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Collection: Directories and Documents > Tanis Thorne Native Californian & Nisenan Collection

Yokuts Trade Networks and Native Culture Change (23 pages)

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Yokuts Trade Networks and Native Culture Change in Central and Eastern California Brooke S. Arkush, Weber State University Abstract. This article argues that Yokuts traders were instrumental in introducing elements of Spanish and Mexican material culture among tribes of interior central California. In this respect the Yokuts are viewed as the major facilitators of early historic culture change among tribes of the central and eastern Sierra Nevada regions. Ethnographic, historical, and archaeological data are presented to identify the specific mechanisms and general dates associated with the process of protohistoric material culture modification within the above regions, and to explore how most Yokuts tribelets remained relatively independent of Spanish and Mexican domination. The practice of intertribal trade among California Indians has long been a popular subject of inquiry among anthropologists (cf. Sample 1950; Davis 1961; Heizer 1978). Many groups occupied distinctive ecological zones and had access to materials desirable to both neighboring and distant peoples who lacked them. This situation resulted in the development of trade networks and corresponding trails that linked native groups across distances of hundreds of miles, and over which seasonal and annual trading expeditions travelled in order to acquire exotic artifacts and raw materials from distant trading partners and/or trading centers. The early studies of Sample (1950) and Davis (1961) relied heavily upon data acquired through salvage ethnographies to document the major trade networks and trade routes that operated in native California prior to about A.D. 1847, after which American annexation of the region severely upset intertribal trading activities. Generally speaking, the primary sources of imported aboriginal goods and materials have been identified for most California Indian groups. However, minimal research has been conducted Ethnohistory 40:4 (Fall 1993). Copyright © by the American Society for Ethnohistory. CCC 0014-1801/93/$1.50.