August 7, 1857 (4 pages)

= THE NEVAD NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, FRIDAY MORNING, AUGUST 7, 1857. WHOLE NUMBER 376, VOL. 7. -NO. 12. Hourual. Che Acbada J PUBLISHED BY N.P. BROWN & Co. E. G WAITE. N. P BROWN. OFFICE—No. 46 MAIN STREET. TERMS: Fou Gui FeaRe 5 si ss For Six MONTHS ee aan Business Cards. F. SCHOTTE, Assay Office, No. 30 Main Street. At Williamson & Dawley’s Banking House. ( 1OLD DUST AND ORES of every description assayed ¥ promptly and faithfully and returns made in from aix to twenty-four hours—in Bars or Coin. ie I guarantee my Assays and will pay any differenees that may ariseinthesame, withthe Assays of any of the U.S. Mints. to Refersto any ofthe Gold Dust Buyers of Nevada wad its vicinity. 16—tf ¥ WILLIAMSON. I. N. DAWLEY. WILLIAMSON & DAWLEY, Bankers, AT fHETR OLD STAND, 30 Main STREET, NEVADA Highest Price paid for Gold Dust. UY City, County and State Scrip. Gold Dust sentto the Atlantic States i tins Gold.Dust sentto the United St or coinage. Drafts onthe princips! Atlantic States and transact a general Banking business. Mint,San Francisco Checks on Sacramento and San Francisco. We haveone of the best Fire-Proof Vaults in the State, and Will receive Special and General Deposits. Atten peid to collections. 17-tf Gunsmith, aving survived the fire, the s tablished himselfon SPRING ST eriber has again esEET,in the rear of the United States Hotel, where he will prosecute his business for the present iu the Gunsmith line, Rifles and Shot Guus kept constantiy on hand forsale. Lead, &e. Pistols. Powder, Shot, Balls, Wadding, Flasks, Powder Horns, &c Caps, est Notice. ture any part of mac New Rifles made te STANTON BUCKNER. Buckner & Hill, OFFICE IN KELSEV’S BUILDING Comm . AVING associated the sive her in the pra tiee of the Law, will attend 7 tly to all busir eonfided to their cz n Nevada and adjoining counties. Nevada, July 18, 1256-tf : A. A. SARGENT, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, OFFICE—Kidd & Knox’s Building, Broad Street. » order Cc. WILSON HILL la. THOMAS P. HAWLEY, . Attorney and Counsellor at Law, Office—Kelsey’s brick, Commercial street, Nevada, D. *BELDEN. “G. W. YANT. Belden & Yant, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law. Alban’s Brick Building, corner of Broad and Pine streets NEVADA. WS, SPEAR H. I, THORNTON. Spear & Thornton, Counsellors and Attorneys at Law DOWNIEVILLE, CALIFORNIA. ww PRACTIC E in the. Courts of the Fourteenth Judicial Dist 2 he Supreme Court, Downieville, » THOMAS P. WAWLEY, Notary Public, . bon: Office with Buckner & Hill, Kelsey’s building, Commercial street, Nevada, 7 a. GARDINER. T. BR. MCFARLAND GARDINER & McFARLAND, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law. Vfice—Riley’s Brick building Corner Pine and Broad Streets. Ww. M. STEWART c STEWART & WOOD, ATTORNEYS & COUNSELLORS AT LAW Office in Kidd’s Brick Building, Broad Street. Nevada, July 3, 1857. A. C, NILES, J. R. M'CONNELL. McCONNELL & NILES, . ar SECOND FLOOR . . F. Woop, . al Legal Advertisements. Published by Authority. A IN ACT To provide for Paying certain Equitable Cla against the State of California, and to contract a Funded Debt for that purpose. The People of the State of California, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as foilows : SecTron 1. and 1 . hereina . to be pre 2 . 2 sum of three mil ars, be j ing, funding nlifornia, ail cause Jifornia, hundred rate of seven ir is parable of July, seventy seven; the inron said bonds shall be due and payable e of the Treasurer of State, on the first day of For the purpose of liqn January and of July of each year: Provided, That the first payment of interest shail Not be made before the tirst day of Ja ry, one tl sand eig tred and i fifty-nine bonds shali igned by the Governor, . and counte ned by the Controller, and endorsed by i the asurer of State, and shall have the seal of the . State affixed ther . See 2. Cou . each bond, so that they may b . or mutilation to the bond Sec. 3. It shall be tt easurer and . Controller of Sz ach te e record of . all such bonds as » © issu showing the numb . date and munt of h bond, and to whom the same was issued d upon what claim, and its amount; and none of the cla srein specified shall be Liquidated or paid bet in rein provided See 4 1¢ thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated to pay the expense that may be incurred by tt easurer in having sai the State ter specitied, the Treasurer of State, bond or bonds of the S ‘inaf 1¢ saine tjange therefor 0 + provided tor ia issnen al parts of a sue certificates of such which said cert to be funded a endorse on the b. dated, the dz from whom j ithin twenty years of the principal and int nds issued under this Act, . there shall be , until the bonds are paid, and prot be provided law for ordinary each one hundred ¢ nd persona ed from this the fund « plied e bonds } the interest on the other officer Act, shall be ; Controller, at the bonds issued under thie Act particular ack der t ertaining to the matters protil at all times be open to the ininterested, or the Governor, or the ch of the t fund, if suff hen to pay the d del. that the C sufficient Fund: P Attorneys and Counseliors at Law, . : st warrant Will practice in all the Courts of the l4th Judiciol Dis. be trict, and in the Supreme Court. > @ interest Office in Kidd's Block, up stairs. See. 10. It shall be the duty of tt rnor and Con — eres" = aT SET RE ~— . troller to attend, at least onee i tt at the John Anderson, ‘Treasurer’ =. Justice of the Peace, Office—A few doors below T. Ellard Beans & Co., on Broad street, Nevada. JAMES CHURCHMAN, Attorney at Law. TIL hereafter devote himselfaolely to the practice of hie profession, and will be found always . at his office, Corner of Broad and Pine Streets, Nevada, except when about on professional business. julyl0 R. M. Hunt, M. D. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, fe Office—Rudolph’s Drug Store, Commercial st. RestpENCE—Water st., 2d house above Pacific Hotel. Nevada, Angust 3—3m Harvey Hunt, M. D. OFFICE—At Dr, John Lark’s Drug Store, Nevada Aug. 8 1856. MEDICAL NOTICE. E.S. ALDRICH, M. D., PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, Late Surgeon of the U. S. Army, tenders his profes. Broad sional services to the « of Nevada and vicinity. OFFICR—No. 1, Cri der ick Building, Mair street, Nevada. Residence, National Hotel, stroet May29 ‘Thomas Marsh, SIGN & ORNAMENTAL PAINTER, MAIN STREET, ABOVE COMMERCIAL, NEVADA CITY. feb 20-ty A. ROGERS, J.M. HAMILTON, H.S. COYE Hamilton, Rogers & Co. General Dealers in Hardware, Iron, Steel, Window Glass, Oils, Camphene, Powder, Fuse, Cordage, Tackle, Blocks, &e. at their old stand, No. 27 MAIN STREET, Nevada. Nevada, Aug. 15—tf C. W. Young, MANUFACTURING JEWELER, WATCHMAKER AND DEALER IN All kinds of Fine Watches, DIAMOND WORK & CUTLERY Old stand—Commercial street, Nevada.—/ wx. S. McRowenrts, M. i. FUNSTON. McRoberts & Funston, Dealers in Groceries, Liquors WINES & MINERS’ SUPPLIES. Havef removed to ¥ . 89 Broad Street, Nevada. NEXT DOOR TO THE POST OFPICE. Come and see us. Charles H. Bain, ARCHITECT AND BUILDER, ARPENTERING donein the best style and with des / patch: Billiard Tables repaired and all kinds of FanWork. Reasonable thankful fer past favors andsolic ts continuance of thesame. Shop in the rear of Williamson & Dawley's Banking House. 16-tf . Wood! Wood!! Seasoned and Green Wood! . YHINGLES and Boards, 3 feet in length on hand and + for sale. . . Job Hauling done at any time at reasonable rates. i 3 Fr. C. PURTYMUY, Boulder street Nowada, Ang. 2, 1256,--if j and now ontstanding . this Acts j this Act, as y the conpons. n under sanction law, for civil expenses prior to January first. A. D. 1857, lunpaid, but the lL net authorize the fandi warrants, the were visi dorsem< ment of t or warrar provisions of f any of those at of which last uird, Just ned prior to Jannuahich may 1 and audited by atur And if the Treas i a n yon cla 4 ye void. claims specified in ceived for funding, and bonds the prior to the first day of January. . wards: a that time, are ex and such blar il then remain o1 in the of the Governor, urer, See. 13This Act shall tak November, A. D. 1857, as to 1 those relating to, and necessary for, its submission to the people, and for returning. canvassing and proclaiming the votes—which shall take effect immediately. ° See. 14. This Act shal! be submitted to the the State for their ratification, at the ral election, to be holden on the first Wednesday of September, A.D. 1857, and the qualified electors of this State, shall, at said election, on their ballots for State officers, vote for or against this Act: those voting for the same, s write or have printed on their ballots, the words “* Pay the Debt;” and those voting against the same, shail write orhave printed on their ballots the words “ Repnchate the Debt.” See 15. The votes cast for and against this Act. shall be counted, re rnvassed, and declared, in the same © the same rules as votes cast for th , and ifit appear thata ofall the votes so cast for or against this law as afore l,or in favor of th et, then the same shall have effect as hereinbe vided, and shall be irrepealable until the prine linterest ofthe liabilities herein created shall be paid and arged, and the Govern i make m thereof; but if a majority against this Act, then the same shall become vi = Sec. 16. Its presé people of next g ty of the Secretary of State newspaper in each Jube published therein, c the general election to i first Wednesday of September next; for which publication, no greater allowance shall be made than the rates allow Approved April 28th, 1 to have this Act put dicial District of th for three months next pre¢ be holden upon the 1 by law tothe State Printer. REMOVAL. GREGORY & SPARKS, J OULD respectfully inform their friends and the y pubiic in general that they have removed to the Brick Building. on Main Street, Under the Nevada Journal Office, Where they haveon hand, and will constantly keep, a j well seteected stock, embracing every article belonging to their line of business, of the best quality to be had in the market below. They give a ceneralinvitation to all to eallrnd see them. To their old friends and customers they retarn their thanks for past favors, and solicita continuance of the same. ‘They have Groceries, Provisions, Preserved Fruits, @ Can Fruits All of which will be sold as low 1 free of charg and see us. e¥ Xx ais. Marca > Crockery, a niog Tools, e the lowest, and deena EAE IE A 7. = [From our Extra of Friday.] BY TELEGRAPH TO THE NENADA JOURNAL. Arrival of the Golden Age. TWO WEEKS LATER FROM THE ATLANTIC STATES and EUROPE. By the arrival of the mail steamer Golden Age we are in possession of dates from New York to July 6th. GENERAL INTELLIGENCE. The Postmaster General and the President have decided upon the route of the overland mail to California. It commences at St. Louisand Memphis,thence to Ifittle Rock, thence to the Rio Grand near Fort Fillmore or Dona Ana, thence along the projective Wagon Road to Fort Yuma, thence to San Francisco. Messrs. Butterfield & Co. are the contractors and the sum of $595,000 is alThis provides for the transporTHE NEVADA JOURNAL. . lowed. . tation of a mail twice a week. . The New York Court of Appeal had pronounced by a vote of six to two in favor of the legality of the New York Metropolitan Police Act. In view of the abrogation of the municipal police forces by the operation of the decision of the court of appeals the entire body was to a man formally discharged by order of the Mayor. Al the station houses and other police property still remain in the uands of the police captains, who employ one officer and two door keepers to guard the property in the proceedings against of the and for contempt of court, he was fully j . ; al. Mayor of New York. For inciting a riot . . . exonerated, the judges holding that he only acted in the discharge of his duty as Mayor of the city. Five of the persons engaged in the Plug Ugly Riot in Washington, had been convicted; two had fled from justice, and three senienced to ene year’s . imprisonment. The Republicans of Maine met in State Convention on the 28th of June, and nominated Lott M. Morrill of Bangor as their candidate for Governor.— Next day the Democrats nominated W. . 'H. Smith of Warren county as their i candidate for Governor. The Montreal left Quebee at 4 0’clock in the afternoon of the 4th of July . for Montreal, having on board between (four and five hundred passengers.— When abreast of Cape Rogue, the wood work of the furnaces was discovered to be on fire, and at the same moment the flames burst forth, causing the utmost consternation. ‘The flames spread with great rapidity, and numbeys of the passengers precipitated themselves into the river and were drowned. The steamers Napoleon and Allianee went to the rescue, and the former took off 127 passengers, several of whom subsequently died . of their wounds. Capt. Rudolph of the Montreal, and the purser swam to the Alliance, and were saved. Kansas Quter.—Maj. Davis, assis. tant adjutant general, U.S. Army, had just arrived from Kansas, and reports the complete success of Gov. Walker lin tranquilizing that territory, and pro. ducing a law-abiding feeling among the No further difficulty is apprehended, and the immigration to the territory will be heavy this fall and winter. . On the 4th of July a bloody riot oceurred in the bloody sixth ward between a gang calling themselves “the Dead Rabbits” and the Bowery Boys in Baird Tire arms were settlers. street near Mulberry. freely used and seven persons killed and twenty-five or thirty wounded. In the twelfth and thirteenth wards there were also serious affrays, in which a number of persons, including a policeman, were badly injured. . he fight was renewedin the Sixth -. Ward when aterrible conflict took place between t¥o factions and eleven persons were shot, many of whom are supposed to be fatally wounded. The police did all they could to suppress the riot but they were totally insufficient to protect themselves from the fury of the mob, and had it not been for the presence of the military in the very heart of the Rioters strongholds there is no knowing where the matter would have ended. Eater.—12 o’clock.—The riots are at an end but still much excitement exists. "The Coroners are engaged in holding the inquests, but as yet nothing of importance has been elicited. A number of arrests were made this morning. Two more of the rioters have died within the past three hours. Very Latest—Our New York cortes. pondent under date of 12} o'clock, July Gth, states that i5 persons including the policeman, Bowery boys and Rabbits, . are dead, and eighty are known to be wounded. William L. Marey is no more. He was found deadin his room at Ballstone, on July 4th. He closed his 70th year in December last. ee I RE HE SRT STO CE AIR MMOS TENN ee : } been appointed . Collector of Customs at Sacramento vice Sacket removed. The Interior department of the government learns that the Ranch Rio de Los Americanos in California has been confirmed to J. L. Folsom. The Fernandes Rancho containing seventeen thousand and eighty acres has been confirmed to D. L. Fernandez and others. The instructions relative to the operations of troops now detailed for Utah have been completed. It is designed by the Goverment to create a separate military department of the territory under the command Gen. Harney who will have a force of nearly 3,000 men fully equipped in the field. Col. Jack Hays now Surveyor General of California, it is said will be transferred to Utah ina similar capacity. Col. Richardson has resigned the Governorship of Nebraska, and Gov. Izzard will return to the territory and resume his duties in that capacity. The Levenworth [Kansas] Journal announces that the twelve regular democratic candidates have been elected by an average of 420. The average vote of the independents was 752. Gen. Concha has been removed from the Governor Generalship of Cuba. Gen. La Sunde is his successor. Wm. Cary Jones, son-in-law of exSenator Benton, and Mr. Harris. son-inlaw of Com. Morgan have passed thro’ Panama on their way to Costa Rica.— The latter was accompanied by Mr. Webster, one of the late Costa Rican envoys to our Wall street fillibusters and the would be grantee of his own account of the Nicaragua Transit Route. The Nicaragua routeis the stakes for which they are laying their plans. The former for Vanderbilt. The latter for Morgan. A treaty has been negotiated and will shortly be concluded between our Goyernment and Nicaragua which will be entirely satisfactory to United States.— The object which is to open the Nicaragua Transit Route. There will be no recognition of the fillibustering Commodores, in fact they were perfectly ignorThe route will be placed by Nicaragua upon a permanent basis and the ed. rights of American citizens protected. In consequence of non-payment of interest on Calitornia Bonds they have gone down to 56 and 57 cents. Our European dates are to 24th June. EXNGLAND.—A very lively discussion has taken place in the House of Commons on the bombardment of Greytown, in consequence of the action of Lord Hamilton who rose to ask what steps her majesty’s government had taken to obtain compensation for the British subjects residing at Greytown when the town was bombarded in 1854, and if it would lay upon the table of the House copies of the correspondence that had taken place on the subject, with the government of the U.S. The process of shipping the cable on board the Agamemnon at Greenwich was going briskly forward, and attracted large numbers of distinguished visitors. Up to Saturday, June 20th, 98 miles of the coil had been taken on board the Agamemnon. The manufacture of the cable was nearly completed. Its total was to be 2550 miles. The U.S. frigate Niagara had arrived in the Mersey, and the process of shipping the cable on board of her was to commence forthwith. The elections had closed in France The laboring classes in Paris had exhibited much interest in the election, which was understood te have been favorable to the government candidates. The results had not been definitely ascertained. Spain.—More troops had been sent to Havana. The position of the Mexican question was still believed to be very unsatisfactory, and no nearer to an adjustment. A telegraphic dispatch from Madrid on the 20th June seys : Spain determined to make herself respected by Mexico. CenrrRaAL AMERICA.—Costa Rica dates to the 4th of July; from Nicaragua to the 33d of May; from San Salvador to the 24th of June; from Guatemala to the 10th of June. American Consul at La Union died on board the Panama on the 7th inst., whi'e the ship was lying at Punta Arenas. There were about 350 of Walker’s déserters still at Sanjose, and 44 in Punta Arenas. : Nicaracua.—On the 23d, Maj. Gen. Seovala, commander in chief of the Guatemala forces in Nicaragua entered the government house ia Leon and grossly insulted the President Rivas in person, by the use of the most offensive language, and even threatened to hang him. By the intervention of Gen. Barrios of Salvador the matter was temporarily arranged, and Gen. Seovala, with his forces was ordered to leave the city. Since that date President Rivas was deposed. Generals Martinez and Xerez were appointed provisional Presidents . until a general election takes place.—. to bring up the shot to which the twine The country appears to be in a most unsettled state, and the result of the Presidential election is auxiously looked for. San Sarvapor.—A revolution had raged in San Salvador. Gen. Barries late commander of the Salvadoran forces in Nicaragua made an unsuccessful attempt to get up a revolution against the President. He subsequently submitted, and the revolution ended. The Paths of the Sea, The following will give some idea of the eloquent lecture of Lieutenant Maury on “The Paths of the Sea,” recently delivered in the principal cities in the U.S. Wonders of the Sea-Bottom.—But let us pass from the deep above to the deep below. The lead is let down to the bottom of the sea, and it is curious to see the work that is going én there. Beautiful cora] islands are built up there; perhaps a part of a one, if we could dissect it, would be found to have come down tke Mississippi, from the Rocky Mountains, or to have been borne upon the besom of the great Amazon, from the tropics of South America; or, indeed, parts in that island may have come from every part of the world, by routes which, if we could trace them, would seem wonderfully long and strange. Inthe cell which one of these little animaleul has built for itself, we should recognize a part of the Table Rock from Niagara, and sand from the Holy Mountains. It may contain matter from the Euphrates, from the sunny plains of southern Europe, from the battle fields of the Danube and the Nile. or from the soil of classic Italy. We know all this, hecause mariners have told us of the islands these corals have built up; they seem to have been at work in the sea ever since the waters were gathered together in one place, and looking at the work they have done, the islands that have been built up, we havea proof of their eternal diligence and perseverance. It appears that we had no idea of the operations that were carried on in the depths of the sea till we began to explore it with lead and line, and now it seems a great charnel-house. Every body who has stood upon the shore of the sea has desired to fly away upon its waves, and learn what there is beyond it; or, if possible, to dive below, and learn what there is beneath: it. Depth of the Ocean.—TVill recently all was conjecture about the depth and formation of the bottom of the sea; it was supposed that it might be as deep asa mountain is high; but as to the character of the bottom, they left that to poets’ brains to picture. Some supposed it scattered over with gold, gems, anchors, dead men’s bones, ete., but Brooke's . lead teaches a different story; it shows that all such things are covered up and buried, deep down, wany feet, by shells and animaleule. Every-where where this admirable sounding apparatus of Brooke has been, in has brought up shells and the corpses of the dead. A single quill may bring up thousands— nay, millions of these shells; they are so small that it requires the minutest microscope to discover them; they cannot be seenwhenalive. The bottom of the deep is covered over with their carcasses ; they have obeyed the commandment which was given on the fifth day: “Multiply and bring forth abundantly.” Never before now does history give an . account of any attempt being made to measure the depth of the sea. Chance circumstances caused me to attempt it, and thinking it might result in good, I continued the attempt. Congress then passed an act directing the Secretary of the Navy to set apart and direct one vessel to continue these soundings for the purpose of assisting in perfecting these discoveries, and also to allow the whole navy to assist in making the investigation in so far as they could without interfering with their proper duties. In order to get at the bottom of the sea, they got some common twine and tied a thirty-two pound ball to it; ihen letting it down into the sea, they waited to see how much line would run out, and considered the length of that line measured the depth of the sea at that point. "The twine and ball were leftinthe sea. As soon as the deep sea soundings were commenced, we found we were in a new field; we found that system would not do; experiment showed us that when the cannon ball was at the bottom the twine continued to run out, and that the larger the ball the slower the twine would run. ‘The difficulty of getting it down was not because of the increased density of the waiter, since that can only be compressed very slightly, but because that when the cannon-ball had gone down a mile, it had to drag a mile of twine after it. Then we used the same kind of twine and the same weight of ball for every experiment, but we found sometimes that the twine would never run out. A vessel one day was sent out to take soundings, or measure the depth of the sea at a particular spot; they began at sunrise, and, as the captain was a very patient man, they staid there till sunset, the twine still running out, so they came back and said they guessed there was no bottom there.— This was before we discovered the under currents. Instruments for Examining the Bottom of the Sea.—By tle use of proper . leads we now know the structure of the bottow of the sea along the North Pacific, as well as along the Atlantic. The most peculiar thing in the North Atlantic is a ridge from Newfoundland to England, which is called the telegraph plateau. The deepest point along that route is about two miles. Having learned this, we must next get some plan to . prove to the people that we had reached the bottom of the sea, and knew its composition and geography. We tried . tom. was fastered, but the twine was not strong enoug, and if we used a larger one it was too heavy for the shot to carry down. Hence we have the invention of Brooke’s excellent apparatus. the shot is hollowed, with a long reed running through it; there are quills in this reed; now, the shot is left at the bottom, but the quills and reeds are drawpv up. ‘Tbe apparatus is so arranged that the moment the end of the reed —which extends six or eight inches beyond the ball—touches the bottom the shot falls off, and the rest can be easily drawn up. Provided with these instruments and facilities a ship was sent out to the ocean to take soundings, and it discovered better than gems and pearls at the bottom of the sea—it discovered the telegraph plateau which is to unite the Old and New World. The quills, on coming up, contained skeletons of sea insects of micriscopic minuteness; these were sent to West Poiut, and particularly examined by Professor Bailey. The specimens from the calm sea, from the Gulf of Mexico, from the Gulf Stream, all evidently consist of one family. and are of one kind. When Professor Bailey examined the matter brought from the telegraph plateau, he found voleanic cinders in it. We could not account for it at first; we knew that the voleanoes of South America had east their cinders as far as Cuba; butif they came from that source, we would have found them in the Gulf Stream; so it was useless to look there for an explanation. It was next suggested that those cinders lying just along the track of the European steamers might be the ashes from those boats; so Professor Bailey told me to get him some cinders from the ash-pits of the Baltic and the Pacific. After giving them a careful and critical examination, he established the gratifying fact that steamboais are not voleanoes. ‘The source of these cinders still remains a mystery; but they show that the matter there lies as soft as down at the bottom of the deep sea. . There is no motion or disturbing force there. Indeed, these soundings suggest . the idea that the sea, like the snow cloud with its flakes in a calm, is always letting fall upon its bed showers of mieroscopic shelis; and we may readily imagine that the “sunless wrecks” which strew its bottom are, in the process of ages, hid under this fleecy covering, presenting the rounded appearance which is seen over the body of the traveler who has perished in the snowstorm. Still ef the Ocean Depths.—The ocean, especially within and near the tropics, swarms with life. The remains of its myriads of moving things are conveyed by currents, and seattered and lodged in the course of time all over its boiThis process. continued for ages, has covered the depth of the ocean as with a mantle, consisting of organism as . delicaie as the immaculate frost, and as light as the undrifted snow-flake on the mountains. Whenever this beantiful sounding rod has reached the bottom of . ue the deep sea, whether in the Atlantic or Pacific, the bed of the ocean has been found of a down-like softness. The lead appears to sink many feet deep into the oozy matter there, which has been strained and filtered through the sea water. This matter consists of the skeletons and casts of insects of the sea, of microscopic minuteness. The currents do not reach down to the bottom . of the deep sea; there are no abrading agents at work here, save alone the gnawing tooth of time; a rope of sand, if stretched upon the bed of the ocean, would be a cable strong enough to hold the longest telegraphic wire that art . ean draw. At the bottom of the sea there is a protecting cushion of still wa. ter. We have had soundings in the! Gulf Stream, and every thing at the bottom there is as stillasthe grave. If the stream, with its current of four miles . an hour, reached to the bottom of the sea, it would have torn up or worn} through the surface of the earth, and we would have gone down to the molten interior. We see in the Table Rock, at Niagara, what 3 small stream constantly wearing away will do. A Tlarp Case.—The people have a hard time in this little world of ours. Even in matters of religion there is a vast difference between Lazarus and Dives, as the following anecdote will illustrate : Old Billy G had attended a great revival, and in common with many others, he was “converted” and baptised. Not many weeks afterwards, one of his neighbors met him reeling home from the court ground with a considerable brick in his hat. “Hello, Uncle Billy,” said the friend, “I thought you had joined the church.” “So I did,” answered Uncle Billy. making a desperate effort to stand still, “so I did Jeemes, and would a bina good Baptis if they hadn’t treated me so everlasting mean at the water. Didn’t you never hear ‘bout it, Jeemes 1” “Never did.” “Then I'll tell you "bout it: You see, when we come to the baptizin place, thar was me and old Jonks, the rich old ’Squire, war to be dipped at the} same time. Well, the minister tuck the squire in fust, but I didnt mind that much, as I thought it would be jest as good when I cum; go he led him in, ani after dippin’ him under, he raised him up mity keerful and wiped his face and lea him out. Then comes my turn, and instead of lifting me out like he did the Squire, he give me one slosh, and left me crawlin’ about on the bottom like a d—n-d mud turkle I’ i= A man’s wealth depends more on his wife than his income, Some women will cause thoir husbands to become rich on five hundred a year—others can scarcely keep out of jail on five thousand. Saving has made more fortures than getting. . mpre heart-rending . pers take a queer method of measurine . Bobert Emmet and his Love. loa the evening of a lovely day— the last day of the noble and ill-fated Emmet. A young girl stood at the castle gate an(l desired admittance into the dungeon. Bhe was closely veiled and the ktéeper could not imagine who she was, nor that any one of such proud bearing should be an humble applicant at the prison door. However, he granted the boon, led her to the dungeon, opened the massive iron door, then closed it again, and the lovers were alone. He was leaning against the prison wall, with a downcast head, and his arms were folded upon his breast. Gently she raised the veil from her face, and Emme: turned to gaze upon all that earth eontained for hin—the girl whose sunny brow in the days of boyhood had been his polar star—the maiden who made him sometimes think the world was all sunshine. he clanking of the chains sounded like a deathknell to her ears, and she wept like a child. Emmet said but little, yet he pressed her warmly to his bosom, and their feelings held a silent meeting— such a meeting, perchance, as is held in heaven only, when we meet to part no more. Ina low voice he besought her not to forget him when the cold grave received his inanimate body. He spoke of by-gone days, the happy hours of childhood. when his hopes were bright and glcrious—and he concluded by requesting her to sometimes visit the places and scenes that were hallowed to his memory from the days of his childhood; and though the world might pronounce his name with scorn and contempt, he prayed she should still cling to him when all others shonld forget. Hark! the church bell sounded, and he remem bered the hour of execution. The turnkey entered, and after dashing the tears from his eyes, he separated them from their long embrace, and led the lady from the dungeon. At the entrance she turned and their eyes met—they could not say farewell. The door hung upon its heavy hinges, and they parted foreyer. No, not forever; is there nota Heaven ? . At sunrise next morning he suffered gloriously, a martyr te his country and liberty. And one—o’er her the myrtle showers Its leaves, by soft winds fanned; She faded, ’midst I an flowers— The last of their fair band. "Twas in the land of Italy; it was the rgeous time of sunset in Italy. What gnificent scene! <A pale, emaciated Oh, it om perrennial, and the ba’my air qmes freshiy to the pining soul. Oh, ; her stars are set; the brightness of r dream had faded; her heart was mtoken. When ties have been formed earth—close. burning ties— what ts and agonizing to the at last, the beloved sjjirits than to find, ‘ « floweret.” Enough; she died the betrothed of Robert Emmet—the lovely Sarah Curran. Italy eqntains her last remains, its flowers breathe their fragrance over her grave, and the lulling notes of the shepherd’s lute sound a requiem to her memory. + LONG Speecues.—The Boston paeloquence. They give the following particulars of the speeches in the late Dalton divorce suit: “Mr. Choate’s argument in behalf of Mrs. Dalton, occupied fifty four feet of solid matter, and by lineal measuremenc would reach a quarter of a mile. Mr. Dana’s argument on the other side, would more than go half way round Boston Common, and these two speeches, together with Mr. Durant’s opening address and Judge Merrick’s charge would wore than reach around the common }and the publie garden.” Yet the longest speech effected the least execution, Mr. Choate carrying it two of tho jury with him, with his two furlongs of talk.” Arctic Scenes on Lake Sureriong: +The steamer Lady Elgin arrived at Chicago on the 16th ult., from Superior, which port she left on the 12th. She met with much impeciment from ice.— At Grand Island the ice extended from shore to shore, but after a delay ef two days she managed to force her way througn the pack. Marquette was still closed with ice, and in some places it lay in masses ef twenty or thirty feet in thickness, strongly reminding the beholders of the Arctic seenes so graphically described by Dr. Kane. Any one desirous of experiencing the rigors of the Arctic regions can do so with little trouble if they take an early start to the north-west by way of Lake Superior. Huge fields of ice almost in the middle of June, and which will not probably have disappeared before the middle of July, may not again obstruct the naviation of the lake at the same season or the next century. Tue Quickest Raitroap Tratn 1s AmeErIca.—The Michigan Central Railroad Company are now running a lightning train from Chicago to Detroit daily upon their single track, which for speed and regularity is unequalled on any road in America. The train leaves thicago at 6 A. M., makes ten stops, nd reaches Detroit at 3 o’clock P. M. aking that place in 9 hours from Chicago, including stops, a distanee of 282 miles. The first day on which this rain came through, the 25th of May, it arrived at the Detroit Depot on time, te the very minute, and since then hae been promptly up to time, each dayThis is quicker time, by some two or hree miles an hour, than is made upon either the New York Central or the Hudson River roads, both of which have a double track. Under this state of facts the people of Michigan may welt point with pride and satisfaction to the ‘Michigan Central Railroad as one of the i best roads in the United States,

= THE NEVAD NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, FRIDAY MORNING, AUGUST 7, 1857. WHOLE NUMBER 376, VOL. 7. -NO. 12. Hourual. Che Acbada J PUBLISHED BY N.P. BROWN & Co. E. G WAITE. N. P BROWN. OFFICE—No. 46 MAIN STREET. TERMS: Fou Gui FeaRe 5 si ss For Six MONTHS ee aan Business Cards. F. SCHOTTE, Assay Office, No. 30 Main Street. At Williamson & Dawley’s Banking House. ( 1OLD DUST AND ORES of every description assayed ¥ promptly and faithfully and returns made in from aix to twenty-four hours—in Bars or Coin. ie I guarantee my Assays and will pay any differenees that may ariseinthesame, withthe Assays of any of the U.S. Mints. to Refersto any ofthe Gold Dust Buyers of Nevada wad its vicinity. 16—tf ¥ WILLIAMSON. I. N. DAWLEY. WILLIAMSON & DAWLEY, Bankers, AT fHETR OLD STAND, 30 Main STREET, NEVADA Highest Price paid for Gold Dust. UY City, County and State Scrip. Gold Dust sentto the Atlantic States i tins Gold.Dust sentto the United St or coinage. Drafts onthe princips! Atlantic States and transact a general Banking business. Mint,San Francisco Checks on Sacramento and San Francisco. We haveone of the best Fire-Proof Vaults in the State, and Will receive Special and General Deposits. Atten peid to collections. 17-tf Gunsmith, aving survived the fire, the s tablished himselfon SPRING ST eriber has again esEET,in the rear of the United States Hotel, where he will prosecute his business for the present iu the Gunsmith line, Rifles and Shot Guus kept constantiy on hand forsale. Lead, &e. Pistols. Powder, Shot, Balls, Wadding, Flasks, Powder Horns, &c Caps, est Notice. ture any part of mac New Rifles made te STANTON BUCKNER. Buckner & Hill, OFFICE IN KELSEV’S BUILDING Comm . AVING associated the sive her in the pra tiee of the Law, will attend 7 tly to all busir eonfided to their cz n Nevada and adjoining counties. Nevada, July 18, 1256-tf : A. A. SARGENT, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, OFFICE—Kidd & Knox’s Building, Broad Street. » order Cc. WILSON HILL la. THOMAS P. HAWLEY, . Attorney and Counsellor at Law, Office—Kelsey’s brick, Commercial street, Nevada, D. *BELDEN. “G. W. YANT. Belden & Yant, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law. Alban’s Brick Building, corner of Broad and Pine streets NEVADA. WS, SPEAR H. I, THORNTON. Spear & Thornton, Counsellors and Attorneys at Law DOWNIEVILLE, CALIFORNIA. ww PRACTIC E in the. Courts of the Fourteenth Judicial Dist 2 he Supreme Court, Downieville, » THOMAS P. WAWLEY, Notary Public, . bon: Office with Buckner & Hill, Kelsey’s building, Commercial street, Nevada, 7 a. GARDINER. T. BR. MCFARLAND GARDINER & McFARLAND, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law. Vfice—Riley’s Brick building Corner Pine and Broad Streets. Ww. M. STEWART c STEWART & WOOD, ATTORNEYS & COUNSELLORS AT LAW Office in Kidd’s Brick Building, Broad Street. Nevada, July 3, 1857. A. C, NILES, J. R. M'CONNELL. McCONNELL & NILES, . ar SECOND FLOOR . . F. Woop, . al Legal Advertisements. Published by Authority. A IN ACT To provide for Paying certain Equitable Cla against the State of California, and to contract a Funded Debt for that purpose. The People of the State of California, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as foilows : SecTron 1. and 1 . hereina . to be pre 2 . 2 sum of three mil ars, be j ing, funding nlifornia, ail cause Jifornia, hundred rate of seven ir is parable of July, seventy seven; the inron said bonds shall be due and payable e of the Treasurer of State, on the first day of For the purpose of liqn January and of July of each year: Provided, That the first payment of interest shail Not be made before the tirst day of Ja ry, one tl sand eig tred and i fifty-nine bonds shali igned by the Governor, . and counte ned by the Controller, and endorsed by i the asurer of State, and shall have the seal of the . State affixed ther . See 2. Cou . each bond, so that they may b . or mutilation to the bond Sec. 3. It shall be tt easurer and . Controller of Sz ach te e record of . all such bonds as » © issu showing the numb . date and munt of h bond, and to whom the same was issued d upon what claim, and its amount; and none of the cla srein specified shall be Liquidated or paid bet in rein provided See 4 1¢ thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated to pay the expense that may be incurred by tt easurer in having sai the State ter specitied, the Treasurer of State, bond or bonds of the S ‘inaf 1¢ saine tjange therefor 0 + provided tor ia issnen al parts of a sue certificates of such which said cert to be funded a endorse on the b. dated, the dz from whom j ithin twenty years of the principal and int nds issued under this Act, . there shall be , until the bonds are paid, and prot be provided law for ordinary each one hundred ¢ nd persona ed from this the fund « plied e bonds } the interest on the other officer Act, shall be ; Controller, at the bonds issued under thie Act particular ack der t ertaining to the matters protil at all times be open to the ininterested, or the Governor, or the ch of the t fund, if suff hen to pay the d del. that the C sufficient Fund: P Attorneys and Counseliors at Law, . : st warrant Will practice in all the Courts of the l4th Judiciol Dis. be trict, and in the Supreme Court. > @ interest Office in Kidd's Block, up stairs. See. 10. It shall be the duty of tt rnor and Con — eres" = aT SET RE ~— . troller to attend, at least onee i tt at the John Anderson, ‘Treasurer’ =. Justice of the Peace, Office—A few doors below T. Ellard Beans & Co., on Broad street, Nevada. JAMES CHURCHMAN, Attorney at Law. TIL hereafter devote himselfaolely to the practice of hie profession, and will be found always . at his office, Corner of Broad and Pine Streets, Nevada, except when about on professional business. julyl0 R. M. Hunt, M. D. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, fe Office—Rudolph’s Drug Store, Commercial st. RestpENCE—Water st., 2d house above Pacific Hotel. Nevada, Angust 3—3m Harvey Hunt, M. D. OFFICE—At Dr, John Lark’s Drug Store, Nevada Aug. 8 1856. MEDICAL NOTICE. E.S. ALDRICH, M. D., PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, Late Surgeon of the U. S. Army, tenders his profes. Broad sional services to the « of Nevada and vicinity. OFFICR—No. 1, Cri der ick Building, Mair street, Nevada. Residence, National Hotel, stroet May29 ‘Thomas Marsh, SIGN & ORNAMENTAL PAINTER, MAIN STREET, ABOVE COMMERCIAL, NEVADA CITY. feb 20-ty A. ROGERS, J.M. HAMILTON, H.S. COYE Hamilton, Rogers & Co. General Dealers in Hardware, Iron, Steel, Window Glass, Oils, Camphene, Powder, Fuse, Cordage, Tackle, Blocks, &e. at their old stand, No. 27 MAIN STREET, Nevada. Nevada, Aug. 15—tf C. W. Young, MANUFACTURING JEWELER, WATCHMAKER AND DEALER IN All kinds of Fine Watches, DIAMOND WORK & CUTLERY Old stand—Commercial street, Nevada.—/ wx. S. McRowenrts, M. i. FUNSTON. McRoberts & Funston, Dealers in Groceries, Liquors WINES & MINERS’ SUPPLIES. Havef removed to ¥ . 89 Broad Street, Nevada. NEXT DOOR TO THE POST OFPICE. Come and see us. Charles H. Bain, ARCHITECT AND BUILDER, ARPENTERING donein the best style and with des / patch: Billiard Tables repaired and all kinds of FanWork. Reasonable thankful fer past favors andsolic ts continuance of thesame. Shop in the rear of Williamson & Dawley's Banking House. 16-tf . Wood! Wood!! Seasoned and Green Wood! . YHINGLES and Boards, 3 feet in length on hand and + for sale. . . Job Hauling done at any time at reasonable rates. i 3 Fr. C. PURTYMUY, Boulder street Nowada, Ang. 2, 1256,--if j and now ontstanding . this Acts j this Act, as y the conpons. n under sanction law, for civil expenses prior to January first. A. D. 1857, lunpaid, but the lL net authorize the fandi warrants, the were visi dorsem< ment of t or warrar provisions of f any of those at of which last uird, Just ned prior to Jannuahich may 1 and audited by atur And if the Treas i a n yon cla 4 ye void. claims specified in ceived for funding, and bonds the prior to the first day of January. . wards: a that time, are ex and such blar il then remain o1 in the of the Governor, urer, See. 13This Act shall tak November, A. D. 1857, as to 1 those relating to, and necessary for, its submission to the people, and for returning. canvassing and proclaiming the votes—which shall take effect immediately. ° See. 14. This Act shal! be submitted to the the State for their ratification, at the ral election, to be holden on the first Wednesday of September, A.D. 1857, and the qualified electors of this State, shall, at said election, on their ballots for State officers, vote for or against this Act: those voting for the same, s write or have printed on their ballots, the words “* Pay the Debt;” and those voting against the same, shail write orhave printed on their ballots the words “ Repnchate the Debt.” See 15. The votes cast for and against this Act. shall be counted, re rnvassed, and declared, in the same © the same rules as votes cast for th , and ifit appear thata ofall the votes so cast for or against this law as afore l,or in favor of th et, then the same shall have effect as hereinbe vided, and shall be irrepealable until the prine linterest ofthe liabilities herein created shall be paid and arged, and the Govern i make m thereof; but if a majority against this Act, then the same shall become vi = Sec. 16. Its presé people of next g ty of the Secretary of State newspaper in each Jube published therein, c the general election to i first Wednesday of September next; for which publication, no greater allowance shall be made than the rates allow Approved April 28th, 1 to have this Act put dicial District of th for three months next pre¢ be holden upon the 1 by law tothe State Printer. REMOVAL. GREGORY & SPARKS, J OULD respectfully inform their friends and the y pubiic in general that they have removed to the Brick Building. on Main Street, Under the Nevada Journal Office, Where they haveon hand, and will constantly keep, a j well seteected stock, embracing every article belonging to their line of business, of the best quality to be had in the market below. They give a ceneralinvitation to all to eallrnd see them. To their old friends and customers they retarn their thanks for past favors, and solicita continuance of the same. ‘They have Groceries, Provisions, Preserved Fruits, @ Can Fruits All of which will be sold as low 1 free of charg and see us. e¥ Xx ais. Marca > Crockery, a niog Tools, e the lowest, and deena EAE IE A 7. = [From our Extra of Friday.] BY TELEGRAPH TO THE NENADA JOURNAL. Arrival of the Golden Age. TWO WEEKS LATER FROM THE ATLANTIC STATES and EUROPE. By the arrival of the mail steamer Golden Age we are in possession of dates from New York to July 6th. GENERAL INTELLIGENCE. The Postmaster General and the President have decided upon the route of the overland mail to California. It commences at St. Louisand Memphis,thence to Ifittle Rock, thence to the Rio Grand near Fort Fillmore or Dona Ana, thence along the projective Wagon Road to Fort Yuma, thence to San Francisco. Messrs. Butterfield & Co. are the contractors and the sum of $595,000 is alThis provides for the transporTHE NEVADA JOURNAL. . lowed. . tation of a mail twice a week. . The New York Court of Appeal had pronounced by a vote of six to two in favor of the legality of the New York Metropolitan Police Act. In view of the abrogation of the municipal police forces by the operation of the decision of the court of appeals the entire body was to a man formally discharged by order of the Mayor. Al the station houses and other police property still remain in the uands of the police captains, who employ one officer and two door keepers to guard the property in the proceedings against of the and for contempt of court, he was fully j . ; al. Mayor of New York. For inciting a riot . . . exonerated, the judges holding that he only acted in the discharge of his duty as Mayor of the city. Five of the persons engaged in the Plug Ugly Riot in Washington, had been convicted; two had fled from justice, and three senienced to ene year’s . imprisonment. The Republicans of Maine met in State Convention on the 28th of June, and nominated Lott M. Morrill of Bangor as their candidate for Governor.— Next day the Democrats nominated W. . 'H. Smith of Warren county as their i candidate for Governor. The Montreal left Quebee at 4 0’clock in the afternoon of the 4th of July . for Montreal, having on board between (four and five hundred passengers.— When abreast of Cape Rogue, the wood work of the furnaces was discovered to be on fire, and at the same moment the flames burst forth, causing the utmost consternation. ‘The flames spread with great rapidity, and numbeys of the passengers precipitated themselves into the river and were drowned. The steamers Napoleon and Allianee went to the rescue, and the former took off 127 passengers, several of whom subsequently died . of their wounds. Capt. Rudolph of the Montreal, and the purser swam to the Alliance, and were saved. Kansas Quter.—Maj. Davis, assis. tant adjutant general, U.S. Army, had just arrived from Kansas, and reports the complete success of Gov. Walker lin tranquilizing that territory, and pro. ducing a law-abiding feeling among the No further difficulty is apprehended, and the immigration to the territory will be heavy this fall and winter. . On the 4th of July a bloody riot oceurred in the bloody sixth ward between a gang calling themselves “the Dead Rabbits” and the Bowery Boys in Baird Tire arms were settlers. street near Mulberry. freely used and seven persons killed and twenty-five or thirty wounded. In the twelfth and thirteenth wards there were also serious affrays, in which a number of persons, including a policeman, were badly injured. . he fight was renewedin the Sixth -. Ward when aterrible conflict took place between t¥o factions and eleven persons were shot, many of whom are supposed to be fatally wounded. The police did all they could to suppress the riot but they were totally insufficient to protect themselves from the fury of the mob, and had it not been for the presence of the military in the very heart of the Rioters strongholds there is no knowing where the matter would have ended. Eater.—12 o’clock.—The riots are at an end but still much excitement exists. "The Coroners are engaged in holding the inquests, but as yet nothing of importance has been elicited. A number of arrests were made this morning. Two more of the rioters have died within the past three hours. Very Latest—Our New York cortes. pondent under date of 12} o'clock, July Gth, states that i5 persons including the policeman, Bowery boys and Rabbits, . are dead, and eighty are known to be wounded. William L. Marey is no more. He was found deadin his room at Ballstone, on July 4th. He closed his 70th year in December last. ee I RE HE SRT STO CE AIR MMOS TENN ee : } been appointed . Collector of Customs at Sacramento vice Sacket removed. The Interior department of the government learns that the Ranch Rio de Los Americanos in California has been confirmed to J. L. Folsom. The Fernandes Rancho containing seventeen thousand and eighty acres has been confirmed to D. L. Fernandez and others. The instructions relative to the operations of troops now detailed for Utah have been completed. It is designed by the Goverment to create a separate military department of

the territory under the command Gen. Harney who will have a force of nearly 3,000 men fully equipped in the field. Col. Jack Hays now Surveyor General of California, it is said will be transferred to Utah ina similar capacity. Col. Richardson has resigned the Governorship of Nebraska, and Gov. Izzard will return to the territory and resume his duties in that capacity. The Levenworth [Kansas] Journal announces that the twelve regular democratic candidates have been elected by an average of 420. The average vote of the independents was 752. Gen. Concha has been removed from the Governor Generalship of Cuba. Gen. La Sunde is his successor. Wm. Cary Jones, son-in-law of exSenator Benton, and Mr. Harris. son-inlaw of Com. Morgan have passed thro’ Panama on their way to Costa Rica.— The latter was accompanied by Mr. Webster, one of the late Costa Rican envoys to our Wall street fillibusters and the would be grantee of his own account of the Nicaragua Transit Route. The Nicaragua routeis the stakes for which they are laying their plans. The former for Vanderbilt. The latter for Morgan. A treaty has been negotiated and will shortly be concluded between our Goyernment and Nicaragua which will be entirely satisfactory to United States.— The object which is to open the Nicaragua Transit Route. There will be no recognition of the fillibustering Commodores, in fact they were perfectly ignorThe route will be placed by Nicaragua upon a permanent basis and the ed. rights of American citizens protected. In consequence of non-payment of interest on Calitornia Bonds they have gone down to 56 and 57 cents. Our European dates are to 24th June. EXNGLAND.—A very lively discussion has taken place in the House of Commons on the bombardment of Greytown, in consequence of the action of Lord Hamilton who rose to ask what steps her majesty’s government had taken to obtain compensation for the British subjects residing at Greytown when the town was bombarded in 1854, and if it would lay upon the table of the House copies of the correspondence that had taken place on the subject, with the government of the U.S. The process of shipping the cable on board the Agamemnon at Greenwich was going briskly forward, and attracted large numbers of distinguished visitors. Up to Saturday, June 20th, 98 miles of the coil had been taken on board the Agamemnon. The manufacture of the cable was nearly completed. Its total was to be 2550 miles. The U.S. frigate Niagara had arrived in the Mersey, and the process of shipping the cable on board of her was to commence forthwith. The elections had closed in France The laboring classes in Paris had exhibited much interest in the election, which was understood te have been favorable to the government candidates. The results had not been definitely ascertained. Spain.—More troops had been sent to Havana. The position of the Mexican question was still believed to be very unsatisfactory, and no nearer to an adjustment. A telegraphic dispatch from Madrid on the 20th June seys : Spain determined to make herself respected by Mexico. CenrrRaAL AMERICA.—Costa Rica dates to the 4th of July; from Nicaragua to the 33d of May; from San Salvador to the 24th of June; from Guatemala to the 10th of June. American Consul at La Union died on board the Panama on the 7th inst., whi'e the ship was lying at Punta Arenas. There were about 350 of Walker’s déserters still at Sanjose, and 44 in Punta Arenas. : Nicaracua.—On the 23d, Maj. Gen. Seovala, commander in chief of the Guatemala forces in Nicaragua entered the government house ia Leon and grossly insulted the President Rivas in person, by the use of the most offensive language, and even threatened to hang him. By the intervention of Gen. Barrios of Salvador the matter was temporarily arranged, and Gen. Seovala, with his forces was ordered to leave the city. Since that date President Rivas was deposed. Generals Martinez and Xerez were appointed provisional Presidents . until a general election takes place.—. to bring up the shot to which the twine The country appears to be in a most unsettled state, and the result of the Presidential election is auxiously looked for. San Sarvapor.—A revolution had raged in San Salvador. Gen. Barries late commander of the Salvadoran forces in Nicaragua made an unsuccessful attempt to get up a revolution against the President. He subsequently submitted, and the revolution ended. The Paths of the Sea, The following will give some idea of the eloquent lecture of Lieutenant Maury on “The Paths of the Sea,” recently delivered in the principal cities in the U.S. Wonders of the Sea-Bottom.—But let us pass from the deep above to the deep below. The lead is let down to the bottom of the sea, and it is curious to see the work that is going én there. Beautiful cora] islands are built up there; perhaps a part of a one, if we could dissect it, would be found to have come down tke Mississippi, from the Rocky Mountains, or to have been borne upon the besom of the great Amazon, from the tropics of South America; or, indeed, parts in that island may have come from every part of the world, by routes which, if we could trace them, would seem wonderfully long and strange. Inthe cell which one of these little animaleul has built for itself, we should recognize a part of the Table Rock from Niagara, and sand from the Holy Mountains. It may contain matter from the Euphrates, from the sunny plains of southern Europe, from the battle fields of the Danube and the Nile. or from the soil of classic Italy. We know all this, hecause mariners have told us of the islands these corals have built up; they seem to have been at work in the sea ever since the waters were gathered together in one place, and looking at the work they have done, the islands that have been built up, we havea proof of their eternal diligence and perseverance. It appears that we had no idea of the operations that were carried on in the depths of the sea till we began to explore it with lead and line, and now it seems a great charnel-house. Every body who has stood upon the shore of the sea has desired to fly away upon its waves, and learn what there is beyond it; or, if possible, to dive below, and learn what there is beneath: it. Depth of the Ocean.—TVill recently all was conjecture about the depth and formation of the bottom of the sea; it was supposed that it might be as deep asa mountain is high; but as to the character of the bottom, they left that to poets’ brains to picture. Some supposed it scattered over with gold, gems, anchors, dead men’s bones, ete., but Brooke's . lead teaches a different story; it shows that all such things are covered up and buried, deep down, wany feet, by shells and animaleule. Every-where where this admirable sounding apparatus of Brooke has been, in has brought up shells and the corpses of the dead. A single quill may bring up thousands— nay, millions of these shells; they are so small that it requires the minutest microscope to discover them; they cannot be seenwhenalive. The bottom of the deep is covered over with their carcasses ; they have obeyed the commandment which was given on the fifth day: “Multiply and bring forth abundantly.” Never before now does history give an . account of any attempt being made to measure the depth of the sea. Chance circumstances caused me to attempt it, and thinking it might result in good, I continued the attempt. Congress then passed an act directing the Secretary of the Navy to set apart and direct one vessel to continue these soundings for the purpose of assisting in perfecting these discoveries, and also to allow the whole navy to assist in making the investigation in so far as they could without interfering with their proper duties. In order to get at the bottom of the sea, they got some common twine and tied a thirty-two pound ball to it; ihen letting it down into the sea, they waited to see how much line would run out, and considered the length of that line measured the depth of the sea at that point. "The twine and ball were leftinthe sea. As soon as the deep sea soundings were commenced, we found we were in a new field; we found that system would not do; experiment showed us that when the cannon ball was at the bottom the twine continued to run out, and that the larger the ball the slower the twine would run. ‘The difficulty of getting it down was not because of the increased density of the waiter, since that can only be compressed very slightly, but because that when the cannon-ball had gone down a mile, it had to drag a mile of twine after it. Then we used the same kind of twine and the same weight of ball for every experiment, but we found sometimes that the twine would never run out. A vessel one day was sent out to take soundings, or measure the depth of the sea at a particular spot; they began at sunrise, and, as the captain was a very patient man, they staid there till sunset, the twine still running out, so they came back and said they guessed there was no bottom there.— This was before we discovered the under currents. Instruments for Examining the Bottom of the Sea.—By tle use of proper . leads we now know the structure of the bottow of the sea along the North Pacific, as well as along the Atlantic. The most peculiar thing in the North Atlantic is a ridge from Newfoundland to England, which is called the telegraph plateau. The deepest point along that route is about two miles. Having learned this, we must next get some plan to . prove to the people that we had reached the bottom of the sea, and knew its composition and geography. We tried . tom. was fastered, but the twine was not strong enoug, and if we used a larger one it was too heavy for the shot to carry down. Hence we have the invention of Brooke’s excellent apparatus. the shot is hollowed, with a long reed running through it; there are quills in this reed; now, the shot is left at the bottom, but the quills and reeds are drawpv up. ‘Tbe apparatus is so arranged that the moment the end of the reed —which extends six or eight inches beyond the ball—touches the bottom the shot falls off, and the rest can be easily drawn up. Provided with these instruments and facilities a ship was sent out to the ocean to take soundings, and it discovered better than gems and pearls at the bottom of the sea—it discovered the telegraph plateau which is to unite the Old and New World. The quills, on coming up, contained skeletons of sea insects of micriscopic minuteness; these were sent to West Poiut, and particularly examined by Professor Bailey. The specimens from the calm sea, from the Gulf of Mexico, from the Gulf Stream, all evidently consist of one family. and are of one kind. When Professor Bailey examined the matter brought from the telegraph plateau, he found voleanic cinders in it. We could not account for it at first; we knew that the voleanoes of South America had east their cinders as far as Cuba; butif they came from that source, we would have found them in the Gulf Stream; so it was useless to look there for an explanation. It was next suggested that those cinders lying just along the track of the European steamers might be the ashes from those boats; so Professor Bailey told me to get him some cinders from the ash-pits of the Baltic and the Pacific. After giving them a careful and critical examination, he established the gratifying fact that steamboais are not voleanoes. ‘The source of these cinders still remains a mystery; but they show that the matter there lies as soft as down at the bottom of the deep sea. . There is no motion or disturbing force there. Indeed, these soundings suggest . the idea that the sea, like the snow cloud with its flakes in a calm, is always letting fall upon its bed showers of mieroscopic shelis; and we may readily imagine that the “sunless wrecks” which strew its bottom are, in the process of ages, hid under this fleecy covering, presenting the rounded appearance which is seen over the body of the traveler who has perished in the snowstorm. Still ef the Ocean Depths.—The ocean, especially within and near the tropics, swarms with life. The remains of its myriads of moving things are conveyed by currents, and seattered and lodged in the course of time all over its boiThis process. continued for ages, has covered the depth of the ocean as with a mantle, consisting of organism as . delicaie as the immaculate frost, and as light as the undrifted snow-flake on the mountains. Whenever this beantiful sounding rod has reached the bottom of . ue the deep sea, whether in the Atlantic or Pacific, the bed of the ocean has been found of a down-like softness. The lead appears to sink many feet deep into the oozy matter there, which has been strained and filtered through the sea water. This matter consists of the skeletons and casts of insects of the sea, of microscopic minuteness. The currents do not reach down to the bottom . of the deep sea; there are no abrading agents at work here, save alone the gnawing tooth of time; a rope of sand, if stretched upon the bed of the ocean, would be a cable strong enough to hold the longest telegraphic wire that art . ean draw. At the bottom of the sea there is a protecting cushion of still wa. ter. We have had soundings in the! Gulf Stream, and every thing at the bottom there is as stillasthe grave. If the stream, with its current of four miles . an hour, reached to the bottom of the sea, it would have torn up or worn} through the surface of the earth, and we would have gone down to the molten interior. We see in the Table Rock, at Niagara, what 3 small stream constantly wearing away will do. A Tlarp Case.—The people have a hard time in this little world of ours. Even in matters of religion there is a vast difference between Lazarus and Dives, as the following anecdote will illustrate : Old Billy G had attended a great revival, and in common with many others, he was “converted” and baptised. Not many weeks afterwards, one of his neighbors met him reeling home from the court ground with a considerable brick in his hat. “Hello, Uncle Billy,” said the friend, “I thought you had joined the church.” “So I did,” answered Uncle Billy. making a desperate effort to stand still, “so I did Jeemes, and would a bina good Baptis if they hadn’t treated me so everlasting mean at the water. Didn’t you never hear ‘bout it, Jeemes 1” “Never did.” “Then I'll tell you "bout it: You see, when we come to the baptizin place, thar was me and old Jonks, the rich old ’Squire, war to be dipped at the} same time. Well, the minister tuck the squire in fust, but I didnt mind that much, as I thought it would be jest as good when I cum; go he led him in, ani after dippin’ him under, he raised him up mity keerful and wiped his face and lea him out. Then comes my turn, and instead of lifting me out like he did the Squire, he give me one slosh, and left me crawlin’ about on the bottom like a d—n-d mud turkle I’ i= A man’s wealth depends more on his wife than his income, Some women will cause thoir husbands to become rich on five hundred a year—others can scarcely keep out of jail on five thousand. Saving has made more fortures than getting. . mpre heart-rending . pers take a queer method of measurine . Bobert Emmet and his Love. loa the evening of a lovely day— the last day of the noble and ill-fated Emmet. A young girl stood at the castle gate an(l desired admittance into the dungeon. Bhe was closely veiled and the ktéeper could not imagine who she was, nor that any one of such proud bearing should be an humble applicant at the prison door. However, he granted the boon, led her to the dungeon, opened the massive iron door, then closed it again, and the lovers were alone. He was leaning against the prison wall, with a downcast head, and his arms were folded upon his breast. Gently she raised the veil from her face, and Emme: turned to gaze upon all that earth eontained for hin—the girl whose sunny brow in the days of boyhood had been his polar star—the maiden who made him sometimes think the world was all sunshine. he clanking of the chains sounded like a deathknell to her ears, and she wept like a child. Emmet said but little, yet he pressed her warmly to his bosom, and their feelings held a silent meeting— such a meeting, perchance, as is held in heaven only, when we meet to part no more. Ina low voice he besought her not to forget him when the cold grave received his inanimate body. He spoke of by-gone days, the happy hours of childhood. when his hopes were bright and glcrious—and he concluded by requesting her to sometimes visit the places and scenes that were hallowed to his memory from the days of his childhood; and though the world might pronounce his name with scorn and contempt, he prayed she should still cling to him when all others shonld forget. Hark! the church bell sounded, and he remem bered the hour of execution. The turnkey entered, and after dashing the tears from his eyes, he separated them from their long embrace, and led the lady from the dungeon. At the entrance she turned and their eyes met—they could not say farewell. The door hung upon its heavy hinges, and they parted foreyer. No, not forever; is there nota Heaven ? . At sunrise next morning he suffered gloriously, a martyr te his country and liberty. And one—o’er her the myrtle showers Its leaves, by soft winds fanned; She faded, ’midst I an flowers— The last of their fair band. "Twas in the land of Italy; it was the rgeous time of sunset in Italy. What gnificent scene! <A pale, emaciated Oh, it om perrennial, and the ba’my air qmes freshiy to the pining soul. Oh, ; her stars are set; the brightness of r dream had faded; her heart was mtoken. When ties have been formed earth—close. burning ties— what ts and agonizing to the at last, the beloved sjjirits than to find, ‘ « floweret.” Enough; she died the betrothed of Robert Emmet—the lovely Sarah Curran. Italy eqntains her last remains, its flowers breathe their fragrance over her grave, and the lulling notes of the shepherd’s lute sound a requiem to her memory. + LONG Speecues.—The Boston paeloquence. They give the following particulars of the speeches in the late Dalton divorce suit: “Mr. Choate’s argument in behalf of Mrs. Dalton, occupied fifty four feet of solid matter, and by lineal measuremenc would reach a quarter of a mile. Mr. Dana’s argument on the other side, would more than go half way round Boston Common, and these two speeches, together with Mr. Durant’s opening address and Judge Merrick’s charge would wore than reach around the common }and the publie garden.” Yet the longest speech effected the least execution, Mr. Choate carrying it two of tho jury with him, with his two furlongs of talk.” Arctic Scenes on Lake Sureriong: +The steamer Lady Elgin arrived at Chicago on the 16th ult., from Superior, which port she left on the 12th. She met with much impeciment from ice.— At Grand Island the ice extended from shore to shore, but after a delay ef two days she managed to force her way througn the pack. Marquette was still closed with ice, and in some places it lay in masses ef twenty or thirty feet in thickness, strongly reminding the beholders of the Arctic seenes so graphically described by Dr. Kane. Any one desirous of experiencing the rigors of the Arctic regions can do so with little trouble if they take an early start to the north-west by way of Lake Superior. Huge fields of ice almost in the middle of June, and which will not probably have disappeared before the middle of July, may not again obstruct the naviation of the lake at the same season or the next century. Tue Quickest Raitroap Tratn 1s AmeErIca.—The Michigan Central Railroad Company are now running a lightning train from Chicago to Detroit daily upon their single track, which for speed and regularity is unequalled on any road in America. The train leaves thicago at 6 A. M., makes ten stops, nd reaches Detroit at 3 o’clock P. M. aking that place in 9 hours from Chicago, including stops, a distanee of 282 miles. The first day on which this rain came through, the 25th of May, it arrived at the Detroit Depot on time, te the very minute, and since then hae been promptly up to time, each dayThis is quicker time, by some two or hree miles an hour, than is made upon either the New York Central or the Hudson River roads, both of which have a double track. Under this state of facts the people of Michigan may welt point with pride and satisfaction to the ‘Michigan Central Railroad as one of the i best roads in the United States,