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Collection: Books and Periodicals

The Tertiary Gravels of the Sierra Nevada of California by Waldemar Lindgren (1911) (301 pages)

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64 TERTIARY GRAVELS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA OF CALIFORNIA. that have been determined by W. H. Dall to be of undoubted Eocene age. The plant material was very poorly preserved, but from it I was able to make the following provisional identifications: Magnolia lanceolata Lesq. Populus zaddachi Heer. Magnolia californica? Lesq. Aralia angustiloba? Lesq. Laurus californica? Lesq. Juglans californica? Lesq. Sabalites califoraicus? Lesq. Ulmus californica Lesq. Aralia whitneyi Lesq. Ficus tilisefolia Al. Braun. It needs but a glance to show that this list is typically that of the auriferous-gravel flora, but unfortunately, as stated above, the material is so poorly preserved that all but three of the identifications are much in doubt. The three species, which are positively identified, are Magnolia lanceolata, Aralia whitneyi, and Ulmus californica. On referring to the table it appears that two of these species (Magnolia lanceolata and Aralia whitneyi) are among those found outside of the auriferous gravels, at horizons which take them well down into the acknowledged Eocene. They have both been reported from the Fort Union formation as well as from the Ione formation of Shasta County, Cal., and other localities—a fact which undoubtedly robs them of the significance they might otherwise have as tending to prove the Eocene age of all the auriferous gravels. It is not to be denied, however, that an analysis of the table of distribution shows that a fair percentage of the 35 species having an outside range occur at horizons below the Miocene, but on the other hand there are 22 species (about 60 per cent) which are found in or confined to the Miocene. Thus far the obvious affinity of the endemic species of this flora has not been considered, and lack of space prevents a complete analysis of this kind here, but I do not hesitate to state that in broad terms this affinity is beyond question with the Miocene. In conclusion, therefore, I feel myself justified in holding to the opinion that the flora of the auriferous gravels is of Miocene age.