February 26, 1858 (4 pages)

_ ee — PES IE ET TET —————————$—— = < Re OB the WAT a aeinl a tel Soe be Apa <= 2 VOL. 7. NO. 40. Che Hebada Journal. PUBLISHED BY N.P. BROWN & Co. B. G. WAITE. N. P. BROWN, OFFICE—No, 16 MAIN STREET. TERMS: For ONE YRAR..--4-sabthehb wanes ree 7,00 For Stx MonTHs. ---4,00 i ge age MR Eat ari ibe alent 2,00 Stnare Cortes.. ects hed ape. Buchanan's Administration Arraigned. A SPEECH DELIVERED ON JAN.8, 1858, ATA MASS MEETING OF THE FREE DEMOCRACY OF ST. LOUIS, BY B. GRATZ BROWN, ESQ. James Buchanan, the now President of the United States, came into power under the very shadow of the name of Jackson, and under the belief that was held by the democratic masses of the people of this country, that he would at least restore the party to its former integrity. vindicate iis old principles, and administer the Federal Government in aczordande with the recognized orthodox faith. The Administration of poor Pierce had divorced jhe people from the party, and reduced it to a miserable minority everywhere ; but, loth to leave their first love, upon the first sign of repentanee—upon the substitution of a man of Jackson’s day—they returned with eagerness ; and the Democratic party again triumphed. But that is all. Not quite twelve months have elapsed, and we witness the first act of the new President to bea recommendation that Congress shall force upon the people of an infant Territory a State Government in opposition to their will, and in defiance of their almost unanimous protest So violent is their indignation, that the mere announcement of this programme upon the floor of the Senate has excited the yeomanry of Kansas well nigh to civil war and revolution. The technical forms and constructive powers and official recognitions are pleaded in justification by the Executive; but what are forms or powers or recognitions in manifest conflict with the will of the people? It is insult to the very womb from which the party sprung. It is treason to the great names who consecrated their lives and labors to its success. It is profanity against the ritual, and heresy against the creed, and sacrilege against the divinity of alldemocracy If perpetuated, popular supremacy, the milk that nurtured its infancy, will distill a poison that will sink it festering into a dishonored grave. But shift the scene, and what next? The advent of the present Administration was signalized by the announcement of thirty millions and more of specie inthe vaults. And yet before the Message, giving flattering accounts of the financial condition of the Government, was read in remote parts of the Union, the representatives of National Democracy in Congress forestall public sentiment, not less than public need, by demanding a total departure from the Sub-Treasury system, the issue of ten millions of paper, and its conversion into a Federal currency. Instead of gold and silver, it deals now in notes of one hundred dollars and upward, payable—never, or at least at an uncertain date. The specie basis of the Government is discarded, and that not from necessity but from choice—while uncertain issues of vast outlines, taxing the industry of the country in their rise and fall, loom forth from the future as the medium of its disbursement. Does this comport with democratic principles as recognizedin the past? I leave the answer tothe national debt that will accumulate, the domestic revulsions that will be entailed, and the foreign wars that will be invited and encouraged by the change. Turn again and see those who assume the party leadership. Chosen by the people because he was not the choice of Southern Secessionists, Mr. Buchanan has scarcely entered upon the discharge of the duties of his high place before we find his Cabinet the merest tools uttering the edicts of the latter, and the President himself surrendering his entire administration to their dictation. Davis, and Hunter, and Toombs, in the Senate, Quitman, and Orr, and Keitt, and Stephens, in the House, now speak in the name of Democracy, and shape all administrative measures, from the pacification of the Territories to the protection of the Transit route, and non interference in Central American affairs. As well set hawks to guard sparrows. Whoarethey? Iam asked. They are each and all men wedded to the idea of a dissolution of the Confederacy and the formation of a Southern Republic. Not one of them whose age goes back so far but wears the scarof blows which Jackson dealt at the first nullification. Beyond the precincts of the Capitol, too, a still more sinister prospect greets the eye. The chief applause that encourages the President’s policy comes from South Carolina, while the dread of Mississippi goads him on to perseverance. His predecessor, bad as he was, preserved a semblance of respect for his position as the head of the nation. Mr. Pierce accredited The Union as his mouth-piece ; Mr. Buchanan recognizes only The South as his organ. Imagine, then, a solemn sitting of all that company at Washington who uow presume to wear the official robes of the Democracy of the United States, and how like a crash of live thunder, if uttered in their midst, would reverberate those words of Jackson, “Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.” One other parallel remains; that which touches the Federal Constitution. If any inference could have been drawn more reasonable than another in regard to Mr. Buchanan's course in the Executive Chair, it would nave been affirmed that the same timidity which had characterized his past THE life, would have rendered him most unwilling to hazard extreme views in regard to constitutional questions. But all signs of dry weather fail when it rains. ‘The statesman who doubted on the bank, and hedged on the tariff, and quailed before nullification, is no sooner in power than he indulges in the largest latitude of construction. The most strained extra-judicial dicta of the Supreme Court become the texts of his public responses. The Dred Seott decision, which in substance declares that the Constitution perambulates the whole country with a negro on its back, is so clear to his strabismical vision that he does not see how it could ever have been doubted. Powers of Congress so well settled heretofore by the practice of the Government and the approval of every President from Washington to Polk, that they were never called in question, are now elaborately ignored by his Administration; while others never dreamed of during the first half of the present century are now found creeping out of every clause of the Federal compact, and indiscriminately resorted to in defense of his ultraisms. Mr. Madison thought it “wrong to admit in the Constitution the idea that there could be property in men,” and the phrase was avoided. Mr. Buchanan can understand “domestic relations” ina law of Congress to refer to Slavery alone, and that interpretation is to be erforced at the point of the bayonet. And do such positions embody the Democratic notion of a@ strict construction? it would be an arrant piece of absurdity, as weil as knavery, to assert such a proposition. Thus, then, we perceive how, one by one, all the unities that attached the masses of the people to the party have been sundered—how its zreat and lead ing principles have been violated—how the fonndations of its support have been undermined. The Administration of James Buchanan has been but a Democratic grave-yard—wherein we see the Hitting forms of popular sovereignty, the Treasury system, the National Union, and the Constitution itself, like sheeted ghosts, hurrying along to the land of shadows. It may be remarked, however, my Demoeratic friends, that progress is equally au incident to true democracy, and that, tried by other standards than those of usage and custom and precedent, the conduct of the present Admiuistration will be found more worthy of estimation, and more consonant to the welfare of the whole country. I acknowledge the force of the proposition, and to show my sincerity will consider it in other lights than tnat of lineal descent. Bastardy, I know, although it might establish a forfeiture, does not alyays imply a lack of foree and vigor. Waive then the question of illegitimacy, and how does the matter stand? We have reviewed it in the abstract, let us consider it inthe concrete. It has been judged as a whole, examine it in separate parts. Has the conduct of the various branches of the public service been so praiseworthy that the Democracy should overlook all faults, and extend clemency to the President and his advisers? Has the fame of our arms been enhanced? Has American diplomacy awakened the jealousy of Europe? Have the operations of the Treasury the homage of the Rothschilds and the Barings? Have the regulations of the postal routes and the rendition of mail facilities made martyrs of all village postmasters? Few, I judge, would hazard an answer to these questions in the affirmative. On the contrary, the bureaus present evidences of inefficiency, tardiness, routine that would do no discredit to the Circumlocution Office itself. Look at the War Department. presided over by a gentleman, very amiable he may be, but possessed of neither the knowledge, the military genius, nor the oficial familiarity to set a squadron in the field. A Territory situated in the heart of the Continent is ir. open rebellion against the laws and Government of the United States, and he is called upon to furnish an army for Utah. Ile is apprised in advance of the difticulties of approach, of the long distance to be traversed, ot the numbers of the hostile tribes, the severity of exposure on the plains, and consequently ample time is given him for making all necessary preparation. Whatisthe result? Political views are sufficient to control the sense of what is due to his executive position, and the troops selected in the Spring for the expedition are detained during the summer to surround the voting precincts in Kansas, and are then thrown forward to Winter unsupported amid the passes of the Rocky Mountains. If we are to judge of that army of Utah from the extent of ground it occupies, it is certainly greater than the army of Xerxes, The advance of fifteen hundred men is beyond Fort Bridger, the rear of three thousand men is at Fort Leavenworth—more than twelve hundred miles apart—while between them are only two companies of dragoons, situated at Fort Laramie, to keep open the communications. Nor is this al, Encamped in the valley of Henry’s Fork, half the men unfit for duty, the supply trains destroyed by scouting parties, the giass burned before them, their animals perishing im the snows, hostile tribes of Indians jn the rear, and a foe of five times their number in front, ready to seize upon the first favorable moment for descent, what other prospect has it than annihilation ? Talk of an early reinforcement in the Spring. Yes, when the Government can reanimate the bleaching bones, or re-collect the scattered remains of that detachment, it may perhaps be done, but not till then. Should active hostilities ensue within four months, few will return to tell the tale of disaster. Fearful, indeed, and portentious is the responsibility which impends over the head of that eabinet officer for his glaring neglects, and still more heartless action. The lives of the soldiers of the republic NE VADA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 26, 1858. are dear to the hearts of the people, and the death of evéry man who, worn, exhausted, and stricken by exposure, lies down on the frozen earth, with the Winter wind for a winding sheet, will be visited with indignant censure upon that incompetent minister. Cold official forms and the routine of the business may be paraded to work oblivion, just as the sifting snows may spread an icy pall over the new-made graves in yonder passes; but as the grass will grow rankest from those platoon burial places with the first upheaval of nature, so popular indignation, which is now germinating silence, will soon burst the cerements in which it has been laid, and find its expression in execrating the man that has suffered an army to be sacrificed. He cannot shun then that responsibility ; he may not deafen his ear to the ery of the widew and the orphan; and if his soul is ever touched with remorse, his cheek will blanch as the ghosts of his murdered victims circle in long procession around his midnight conch. I wish, however, to invoke no vengeance. Let public opinion deal out to him the strict measure of justice, and let me proceed to note other matters connected with the management of military affairs. Ip Florida, a third of the disposable forces of the Government have been latterly employed, and that too ia the face of pressing demands for troops for Utah, in hunting fugitive squaws through the everglades and trying to capture a band of Indians, so few in number that each soldier can call over their names from memory. Notwithstanding ail this, Billy Bowlegs is still master of the occasion. In ‘Texas, too, a like system of concentration is maintained, to give the benefit of expenditure to favorites while a Camanche alarm is spread abroad semiannually to keep up the delusion. The regular army is, without doubt. brave, the officers well qualified for their command, and the service they render all that could be expected from such dispositions. The fault of this inconsequence, unconnectedness, and resultless, though expensive service, lies, as has always been said, with the Secretary of War himself. He refuses to avail himself of those arms of service that would terminate this Rip Van Winkle state of hostilities in six months’ time, and goes on from month to month adding millions to the estimates for treops that desert as soon as enlisted, for the manufacture of arms that are never to be used, and the transportation of grain and forage a thousand miles away, to the best grazing country in the world. He refuses to accept ten thonsand volunteers ready to enter the service to-day, and calls upon Congress for five new regiments, that will require a year to recruit. The seeret, and the whole secret is, that the latter will give more patronage to the department than the former. The department of State to which I may next call your attention embraces a supervision of civil domestic administration, as well as the relations between our Government and foreign powers. First, review the successive blunders that have marked every movement connected with home affairs. In the Territorial policy that has prevailed, if it were possible fr the Presidential term of Franklin Pierce to be rendered respectable, by comparison, that has been done by his successor, Not only has that primary requisite to all republican government—+he consent of the governed —been totally ignored, but to such a paralytic condition has this fatal department reduced the civil service, that we now witness the startling spectacle of its entire dependence upon the military arm for enforcement. Governors go forth now to the ‘Territories to which they aro nominated as did the Pro-Consuls of the Roman Empire, surrounded with all the pomp and circumstance of war. Dragoons are the constabulary force—armed soldiers in uniform § surround the election precincts—aid-decamps are bearers of dispatches between Executive officers and the Department of State. Nor is this all. Vacillation accompanies paralysis. The Governor sent forth with such parade a six months since, with full and written instructions, no sooner attempts to carry them out in good faith than he falls decapitated by the very power that appointed him. His successor steps into his place and ventures to call together the representatives ofthe people, in order that peace may be preserved, when forthwith the lightniig Hashes back from Washington his removal likewise. A more thorough-bred partisan 1s dispatehed to the scene, and the whole country is now in expectancy to know how far this latest favorite of the Administration will sueceed in enslaving a free community of American citizens. But I venture the prediction that his failure will be even greater than that of those who went before him. I firmly believe there is uot the power on earth that cap, in this day and generation, and in this land consecrated to political independence, crush out the stubborn resistance of free American citizens, and yoke upon their necks the ga'ling servitude of a local government that tley repudiate and seorn. The paths and precedents of tyranny have not been trodden so far as yet, in this Republic—-and if attempted, the spirit of °76 which achieved one revolution, will awaken after its slumber of four score years, and perpetuate another. The head of the Department may _persist in refusing to recognize the people, and continue the ensanguined attempt at coercion, but the diplomatic threads which he weaves industriously around them to trammel their aetion will prove as impotent to stay their course as the spider web to entangle a giant. Need 1 say, in addition, how utterly irreeoncilable such administration is with true statesmanship, how imbecile the contemplated settlement, how disgraeeful the speetacle presented? One Territory in open revoit, another on the eve of rebellion, officials flying for their lives from . the presence of the citizens, successive Governors who oceupy the vanishing points in the dark perspective, the in structions of each countermanded before execution, or else disavowed so soon as put in practice, no method even in all this madness, and the Secretary of State himself turned, not into stone, but into a standing apology for the accumulated embarrassments that render ridiculous the Home Government. I have not heart to enter forther into the minutie of this miserable domestic complexity. The country is wearied of it, and demands reform ; patriots detect in the embitterance of sectional feeling, danger to the Union, as it is known that the nullifiers are seeking opportunity to precipitate the issue by vacating their seats as representatives; only the Administration keeps alive the enkindled strife, refuses all equitable adjustment, and thrusts its Lecompton fraud anew into the face of the nation. Again, turn to the other branch—the office of Foreign affairs. Fortunately we are at peace with our neighbors, and have acquired in the past the respect of the world. The only part of our diplomacy which presents any entangled controversy is that which relates to the Central American question. When Mr. Buchanan was a candidate, it was proclaimed as his greatest achievement that he had at last solved this intricate problem in a manner creditable to our honor as a nation; but no sooner does the first Congress meet than we find it further from adjustment than ever. England sends over aspecial Envoy ; France indicates dissatisfaction ; the Transit route is taken possession of by aparty of fillibusters from our own shore—a United States District Attorney at New Orleans is dismissed for letting them escape—and a Naval Commodore is threatened with a court-martial for bringing them back. What the end will be no man can tell. General Walker is now holding his levees at Washington. Secretary Cass informs him blandly that he declines to receive his arrest. The President justifies the capture, but opposes the principle. The Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs in the Senate insist that he be sent backina national vessel, and the Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs in the House moves for a repeal of the Neutrality laws. In the meanwhile, out of the fog there loom up thickening diplomatic difficulties, to be molned at the proper time into an excuse for conquests, and an apology for annexations. The President of peace, as he was called, calmly elaborates a giant schedule of war. And herelet me say that while our fair fame has suffered reproach in the eyes of Europe from the inability or unwillingness displayed on the part of the General Government to prevent the fitting out of hostile expeditions from our territory against nations with whom we are at peace, and to whom we were bound by solemn treaty stipulations. guaranteeing protection in this behalf. I feel proud ef my country, in that one man at least has been found holding a commission stamped with the broad seal of the union, and treading the deck of his frigate beneath the stars and stripes, who was willing to assume the responsibility and vindicate the nation’s honor, even at the hazard of being broken in his command. The gallant Paulding proved true to the blood of the revolution. His proud spirit would never brook that that flag should float disgraced in the presence of fagitives from justice, and he obeyed the instinct of manhood as a calf of duty. His ancestor arrested Andre in communication with a traitor to his country, the descendant seized upon Walker in complicity with those who seek to dissever the Union. Washington hung the spy. Buchanan tolerates the fillibuster. But I would ask your attention also to the Post Office Department, and in this I shall not descend to the minutix of negleci and delays, irregularities and losses, unfit appointments, and unworthy partialities, but rather indicate some of the leading features that characterize ifs management. The now Vice President of the United States signalized his eutrance upon the areand of national polities by a scathing exposure of the enormities and frauds embraced in the postal steamship contracts. ‘lhe PostmasterGeneral, however, takes occasion in his annual report to recommend the renewal of those identical contraets which are just about to expire. The former in his searching inquiry set forth the magnitude of the sums that were thus pilfered from the Treasury, the latter with a deticiency alleged, yet plays the patron of the plunderers, and gives their schemes an infernal endorsement. Perhaps the most venal of ali these postal arrangements are those which are made with the Isthmus routes, and yet they, of all others, meet with most favor in the department. The encouragement held out to them has its origin too not so much in facilities of carriage, as in maturing views against the possession of the Isthmus itself, It is part and parcel of the ultra secession policy which looks to the speedy establishment of a Southern republic. Strange as all this may seem, it is nevertheless true, and what is stranger still the Administration that now gives full countenance to tropical post routes, for ulterior seetional purposes, was in no small measure indebted for success to the fact that both its candidates were from Central States, and pledged to the early proseeution of postal and railroad communieation through the heart of the Continent. It has been somewhere stated that this department of the Government was given to a Southern man in conformity with stipulations made anterior to the eleetion. How this was cannot pee be known, but its management will fully bear out the charge. Systematically the entire West has been cut off from all connection with the Pacific. Frontier States, such as Missouri, have petitioned Congress for overland mails to California, and when the demand could no longer be refused, the Administration has intervened and aetna RNR Chena neem Renan " diverted the intended lines to the sonth. Missouri and California, through their representatives, succeeded at the. last session in procuring an act for the immediate establishment of such a mail, and accorcingly the Postmaster General was ordered to let the contract. No other States had applied for it, no other Legislatures memoralized inits behalf, and the law was so explicit that there could be no room for constructive meauing.— Several companies bid for the contract, and the successf.l one desired to go to work forthwith upon the line of central travel from St. Louis to San Francisco. It was at this stage that the Postmaster General, in direct violation of the law, which left the route open to the selection of the contractors, refused to make the award until he had compelled an agreement to start from Memphis, and stipulated that not even a branch should pass through the State of Missouri further west than Springfield. The violation of the law was appealed from, and the attention of the President drawn to the palpable infraction. He sustained the illegal act of the Postmaster-General, and confirmed the southern Texas mail route. And that was the treatment the petition from our Legislature received at the hands of the Department. Had Tennessee and Arkansas first moved in this bchalf we might have felt slighted but not insulted. As it was, it began in Missouri and California, and has ended in Texas and Sonora. The excuse isthe temperature. Government, it seems, can send an army to Winter in the South Pass, but cannot trust a mail coach through lower altitudes of a more central route. Apart, however, from the just cause of grievance which citizens of this State may have, there are other controlling consideratious which must condemn this measure as a Federal policy. ‘The immediate wants of the Government, the operations of the army in the interior, the speed and directness of transport, would all forcibly indicate tne wisdom of so establishing a central trunk mail line, that its branches might easily diverge to the north and the south, and thus openimmediate communication between all the States and all the ‘erritories. The ignoring of such considerations. onthe other hand, betrays either corruption or incompetency in the chief of the bureau. A re gard for the best interests of the service itself would require that the termini of such a postal route should be the local points of the existing mail systems of the Atlantic and the Pacific; but the interests of the service seem not to have been taken into account at all, in the eagerness of a Cabinet officer to confer a home favor. Of recommendations which relateto improvement iv the carrying and certainty inthe delivery of the mails, I know of but one of a practical nature that has emanated from the present head efthe Department. It amounts in substance to the despatching of a mail-agent to accompany every mail bag but while this might greatly extend the patronage at disposal it may be doubted whether it would comport with a postal revenue whieh is estimated to fall three millions of dollars below the amount necessary to defray expenses. One discovery which the Department has made should not be passed over without fitting notice. It is late, and it is refreshing. It is that the Mississippi begins at Memphis and ends at New Orleans ; and accordingly, in total oblivion of the source whence its mighty waters flow, it has divided it into four routes between the points named. Let me do him full justice, however. The Postmaster General does recommend in his last report, moved, no doubt by a spirit of exploration, that “a sub-division be added from Memphis to Cairo.” Land of Egyptian darkness, hail with delight the promised dawn ! In like manner, I might passin review other branches of the public service, from that of the Treasury in its dealings with the currency to that of the Interior in its dealings with the public lands, and demonstrate equal, if not greater inefficiency, than in those already commented upon. Mr. Guthrie, when he retired from office, carried with him a reputation for honesty, competency, and rigid compliance with the law that has been surpassed by no other man who has filled that position. The encomiums whick he reeeived, and which he justly merited. did much to redeem the Administration of which he was a part, and left to his successor not only a financial system that could be reproached with few faults, but the most emphatic indorsement of that system in the shape of an overflowing treasury. What is itscondition now? I will not say exhausted—I know it is not plethoric; but even the Secretary of the Treasury himself finds it impossible to deduce from its confusion a true statement on which to base his demand for an issue of notes. For the past year, phlebotomy has been practiced su unsurgically, that restoratives have to be applied ; and yet in this critical condition of the patient, the learned doctor prescribes what may be termed a watergruel. After expending large sums of gold and silver in the buying in of United States bonds at a high premium, he now proposes to emit United States small notes at heavy disdiscounts, to supply the deficiency. And that one operation is a fair criticism upon the entire management. Did time admit I woul} also press an inquiry into the various corruptions that within the few months of the present iueumbency have crept into the land offiees scattered throughout the West, whereby a rapid succession of appointecs are rewarded } for their party service and enabled to draw constructive salaries, to the utter neglect of their legitimate duties. In one office in Missouri, three persons have filled the plaee within a year. each having drawn a full salary and then retired. And this, which was an oceasioual incident of the last administration has be come the standing rule of the present. As Western men, too, it might not be JOUR JX Drug Sore Cominercial street, , NA amiss to note the abandonment by the government of all protection to inland commerce. The shores of the lakes bristle with fortifications, the éstuaries of thé ast are carefully dredged, but the great rivers that course through the valley of the Mississippi, and that float a wea!th of merchandise larger than any other in the world, are left uneared for and negleeted: Of all the revenues of the government; dérived from thé Custom Houses located in the interior, not? a dollar is appropriated to improve the navigation that pays such a tribute. Half the people aud half the commercial ventures of the nation derive no benefit from its disbursements, and in total oblivion of their wants—in insulting mockery of their demands, they are not even officially recognized. Itneeds not, however, to pursue this résume further. Nothing, I think, has beer found in all the departments that have been scanned which justifies an extension of clemeney to the Administration of James Buchan an, for his radieal departure from the principles of the early democracy, for his want of adherence to the pledges upon which he came into power, and for the calamitous period he lias inaugurated. Am I not also fully justified in adding, too, that what has been shown to be the condition of the military, diplomatic, fiseal and civil service of the couatry, demonstrates that those in power are incompetent to administer the affairs of this Government. Incompetency presides ia the head, and incompetency ruus like gangrened blood through every artery of the body politic. Has not then the hour arrived when patriotism should sound the toesin? Is it not needful that men of all faiths should unite together, regardless of past minor differences, to do somewhat ia behalf of their country? Shall it be said thatthe honor and integrity and welfare of the Republic have no claims upon us as American citizens superior to that of partisan attachment? ‘These are pregnant questions which it becomes you to answer, each for himself, and all in full view of the danger to this Union that plotters are now meditating. Come, then, fellow-citizens, I conjure you, by all that is sacred in the past, or hopeful in the future, by liberties imperiled, by great interests sacrificed, by glaring abuses poisoning the whole sy stem— come forth and stand in a solid phalanx of opposition that shall compel a change and rescue national affairs from the ignoble debasement into which they have fallen. Let the memories of this day revive kindred feelings, and as citizen soldiers, volunteered from every walk in life to achieve the victory we commemorate, so let now the people gather together in their strength and close their ranks to accomplish a_ political triumph over imbecility and tyranny conjoined, without which foreign aggression will have been resisted in vain, for we shall become the victims of domestic usurpation and misrule. Hicnry & Moses Hirschman. ARE ON TUE COU RSE AGAIN ! ft patos have opened at the Corner of Commercial and Main streets, and offer for sale a well selected and excellent stock of HAVANA CIGARS. Allkinds of Tobacco, smoking, chewing. Cards, Matehes, Pipes, and every article pertaining to the trade. They beg the public to call on them, as they flatter themselves that entire satisfaction willbe given. Their motto is “Quick Sales and Smal! Profits,” H. & M. HIRSCHMAN. WHOLESALE axp RETAIL LIQUOR STORE. HE undersigned would inform the public that they havenow on hand a most extensive assortment of The Best Liquors Ever bronght to this market. Having a good Fire Proof Building with an excellent cellar under it, they have . every facility for keepimg any amount of goods. have and willalways keep a gaod supply of WHISKEY, BRANDY, WINES, PORTER, CIDER, &e. &e. R Also—All kinds of Case Liquors, Cordials, Syrups, &c. Which have been selected with the greatest care by competent judges, and which will be sold as low or lower than any other establishment in the place. They will continue the manufacture of SODA at the old place (Flurshutz’s Soda Factory,) which is an article too well known to require recommendation Dealers and others Wishing to purchase, are respectfully invited to call and examine our stock. May . FRED. W. MAY & CO. xr May & Co. are agents for the sale of pure Califorma Port, Claret, Angelica and White Wines NEW GOODs. JESSE §. WALL & Co. FOULD respectfully inform the citizens of Nevada \ and vicinity thatthey have received during the past week the Largest and best stock of Goods, Ever before brought into Nevada. They are always on hand, at the : ee Fire-proof Brick Building, Broad Street, Nearly opposite their old stand, nextdoor above J. E Hamlin’s Bookstore, where ean be found every article kept in a well-regulated ~ 1 s ral Grocery and Provision Store. We shall always keep the very best quality of They flour, Sugar, Butter, Coffee, Coffee, Tea, Hams, Bacon, Rice, Lard, Candles, Syrups, &e., &c., &e. We wonldinvite particular attention to these Goods surehased expressly for the Nevada county trade, and satisfy yourselves that they willcompare favorably with any other stock of Goods to be found in this place. WALL & CO., Broad Street. March 27, 1857—tf BOOTS & SHOES. The Old Stand, Corner of Main and Commercial Streets. The undersigned having purchased the entire interestof S Mayers in the above establishinent, would respectfully inform the citizens of Nevatla and surrounling country that they intend to keep a large end good assortinent of HH CO:048 SS, a And alf kinds and varicties of Shoes md They have made arrangements to get their Stock direct from the best manufacturers in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, they will be able to sell as cheap as they can be seid at afty other establishment in the State. A large assortment of Ladies” 5 Visses’ : MSCS, nd Childyen’s Shoes. CONSTANTLY ON HAND. A continuance ofthe liberal pen nen for© atrens and the public are respectfully <olic’ § mer patrons and the public L F See SCHED. W™M. R. COE. Nevada, April 34. 1257. Arrived ! Fresh Latof pure Dravs & Meicine at SPENCKH'S febo ithe Post Office a WHOLE NUMBER 389 Business Cards. A. A: SARGENT, Attorney and Counsellor at Law; OFFIcy Kidd & Knox's Building, Broad Street. W.S. SPEAR H. I. THORNTON. Spear & Thornton, XN Younsello:s and Attorneys at Law DOWNIEVILLE, CA LIFORNIA. \ ILL PRACTICE in the Courts of the Foutteent® Judicial District and the Supreme Court, Downieville, Feb. 27, 1857. H. €. GARDINER 7 1. MCPARLAND GARDINER & M:-FARLAND, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law. Office—Riley’s Brick building Corner Pine and Broad treets TANTON BUCKNER. Buckner & Hill, YFFICE IN KELSEY'S BUILDING, SECOND FLOOR Commercial street, Nevada. “J AVING associated themselves together in the pia tice of the Law, will attend promptly to all bustnésd confided to their care in Nevada and adjoining counties. Nevada, July 18, 1856-tf C. WILSON HILt J. R. M’CONNELL. A.C, NILES, McCONNELL & NILES; Attorneys dnd Counsellors at Law, Will practice in all the Courts of the 14th Judicial Distciet, and in the Supreme Court. Office in Kidd’s Block, up stairs. John Anderson, Justice of the Peace, Office—A few dvors below T. Ellard Beans & Co., on Broad street, Nevada, JAMES CHURCHMAN, Attorney at Law. y ILL hereafter devote himself solely to the praetice of his profession, and will be found always at his office, Corner of Broad and Pine Streets, Nevada except when about on professional business. july10 Thomas Marsh, SIGN & ORNAMENTAL PAINTER, MAINSTREET, ABOVE COMMERCIAL, NEVADA CITY; feb 20-tf C. W. Young, MANUFACTURING JEWELER, WATCHMAKER AND DEALER IN All kinds of Fine Watches, DIAMOND WORK & CUTLERY, Old stand—Commercial street, Nevada.—Aug. &.-tf Ws. S. McRonerts, M. if. Foxstow McRoberts & Funston, Dealers in Groceries, Liquors WINES: & MINERS’ SUPPLIES. Have’ removed to = No. 39 Broad Street, Nevada. . NEXT DOOR TO THE POST OFPICE.’ Come and see us. Charles H. Bain, ARCHITECT AND BUILDER, ARPENTERING done in the best style and with deéspatch. Billiard Tables repaired and all kinds of Fan eyWork. Reasonably thankful for past favors and solicits continuance of thesame. Shop in the rear of Williamson & Dawley’s Banking House. 16-tf * Z. P. DAVIS, Gunsmith, aving survived the fire, the subscriber has again es tablished himselfon SPRING STREET,im the reat of the United States Hotel. where he will proseéwte his business for the present iu the Gunsmith line. Rifles and Shot Guns kept constantly on hand forsale Pistols, Powder, Shot, Lead, Balls, Caps; Wadding Flasks, Powder Horns, &e. &e. Guns and Pistols repa 1 and putin order at the short est Notice. Having a superior Lathe. he ean manufae ture any partof machinery which may be desired. New Rifles made to order. 024-tf County Surveyor's Cffice. COURT HOUSE, NEVADA. Joun LL, Gampre, } . G. F. DERTKEN County Surveyor. 4 ‘ Deputy. LL persons are hereby cantioned against employing 4X other Surveyors than such as may be deputiaed from this office. (Extract from Laws of California.) Crap. 20, Sec. 3. Nosurvey or re survey hereafter made by any person except the County Surveyor or his deputy shallbe consideredlegal evidence in any Court within this State. JOHN L. GAMBER: Nevada, Jnne 26th, 1857, NEW BILLIARD SALOON Harrington & Patterson, ‘Olongand favorably known on Broad street, have re4) moved and opened the finest BiliardSaloon to be fonndin the mountains. in the new Brick pyilitg. on'the corner of Broad and Pine Street, opposite Kidd jOx's brick building They hereby tender an invitation to all their old patrons and friends to pay them frequen isits and they hereby pledge themselves to give as good satisfaction as formerly The Saloon will be furnished with new and ioegnificent Billiard Tablesand every ap pendage compieté. The Bar \ Is fitted up in the finest style and supplied with the eboicest and most costly Liquors and Cigars. Nevada, January 16, 1857.—tf aug 29 SHAW & WHITNEY, (Successors to Shaw & Jones,} FORWARDING MERCHANTS, SACRAMENTO. C. J SHAW, No. 38 Front St SACRAMENTO. * J. R. WHITNEY, No. 79 Front St San FRANCISCO. Mark Packages (Care S.a W) DID YOU KNOW THAT JAME S$.CURFIES; AS opened his Fine Saloon next door to the Amer can Exchange. I “ He has spared no pains nor expense in making ft the most fashionable resort in the mountains, The Baris supplied with the finest Liquors in ae State and Cigars of the finest brands. Give mea call, one and all and satisfy yourselves that the above is true. JAMES S. CURTIS. Nevatla, Sept. 25, 1857. Bank Exchange Saleen. GEORGE LEWIS, OULD respectfully inform hisold frends and cus tomers that he has taken the Saloem three doors above his old standon MAIN STREBT. whiek he has fitted up in elegant style, regardless of expense, ; and intends to keep at said place the BEST SALOON IN THE MOUNTAINS. The Bar will be kept stocked with the finest Liquors of every variety. iF ree Lunches served up every day. GEORGE LEWIS. Nevada, October 9th. 1857. Santa Claus’ Headquarters! TOYs! TOYs! NHE greatest and most tasty vartety ever brought to’ this place—at the Nevada Variety Store—the first store on Pine street, in Kidd & Knox's fire-proof buildj ing, next to the U.S. Bakery, where there is also constantly to be found and for sale cheap, @ good assortment of Candies, Segars, Tobaceo. Cutlery, Yankee Notions apd Stationery . Particular attention is likewise called to the Circulating Library, t Connected wifh the establishment. and comprising about two thousand volumes of the best and most popular Eng lish and German works. The public is respectfully invited to call and examine’ the stock. A. PEYSER. (Nevada. December 11, 1857. tf ee Woticeto Liquor D:alers 111 Merchants, complete assortment of the Oils necessary for thaA xingana flavoring every v riety of Liquor, aids package of the articles used or giving Artificial strength to Liquors, (converting 70 gallons of Whigkty to 100 gallons) and every article hécessary to commience a Liqgvor Store will be furnished for $20. And all the information necessary to conduet sich an éstablishment, thus enabling the new beginner to suecessfull¥ compete with the oldest liqtordealsrs Address thre* P LACOUR, New Orleans. Lacour’s Concentrated Acid for making Vinegar, is Pht up in 2 gallon packages at $5 per package—in good shippins order. ~ fet 6-Ly For Sale ata Bargain! HE fineC ‘tage built Dwelling Dove: én Pine streét, above the Conrt Hous, text ocr above the Sagh} arht Blind factery, is offered fer sol: sta Rargain ‘ The honse has five reoms will finiched, with closets, mfazza in front. &c. In off water, outhouses ay tot! fremises Tenn Journal OMee of Nevada, July 24th, 1857,—t£ vard with a splendid wi convenionces complete the deenss ire a the Nevada a. G. WAFFES

_ ee — PES IE ET TET —————————$—— = < Re OB the WAT a aeinl a tel Soe be Apa <= 2 VOL. 7. NO. 40. Che Hebada Journal. PUBLISHED BY N.P. BROWN & Co. B. G. WAITE. N. P. BROWN, OFFICE—No, 16 MAIN STREET. TERMS: For ONE YRAR...--4-sabthehb wanes ree 7,00 For Stx MonTHs.. ---4,00 i ge age MR Eat ari ibe alent 2,00 Stnare Cortes... ects hed ape. Buchanan's Administration Arraigned. A SPEECH DELIVERED ON JAN.8, 1858, ATA MASS MEETING OF THE FREE DEMOCRACY OF ST. LOUIS, BY B. GRATZ BROWN, ESQ. James Buchanan, the now President of the United States, came into power under the very shadow of the name of Jackson, and under the belief that was held by the democratic masses of the people of this country, that he would at least restore the party to its former integrity. vindicate iis old principles, and administer the Federal Government in aczordande with the recognized orthodox faith. The Administration of poor Pierce had divorced jhe people from the party, and reduced it to a miserable minority everywhere ; but, loth to leave their first love, upon the first sign of repentanee—upon the substitution of a man of Jackson’s day—they returned with eagerness ; and the Democratic party again triumphed. But that is all. Not quite twelve months have elapsed, and we witness the first act of the new President to bea recommendation that Congress shall force upon the people of an infant Territory a State Government in opposition to their will, and in defiance of their almost unanimous protest So violent is their indignation, that the mere announcement of this programme upon the floor of the Senate has excited the yeomanry of Kansas well nigh to civil war and revolution. The technical forms and constructive powers and official recognitions are pleaded in justification by the Executive; but what are forms or powers or recognitions in manifest conflict with the will of the people? It is insult to the very womb from which the party sprung. It is treason to the great names who consecrated their lives and labors to its success. It is profanity against the ritual, and heresy against the creed, and sacrilege against the divinity of alldemocracy If perpetuated, popular supremacy, the milk that nurtured its infancy, will distill a poison that will sink it festering into a dishonored grave. But shift the scene, and what next? The advent of the present Administration was signalized by the announcement of thirty millions and more of specie inthe vaults. And yet before the Message, giving flattering accounts of the financial condition of the Government, was read in remote parts of the Union, the representatives of National Democracy in Congress forestall public sentiment, not less than public need, by demanding a total departure from the Sub-Treasury system, the issue of ten millions of paper, and its conversion into a Federal currency. Instead of gold and silver, it deals now in notes of one hundred dollars and upward, payable—never, or at least at an uncertain date. The specie basis of the Government is discarded, and that not from necessity but from choice—while uncertain issues of vast outlines, taxing the industry of the country in their rise and fall, loom forth from the future as the medium of its disbursement. Does this comport with democratic principles as recognizedin the past? I leave the answer tothe national debt that will accumulate, the domestic revulsions that will be entailed, and the foreign wars that will be invited and encouraged by the change. Turn again and see those who assume the party leadership. Chosen by the people because he was not the choice of Southern Secessionists, Mr. Buchanan has scarcely entered upon the discharge of the duties of his high place before we find his Cabinet the merest tools uttering the edicts of the latter, and the President himself surrendering his entire administration to their dictation. Davis, and Hunter, and Toombs, in the Senate, Quitman, and Orr, and Keitt, and Stephens, in the House, now speak in the name of Democracy, and shape all administrative measures, from the pacification of the Territories to the protection of the Transit route, and non interference in Central American affairs. As well set hawks to guard sparrows. Whoarethey? Iam asked. They are each and all men wedded to the idea of a dissolution of the Confederacy and the formation of a Southern Republic. Not one of them whose age goes back so far but wears the scarof blows which Jackson dealt at the first nullification. Beyond the precincts of the Capitol, too, a still more sinister prospect greets the eye. The chief applause that encourages the President’s policy comes from South Carolina, while the dread of Mississippi goads him on to perseverance. His predecessor, bad as he was, preserved a semblance of respect for his position as the head of the nation. Mr. Pierce accredited The Union as his mouth-piece ; Mr. Buchanan recognizes only The South as his organ. Imagine, then, a solemn sitting of all that company at Washington who uow presume to wear the official robes of the Democracy of the United States, and how like a crash of live thunder, if uttered in their midst, would reverberate those words of Jackson, “Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.” One other parallel remains; that which touches the Federal Constitution. If any inference could have been drawn more reasonable than another in regard to Mr. Buchanan's course in the Executive Chair, it would nave been affirmed that the same timidity which had characterized his past THE life, would have rendered him most unwilling to hazard extreme views in regard to constitutional questions. But all signs of dry weather fail when it rains. ‘The statesman who doubted on the bank, and hedged on the tariff, and quailed before nullification, is no sooner in power than he indulges in the largest latitude of construction. The most strained extra-judicial dicta of the Supreme Court become the texts of his public responses. The Dred Seott decision, which in substance declares that the Constitution perambulates the whole country with a negro on its back, is so clear to his strabismical vision that he does not see how it could ever have been doubted. Powers of Congress so well settled heretofore by the practice of the Government and the approval of every President from Washington to Polk, that they were never called in question, are now elaborately ignored by his Administration; while others never dreamed of during the first half of the present century are now found creeping out of every clause of the Federal compact, and indiscriminately resorted to in defense of his ultraisms. Mr. Madison thought it “wrong to admit in the Constitution the idea that there could be property in men,” and the phrase was avoided. Mr. Buchanan can understand “domestic relations” ina law of Congress to refer to Slavery alone, and that interpretation is to be erforced at the point of the bayonet. And do such positions embody the Democratic notion of a@ strict construction? it would be an arrant piece of absurdity, as weil as knavery, to assert such a proposition. Thus, then, we perceive how, one by one, all the unities that attached the masses of the people to the party have been sundered—how its zreat and lead ing principles have been violated—how the fonndations of its support have been undermined. The Administration of James Buchanan has been but a Democratic grave-yard—wherein we see the Hitting forms of popular sovereignty, the Treasury system, the National Union, and the Constitution itself, like sheeted ghosts, hurrying along to the land of shadows. It may be remarked, however, my Demoeratic friends, that progress is equally au incident to true democracy, and that, tried by other standards than those of usage and custom and precedent, the conduct of the present Admiuistration will be found more worthy of estimation, and more consonant to the welfare of the whole country. I acknowledge the force of the proposition, and to show my sincerity will consider it in other lights than tnat of lineal descent. Bastardy, I know, although it might establish a forfeiture, does not alyays imply a lack of foree and vigor. Waive then the question of illegitimacy, and how does the matter stand? We have reviewed it in the abstract, let us consider it inthe concrete. It has been judged as a whole, examine it in separate parts. Has the conduct of the various branches of the public service been so praiseworthy that the Democracy should overlook all faults, and extend clemency to the President and his advisers? Has the fame of our arms been enhanced? Has American diplomacy awakened the jealousy of Europe? Have the operations of the Treasury the homage of the Rothschilds and the Barings? Have the regulations of the postal routes and the rendition of mail facilities made martyrs of all village postmasters? Few, I judge, would hazard an answer to these questions in the affirmative. On the contrary, the bureaus present evidences of inefficiency, tardiness, routine that would do no discredit to the Circumlocution Office itself. Look at the War Department. presided over by a gentleman, very amiable he may be, but possessed of neither the knowledge, the military genius, nor the oficial familiarity to set a squadron in the field. A Territory situated in the heart of the Continent is ir. open rebellion against the laws and Government of the United States, and he is called upon to furnish an army for Utah. Ile is apprised in advance of the difticulties of approach, of the long distance to be traversed, ot the numbers of the hostile tribes, the severity of exposure on the plains, and consequently ample time is given him for making all necessary preparation. Whatisthe result? Political views are sufficient to control the sense of what is due to his executive position, and the troops selected in the Spring for the expedition are detained during the summer to surround the voting precincts in Kansas, and are then thrown forward to Winter unsupported amid the passes of the Rocky Mountains. If we are to judge of that army of Utah from the extent of ground it occupies, it is certainly greater than the army of Xerxes, The advance of fifteen hundred men is beyond Fort Bridger, the rear of three thousand men is at Fort Leavenworth—more than twelve hundred miles apart—while between them are only two companies of dragoons, situated at Fort Laramie, to keep open the communications. Nor is this al, Encamped in the valley of Henry’s Fork, half the men unfit for duty, the supply trains destroyed by scouting parties, the giass burned before them, their animals perishing im the snows, hostile tribes of Indians jn the rear, and a foe of five times their number in front, ready to seize upon the first favorable moment for descent, what other prospect has it than annihilation ? Talk of an early reinforcement in the Spring. Yes, when the Government can reanimate the bleaching bones, or re-collect the scattered remains of that detachment, it may perhaps be done, but not till then. Should active hostilities ensue within four months, few will return to tell the tale of disaster. Fearful, indeed, and portentious is the responsibility which impends over the head of that eabinet officer for his glaring neglects, and still more heartless action. The lives of the soldiers of the republic NE VADA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 26, 1858. are dear to the hearts of the people, and the death of evéry man who, worn, exhausted, and stricken by exposure, lies down on the frozen earth, with the Winter wind for a winding sheet, will be visited with indignant censure upon that incompetent minister. Cold official forms and the routine of the business may be paraded to work oblivion, just as the sifting snows may spread an icy pall over the new-made graves in yonder passes; but as the grass will grow rankest from those platoon burial places with the first upheaval of nature, so popular indignation, which is now germinating silence, will soon burst the cerements in which it has been laid, and find its expression in execrating the man that has suffered an army to be sacrificed. He cannot shun then that responsibility ; he may not deafen his ear to the ery of the widew and the orphan; and if his soul is ever touched with remorse, his cheek will blanch as the ghosts of his murdered victims circle in long procession around his midnight conch. I wish, however, to invoke no vengeance. Let public opinion deal out to him the strict measure of justice, and let me proceed to note other matters connected with the management of military affairs. Ip Florida, a third of the disposable forces of the Government have been latterly employed, and that too ia the face of pressing demands for troops for Utah, in hunting fugitive squaws through the everglades and trying to capture a band of Indians, so few in number that each soldier can call over their names from memory. Notwithstanding ail this, Billy Bowlegs is still master of the occasion. In ‘Texas, too, a like system of concentration is maintained, to give the benefit of expenditure to favorites while a Camanche alarm is spread abroad semiannually to keep up the delusion. The regular army is, without doubt. brave, the officers well qualified for their command, and the service they render all that could be expected from such dispositions. The fault of this inconsequence, unconnectedness, and resultless, though expensive service, lies, as has always been said, with the Secretary of War himself. He refuses to avail himself of those arms of service that would terminate this Rip Van Winkle state of hostilities in six months’ time, and goes on from month to month adding millions to the estimates for treops that desert as soon as enlisted, for the manufacture of arms that are never to be used, and the transportation of grain and forage a thousand miles away, to the best grazing country in the world. He refuses to accept ten thonsand volunteers ready to enter the service to-day, and calls upon Congress for five new regiments, that will require a year to recruit. The seeret, and the whole secret is, that the latter will give more patronage to the department than the former. The department of State to which I may next call your attention embraces a supervision of civil domestic administration, as well as the relations between our Government and foreign powers. First, review the successive blunders that have marked every movement connected with home affairs. In the Territorial policy that has prevailed, if it were possible fr the Presidential term of Franklin Pierce to be rendered respectable, by comparison, that has been done by his successor, Not only has that primary requisite to all republican government—+he consent of the governed —been totally ignored, but to such a paralytic condition has this fatal department reduced the civil service, that we now witness the startling spectacle of its entire dependence upon the military arm for enforcement. Governors go forth now to the ‘Territories to which they aro nominated as did the Pro-Consuls of the Roman Empire, surrounded with all the pomp and circumstance of war. Dragoons are the constabulary force—armed soldiers in uniform § surround the election precincts—aid-decamps are bearers of dispatches between Executive officers and the Department of State. Nor is this all. Vacillation accompanies paralysis. The Governor sent forth with such parade a six months since, with full and written instructions, no sooner attempts to carry them out in good faith than he falls decapitated by the very power that appointed him. His successor steps into his place and ventures to call together the representatives ofthe people, in order that peace may be preserved, when forthwith the lightniig Hashes back from Washington his removal likewise. A more thorough-bred partisan 1s dispatehed to the scene, and the whole country is now in expectancy to know how far this latest favorite of the Administration will sueceed in enslaving a free community of American citizens. But I venture the prediction that his failure will be even greater than that of those who went before him. I firmly believe there is uot the power on earth that cap, in this day and generation, and in this land consecrated to political independence, crush out the stubborn resistance of free American citizens, and yoke upon their necks the ga'ling servitude of a local government that tley repudiate and seorn. The paths and precedents of tyranny have not been trodden so far as yet, in this Republic—-and if attempted, the spirit of °76 which achieved one revolution, will awaken after its slumber of four score years, and perpetuate another. The head of the Department may _persist in refusing to recognize the people, and continue the ensanguined attempt at coercion, but the diplomatic threads which he weaves industriously around them to trammel their aetion will prove as impotent to stay their course as the spider web to entangle a giant. Need 1 say, in addition, how utterly irreeoncilable such administration is with true statesmanship, how imbecile the contemplated settlement, how disgraeeful the speetacle presented? One Territory in open revoit, another on the eve of rebellion, officials flying for their lives from . the presence of the citizens, successive Governors who oceupy the vanishing points in the dark perspective, the in structions of each countermanded before execution, or else disavowed so soon as put in practice, no method even in all this madness, and the Secretary of State himself turned, not into stone, but into a standing apology for the accumulated embarrassments that render ridiculous the Home Government. I have not heart to enter forther into the minutie of this miserable domestic complexity. The country is wearied of it, and demands reform ; patriots detect in the embitterance of sectional feeling, danger to the Union, as it is known that the nullifiers are seeking opportunity to precipitate the issue by vacating their seats as representatives; only the Administration keeps alive the enkindled strife, refuses all equitable adjustment, and thrusts its Lecompton fraud anew into the face of the nation. Again, turn to the other branch—the office of Foreign affairs. Fortunately we are at peace with our neighbors, and have acquired in the past the respect of the world. The only part of our diplomacy which presents any entangled controversy is that which relates to the Central American question. When Mr. Buchanan was a candidate, it was proclaimed as his greatest achievement that he had at last solved this intricate problem in a manner creditable to our honor as a nation; but no sooner does the first Congress meet than we find it further from adjustment than ever. England sends over aspecial Envoy ; France indicates dissatisfaction ; the Transit route is taken possession of by aparty of fillibusters from our own shore—a United States District Attorney at New Orleans is dismissed for letting them escape—and a Naval Commodore is threatened with a court-martial for bringing them back. What the end will be no man can tell. General Walker is now holding his levees at Washington. Secretary Cass informs him blandly that he declines to receive his arrest. The President justifies the capture, but opposes the principle. The Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs in the Senate insist that he be sent backina national vessel, and the Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs in the House moves for a repeal of the Neutrality laws. In the meanwhile, out of the fog there loom up thickening diplomatic difficulties, to be molned at the proper time into an excuse for conquests, and an apology for annexations. The President of peace, as he was called, calmly elaborates a giant schedule of war. And herelet me say that while our fair fame has suffered reproach in the eyes of Europe from the inability or unwillingness displayed on the part of the General Government to prevent the fitting out of hostile expeditions from our territory against nations with whom we are at peace, and to whom we were bound by solemn treaty stipulations. guaranteeing protection in this behalf. I feel proud ef my country, in that one man at least has been found holding a commission stamped with the broad seal of the union, and treading the deck of his frigate beneath the stars and stripes, who was willing to assume the responsibility and vindicate the nation’s honor, even at the hazard of being broken in his command. The gallant Paulding proved true to the blood of the revolution. His proud spirit would never brook that that flag should float disgraced in the presence of fagitives from justice, and he obeyed the instinct of manhood as a calf of duty. His ancestor arrested Andre in communication with a traitor to his country, the descendant seized upon Walker in complicity with those who seek to dissever the Union. Washington hung the spy. Buchanan tolerates the fillibuster. But I would ask your attention also to the Post Office Department, and in this I shall not descend to the minutix of negleci and delays, irregularities and losses, unfit appointments, and unworthy partialities, but rather indicate some of the leading features that characterize ifs management. The now Vice President of the United States signalized his eutrance upon the areand of national polities by a scathing exposure of the enormities and frauds embraced in the postal steamship contracts. ‘lhe PostmasterGeneral, however, takes occasion in his annual report to recommend the renewal of those identical contraets which are just about to expire. The former in his searching inquiry set forth the magnitude of the sums that were thus pilfered from the Treasury, the latter with a deticiency alleged, yet plays the patron of the plunderers, and gives their schemes an infernal endorsement. Perhaps the most venal of ali these postal arrangements are those which are made with the Isthmus routes, and yet they, of all others, meet with most favor in the department. The encouragement held out to them has its origin too not so much in facilities of carriage, as in maturing views against the possession of the Isthmus itself, It is part and parcel of the ultra secession policy which looks to the speedy establishment of a Southern republic. Strange as all this may seem, it is nevertheless true, and what is stranger still the Administration that now gives full countenance to tropical post routes, for ulterior seetional purposes, was in no small measure indebted for success to the fact that both its candidates were from Central States, and pledged to the early proseeution of postal and railroad communieation through the heart of the Continent. It has been somewhere stated that this department of the Government was given to a Southern man in conformity with stipulations made anterior to the eleetion. How this was cannot pee be known, but its management will fully bear out the

charge. Systematically the entire West has been cut off from all connection with the Pacific. Frontier States, such as Missouri, have petitioned Congress for overland mails to California, and when the demand could no longer be refused, the Administration has intervened and aetna RNR Chena neem Renan " diverted the intended lines to the sonth. Missouri and California, through their representatives, succeeded at the. last session in procuring an act for the immediate establishment of such a mail, and accorcingly the Postmaster General was ordered to let the contract. No other States had applied for it, no other Legislatures memoralized inits behalf, and the law was so explicit that there could be no room for constructive meauing.— Several companies bid for the contract, and the successf.l one desired to go to work forthwith upon the line of central travel from St. Louis to San Francisco. It was at this stage that the Postmaster General, in direct violation of the law, which left the route open to the selection of the contractors, refused to make the award until he had compelled an agreement to start from Memphis, and stipulated that not even a branch should pass through the State of Missouri further west than Springfield. The violation of the law was appealed from, and the attention of the President drawn to the palpable infraction. He sustained the illegal act of the Postmaster-General, and confirmed the southern Texas mail route. And that was the treatment the petition from our Legislature received at the hands of the Department. Had Tennessee and Arkansas first moved in this bchalf we might have felt slighted but not insulted. As it was, it began in Missouri and California, and has ended in Texas and Sonora. The excuse isthe temperature. Government, it seems, can send an army to Winter in the South Pass, but cannot trust a mail coach through lower altitudes of a more central route. Apart, however, from the just cause of grievance which citizens of this State may have, there are other controlling consideratious which must condemn this measure as a Federal policy. ‘The immediate wants of the Government, the operations of the army in the interior, the speed and directness of transport, would all forcibly indicate tne wisdom of so establishing a central trunk mail line, that its branches might easily diverge to the north and the south, and thus openimmediate communication between all the States and all the ‘erritories. The ignoring of such considerations. onthe other hand, betrays either corruption or incompetency in the chief of the bureau. A re gard for the best interests of the service itself would require that the termini of such a postal route should be the local points of the existing mail systems of the Atlantic and the Pacific; but the interests of the service seem not to have been taken into account at all, in the eagerness of a Cabinet officer to confer a home favor. Of recommendations which relateto improvement iv the carrying and certainty inthe delivery of the mails, I know of but one of a practical nature that has emanated from the present head efthe Department. It amounts in substance to the despatching of a mail-agent to accompany every mail bag but while this might greatly extend the patronage at disposal it may be doubted whether it would comport with a postal revenue whieh is estimated to fall three millions of dollars below the amount necessary to defray expenses. One discovery which the Department has made should not be passed over without fitting notice. It is late, and it is refreshing. It is that the Mississippi begins at Memphis and ends at New Orleans ; and accordingly, in total oblivion of the source whence its mighty waters flow, it has divided it into four routes between the points named. Let me do him full justice, however. The Postmaster General does recommend in his last report, moved, no doubt by a spirit of exploration, that “a sub-division be added from Memphis to Cairo.” Land of Egyptian darkness, hail with delight the promised dawn ! In like manner, I might passin review other branches of the public service, from that of the Treasury in its dealings with the currency to that of the Interior in its dealings with the public lands, and demonstrate equal, if not greater inefficiency, than in those already commented upon. Mr. Guthrie, when he retired from office, carried with him a reputation for honesty, competency, and rigid compliance with the law that has been surpassed by no other man who has filled that position. The encomiums whick he reeeived, and which he justly merited. did much to redeem the Administration of which he was a part, and left to his successor not only a financial system that could be reproached with few faults, but the most emphatic indorsement of that system in the shape of an overflowing treasury. What is itscondition now? I will not say exhausted—I know it is not plethoric; but even the Secretary of the Treasury himself finds it impossible to deduce from its confusion a true statement on which to base his demand for an issue of notes. For the past year, phlebotomy has been practiced su unsurgically, that restoratives have to be applied ; and yet in this critical condition of the patient, the learned doctor prescribes what may be termed a watergruel. After expending large sums of gold and silver in the buying in of United States bonds at a high premium, he now proposes to emit United States small notes at heavy disdiscounts, to supply the deficiency. And that one operation is a fair criticism upon the entire management. Did time admit I woul} also press an inquiry into the various corruptions that within the few months of the present iueumbency have crept into the land offiees scattered throughout the West, whereby a rapid succession of appointecs are rewarded } for their party service and enabled to draw constructive salaries, to the utter neglect of their legitimate duties. In one office in Missouri, three persons have filled the plaee within a year. each having drawn a full salary and then retired. And this, which was an oceasioual incident of the last administration has be come the standing rule of the present. As Western men, too, it might not be JOUR JX Drug Sore Cominercial street, , NA amiss to note the abandonment by the government of all protection to inland commerce. The shores of the lakes bristle with fortifications, the éstuaries of thé ast are carefully dredged, but the great rivers that course through the valley of the Mississippi, and that float a wea!th of merchandise larger than any other in the world, are left uneared for and negleeted: Of all the revenues of the government; dérived from thé Custom Houses located in the interior, not? a dollar is appropriated to improve the navigation that pays such a tribute. Half the people aud half the commercial ventures of the nation derive no benefit from its disbursements, and in total oblivion of their wants—in insulting mockery of their demands, they are not even officially recognized. Itneeds not, however, to pursue this résume further. Nothing, I think, has beer found in all the departments that have been scanned which justifies an extension of clemeney to the Administration of James Buchan an, for his radieal departure from the principles of the early democracy, for his want of adherence to the pledges upon which he came into power, and for the calamitous period he lias inaugurated. Am I not also fully justified in adding, too, that what has been shown to be the condition of the military, diplomatic, fiseal and civil service of the couatry, demonstrates that those in power are incompetent to administer the affairs of this Government. Incompetency presides ia the head, and incompetency ruus like gangrened blood through every artery of the body politic. Has not then the hour arrived when patriotism should sound the toesin? Is it not needful that men of all faiths should unite together, regardless of past minor differences, to do somewhat ia behalf of their country? Shall it be said thatthe honor and integrity and welfare of the Republic have no claims upon us as American citizens superior to that of partisan attachment? ‘These are pregnant questions which it becomes you to answer, each for himself, and all in full view of the danger to this Union that plotters are now meditating. Come, then, fellow-citizens, I conjure you, by all that is sacred in the past, or hopeful in the future, by liberties imperiled, by great interests sacrificed, by glaring abuses poisoning the whole sy stem— come forth and stand in a solid phalanx of opposition that shall compel a change and rescue national affairs from the ignoble debasement into which they have fallen. Let the memories of this day revive kindred feelings, and as citizen soldiers, volunteered from every walk in life to achieve the victory we commemorate, so let now the people gather together in their strength and close their ranks to accomplish a_ political triumph over imbecility and tyranny conjoined, without which foreign aggression will have been resisted in vain, for we shall become the victims of domestic usurpation and misrule. Hicnry & Moses Hirschman. ARE ON TUE COU RSE AGAIN ! ft patos have opened at the Corner of Commercial and Main streets, and offer for sale a well selected and excellent stock of HAVANA CIGARS. Allkinds of Tobacco, smoking, chewing. Cards, Matehes, Pipes, and every article pertaining to the trade. They beg the public to call on them, as they flatter themselves that entire satisfaction willbe given. Their motto is “Quick Sales and Smal! Profits,” H. & M. HIRSCHMAN. WHOLESALE axp RETAIL LIQUOR STORE. HE undersigned would inform the public that they havenow on hand a most extensive assortment of The Best Liquors Ever bronght to this market. Having a good Fire Proof Building with an excellent cellar under it, they have . every facility for keepimg any amount of goods. have and willalways keep a gaod supply of WHISKEY, BRANDY, WINES, PORTER, CIDER, &e. &e. R Also—All kinds of Case Liquors, Cordials, Syrups, &c. Which have been selected with the greatest care by competent judges, and which will be sold as low or lower than any other establishment in the place. They will continue the manufacture of SODA at the old place (Flurshutz’s Soda Factory,) which is an article too well known to require recommendation Dealers and others Wishing to purchase, are respectfully invited to call and examine our stock. May . FRED. W. MAY & CO. xr May & Co. are agents for the sale of pure Califorma Port, Claret, Angelica and White Wines NEW GOODs. JESSE §. WALL & Co. FOULD respectfully inform the citizens of Nevada \ and vicinity thatthey have received during the past week the Largest and best stock of Goods, Ever before brought into Nevada. They are always on hand, at the : ee Fire-proof Brick Building, Broad Street, Nearly opposite their old stand, nextdoor above J. E Hamlin’s Bookstore, where ean be found every article kept in a well-regulated ~ 1 s ral Grocery and Provision Store. We shall always keep the very best quality of They flour, Sugar, Butter, Coffee, Coffee, Tea, Hams, Bacon, Rice, Lard, Candles, Syrups, &e., &c., &e. We wonldinvite particular attention to these Goods surehased expressly for the Nevada county trade, and satisfy yourselves that they willcompare favorably with any other stock of Goods to be found in this place. WALL & CO., Broad Street. March 27, 1857—tf BOOTS & SHOES. The Old Stand, Corner of Main and Commercial Streets. The undersigned having purchased the entire interestof S Mayers in the above establishinent, would respectfully inform the citizens of Nevatla and surrounling country that they intend to keep a large end good assortinent of HH CO:048 SS, a And alf kinds and varicties of Shoes md They have made arrangements to get their Stock direct from the best manufacturers in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, they will be able to sell as cheap as they can be seid at afty other establishment in the State. A large assortment of Ladies” 5 Visses’ : MSCS, nd Childyen’s Shoes. CONSTANTLY ON HAND. A continuance ofthe liberal pen nen for© atrens and the public are respectfully <olic’ § mer patrons and the public L F See SCHED. W™M. R. COE. Nevada, April 34. 1257. Arrived ! Fresh Latof pure Dravs & Meicine at SPENCKH'S febo ithe Post Office a WHOLE NUMBER 389 Business Cards. A. A: SARGENT, Attorney and Counsellor at Law; OFFIcy Kidd & Knox's Building, Broad Street. W.S. SPEAR H. I. THORNTON. Spear & Thornton, XN Younsello:s and Attorneys at Law DOWNIEVILLE, CA LIFORNIA. \ ILL PRACTICE in the Courts of the Foutteent® Judicial District and the Supreme Court, Downieville, Feb. 27, 1857. H. €. GARDINER 7 1. MCPARLAND GARDINER & M:-FARLAND, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law. Office—Riley’s Brick building Corner Pine and Broad treets TANTON BUCKNER. Buckner & Hill, YFFICE IN KELSEY'S BUILDING, SECOND FLOOR Commercial street, Nevada. “J AVING associated themselves together in the pia tice of the Law, will attend promptly to all bustnésd confided to their care in Nevada and adjoining counties. Nevada, July 18, 1856-tf C. WILSON HILt J. R. M’CONNELL. A.C, NILES, McCONNELL & NILES; Attorneys dnd Counsellors at Law, Will practice in all the Courts of the 14th Judicial Distciet, and in the Supreme Court. Office in Kidd’s Block, up stairs. John Anderson, Justice of the Peace, Office—A few dvors below T. Ellard Beans & Co., on Broad street, Nevada, JAMES CHURCHMAN, Attorney at Law. y ILL hereafter devote himself solely to the praetice of his profession, and will be found always at his office, Corner of Broad and Pine Streets, Nevada except when about on professional business. july10 Thomas Marsh, SIGN & ORNAMENTAL PAINTER, MAINSTREET, ABOVE COMMERCIAL, NEVADA CITY; feb 20-tf C. W. Young, MANUFACTURING JEWELER, WATCHMAKER AND DEALER IN All kinds of Fine Watches, DIAMOND WORK & CUTLERY, Old stand—Commercial street, Nevada.—Aug. &.-tf Ws. S. McRonerts, M. if. Foxstow McRoberts & Funston, Dealers in Groceries, Liquors WINES: & MINERS’ SUPPLIES. Have’ removed to = No. 39 Broad Street, Nevada. . NEXT DOOR TO THE POST OFPICE.’ Come and see us. Charles H. Bain, ARCHITECT AND BUILDER, ARPENTERING done in the best style and with deéspatch. Billiard Tables repaired and all kinds of Fan eyWork. Reasonably thankful for past favors and solicits continuance of thesame. Shop in the rear of Williamson & Dawley’s Banking House. 16-tf * Z. P. DAVIS, Gunsmith, aving survived the fire, the subscriber has again es tablished himselfon SPRING STREET,im the reat of the United States Hotel. where he will proseéwte his business for the present iu the Gunsmith line. Rifles and Shot Guns kept constantly on hand forsale Pistols, Powder, Shot, Lead, Balls, Caps; Wadding Flasks, Powder Horns, &e. &e. Guns and Pistols repa 1 and putin order at the short est Notice. Having a superior Lathe. he ean manufae ture any partof machinery which may be desired. New Rifles made to order. 024-tf County Surveyor's Cffice. COURT HOUSE, NEVADA. Joun LL, Gampre, } . G. F. DERTKEN County Surveyor. 4 ‘ Deputy. LL persons are hereby cantioned against employing 4X other Surveyors than such as may be deputiaed from this office. (Extract from Laws of California.) Crap. 20, Sec. 3. Nosurvey or re survey hereafter made by any person except the County Surveyor or his deputy shallbe consideredlegal evidence in any Court within this State. JOHN L. GAMBER: Nevada, Jnne 26th, 1857, NEW BILLIARD SALOON Harrington & Patterson, ‘Olongand favorably known on Broad street, have re4) moved and opened the finest BiliardSaloon to be fonndin the mountains. in the new Brick pyilitg. on'the corner of Broad and Pine Street, opposite Kidd jOx's brick building They hereby tender an invitation to all their old patrons and friends to pay them frequen isits and they hereby pledge themselves to give as good satisfaction as formerly The Saloon will be furnished with new and ioegnificent Billiard Tablesand every ap pendage compieté. The Bar \ Is fitted up in the finest style and supplied with the eboicest and most costly Liquors and Cigars. Nevada, January 16, 1857.—tf aug 29 SHAW & WHITNEY, (Successors to Shaw & Jones,} FORWARDING MERCHANTS, SACRAMENTO. C. J SHAW, No. 38 Front St SACRAMENTO. * J. R. WHITNEY, No. 79 Front St San FRANCISCO. Mark Packages (Care S.a W) DID YOU KNOW THAT JAME S$.CURFIES; AS opened his Fine Saloon next door to the Amer can Exchange. I “ He has spared no pains nor expense in making ft the most fashionable resort in the mountains, The Baris supplied with the finest Liquors in ae State and Cigars of the finest brands. Give mea call, one and all and satisfy yourselves that the above is true. JAMES S. CURTIS. Nevatla, Sept. 25, 1857. Bank Exchange Saleen. GEORGE LEWIS, OULD respectfully inform hisold frends and cus tomers that he has taken the Saloem three doors above his old standon MAIN STREBT. whiek he has fitted up in elegant style, regardless of expense, ; and intends to keep at said place the BEST SALOON IN THE MOUNTAINS. The Bar will be kept stocked with the finest Liquors of every variety. iF ree Lunches served up every day. GEORGE LEWIS. Nevada, October 9th. 1857. Santa Claus’ Headquarters! TOYs! TOYs! NHE greatest and most tasty vartety ever brought to’ this place—at the Nevada Variety Store—the first store on Pine street, in Kidd & Knox's fire-proof buildj ing, next to the U.S. Bakery, where there is also constantly to be found and for sale cheap, @ good assortment of Candies, Segars, Tobaceo. Cutlery, Yankee Notions apd Stationery . Particular attention is likewise called to the Circulating Library, t Connected wifh the establishment. and comprising about two thousand volumes of the best and most popular Eng lish and German works. The public is respectfully invited to call and examine’ the stock. A. PEYSER. (Nevada. December 11, 1857. tf ee Woticeto Liquor D:alers 111 Merchants, complete assortment of the Oils necessary for thaA xingana flavoring every v riety of Liquor, aids package of the articles used or giving Artificial strength to Liquors, (converting 70 gallons of Whigkty to 100 gallons) and every article hécessary to commience a Liqgvor Store will be furnished for $20. And all the information necessary to conduet sich an éstablishment, thus enabling the new beginner to suecessfull¥ compete with the oldest liqtordealsrs Address thre* P LACOUR, New Orleans. Lacour’s Concentrated Acid for making Vinegar, is Pht up in 2 gallon packages at $5 per package—in good shippins order. ~ fet 6-Ly For Sale ata Bargain! HE fineC ‘tage built Dwelling Dove: én Pine streét, above the Conrt Hous, text ocr above the Sagh} arht Blind factery, is offered fer sol: sta Rargain ‘ The honse has five reoms will finiched, with closets, mfazza in front. &c. In off water, outhouses ay tot! fremises Tenn Journal OMee of Nevada, July 24th, 1857,—t£ vard with a splendid wi convenionces complete the deenss ire a the Nevada a. G. WAFFES