January 20, 1854 (4 pages)

. THE JO ORIGINAL DEFECT! ee RWAL, iCBDLISHED EVERY FREDAY MORNING BY — : a = m atone that may fall into their power after the 20th November ; and on the Russian side notice had been given that ‘Purkish vesséls would be seized after the 23d. ————— For the Nevada Journal, Thoughts of Home. I see thee now my native, well loved home, Rich in thy beauties rare of vale and hill; NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, FRIDAY MORNING, JANUARY 20, 1854. . The Sacramento Union of the 13th, containFor several years Spain has been ealling the attention of this government to a claim for losses by some of her subjects in the case of the schooner Amistad: BUDD & SKELTON, Office on Broad street, opposite the Court House. Nevada The Ulemas have offered to furnish gold ;and silver from the treasuries of the ¢hurch For one year, in wee pnd «Picea $7 00 . to aid in the Wat, but the Sultan has de“or three months,., i Sad sas Tio waren neers me OE 2 : . +s Fh ee eames ak EEE ee ee Ore 25 . ties the covering of a religious war. So Legal Blanke v/ ali kinds for sale at this oftice. Job Work in all its varieties, promptly and neatly executed, at reasonable rates. . it is feported from Constantinople, but it is well known that the church has already Where gleeful waters through the meadows roam, And murmer “earth hath many an Eden still.’”» Plain to my mental Vision life-like seeming, : Each well remembered object takes its stand ; As when in summer’s early sunshine dreaming, Of filthy gold, I left my native land. In memory’s magic mirror sadly gazing, ing President Pierce's Message, was delivered . This claim is believed to rest on the hat ent im, * 2 posed by our existing treaty with that eduntry.— tous, on Saturday afternoon, it having been 1ts justice was admitted in our diplomati¢ corresirinemitted by the Hamecy route to tep-Rigeif ppnienen pith she Seniehiaeresmentes aatiy 44 : 1 F ’ ‘ ‘ 5) z coast, and arrived at the bay per steamer Co-/ nual message of that year, recommended that promepensresomcttyes “ps Pe Sere: rq nig emer emanate eres apd po Sain em ly for that paper. The telegraphing occupied . nips It has received a favorable obashioansics ; y committees of both branches, but as yet there six hours and ? helt ; {has been no final action upon it. I conceive that P R E fy I DE N T 9 NY M E § NY A GE o7 good faith requires its prompt adjustment, and . present it to your early and favorable corisideratior: Advertisements inserted at low rates. L.P. Fisher is our only‘authorized agent at San trancisco. He may be found at his desk at the Merchants’ Exchange. A. Delano, 2t Wells, Fargo & Co.’s office,is our authorized agent at Grass Valley. Per Wells, Fargo §& Co. rrival of the Cortez. ‘The s‘eamer Cortez arrived at San! b) ~ ~ . 1 rancisco at 7 o’clock on the 15th inst.— } . The news is eight days later. . The New York papers are filled with . proceedings of the Mitchel banquet which took place at the Broadway Theatre. onthe 19th December. Some six hun-. dred people sat down to dinner; and the. boxes were filled with ladies. Charles . O'Conner, Esq., presided, and speeches . were made by Messrs. Mitchel, Meagher, O'Gorman and Smyth. aay A war is waging among the democrats ef Vermont, in imitation of the recent flareup in the ranks in New York. The steamship Humboldt, from Havre . and Cowes on the 2% Nevember, went: shore about 12 miles below Halifax, and has become a total wreck. Ler passengers . and crew were ail saved. . Snow commenced falling in the vicinity’ of New York on the 19th. Snow has also fallen at Philadelphia, Buffalo, Cleveland and Detroit. Three hundred and eighty-one persons died in the city of New York, during the! week ending 10th December. R. H. Collins, editor of the Maysville (Ky.) £&cg/e, shot Luther Dobyns in the forehead at Maysville, on the 16th Dec. The slocp-of-war Decatur, has been ordered to the Vacitic under command oi Commander Sterreit. Damaces—James Gordon Bennett, : editor and proprietor of the New OFrix Herald, has been tried and fined 810.000 9 for libeiing Edward P. Fry. He has to him to keep as quiet as possible in the . genuine or not remains to be seen. the Foundroyant, the same which brought ‘remained there at his disposal during his to serve in Europe, but an office has been applied a large amount from its*¢eoffers: Oné@he 24th ult, Shamyl and: Ismael Pacha were to make an attack on the Russian line. The result has not reached us. Omar Pacha has intercepted and sent, lvet green; to Constantinoplé a letter “from Prince . While breath hit Nen va shields of shady tree, Menchikoff to Gen.Gortchakoff, advising . Invite oblivion of carés troubled scene. Beyond the brook a deep old wood is bending Its graceful foliage to the waters side ; Between the playfullambs with bounds are spreading Their mirthful vigor o’er the meadows wide, _ 1 see each cherished spot upon that dear. old farm, In blossoming fields, the lazy steers are grazing, And_-birds ate singing without fear of harm. Upen the same old hill, the homestead w hich I see, Surrounded well with yard of velvet green ; Principalities. . Whether this letter -is ~ A subscription opened at Smyrna to purchase horses for the Turkish army amounted in a few days to 260,000 piasfers, “y The reason of the recall of the Russian Ambassador from Constantinople was the sympathy he expressed in private for the ‘lurks against the Russians, The name of the Russian steam frigate sunk by the Turkish forts off Batun was Peace, joy and beauty o’er that scene are blending, Like rainbow colors in a summer sky ; , No poet yet, on fancy’s pinions wending’ The way of thoughts, hath caught a theme se high. But dearer far tome that scene which nature graces The friends ny heart holds fast—I see them bid, A father, brother, sister's smiling faces, Give the heart highest rapture to the view. (Long has my mother dear, ’neath church yards sod been sleeping, Her parts immortal in the Heavens rest; But still, full oft, are eyes made red with weeping, By thoughts of bim,’mong those her virtues blest.) Prince Menchikoff to Constantinople, and stay. Fifty pieces of artil'ery have been sent to Adrianople. An Armenian architect liad gone to put the palace at that city i1 repair for the reception of the Sultan. Austrian fugitives will not be permitted Sweet memories too, of youthful friends, whose notes of laughter pealing, With joyous ring, through those old rooms, bid nmirthfal pleasures wake ; Come o’er my soul with pleasing gloom and saddened raptures stealing, iL Like soft and mellow music o’er a summer moon formed at Scutari to enrol the names of lit lake. those who wish to serye in Asia. A corps Oh! why should ever we from home and friends go of “ Christian” cavalry is being formed,. roaming, to be under the command of Zaika, whose In search of strange adventure or of gold ? dismissal Russia formerly demanded. The cup of joy, though to the brimlet foaming, —_-. When drank mid faces strange, is dull and cold. y 1 "gy . 1Fus Cnuo: ——s N. x , ‘ : wi : oe — The N. O. Fi aae . When far away from cherished ones who loved us, in noticing a recent sickness of this dis. Like wanderers, lost on deserts drear, we go; / All notes harmonious ‘neath the heavens above us, tinguished man, has the following :— j 7 . Soand to the morbid ear, like solemn words of wo. ile has therefore determined to confine part Mt himself strictly to the duties of the pro-. As bright a sun above us here is shining, fession of which he is a distinguished! 4% b-est my native skies in days of yore ; member. We gather this from a letter ; But still my soul best sympathies are twining, : : . ‘Round hearts that beat on “ Pennsylvania’s shore. lately addressed by him to the New York' siting ee Historical Society, whose invitation to de. COME TO ME IN DREAMS LOVE. . . { liver the anniversary address, last year, he . BY GEO. D. PRENTICE. Come in beautiul dreams, love, nad accepted, but, for the reasons we have . pay the costs also, stated, has been obliged to decline. . _ Oh come to me oft, . Onthe night of December Sth, a colliston occurred on the New York and Erie Railroad, 4 1-2 mtles from the Jersey City depot, between the -express teain, which was coming to New York, and an emigrant train Which had just. started. sous were fatally, three seriously, and five or six slightly injared. A Woman’s Rights Convention has been sitting at Rochester, N. Y. The proceedings are represented to have been of a spirited characier. The ship Abby Pratt, from Caleutta to Boston, went ashore on the 16:h Dee,son on the Nantucket Shoals. Ste is a total loss Walter Turnbull, an old citizen of New! Orleans, was shot in that city on the 4th ult., by James Pattan. He died in afew minuies. Later from Harope ~ The Turks Still Sitecessful, The Asia arrived at New York on Dee. 1th, bringing Liverpool dates to December 3, 1855. ‘The news by the Asia has some points of importance. Along the Danube militay operations oa a large seale were prevented by unfavorable weather, but continual skirmishing was going on between the outposts.of the two armies. Ino Asia the success of the Turks was uninterrupted. They had captured some iuportant fort-, resses. At sca hostilities have commenced, and some vessels of both nations hare changed hands on the EKuxine. The Anglo Kleet remains at its anchorage, doing nothing. Russia and Turkey continue their preparations fora protracted war . . : : ae land slide occurred in El Dorado.,Canon,. ine article: It don’t matter how ugly he meanwhile the diplomatists are busied in arranging for a new conference, to be summoned at Vienna, Paris or London. Tire London Daily News hasan editorial stating its belief that the Turkish fleet, under Admiral Shade, had entered the Black Sea with the bold intention of attacking Sebastopol. No one who knows the courage of the Turks can doubt that. they would attempt it if appearances were at all in their favor. “The editorial points . out, from reliable sources, that Sabastopol, although said by Russians to be impreg-. nable, isin reality vulnerable even to a sea! attack. It would be a crowning glory to the cause of the Turks if the next mail should bring intelligence that the Turkish fleet had bombarded this pet stronghold of the Russians. ‘ It was reported in Paris on November 30th, that a project of a new conference to be held at Vienna, Paris or London to settle the Turkish difficulties definitely, may now be accepted as positive. It was farther said that a new Russian note had been addressed by Count Nesselrode to the diplomatic agents of Russia in France and England. Two per-. > xz é vit When the light wing of sleep Rarely do we see combined in one man S. On my bosom lies soft ; character so many shining traits as are OF come: wpanthe meta . concentrated in that of Rufus Choate. As lt cetanieee Gasteae aman of wide and varied learning, he has Like the pulse of the night ; few equals in our country. . His style of! Mee cag ate bts. writing is as lustrous as is that of his oF: . When the dews’s on the flower atory. Of the old field of ancient and/. And the star en the dew. .modern literature he is the perfect master. . /As a constitutional lawyer he is profound . and accurate; as an advocate, his success With the blossoms of May ; from the day of his admission to the bar Where each ie ~ as sweet has ever been proverbial. In_ politics, he! pe ape earn is firm, unwavering, persistent Union man, . As the breathings of love : a foe to all tampering with the a, Where he Oops igs ules: compromises of the constitution, and ever And our warm lips may catch ready to maintain them in their integrity, The sweet lessons they teach. , against alll assailants, When powers like these are crippled by ill health and so withdrawn from the beneficial uses to which they have ever been readily devoted, at the cail of the public, the rezret must be universal. Mr. Choate is still in the maturity of his’ age, and in Come in beautiful dreams, love, Oh, come and we'll stray, Where the whole year is crowred Come in beautiful dreams, love, Oh, come and we'll fly Like two winged spirits Oflove through the sky ; With hand clasped in hand, On our dreara wings we'll go Where the starlight and moovlight Are blending their giow ; And on bright elouds we'll singer . , Kd Of purple and geld ‘the full possession.of his great intellect— . — in Lovee angele envy We sincerely hope that he may yet F PaaS The bliss they behold! ——y his physical strength sufficiently to be further useful to his country. EpiroriaL CourreEsies.—At the late fire Rifles among the Californians,—It was . Was burnt out. noticed that all of the wounded among . saved, and the presses and paper were Jest. Col. Walker’s party were shot with KenThe Louisville Democrat, between whom tucky Rifles, at a distance of not less than . and the Journal there has always been a two hundred and fifty yards, from behind . Wat of words, the next morning after the bushes and gulches—showine that the nafire, offered all the facilities in their power se of weapons sets sod wet er. ‘Our press,” they say, “we vouc. ihn, weapons, but are well supplied with . aa tee: cond Wiiceery in Oe bustin) ois ye £2 as it does good democracy. Any slip-shod Farau Lanp Stwe.—The Placer Her. helf and half stuff may suffer. So let our ald, (Aburn,) of a recent date says that a . neighbor go ahead, and turn-out the genunear the flats, on Thursday night, 6th inst., . looks when.he writes ite To understand which covered a cabin, in which four min. the last hit, it must be remembered that ers were sleeping at the time, to the depth . each other’s beauty. They both, ‘It 1s of six feet. ‘Three of the men were in-. said, used to wear a veil soas not to fright-stintly killed; the fourth escaped. Two en the women. « of the deceased were named Smith; the I Prentice expresses the warmest thanks third Mitchell. The uninjured man is . in reply, and says, “hereafter when we named Jenkins. pei . are about to cut them’ to the bone, the . Sah ‘memory of their kindness ‘will stay our TrousBLe WITH THE IxDraNs.—The arm, and we will only take off the-skin — Downieville ‘Echo, of the 14th inst. says :. We fear, however, that if their press should . We are informed by a resident of Sierra . get a taste of our good Whigzery, it would Valley, that the Indians are becoming very . never let Democracy go through it again ; troublesome, pilfering, carrying off steck, . as a man who has eaten Seckel pears, refu$c. A party of them made a descent last . Ses ever after to swallow crab apples !”” . week upon Chapman’s Ranch, killing one ‘or two cattle, and doing other damage to r A . property. Mr. E. Haskellhad a fine. and a German were travelling together in . blooded mare on the above ranch, which. a diligence, and beth smoking. The Ger,the Indians wounded badly with their arman did all in his power to draw his com{ itikcinemwine Go AwAY TRoUBLE.—An Englishman . rows, panion into conversation, but to no purpose. ; t he would, with a supera. OW} W. hall sh 77 At ene momen ; » Wilt aco Ba Teel gle ie One yet . ce of pltenes,aplogifor din puappereen, is his absence his . ing his attention to the fact that the ash of wife applied for and obtained a divorce. his cigar had fallen on his waistcoat, > be The day after it was granted the husband ,*P@rk was endangering: his neckerchief_— This note defines the cases returned, and afterwards succeeded in get. At length the Englishman exclaimed— which would produce an interruption of . ting the decree of divorce set aside, The! . “by the deuce can’t you leave me alone 2? Your.coat tail has been burning in Louisville, Prentice’s Louisville Jowrnal . ment, an@ our minister at Most of the types were . cnter into negotiations on that subject. international relations or a complete rup-. wife, however, had married a second hus« ture between Russia and England, and_ band, named Weaver, in the meantime. France, A new manifesto from the Czar) The question now comes up, who is Mrs. is also spoken of. Irwin? Is she Mrs. Irwin. or, Mrs: Wea: The Sultan will take personal command. ver? And having been lawfully married of the army earlier than was contemplated. to both husbands, is she guilty of cone 3 From Adrianople he will proceed to Widdin, Schumla and Rustchuk. Odessa letters, reaching to Nov. 18, announce the receipt of an intimation that the Turks would eeize all Russian vessels In For 1rr—Charles Bosina was yeste?day sentenced to six months each in*th® county jail, in San. Francisco, on tw® charges of petit larceny. = LY ' na i for the last ten minutes, but J did not bother you about it.” Boston Post. The Forlorn Hope of Ladies.—Expecting an old sweetheart to marry you on the death of his third wife. -—“We ought not to quit our post without the permission of him who commands ; the post Of imtin is‘ life — Pythagoras.” Fellow citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives ; . The interest with which the people of the Republic anticipate the assembling of Congress, and the fulfillment on that‘occasfon ofthe duty imposed upon a new President, is one of the best evidences oftheir capacity to realize the hopes of the founders of a political system at once. complex and systematical. While the different branches ofthe Government ‘are, to a certain extent, independent of each other, the duties of all alike . have direct reference to thf source of power.— Fortunately, under this system, no man is so high and none so humble in the scale of public station, as to escape from the scrutiny, or to be exempt from the responsibility which all official functions, imply. ie Teas the justice and intelligence of the masses, in a government thus organized, is the sele reliance of the confederacy and the only security for honest and earnest devotion to its interests against the usurpations and encroachments of power on the one hand, and the assaults ofpersonal ambition on the other. The interest of which I have spoken is inseperable from an inquiring self.geverning commu‘nity, but stimulated, doubtless, at the present time by the unsettled condition of our relations with several foreign powers, by the new obligations resulting from a sudder extension of the field of enterprise, by the spirit with: which that field has been entered, and the amazing energy with which its resources for meeting the demands of humanity have been developed. Although disease, assuming at one time the charaeteristic of a'wide spread and devastating pestilence, has left its sad traces upon some portions of our country, we have still the most abundant cause tor reverent thankfulness to God for an accumulation of signal mercies showered upon usasanation. Ii is well that a consciousness of rapid advancement and increasing strength ge habitnally associated with an abiding sense of de. pendence upon Him who holds in his hands the . destiny of men and of nations. . Recognizing the wisdom of the broad prineiple , of absolute religious toleration proclaimed in our fundamental law, and rejoicing in the benign influence which ithas exerted upon our social and political condition, I should shrink from a clear i duty did I fail to express my deepest conviction ' that we can place no secure reliance upen any apparent progress if it be not sustained by National integrity, resting upon the great truths affirmed and illustrated by Divine revelation. In the midst of our sorrow for the afflicted and suffering, ithas been consoling to see how promptly disaster made true neighbers of districts and cities, separated widely from each other ; and cheering . to watch the strength of that common bond of . of this Union, when danger threatens from abroad . or calamity impends over us at home. . brotherhood which unites all hearts in all parts . ; '., Martin Koszta, a Hungarian by birth, came to this country in 1850, and declared his intention in due form of law to become acitizen of the United States. After remaining here nearly two years he visited Turkey. While at Smyrna he was forcibly » seized, taken on board an Austrian brig of war, then lying in the harbor of that place, and there confined in irons with the avowed design to take him into the dominions of Austria. Our consul at Smyrna, and legation at Constantinople, interposed for . his refease, but their efforts were ineffectual. While thus imprisoned, Commander Ingraham, with the U. S. ship of war St. Leuis arrived at Smyrna, and after inquiring into the circumstances of the. case came to the conclusion that Koszta was entitled to . the protection of this Government, and took ener' getic and prompt measures for his release. Under . ANarrangement between the agents of the United. States and Austria, he was transferred to the custo“dy of the French Cunsul General, Smyrna, there to ‘demain until he disposed by the mutual agreement of the Consuls of the respective governments at that lace. Pursuant to that agreement he has been reeased, and is now. in the U.S, The Emperor of Austria has made the conduct of your officer who took part in this transaction a subject of grave complaint. Regarding Koszta as still his subject, and claiming a right to seize him within the limits of _ the Turkish empire, he has demanded ef this Government its consent to the surrender of the prisener ,a disavowal of the acts of its agents, and satis‘faction of the case. I came to the conclusion that Koszta was seized withont legal authority at Smyrna, that he was wrongfully detained on board the ' Austrian brig of war, that at the time of this seizure he was clothed with the Netionality of the United States, and that the acts of our officers, under the circumstances of the case, were justifiable, and their conduct has been fully approved by me, and a compliance with the several demands of the emperor of Austria has been declined. For a more full account of this transaction, and my views in regard to it, I ‘refer yon to the correspondence between the Charge 4’ Affairs of Austria and Seeretary of State, which is herewith transmitted. Tbe principles and policy therein mentiened onthe part of the United States, will, whenever a propet occasion occurs, be applied and enforced. The conditien of China at this time, renders it probable that some important changes will occur in , that vast empire, which willlead tea more unreStricted intercourse with it. The Commissioner to that country, whe has been recently appointed, is ‘ instructed to avail himself of all occasions to open andextend ourcommercial relations not only withthe empire of China, but with other Asiatic nations. In 1852 an expedition was sent to Japan under the command of CemmodJore Perry, for the purpose of opening commercial intercourse with that Island. Intelligence has been received of his arrival there, , and of his having made known tothe [Emperor of . Japan the object of his visit. butit is not yet ascer. tained how far the Emperor will be disposed to aban, don his restrictive policy, and open that populous country to acommercia! intercourse with the United States. It has been my earnest desire to maintain a friend. ly intercourse with this continent, and to aid them In preserving a good understanding among themselves. With Mexice a dispute has arisen as to the bounOur diplomatic relations with foreign powers . dary line between our territory of New Mexico and have undergone no essential change since the ad. journment of the last Congress. Fi them, questions of a disturbing character are still pending, but there are good reasons to believe that these may all be amicably adjusted, strued the first article of the Convention of the 20th Avril 1818, in regard to the fisheries on the northeastern coast, as to exclude our citizens from quent to the date of that treaty. The United States have never acquiesced in this construction but have always claimed for their fishermen all . rights which they had so long enjoyed without nrolestation. Withaview to remove all difficulties on the subject, to extend the rights beyond tke limits fixed by the Convention of 1818, and to regulate trade between the United States and the. British North American provinces, a negotiation . has been opened, with a fair prospect of a favorable result. ‘To protect our fishermen in the en. joyment of their rights, and prevent collision be. tween them and British fishermen, I deemed it . expedient to station a naval force in that quarter . . duving the fishing season. Embarrassing questions have also arisen between the governments . in regard to Central America. Great Britain has . propesed to settle them by an amicable arrangendon is instructed to ' A commission for adjusting the claims of our. citizens against Great Britain and those of Brit. ish subjects against the United States organized . junder the convention of the 8th February last, is . . how sitting in Lomtion for the tran3action of busiRess. 1t is in many respects: desirable that the boun. tive Californians are not only skilled in the . to their-neighbors in getting out ne . dary line between the United States and the British provinces in the northwest, as designated in . the convention of the 15th June, 1846, and espec. ially that part which separates the territory of . Washington from the British possessions on the north, should be traced and marked. I therefore present the subject to your notice. With France our relations continue on the . mest frendly footing. The extensive commerce . between the United: States and thaticountry might it is conceived, be released: from some ‘unnecess. ary restxictions, to the mutual advantage of both . parties, With a view to this object some progress has been'made in negotiating a treaty of . commerce and navigation. caanieanene Independently of our valuable trade with Spain, . we have important political relations with her, . growing out of our neighborhood to the Island of . Cuba and Porte Rice. I am happy to annownee . that since the last Congress, no attempt has been . made . by unauthorized expeditions within the . United States against either of these colonies. — Should any movement be maintained within our limits, all means at my cemmand will be vigorously exerted to repress it. Several annoying oe: . the'tree use of those means which nature has prothe Mexican State of Chihuahua. A former Comthat line ; pursnant to the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, made a serious mistake in determining the initial point on the Rio Grande But, inasmuch mJ : 2 } . i a1 i € i iFor some years past Great Britain has so conas his decision was clearly a departure from the di rections for tracing the boundary contained in that treaty, and was not concurred in by the Surveyor appointed on the part of the United States, whose concurrence was necessary to give validity to that some of the @shing grounds to which they freely . decision, this government is not concluded thereby, resorted for nearly a quarter of a century snbse. but that ot Mexico takes a different view of the sub. ject. There are also questions of considerable importance pending between the two republics. Our minister in Mexico has ample instructions to adjust them. Negotiations have been opened, but sufficient progress has not been made therein to enable me to speak of the probable result. Impressed with the importance of maintaining amicable relations wit that republic, and of yielding with liberality to all her just claims, it is reasonable to expect that an arrangement mutually satisfactory to both countries may be consummated, and a lasting friend ship between them confirmed and perpetuated. Congress having provided for a full mission to the States of Central America, a minister was sent there in July last. As yet he has had time to visit only one of the States, Nicaragua, where he was received in the most friehdly manner. It is hoped that his presence and good offices will have a benign etfect in composing the dissensions which prevail inom them, and in establishing stiii more intimate and friendly relations between them respectively, and between each of them and the United States Considering the vast region of this continent, and the number of States which would be made acceasible by the free navigation of the river Amazon, particular attention has been given to this subject.— Brazil, through whose territories it passes into the i dl ke > am' ® % + tebe bi oe ee . ? cif ’ Sete null 3 i is : # i oma " ” : Gsiw ‘ Res * ~ WHOLE NO. 177. portunity for the adoptien of a more comprehensive and unembarrassed Jine of policy and action as. to the great material interests of the country, Whether regarded in themselves or ia connection with the powers of the civilized world. : ’ ' The United States having continued gradually and steadily to expand through acquisition of terr tory, which, how muchsoever some of them Riay have been questiened, are now universally sen and admitted to have been wise in poli.y, just in chr acter, and a great element in the. advancement of our country, and with it of the human race in freedom, in prosperity, and in happiness. The thirteen @tates have grown to be thirty-one, with relatiéns reaching to Europe on the one side and ‘un the other to distant realms of Asia. , IT am deeply sensible of th* imménse reshonsib ity which the present magnitude ot the Republie and the diversity and multiplicity of its interests devolves upon me, the alleviation of which, so far as relates to the immedinte conduct of the public busi ness, is first in my reliance ou the wisdom and patriotism of the two Houses of Congress, rnd seeondly, in the directions afforded me by the principles of pablic policy athtmed by our fathers of the «epoch of 1798, sanctioned by long experience and consecrated anew by the overwhelming voice of the people of the United States. = 1. , Recuriing to these principles, which constitute organic basis of Union, we perceive that vastas sce the fénctions and the duties ef the Fedoral Gover, ment vested in or entrusted to its three great depargments, the Legislative, !"xecutive and Judicie! yet the substantial power, the pepniar force and the large capacities for social and material development, exist in the respective States, whiciy all being oof them=:elves well constituted republics as they preceeded, so they alone are cap. bie of maintaining and perpetuating the American Union. The Federal Government has’ its appropriated line of action in the specific and limited powers conferred on by the constitution, Chiefly as to those things in which the States have a common interest in theit relations toone another and to foreign governments, while-tho great mass of interests which belong to cultivated men, the ordinary business of life, the springs of industry, all the diversitied personal and. domestic ailairs of society rest securely upon the general reserved powers of the people of the several States. There is the etlective democraey of the nation, and there the vital essence of its being and greatness.— Of the practical consequences which ilow from the nature of the lederal Government, the primary one is the duty of administering with integrity aud fidelity the high trust reposed in it by the Coustiution, especially iu the application of the public funds as drawn by taxation trom the people, and sppropria ed to specific objects by Congress Happily, I hive no cecasion to sugges? auy radical ehenges in the financial affairs of the Government. Ovrs is almost if not absolutely the solitary power of christendom having a surplas revenue drawn immediately trom imposts on commerce, and therefore measured by the spontaneous enterprise and national presperity of the country, with such indirect r:lation to agriculture, manulaciures, and the products of the earth anc sea as to violate no constitutiona: doctrine. Of chese objecis the firs: nas been in the course of accomplishinent in a munrer and to 2 degree highly satisfactory. The amount of the public debt of classes was on the 4th of March, 1853, $08,100,087 60, pavments on account of which have been made since that peried to the amount of $12,703,229 00, leaving unpaid and in the continuous course of liquidation, the sum of $56,486.703 90. The payment, altuéugh made at the market price of the respeclive classes of stock, have been effecied rendily and to the general advantages of the Troasury, and have at the same time proved of signal utility in the relief they have incidentally afforded to the money market and to the industrial and commercial purstits of the country. The second of the above mentioned object, that of the reduction of the tariff, is of great importance, and the plan suggested by the sveretery of the Treasury. which is to reduce duties om certuin articles now taxed. und especiaijly such as enter into manufactures, and ure not largely or ait all produced ia the country, is commended tu yout candid and careful consideration. — You will find. in the report of 184 Secretary of the Treasury. also, abundant proof, of the adequacy of the present fiscul system to meei all the requirements of the public, and thai, while preperly administered, it operates to the A ae ng SS eS SSSR <> esesntesistsioonndi> amnion ~~ ith some of . mission of the United States, employed in runniag . advantage of the community in ordinary business relations. L respectfully ask your attention to sundry suggestion’ . of improvements in the setiicment of accounts, especially as regards the large sums of outstanding arrears due to the Government, and cf other reforms in the administrative action of his department, which are indicated by the . Secretary ; as also to the progress made in theconstraction of Marine Hospitals, Custom Houses, and a new Mintin California, aud Assay Office in the city of New Yerk, heretofore provided for by Congress; and aiso the eminently Successful progress of the coast survey, and the Lighthouse Board. ; Among the objects meriting your attention portant recommendations from the Sceretarics of War and ofthe Navy. Lam fully satisfied that the Navy of the United States is not in a condition ef strengthnand effictency commensurate wiih the maguitude of our commercial and other interests, and commend to your especial attention the suggestions on this subject made by ine Secrutary ot the Navy. I respect n!!y submit that the Army, which under eur system must alwnys be regarded with the highest interest as a nucleons wround which the volunteer forces of the nation gather in the hour of danger, requires aucmentation or modification to adapt it to the preseit extended limits and frontier relations of the country, and the condition of the Ludian tribes iu the interior of the conti pient, the necessily of which will appear in the cominuni, cations of the Secretaries of War and the Interior. } bnthe adnainisiration of the Posi Oilice Lo partment for the fiscal year ending June °9, 1853 the gross expenditure was $7,972,256 00, and the gross receipts during the same period. $5,942,734 0. showing that the current revenuo failed te meet the current expensas of the department by the sum of $2.042,032. 60. The causes which under the present postal system and laws lect inevitably to this resalture fully explained by the report of the Post Master General, one ong se bein the enormous rates tie department bas been compelled to. pay fer mail services rendered by rail road companier. the exhibit in the report of the Post Muster Coenersbof the income ard expendiures by mail steamers wiiil be found peculiarly interesting. ind of a characte: tu de:aand the immediate acticn of Congress Numerous and fisgrant frauds upon the Pension Buréan Will be im ocean, has hitherto persisted in a ‘policy so restrichave been Prought to light within the last year. and in . tive inregard to the use of this river,-as to obstruct sume instunces nierited puluisinient inflicted, Lut unfprSee . . aly in other: ity parties have escaped. { ug) and nearly exclude foreign cmmercial intercourse . {navel Bother. gully per ice have cecaped. not {hep with the States which ike upon its tributaries and . upper branches. Our minister to that country is instructed to obtain a relaxation of that policy, and . the want of suffictent evidence to warrant a conviction, . but in consequence of the provisions of jimitation in the exisling laws. From the natnre of these claims, the remoteness of the to use his efforts to induce the Brazilian government . tribunals to pass upon them and the mode in which the , to open tocommou use, under proper safécuards, this great natural highway ter internatioual trade.— . Several of the South American States are deeply interested in this attempt to secure the free navigation of the Amazon. and it is reasonable to expect their co-operation in the measure. As the advantages of icee commercial intercourse smong natiaus are better understood, more liberal views are genproof.is of necessity fornished—tewypiations to .crime have been. greatly suimulied by the obvions diflicuiiies of deiection. The defects in the law upon this subject ere so apnarent ard so fatal to the dads of justice, that your early action relating.to it is most desirable. During the last Beet your M819 437 acres or ihé publ ie la have becn surveyed, and (0.373.561 actes brought into market. Within the same period the sales by public purchgse and private cutry amoinied Lo 1,633,495 acres erally entertained as to the common rights of all ‘to . ocated tmder other certificat*s 9.427 acres. Geded to the vided for vioregto cath c@tamunication. . Tu’ these more jiberal.and enligntened views: itis hoped that Brazil will Hi ky policy, and remove all un. niecessary restrictions upon the freé use of a river which traverses 80 many States and so large a part of the continent. ' Law happy: to inform you that the ropublic of Par. ay and the A ine. Confederation bave yieldas the vera eg still resisted by Brazil, -to the navigable AV¥Grd’ within their respective. territories. Treaties embracing this subject athong others have beet negetiated with these governnients which will be submitted to the Senate at the present currences have taken place at Havana, in the viese cinity of the island of Cuba, between our citizens and the Spauish authorities. Considering the proximity of that island fo our shores, lying as it does inthe track of trade between some of out! the islands of that country, principal cities, and the suspicious vigilance with which foreign intercourse, particularly that of the United States, is there guarded, a repetition of such occurrence may be well apprehended. As ne diplomatic intercourse is allowed between our . Consul at Havana and the Captain General of Cuba, ready explanations. cannot. be made, the present presented to ‘this governinent and then referred to Spain. Spain again refers it to her local autherities in Cuba for investigation, and postpones an answer till she has heard from these anthorities. To avoid these irritating ‘and vexatious delays; a propesition has been made to previde for a direct appeal for redrcss to the captain General by our consul, in behalf of owr injured fellow-citizens. Hitherto the government of Spain has declined to enter into ‘such arrangement. ‘This course on her part is coer regretted, for withont some arrangement of this kind the good understanding between the two countries may ‘be exposed te occasional interruption. Oar minister at Madrid is instructed to. renew the proposition and to press it again upon the comblontian of her Catholic Majesty's government. A new branch of commerce, important to the agricultural interests of the United States, has within a few past years:been opened with Peru. Notwithstanding the inexhaustible-deposits of guano pon s ; considerable difficulties are experienced in obtaining the requisite s ply. Measares have been taken to remove these difficulties, and fo secure a more abundant importation of the article. Unfortunately, there has been a serious collision . between our citizens. who have resorted to the Chincha Islands for it, and the Peruyiah authorities stationed there. Redress for the outrages nat: OF . committed by the latter was promptiy demanded b prompt redress afforded where injury has resulted « our minister at Lima, paren asy ey ; Allcomp!dints on the part of our citizefis under . This subject is now under consideration, and there isreason to believe. that ement must in the first place be . Pern is disposed to offer adequate indemnity tp the Pee parties. Sapa e are thus, not only at peace with all foreign countries, but in regard to political affairs are exempt from any cause of serious disquietude in our domestic relations. . ‘ : The controversies which have agitated the country heretefore are passing away with the causes whic produced them, and the passions which they had awakened, or if any trace of Tempins it may be reasonably hoped that it will only be perceived in the zealous rivalry of all good citizens to testily their respect for the rights of the States, their d Sak cahone of tha Sthcen, ihr inatioutions daa wel that each one of the States, its: 1s, : fave and its domestic Pesce shall Pebele alike secure under the sacred aegis constitution. — This new league of amity and of mutaal confidence and support, into which the-peopté of the Republic have entered, happily afferds inducement and opORES, States as swamp lands 16,684,243 acres, seleéted: for rail road and other ubjects under act of Congress, 1,457,467 acres. Total amount of lands‘disposed of wich the fiscal year, 25,356,992 acres, which is an increase in .uantity seld and locaied under lund warrants and geants of ec 4 $18 acres over the fiscal year immediate ly-preceding. quantity of lund sold during the’second and third quarter of 1852, was $623,687. The quantity soid the second and ihird quarters of the year 1003, was 1,509,919 acres uid ibe amount received. thereof was $5,226,576) E The whole numbeF of land warrants issued under existing laws prior to the 30th of Sept. last was 260,042, of which there were outstanding at that date 56,947. Lhe quantity of land required to satisfy these outstanding warrants js 4,778,120 acres.) Warrants have been issued to 30th Sept. last under the act of Lithef Febraary 1447. calling for 12,879,280 acres; under acis of. September 27th, 1$20, and March 22d $852, callrng for 12,505,360 acres, making a ttal of 25,384.640 acres. vis believed that expenence has verified the Wisdom and justice of the presentsysicmm with regard to the pubtic domain, in most essential particulars. You will perceive from the report of the Secretary of the Interivr, that opinions which huye often beck expressedin relation to the operation of the !and system, 2s not being a source of revenue to the federal Treasury, were erroneous, The nett profits from the sale oi tbe public lands to June 30, 1853, amounted to the sum of $53.2°9.465 l recommend the extension of ihe Jand system over the territory of Utah aud New Mexico with such modifications i aharities may require. a ee! our public Sonkete as Chiefly valuable to provide farms for pe cs sang and cp en = pared somimend any essential c ge iw and acne pa by Mrodifieatton in favor of the actual settler, and an extensica of the pre-emption ‘princip®. certuis cases, for reasons and a ee “ one ware e fully ; ed in the reports to be hud beiore you. ney eee Aabening the proprietors of the ae domain, and charged especialiy With power to dispure © territory belonging io the United States, has for a lows course of years, beginning with the administration of Nir. Jefferson, exercised ihe power to consirtct roads within the territories, and there are sv many and obvious distinctions between this. exercise of power and that of making roads through the States, that the former has never been considered subject to such objections as appry io ihe latepr; and such tay now be cousidered the settled con. struction of the power of the Federal Government upon the subject. : i ' » Numerous applications eaye been, and no doubt, will continue to.beaede, for grauis of land in aid of the con. struction of railways. Itis not believed to be with tie intent and meaning of the Constitution, that the power to dispose of the public-domain should be used otherwise than might be expected from a prudent proprietor, ant therefore, that grunts of land to aid iu the conStructicu ef

. THE JO ORIGINAL DEFECT! ee RWAL, iCBDLISHED EVERY FREDAY MORNING BY — : a = m atone that may fall into their power after the 20th November ; and on the Russian side notice had been given that ‘Purkish vesséls would be seized after the 23d. ————— For the Nevada Journal, Thoughts of Home. I see thee now my native, well loved home, Rich in thy beauties rare of vale and hill; NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, FRIDAY MORNING, JANUARY 20, 1854. . The Sacramento Union of the 13th, containFor several years Spain has been ealling the attention of this government to a claim for losses by some of her subjects in the case of the schooner Amistad: BUDD & SKELTON, Office on Broad street, opposite the Court House. Nevada The Ulemas have offered to furnish gold ;and silver from the treasuries of the ¢hurch For one year, in wee pnd «Picea $7 00 . to aid in the Wat, but the Sultan has de“or three months,.., i Sad sas Tio waren neers me OE 2 : . +s Fh ee eames ak EEE ee ee Ore 25 . ties the covering of a religious war. So Legal Blanke v/ ali kinds for sale at this oftice. Job Work in all its varieties, promptly and neatly executed, at reasonable rates. . it is feported from Constantinople, but it is well known that the church has already Where gleeful waters through the meadows roam, And murmer “earth hath many an Eden still.’”» Plain to my mental Vision life-like seeming, : Each well remembered object takes its stand ; As when in summer’s early sunshine dreaming, Of filthy gold, I left my native land. In memory’s magic mirror sadly gazing, ing President Pierce's Message, was delivered . This claim is believed to rest on the hat ent im, * 2 posed by our existing treaty with that eduntry.— tous, on Saturday afternoon, it having been 1ts justice was admitted in our diplomati¢ corresirinemitted by the Hamecy route to tep-Rigeif ppnienen pith she Seniehiaeresmentes aatiy 44 : 1 F ’ ‘ ‘ 5) z coast, and arrived at the bay per steamer Co-/ nual message of that year, recommended that promepensresomcttyes “ps Pe Sere: rq nig emer emanate eres apd po Sain em ly for that paper. The telegraphing occupied . nips It has received a favorable obashioansics ; y committees of both branches, but as yet there six hours and ? helt ; {has been no final action upon it. I conceive that P R E fy I DE N T 9 NY M E § NY A GE o7 good faith requires its prompt adjustment, and . present it to your early and favorable corisideratior: Advertisements inserted at low rates. L.P. Fisher is our only‘authorized agent at San trancisco. He may be found at his desk at the Merchants’ Exchange. A. Delano, 2t Wells, Fargo & Co.’s office,is our authorized agent at Grass Valley. Per Wells, Fargo §& Co. rrival of the Cortez. ‘The s‘eamer Cortez arrived at San! b) ~ ~ . 1 rancisco at 7 o’clock on the 15th inst.— } . The news is eight days later. . The New York papers are filled with . proceedings of the Mitchel banquet which took place at the Broadway Theatre. onthe 19th December. Some six hun-. dred people sat down to dinner; and the. boxes were filled with ladies. Charles . O'Conner, Esq., presided, and speeches . were made by Messrs. Mitchel, Meagher, O'Gorman and Smyth. aay A war is waging among the democrats ef Vermont, in imitation of the recent flareup in the ranks in New York. The steamship Humboldt, from Havre . and Cowes on the 2% Nevember, went: shore about 12 miles below Halifax, and has become a total wreck. Ler passengers . and crew were ail saved. . Snow commenced falling in the vicinity’ of New York on the 19th. Snow has also fallen at Philadelphia, Buffalo, Cleveland and Detroit. Three hundred and eighty-one persons died in the city of New York, during the! week ending 10th December. R. H. Collins, editor of the Maysville (Ky.) £&cg/e, shot Luther Dobyns in the forehead at Maysville, on the 16th Dec. The slocp-of-war Decatur, has been ordered to the Vacitic under command oi Commander Sterreit. Damaces—James Gordon Bennett, : editor and proprietor of the New OFrix Herald, has been tried and fined 810.000 9 for libeiing Edward P. Fry. He has to him to keep as quiet as possible in the . genuine or not remains to be seen. the Foundroyant, the same which brought ‘remained there at his disposal during his to serve in Europe, but an office has been applied a large amount from its*¢eoffers: Oné@he 24th ult, Shamyl and: Ismael Pacha were to make an attack on the Russian line. The result has not reached us. Omar Pacha has intercepted and sent, lvet green; to Constantinoplé a letter “from Prince . While breath hit Nen va shields of shady tree, Menchikoff to Gen.Gortchakoff, advising . Invite oblivion of carés troubled scene. Beyond the brook a deep old wood is bending Its graceful foliage to the waters side ; Between the playfullambs with bounds are spreading Their mirthful vigor o’er the meadows wide, _ 1 see each cherished spot upon that dear. old farm, In blossoming fields, the lazy steers are grazing, And_-birds ate singing without fear of harm. Upen the same old hill, the homestead w hich I see, Surrounded well with yard of velvet green ; Principalities. . Whether this letter -is ~ A subscription opened at Smyrna to purchase horses for the Turkish army amounted in a few days to 260,000 piasfers, “y The reason of the recall of the Russian Ambassador from Constantinople was the sympathy he expressed in private for the ‘lurks against the Russians, The name of the Russian steam frigate sunk by the Turkish forts off Batun was Peace, joy and beauty o’er that scene are blending, Like rainbow colors in a summer sky ; , No poet yet, on fancy’s pinions wending’ The way of thoughts, hath caught a theme se high. But dearer far tome that scene which nature graces The friends ny heart holds fast—I see them bid, A father, brother, sister's smiling faces, Give the heart highest rapture to the view. (Long has my mother dear, ’neath church yards sod been sleeping, Her parts immortal in the Heavens rest; But still, full oft, are eyes made red with weeping, By thoughts of bim,’mong those her virtues blest.) Prince Menchikoff to Constantinople, and stay. Fifty pieces of artil'ery have been sent to Adrianople. An Armenian architect liad gone to put the palace at that city i1 repair for the reception of the Sultan. Austrian fugitives will not be permitted Sweet memories too, of youthful friends, whose notes of laughter pealing, With joyous ring, through those old rooms, bid nmirthfal pleasures wake ; Come o’er my soul with pleasing gloom and saddened raptures stealing, iL Like soft and mellow music o’er a summer moon formed at Scutari to enrol the names of lit lake. those who wish to serye in Asia. A corps Oh! why should ever we from home and friends go of “ Christian” cavalry is being formed,. roaming, to be under the command of Zaika, whose In search of strange adventure or of gold ? dismissal Russia formerly demanded. The cup of joy, though to the brimlet foaming, —_-. When drank mid faces strange, is dull and cold. y 1 "gy . 1Fus Cnuo: ——s N. x , ‘ : wi : oe — The N. O. Fi aae . When far away from cherished ones who loved us, in noticing a recent sickness of this dis. Like wanderers, lost on deserts drear, we go; / All notes harmonious ‘neath the heavens above us, tinguished man, has the following :— j 7 . Soand to the morbid ear, like solemn words of wo. ile has therefore determined to confine part Mt himself strictly to the duties of the pro-. As bright a sun above us here is shining, fession of which he is a distinguished! 4% b-est my native skies in days of yore ; member. We gather this from a letter ; But still my soul best sympathies are twining, : : . ‘Round hearts that beat on “ Pennsylvania’s shore. lately addressed by him to the New York' siting ee Historical Society, whose invitation to de. COME TO ME IN DREAMS LOVE. . . { liver the anniversary address, last year, he . BY GEO. D. PRENTICE. Come in beautiul dreams, love, nad accepted, but, for the reasons we have . pay the costs also, stated, has been obliged to decline. . _ Oh come to me oft, . Onthe night of December Sth, a colliston occurred on the New York and Erie Railroad, 4 1-2 mtles from the Jersey City depot, between the -express teain, which was coming to New York, and an emigrant train Which had just. started. sous were fatally, three seriously, and five or six slightly injared. A Woman’s Rights Convention has been sitting at Rochester, N. Y. The proceedings are represented to have been of a spirited characier. The ship Abby Pratt, from Caleutta to Boston, went ashore on the 16:h Dee,son on the Nantucket Shoals. Ste is a total loss Walter Turnbull, an old citizen of New! Orleans, was shot in that city on the 4th ult., by James Pattan. He died in afew minuies. Later from Harope ~ The Turks Still Sitecessful, The Asia arrived at New York on Dee. 1th, bringing Liverpool dates to December 3, 1855. ‘The news by the Asia has some points of importance. Along the Danube militay operations oa a large seale were prevented by unfavorable weather, but continual skirmishing was going on between the outposts.of the two armies. Ino Asia the success of the Turks was uninterrupted. They had captured some iuportant fort-, resses. At sca hostilities have commenced, and some vessels of both nations hare changed hands on the EKuxine. The Anglo Kleet remains at its anchorage, doing nothing. Russia and Turkey continue their preparations fora protracted war . . : : ae land slide occurred in El Dorado.,Canon,. ine article: It don’t matter how ugly he meanwhile the diplomatists are busied in arranging for a new conference, to be summoned at Vienna, Paris or London. Tire London Daily News hasan editorial stating its belief that the Turkish fleet, under Admiral Shade, had entered the Black Sea with the bold intention of attacking Sebastopol. No one who knows the courage of the Turks can doubt that. they would attempt it if appearances were at all in their favor. “The editorial points . out, from reliable sources, that Sabastopol, although said by Russians to be impreg-. nable, isin reality vulnerable even to a sea! attack. It would be a crowning glory to the cause of the Turks if the next mail should bring intelligence that the Turkish fleet had bombarded this pet stronghold of the Russians. ‘ It was reported in Paris on November 30th, that a project of a new conference to be held at Vienna, Paris or London to settle the Turkish difficulties definitely, may now be accepted as positive. It was farther said that a new Russian note had been addressed by Count Nesselrode to the diplomatic agents of Russia in France and England. Two per-. > xz é vit When the light wing of sleep Rarely do we see combined in one man S. On my bosom lies soft ; character so many shining traits as are OF come: wpanthe meta . concentrated in that of Rufus Choate. As lt cetanieee Gasteae aman of wide and varied learning, he has Like the pulse of the night ; few equals in our country. . His style of! Mee cag ate bts. writing is as lustrous as is that of his oF: . When the dews’s on the flower atory. Of the old field of ancient and/. And the star en the dew. .modern literature he is the perfect master. . /As a constitutional lawyer he is profound . and accurate; as an advocate, his success With the blossoms of May ; from the day of his admission to the bar Where each ie ~ as sweet has ever been proverbial. In_ politics, he! pe ape earn is firm, unwavering, persistent Union man, . As the breathings of love : a foe to all tampering with the a, Where he Oops igs ules: compromises of the constitution, and ever And our warm lips may catch ready to maintain them in their integrity, The sweet lessons they teach. , against alll assailants, When powers like these are crippled by ill health and so withdrawn from the beneficial uses to which they have ever been readily devoted, at the cail of the public, the rezret must be universal. Mr. Choate is still in the maturity of his’ age, and in Come in beautiful dreams, love, Oh, come and we'll stray, Where the whole year is crowred Come in beautiful dreams, love, Oh, come and we'll fly Like two winged spirits Oflove through the sky ; With hand clasped in hand, On our dreara wings we'll go Where the starlight and moovlight Are blending their giow ; And on bright elouds we'll singer . , Kd Of purple and geld ‘the full possession.of his great intellect— . — in Lovee angele envy We sincerely hope that he may yet F PaaS The bliss they behold! ——y his physical strength sufficiently to be further useful to his country. EpiroriaL CourreEsies.—At the late fire Rifles among the Californians,—It was . Was burnt out. noticed that all of the wounded among . saved, and the presses and paper were Jest. Col. Walker’s party were shot with KenThe Louisville Democrat, between whom tucky Rifles, at a distance of not less than . and the Journal there has always been a two hundred and fifty yards, from behind . Wat of words, the next morning after the bushes and gulches—showine that the nafire, offered all the facilities in their power se of weapons sets sod wet er. ‘Our press,” they say, “we vouc. ihn, weapons, but are well supplied with . aa tee: cond Wiiceery in Oe bustin) ois ye £2 as it does good democracy. Any slip-shod Farau Lanp Stwe.—The Placer Her. helf and half stuff may suffer. So let our ald, (Aburn,) of a recent date says that a . neighbor go ahead, and turn-out the genunear the flats, on Thursday night, 6th inst., . looks when.he writes ite To understand which covered a cabin, in which four min. the last hit, it must be remembered that ers were sleeping at the time, to the depth . each other’s beauty. They both, ‘It 1s of six feet. ‘Three of the men were in-. said, used to wear a veil soas not to fright-stintly killed; the fourth escaped. Two en the women. « of the deceased were named Smith; the I Prentice expresses the warmest thanks third Mitchell. The uninjured man is . in reply, and says, “hereafter when we named Jenkins. pei . are about to cut them’ to the bone, the . Sah ‘memory of their kindness ‘will stay our TrousBLe WITH THE IxDraNs.—The arm, and we will only take off the-skin — Downieville ‘Echo, of the 14th inst. says :. We fear, however, that if their press should . We are informed by a resident of Sierra . get a taste of our good Whigzery, it would Valley, that the Indians are becoming very . never let Democracy go through it again ; troublesome, pilfering, carrying off steck, . as a man who has eaten Seckel pears, refu$c. A party of them made a descent last . Ses ever after to swallow crab apples !”” . week upon Chapman’s Ranch, killing one ‘or two cattle, and doing other damage to r A . property. Mr. E. Haskellhad a fine. and a German were travelling together in . blooded mare on the above ranch, which. a diligence, and beth smoking. The Ger,the Indians wounded badly with their arman did all in his power to draw his com{ itikcinemwine Go AwAY TRoUBLE.—An Englishman . rows, panion into conversation, but to no purpose. ; t he would, with a supera. OW} W. hall sh 77 At ene momen ; » Wilt aco Ba Teel gle ie One yet . ce of pltenes,aplogifor din puappereen, is his absence his . ing his attention to the fact that the ash of wife applied for and obtained a divorce. his cigar had fallen on his waistcoat, > be The day after it was granted the husband ,*P@rk was endangering: his neckerchief_— This note defines the cases returned, and afterwards succeeded in get. At length the Englishman exclaimed— which would produce an interruption of . ting the decree of divorce set aside, The! . “by the deuce can’t you leave me alone 2? Your.coat tail has been burning in Louisville, Prentice’s Louisville Jowrnal . ment, an@ our minister at Most of the types were . cnter into negotiations on that subject. international relations or a complete rup-. wife, however, had married a second hus« ture between Russia and England, and_ band, named Weaver, in the meantime. France, A new manifesto from the Czar) The question now comes up, who is Mrs. is also spoken of. Irwin? Is she Mrs. Irwin. or, Mrs: Wea: The Sultan will take personal command. ver? And having been lawfully married of the army earlier than was contemplated. to both husbands, is she guilty of cone 3 From Adrianople he will proceed to Widdin, Schumla and Rustchuk. Odessa letters, reaching to Nov. 18, announce the receipt of an intimation that the Turks would eeize all Russian vessels In For 1rr—Charles Bosina was yeste?day sentenced to six months each in*th® county jail, in San. Francisco, on tw® charges of petit larceny. = LY ' na i for the last ten minutes, but J did not bother you about it.” Boston Post. The Forlorn Hope of Ladies.—Expecting an old sweetheart to marry you on the death of his third wife.. -—“We ought not to quit our post without the permission of him who commands ; the post Of imtin is‘ life — Pythagoras.” Fellow citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives ; . The interest with which the people of the Republic anticipate the assembling of Congress, and the fulfillment on that‘occasfon ofthe duty imposed upon a new President, is one of the best evidences oftheir capacity to realize the hopes of the founders of a political system at once. complex and systematical. While the different branches ofthe Government ‘are, to a certain extent, independent of each other, the duties of all alike . have direct reference to thf source of power.— Fortunately, under this system, no man is so high and none so humble in the scale of public station, as to escape from the scrutiny, or to be exempt from the responsibility which all official functions, imply. ie Teas the justice and intelligence of the masses, in a government thus organized, is the sele reliance of the confederacy and the only security for honest and earnest devotion to its interests against the usurpations and encroachments of power on the one hand, and the assaults ofpersonal ambition on the other. The interest of which I have spoken is inseperable from an inquiring self.geverning commu‘nity, but stimulated, doubtless, at the present time by the unsettled condition of our relations with several foreign powers, by the new obligations resulting from a sudder extension of the field of enterprise, by the spirit with: which that field has been entered, and the amazing energy with which its resources for meeting the demands of humanity have been developed. Although disease, assuming at one time the charaeteristic of a'wide spread and devastating pestilence, has left its sad traces upon some portions of our country, we have still the most abundant cause tor reverent thankfulness to God for an accumulation of signal mercies showered upon usasanation. Ii is well that a consciousness of rapid advancement and increasing strength ge habitnally associated with an abiding sense of de. pendence upon Him who holds in his hands the . destiny of men and of nations. . Recognizing the wisdom of the broad prineiple , of absolute religious toleration proclaimed in our fundamental law, and rejoicing in the benign influence which ithas exerted upon our social and political condition, I should shrink from a clear i duty did I fail to express my deepest conviction ' that we can place no secure reliance upen any apparent progress if it be not sustained by National integrity, resting upon the great truths affirmed and illustrated by Divine revelation. In the midst of our sorrow for the afflicted and suffering, ithas been consoling to see how promptly disaster made true neighbers of districts and cities, separated widely from each other ; and cheering . to watch the strength of that common bond of . of this Union, when danger threatens from abroad . or calamity impends over us at home. . brotherhood which unites all hearts in all parts . ; '., Martin Koszta, a Hungarian by birth, came to this country in 1850, and declared his intention in due form of law to become acitizen of the United States. After remaining here nearly two years he visited Turkey. While at Smyrna he was forcibly » seized, taken on board an Austrian brig of war, then lying in the harbor of that place, and there confined in irons with the avowed design to take him into the dominions of Austria. Our consul at Smyrna, and legation at Constantinople, interposed for . his refease, but their efforts were ineffectual. While thus imprisoned, Commander Ingraham, with the U. S. ship of war St. Leuis arrived at Smyrna, and after inquiring into the circumstances of the. case came to the conclusion that Koszta was entitled to . the protection of this Government, and took ener' getic and prompt measures for his release. Under . ANarrangement between the agents of the United. States and Austria, he was transferred to the custo“dy of the French Cunsul General, Smyrna, there to ‘demain until he disposed by the mutual agreement

of the Consuls of the respective governments at that lace. Pursuant to that agreement he has been reeased, and is now. in the U.S, The Emperor of Austria has made the conduct of your officer who took part in this transaction a subject of grave complaint. Regarding Koszta as still his subject, and claiming a right to seize him within the limits of _ the Turkish empire, he has demanded ef this Government its consent to the surrender of the prisener ,a disavowal of the acts of its agents, and satis‘faction of the case. I came to the conclusion that Koszta was seized withont legal authority at Smyrna, that he was wrongfully detained on board the ' Austrian brig of war, that at the time of this seizure he was clothed with the Netionality of the United States, and that the acts of our officers, under the circumstances of the case, were justifiable, and their conduct has been fully approved by me, and a compliance with the several demands of the emperor of Austria has been declined. For a more full account of this transaction, and my views in regard to it, I ‘refer yon to the correspondence between the Charge 4’ Affairs of Austria and Seeretary of State, which is herewith transmitted. Tbe principles and policy therein mentiened onthe part of the United States, will, whenever a propet occasion occurs, be applied and enforced. The conditien of China at this time, renders it probable that some important changes will occur in , that vast empire, which willlead tea more unreStricted intercourse with it. The Commissioner to that country, whe has been recently appointed, is ‘ instructed to avail himself of all occasions to open andextend ourcommercial relations not only withthe empire of China, but with other Asiatic nations. In 1852 an expedition was sent to Japan under the command of CemmodJore Perry, for the purpose of opening commercial intercourse with that Island. Intelligence has been received of his arrival there, , and of his having made known tothe [Emperor of . Japan the object of his visit. butit is not yet ascer. tained how far the Emperor will be disposed to aban, don his restrictive policy, and open that populous country to acommercia! intercourse with the United States. It has been my earnest desire to maintain a friend. ly intercourse with this continent, and to aid them In preserving a good understanding among themselves. With Mexice a dispute has arisen as to the bounOur diplomatic relations with foreign powers . dary line between our territory of New Mexico and have undergone no essential change since the ad. journment of the last Congress. Fi them, questions of a disturbing character are still pending, but there are good reasons to believe that these may all be amicably adjusted, strued the first article of the Convention of the 20th Avril 1818, in regard to the fisheries on the northeastern coast, as to exclude our citizens from quent to the date of that treaty. The United States have never acquiesced in this construction but have always claimed for their fishermen all . rights which they had so long enjoyed without nrolestation. Withaview to remove all difficulties on the subject, to extend the rights beyond tke limits fixed by the Convention of 1818, and to regulate trade between the United States and the. British North American provinces, a negotiation . has been opened, with a fair prospect of a favorable result. ‘To protect our fishermen in the en. joyment of their rights, and prevent collision be. tween them and British fishermen, I deemed it . expedient to station a naval force in that quarter . . duving the fishing season. Embarrassing questions have also arisen between the governments . in regard to Central America. Great Britain has . propesed to settle them by an amicable arrangendon is instructed to ' A commission for adjusting the claims of our. citizens against Great Britain and those of Brit. ish subjects against the United States organized . junder the convention of the 8th February last, is . . how sitting in Lomtion for the tran3action of busiRess. 1t is in many respects: desirable that the boun. tive Californians are not only skilled in the . to their-neighbors in getting out ne . dary line between the United States and the British provinces in the northwest, as designated in . the convention of the 15th June, 1846, and espec. ially that part which separates the territory of . Washington from the British possessions on the north, should be traced and marked. I therefore present the subject to your notice. With France our relations continue on the . mest frendly footing. The extensive commerce . between the United: States and thaticountry might it is conceived, be released: from some ‘unnecess. ary restxictions, to the mutual advantage of both . parties, With a view to this object some progress has been'made in negotiating a treaty of . commerce and navigation. caanieanene Independently of our valuable trade with Spain, . we have important political relations with her, . growing out of our neighborhood to the Island of . Cuba and Porte Rice. I am happy to annownee . that since the last Congress, no attempt has been . made . by unauthorized expeditions within the . United States against either of these colonies. — Should any movement be maintained within our limits, all means at my cemmand will be vigorously exerted to repress it. Several annoying oe: . the'tree use of those means which nature has prothe Mexican State of Chihuahua. A former Comthat line ; pursnant to the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, made a serious mistake in determining the initial point on the Rio Grande But, inasmuch mJ : 2 } . i a1 i € i iFor some years past Great Britain has so conas his decision was clearly a departure from the di rections for tracing the boundary contained in that treaty, and was not concurred in by the Surveyor appointed on the part of the United States, whose concurrence was necessary to give validity to that some of the @shing grounds to which they freely . decision, this government is not concluded thereby, resorted for nearly a quarter of a century snbse. but that ot Mexico takes a different view of the sub. ject. There are also questions of considerable importance pending between the two republics. Our minister in Mexico has ample instructions to adjust them. Negotiations have been opened, but sufficient progress has not been made therein to enable me to speak of the probable result. Impressed with the importance of maintaining amicable relations wit that republic, and of yielding with liberality to all her just claims, it is reasonable to expect that an arrangement mutually satisfactory to both countries may be consummated, and a lasting friend ship between them confirmed and perpetuated. Congress having provided for a full mission to the States of Central America, a minister was sent there in July last. As yet he has had time to visit only one of the States, Nicaragua, where he was received in the most friehdly manner. It is hoped that his presence and good offices will have a benign etfect in composing the dissensions which prevail inom them, and in establishing stiii more intimate and friendly relations between them respectively, and between each of them and the United States Considering the vast region of this continent, and the number of States which would be made acceasible by the free navigation of the river Amazon, particular attention has been given to this subject.— Brazil, through whose territories it passes into the i dl ke > am' ® % + tebe bi oe ee . ? cif ’ Sete null 3 i is : # i oma " ” : Gsiw ‘ Res * ~ WHOLE NO. 177.. portunity for the adoptien of a more comprehensive and unembarrassed Jine of policy and action as. to the great material interests of the country, Whether regarded in themselves or ia connection with the powers of the civilized world. : ’ ' The United States having continued gradually and steadily to expand through acquisition of terr tory, which, how muchsoever some of them Riay have been questiened, are now universally sen and admitted to have been wise in poli.y, just in chr acter, and a great element in the. advancement of our country, and with it of the human race in freedom, in prosperity, and in happiness. The thirteen @tates have grown to be thirty-one, with relatiéns reaching to Europe on the one side and ‘un the other to distant realms of Asia. , IT am deeply sensible of th* imménse reshonsib ity which the present magnitude ot the Republie and the diversity and multiplicity of its interests devolves upon me, the alleviation of which, so far as relates to the immedinte conduct of the public busi ness, is first in my reliance ou the wisdom and patriotism of the two Houses of Congress, rnd seeondly, in the directions afforded me by the principles of pablic policy athtmed by our fathers of the «epoch of 1798, sanctioned by long experience and consecrated anew by the overwhelming voice of the people of the United States. = 1. , Recuriing to these principles, which constitute organic basis of Union, we perceive that vastas sce the fénctions and the duties ef the Fedoral Gover, ment vested in or entrusted to its three great depargments, the Legislative, !"xecutive and Judicie! yet the substantial power, the pepniar force and the large capacities for social and material development, exist in the respective States, whiciy all being oof them=:elves well constituted republics as they preceeded, so they alone are cap. bie of maintaining and perpetuating the American Union. The Federal Government has’ its appropriated line of action in the specific and limited powers conferred on by the constitution, Chiefly as to those things in which the States have a common interest in theit relations toone another and to foreign governments, while-tho great mass of interests which belong to cultivated men, the ordinary business of life, the springs of industry, all the diversitied personal and. domestic ailairs of society rest securely upon the general reserved powers of the people of the several States. There is the etlective democraey of the nation, and there the vital essence of its being and greatness.— Of the practical consequences which ilow from the nature of the lederal Government, the primary one is the duty of administering with integrity aud fidelity the high trust reposed in it by the Coustiution, especially iu the application of the public funds as drawn by taxation trom the people, and sppropria ed to specific objects by Congress Happily, I hive no cecasion to sugges? auy radical ehenges in the financial affairs of the Government. Ovrs is almost if not absolutely the solitary power of christendom having a surplas revenue drawn immediately trom imposts on commerce, and therefore measured by the spontaneous enterprise and national presperity of the country, with such indirect r:lation to agriculture, manulaciures, and the products of the earth anc sea as to violate no constitutiona: doctrine. Of chese objecis the firs: nas been in the course of accomplishinent in a munrer and to 2 degree highly satisfactory. The amount of the public debt of classes was on the 4th of March, 1853, $08,100,087 60, pavments on account of which have been made since that peried to the amount of $12,703,229 00, leaving unpaid and in the continuous course of liquidation, the sum of $56,486.703 90. The payment, altuéugh made at the market price of the respeclive classes of stock, have been effecied rendily and to the general advantages of the Troasury, and have at the same time proved of signal utility in the relief they have incidentally afforded to the money market and to the industrial and commercial purstits of the country. The second of the above mentioned object, that of the reduction of the tariff, is of great importance, and the plan suggested by the sveretery of the Treasury. which is to reduce duties om certuin articles now taxed. und especiaijly such as enter into manufactures, and ure not largely or ait all produced ia the country, is commended tu yout candid and careful consideration. — You will find. in the report of 184 Secretary of the Treasury. also, abundant proof, of the adequacy of the present fiscul system to meei all the requirements of the public, and thai, while preperly administered, it operates to the A ae ng SS eS SSSR <> esesntesistsioonndi> amnion ~~ ith some of . mission of the United States, employed in runniag . advantage of the community in ordinary business relations. L respectfully ask your attention to sundry suggestion’ . of improvements in the setiicment of accounts, especially as regards the large sums of outstanding arrears due to the Government, and cf other reforms in the administrative action of his department, which are indicated by the . Secretary ; as also to the progress made in theconstraction of Marine Hospitals, Custom Houses, and a new Mintin California, aud Assay Office in the city of New Yerk, heretofore provided for by Congress; and aiso the eminently Successful progress of the coast survey, and the Lighthouse Board. ; Among the objects meriting your attention portant recommendations from the Sceretarics of War and ofthe Navy. Lam fully satisfied that the Navy of the United States is not in a condition ef strengthnand effictency commensurate wiih the maguitude of our commercial and other interests, and commend to your especial attention the suggestions on this subject made by ine Secrutary ot the Navy. I respect n!!y submit that the Army, which under eur system must alwnys be regarded with the highest interest as a nucleons wround which the volunteer forces of the nation gather in the hour of danger, requires aucmentation or modification to adapt it to the preseit extended limits and frontier relations of the country, and the condition of the Ludian tribes iu the interior of the conti pient, the necessily of which will appear in the cominuni, cations of the Secretaries of War and the Interior. } bnthe adnainisiration of the Posi Oilice Lo partment for the fiscal year ending June °9, 1853 the gross expenditure was $7,972,256 00, and the gross receipts during the same period. $5,942,734 0. showing that the current revenuo failed te meet the current expensas of the department by the sum of $2.042,032. 60. The causes which under the present postal system and laws lect inevitably to this resalture fully explained by the report of the Post Master General, one ong se bein the enormous rates tie department bas been compelled to. pay fer mail services rendered by rail road companier. the exhibit in the report of the Post Muster Coenersbof the income ard expendiures by mail steamers wiiil be found peculiarly interesting. ind of a characte: tu de:aand the immediate acticn of Congress Numerous and fisgrant frauds upon the Pension Buréan Will be im ocean, has hitherto persisted in a ‘policy so restrichave been Prought to light within the last year. and in . tive inregard to the use of this river,-as to obstruct sume instunces nierited puluisinient inflicted, Lut unfprSee . . aly in other: ity parties have escaped. { ug) and nearly exclude foreign cmmercial intercourse . {navel Bother. gully per ice have cecaped. not {hep with the States which ike upon its tributaries and . upper branches. Our minister to that country is instructed to obtain a relaxation of that policy, and . the want of suffictent evidence to warrant a conviction, . but in consequence of the provisions of jimitation in the exisling laws. From the natnre of these claims, the remoteness of the to use his efforts to induce the Brazilian government . tribunals to pass upon them and the mode in which the , to open tocommou use, under proper safécuards, this great natural highway ter internatioual trade.— . Several of the South American States are deeply interested in this attempt to secure the free navigation of the Amazon. and it is reasonable to expect their co-operation in the measure. As the advantages of icee commercial intercourse smong natiaus are better understood, more liberal views are genproof.is of necessity fornished—tewypiations to .crime have been. greatly suimulied by the obvions diflicuiiies of deiection. The defects in the law upon this subject ere so apnarent ard so fatal to the dads of justice, that your early action relating.to it is most desirable. During the last Beet your M819 437 acres or ihé publ ie la have becn surveyed, and (0.373.561 actes brought into market. Within the same period the sales by public purchgse and private cutry amoinied Lo 1,633,495 acres erally entertained as to the common rights of all ‘to . ocated tmder other certificat*s 9.427 acres. Geded to the vided for vioregto cath c@tamunication. . Tu’ these more jiberal.and enligntened views: itis hoped that Brazil will Hi ky policy, and remove all un. niecessary restrictions upon the freé use of a river which traverses 80 many States and so large a part of the continent. ' Law happy: to inform you that the ropublic of Par. ay and the A ine. Confederation bave yieldas the vera eg still resisted by Brazil, -to the navigable AV¥Grd’ within their respective. territories. Treaties embracing this subject athong others have beet negetiated with these governnients which will be submitted to the Senate at the present currences have taken place at Havana, in the viese cinity of the island of Cuba, between our citizens and the Spauish authorities. Considering the proximity of that island fo our shores, lying as it does inthe track of trade between some of out! the islands of that country, principal cities, and the suspicious vigilance with which foreign intercourse, particularly that of the United States, is there guarded, a repetition of such occurrence may be well apprehended. As ne diplomatic intercourse is allowed between our . Consul at Havana and the Captain General of Cuba, ready explanations. cannot. be made, the present presented to ‘this governinent and then referred to Spain. Spain again refers it to her local autherities in Cuba for investigation, and postpones an answer till she has heard from these anthorities. To avoid these irritating ‘and vexatious delays; a propesition has been made to previde for a direct appeal for redrcss to the captain General by our consul, in behalf of owr injured fellow-citizens. Hitherto the government of Spain has declined to enter into ‘such arrangement. ‘This course on her part is coer regretted, for withont some arrangement of this kind the good understanding between the two countries may ‘be exposed te occasional interruption. Oar minister at Madrid is instructed to. renew the proposition and to press it again upon the comblontian of her Catholic Majesty's government. A new branch of commerce, important to the agricultural interests of the United States, has within a few past years:been opened with Peru. Notwithstanding the inexhaustible-deposits of guano pon s ; considerable difficulties are experienced in obtaining the requisite s ply. Measares have been taken to remove these difficulties, and fo secure a more abundant importation of the article. Unfortunately, there has been a serious collision . between our citizens. who have resorted to the Chincha Islands for it, and the Peruyiah authorities stationed there. Redress for the outrages nat: OF . committed by the latter was promptiy demanded b prompt redress afforded where injury has resulted « our minister at Lima, paren asy ey ; Allcomp!dints on the part of our citizefis under . This subject is now under consideration, and there isreason to believe. that ement must in the first place be . Pern is disposed to offer adequate indemnity tp the Pee parties. Sapa e are thus, not only at peace with all foreign countries, but in regard to political affairs are exempt from any cause of serious disquietude in our domestic relations. . ‘ : The controversies which have agitated the country heretefore are passing away with the causes whic produced them, and the passions which they had awakened, or if any trace of Tempins it may be reasonably hoped that it will only be perceived in the zealous rivalry of all good citizens to testily their respect for the rights of the States, their d Sak cahone of tha Sthcen, ihr inatioutions daa wel that each one of the States, its: 1s, : fave and its domestic Pesce shall Pebele alike secure under the sacred aegis constitution. — This new league of amity and of mutaal confidence and support, into which the-peopté of the Republic have entered, happily afferds inducement and opORES, States as swamp lands 16,684,243 acres, seleéted: for rail road and other ubjects under act of Congress, 1,457,467 acres. Total amount of lands‘disposed of wich the fiscal year, 25,356,992 acres, which is an increase in .uantity seld and locaied under lund warrants and geants of ec 4 $18 acres over the fiscal year immediate ly-preceding. quantity of lund sold during the’second and third quarter of 1852, was $623,687. The quantity soid the second and ihird quarters of the year 1003, was 1,509,919 acres uid ibe amount received. thereof was $5,226,576) E The whole numbeF of land warrants issued under existing laws prior to the 30th of Sept. last was 260,042, of which there were outstanding at that date 56,947. Lhe quantity of land required to satisfy these outstanding warrants js 4,778,120 acres.) Warrants have been issued to 30th Sept. last under the act of Lithef Febraary 1447. calling for 12,879,280 acres; under acis of. September 27th, 1$20, and March 22d $852, callrng for 12,505,360 acres, making a ttal of 25,384.640 acres. vis believed that expenence has verified the Wisdom and justice of the presentsysicmm with regard to the pubtic domain, in most essential particulars. You will perceive from the report of the Secretary of the Interivr, that opinions which huye often beck expressedin relation to the operation of the !and system, 2s not being a source of revenue to the federal Treasury, were erroneous, The nett profits from the sale oi tbe public lands to June 30, 1853, amounted to the sum of $53.2°9.465 l recommend the extension of ihe Jand system over the territory of Utah aud New Mexico with such modifications i aharities may require. a ee! our public Sonkete as Chiefly valuable to provide farms for pe cs sang and cp en = pared somimend any essential c ge iw and acne pa by Mrodifieatton in favor of the actual settler, and an extensica of the pre-emption ‘princip®. certuis cases, for reasons and a ee “ one ware e fully ; ed in the reports to be hud beiore you. ney eee Aabening the proprietors of the ae domain, and charged especialiy With power to dispure © territory belonging io the United States, has for a lows course of years, beginning with the administration of Nir. Jefferson, exercised ihe power to consirtct roads within the territories, and there are sv many and obvious distinctions between this. exercise of power and that of making roads through the States, that the former has never been considered subject to such objections as appry io ihe latepr; and such tay now be cousidered the settled con. struction of the power of the Federal Government upon the subject. : i ' » Numerous applications eaye been, and no doubt, will continue to.beaede, for grauis of land in aid of the con. struction of railways. Itis not believed to be with tie intent and meaning of the Constitution, that the power to dispose of the public-domain should be used otherwise than might be expected from a prudent proprietor, ant therefore, that grunts of land to aid iu the conStructicu ef