhaps the tuning point because in August, the feds decided to fund the
California war debt of approximately ot million —Mariposa Battalion and debts being of
this amount--, while turning its back on the California Indians for reasons of economy. This
sent a clear message that the feds were taking the side of the state. CA enters claim for
$924,259.65 for 1850-52 volunteer forces encounters on 10 occasions: Mariposa, Fresno, El
Dorado
Beale was replaced in 1854 by a less honest and committed superentendent who has
been charged with having an “inept and self-serving superintendency” jn which Indian-white
relations deteriorated into violence Of crisis proportions (Californians, March/April 1983), p.
27. ‘The State was self-serving, declaring with its citizenry, that it just wanted Indians
gone/removed; the Feds wanted economy, peace and good conscience, without paying
anything for it. yrtried to broker, but no one was acting in the interests of the
California Indians. Removals of N.C. Indians to Round Valley, e.g.
In 1856 war broke out in both the Northern part of the state and the lower San
Joaquin. The governor of California John Neely Johnson asked Beal to quell the uprising
and made Beale a brigadeer general. Beale established peace, but by giving food to the
Indians which cost money.
2/21/56 Wool reporting newspapers advocating extirmination. Peace will never a + .
be achieved as long as individual wars allowed and financed by the U. -US. govt. gov't. _
cibbe requests
Kibbe thinks Tone 1 more effective. 36. Wool. July 8, 56 with a “if you can’t beat join
them” posture, Wool wants federal troops for war of extirmination. Report for Comm on
Military Affairs, CA exped. 1854-59. $439,626.33 for volunteers, supplies, transportation, etc.
Principles 1) NO greater payment than army 2) supplies ditto 3) no allowances for
expedition which Secty of War thinks unjust.
CA Leg April 7, 1856 wants arms for volunteers, paid by feds.
42. Henley and wool scrap about who gets to convoy Ind. ‘lo Nome lackee. Wools says it is
unsurveyed; Indians would have to be retrained by the army, but would be be unable to
protect the Ind. From warring whites.
By 1856, the official policy of both feds and states was a war of extirmination. In 1858,
Captain Johns court martialled for genocide. Committee of Vigilantes wanted to give
the prisoner a gold sword, nota punishment. Indian grievances or any attempt to
provide them state aid for self-support were not forthcoming. Instead federal and state
troops vied for the paid positions to do this.
When the civil war broke out and Feds removed. Many acts of violence at hands of
volunteers. Hiram Good raided Ind for slaves; tries to make it sound like a legitimate w
expedition i in order to make the state responsible for payment (War Records, CA State
Archives Annual Report, 1803: Reorg. Of rez. Proposed: sale of Klamath, Mendocino,
Nome Lackee, enlarge Smith River and Round Valley. 2 children killed at Chico, 2 Ind.
Lynched, and 461 forcibly deported in terribly mismanaged removal, to avoid war of
extirmination. Total of CA war claim of expenses of Califonia Volunteers (Civil War)
and militia is $4,420, 891.96. Paid at inflated Ca prices. Some suppressed Ind.
Disturbances and conveyed Ind. To reservations. Cf. 240.
See Bancroft ms, Augustus Moor, Pioneer Experiences, of theft of horse by Paiute for
example of how Indian wars began. Ind. Stole horse, retrieved but Moore wants vengeance,
thinks Ind. Should be punished and trails Ind and wife as moving away and confronts him
and gets into pistol battle when Ind. Refuses to return and submit case to white justice
system. Ind. Wounded, relative of chief. One of factors that led to Pauite War which broke