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Page: of 12
19. This meadow you can see here was once a loading or staging
area for the Iumbermen and their horse-drawn wagons over seventy years ago.
20. This is only a young sugar pine; however,
when it matures it will be a striking element in
the main forest belt, although it is usually outnumbered by other conifers. The cones ripen and
shed their seed in the second summer of growth,
but commonly remain in place until the following
winter or spring. The soft wood has high commerical value making the sugar pine scarce in
many forests. Fire or axe wounds to the living
tree produce a fluid that hardens into white nodules. Indians and early settlers learned to chew
this gum, which is sweet from the pine sugar.
21. This small evergreen shrub is green manzanita. This shrub, unlike most plants, has the
ability to live through a forest fire. Manzanita
produces small, urn-shaped, pink or white flowers in small clusters. The berries are round and
various shades of red and pink. Indians made
many into meal to be used as a porridge. They
ranked next to acorns in food value. A cider was
made from the berries. The fruits and leaves were
crushed for their astringent properties for relief
of bronchitis, dropsy and other diseases. A tea
made of the berries was used as a wash for poison
oak. The leaves were crushed, dried and mixed
with tobacco to make up a smoke.
22. These finely dissected fern-like plants are commonly called
bear clover (Indian name Ket-Ket-dizze or mountain misery) because of the sticky black gum covering the leaves. Indians used
the plant for many ailments. They used the leaves to make tea for
rheumatism, and skin eruptions. The leaves were also used in a
brew for coughs and colds, and even sometimes used as a medicine to treat venereal diseases.