March 12, 1858 (4 pages)

OL. 7 Vv ri 22+: NEVADA JOUR N EVADA, CALIFOR Che Hevada Hourual. PUBLISHED BY N.P. BROWN & Co. E. G. WAITE. OFFICE—No, 46 MAIN STREET. N. P. BROWN. . Baron Hemsotpr.—The following, from one of Bayard Taylor’s late letters cannot fail to interest all who know any . thing of the biography of Baron Humboldt. [He had written from Berlin to the great and good old man at Potsdam, asking the privilege of calling upon him again. “The next day’s express from Potsoo i ay ts ee For SIX Montuits. For Turee Monrus. SINGLE Cories.. » America’s “Manirest Destiny,” — . A few years ago it was the cant of : certain political school to talk abou “manifest destiny.” The institutions of . America, said the partisans of this sect, are the best in the world—ergo, we . ought to extend them over the globe, . even if we doit at the point of the sword. . The absorption of Mexico, the annexation of Cuba, and the conquest of the West India islands were the rallying ery of these propagandist filibusters, these nineteenth century bueaniers. Fortunately for onr country, the mas of the people had teo mnch comme sense to become the dupes of this folly A half civilized republic might have been tempted by the high-sonndi: phrase of “manifest destiny.” c In a career of conqttest without stopping to consult their wishes. Ancient Ro or modern France might have fallen vietims to the delusion. But the intelligent, reflecting and conscientious fieemen, who constittite the bulk of American citizens, set the seal of their disap. probation immediately on this filibus. tering policy, pronouncing it little bet. ter than highway robbery. And they . were right. It has taken mankind a} long while to learn what real liberty is ; but the mass of the Ameritan people have learned it at last, as this de¢ision proves. The ancient world had no conception of liberty except as the power to domineer over others. when bound under the Roman yoke, longed for liberty, not merely to free his . country from paying tribute; but to ex. alt it toa supremacy among the nations. . The Greek, wheti stink to a subject of} the Cwsars, was unable to form any idea . of a restoration of liberty that did not . involve a return to his old armed as. cendancy over the rest of the civilized world. Athens, in her palmy days, . made slaves of the weaker Greek re publics about her, for even her brightest . intellects could conceive of no liberty . except the liberty of rulers. Bome her. self regarded liberty and dominion as . convertible terms She aspired after . what she called liberty ia her earliest career, and lamented the loss of liberty in her declining age, but it was, first and last, the liberty of doing as she pleased and denying to others a similar privilege. Her only idea of liberty was that of being mistress. Her sole conception of civilization was the compelling others . to live as she liked to live. Yet this is the very opposite of liberty. Notwo men are precisely alike in everything. Even brothers, brought up in the same family, differ more or less in tastes, opinions and habits. What is true of the individual is not less true of communities. Constitutions and laws, if they are to make a kingdom prosper. otts, must be the out-growth, so to speak, of the character of the people. Before A nation can develope successfully, under a republican form of government, . intelligence and self-discipline must be prominent features of its citizens. To . impose a free constitution on a people deficient in these qualities, in the vain . expectation of benefitting them, is te Injure, not to aidthem. It is to attempt forcing them to live up to a standard for which they are not competent—an_attempt which no subtlety is required to prove tyrannical in theory and abortive in fact. It is not extending liberty to Is only imp si & in anew form the o shibboleth of despotisur on the weaker partv. The “mavifes: destiny” school f the nineteenth cent o further in its votious of fibe Romars of old. The trne mission of this blic is to} 1d influence the werld by its example. not to conquer it hy flee’s or armies or bueThe mightiest moral and soeial revolution this earth has eve ;é seet wionessea anierving colonies. worked without the aid of a soldier or the stroke ef a single sword. The splendid paganism of anti yuity, though made sacred by the traditions of centuries, though entrenched behind the Was entrenched behind the state itself, fell before twelve men of despised vocations, the citizens of a despised race, speaking in a foreign and despised tongue, proa despised religion. And why did this old paganism fall?) Why did it in its fall drag down the Roman empire! It was because opinion, in the leng run, is mightier than the sword; because truth lives down a lie at last; because the precepts of the Gospel had only to be heard to convince men of their superivrity te the foul tenets of paganism. America stands forth—we speak it without irreverence—the messiah of a new political dispensation. She needs no armies to convince the world. Her prosperity speaks forher. The increasing intelligence of her citizens is a standing reproot to despotisin. Her “manifest destiny” is not to conquer by force, but to influence by example, to subdue by opinion. fessing Sweer PoraToes.—The eeport of the Surveyor General shows that sweet potatoes planted in this State have yielded an average of 270 bushels per 0 . denberg plain, and stating that, although 4 des. yotism would have engaeed its subjects . : . . a tone. . North. The Hebrew, . . depends greatly on my state of bodily material interests of a vast . and wealthy priesthood, who were again . dam brought me a most kind and friendly reply, welcoming me back to the . ‘Baltic sand-sea,’ as he calls the Branthe Emperor Alexander and his suite were to arrive that evening, he would vevertheless take an hour or two from . the excitement of the Court to talk to me aboutthe North. He was residing u the Palace at Potsdam, where he di‘ected me to call at noon on Monday. . * * * . . . I was giad when the clock struek twelve at last, and I could leave the rattling streets for that quiet corner of the palace in which Hum. boldt lives. The door was opened, as before, by Seife:t, who recognized me at once. ‘Weleome back!’ he cried; ‘we know where you have been—we have read all yourseiters! His Exeelcy tas b quite sick, and you will ot find his » strong as he was last j year, but he is in tolerable health again, hank G Come in, ¢ome in; he is} ; waiting.’ Opening the doer as he spoke, he ushere: intoa little library, on the threshold of which Humboldt, who . had visen, received me. He was slightlily paler than before, a little thinuer, perliaps, and 1 could sce that his step . was not so firm; but the pale blue eye) beamed as clear an mntelligenee as ever, . and the voice had as steady and cheery He shook Lauds with the cordiality of a friend, and, after the first greetings were over, questioned me mi. int uutely concerning my travels in the! But one topic soon suggeste a hund} red others and we were ere long, roam. ing ai large over the whole field of geography and climatology, touching the farthest and darkest regions of the earth . with the light of his stupendous knowl. edge. ‘The sheets of the new volume of . Cosmos lay upon the table. ‘Here is what I have been doing, since you w ere . here before,’ said he, taking it up; ‘the . work will be published in two or three weeks.’ ‘You find yourself, then, still . capable of such labor!’ I ventured to ask, ‘Work is now a part of my lite,’ said he; ‘I sleep so little, and much rest . would be irksome. Day befere yesterday, 1 worked for sixteen hours reviewing these sheets.’ ‘Are you not greatly fatigued,’ . asked, ‘after such an exertion ? = *On the contrary,’ he replied, ‘1 feel retreshed, but the performance of it health. Lam unconscious of any mental fatigue.’ As J saw in the face and heard in the voice, of the splendid old man, ail the signs of a sound, unfailing intellect, i cou'd well believe it. I had . prided myself a little on having worked jwith the brain fifteen hours a day for ; six months, yet here was Humboldt, in his eighty-uimth year, capable of equal exertion. The manner in which he spoke of his bodily health was exceedingly interesting tome. His mind, full of vigor and overflowing with active life; seemed to consider the body as something independent of itself, and to watch, with a curious eye, its gradual decay, as he . might have watched that of a tree in his . younger days. ‘Il have been unwell . through the Summer,’ said he, ‘but you . imust not believe all you have seen in the newspapers concerning my illness. . They stated that I was attacked with ! apoplexy, but it was only a vertigo, which soon left me, and has not been . followed by any of the usual effects of . apoplexy. Que result, however, shows that my body is begiiuing to give way. . . Lhave not the same power of coutrolling . my limbs as formerly ; the will does not seem to act upon the museles; there is a link somewhere, which it is . . probably too late to restore. For ina very often, whea Ll attempt to 1 Ser } broken st ce, walk s raight forwa d, . do not fee tain that iny legs will carry me iia ai tetles ney Mav po either oue it ier, and, tough b cannot} é ( want of strength, 1 feel} : . son, 1 must have assistance when I go up OrGgown stairs. After ali it is not} siogular that sulue paris of the maciiireiy should get rusty, at my age’ Soon afterward, while speaking of i libet, he referred to a fine Copperplate imap, aud } i noticed that he inost minute aames distinetiy, without the aid of) But then he has the eyes . jotayouth of twenty years. Age may . palsy his limbs, but it has uever looked out of these windows. . After 1 had been sitting au hour, Sei. fert came to the door and said, “Lhe two gentlemen have come—shall I adinit them?’ Lrose to leave, but Humboldt said, ‘No, no-—-vemain. ‘They are from Hongkong; perhaps you know) them.” . looked at the cards, and re. . coguized an acquaintance in the name of saw The Specracies. lan editor of a Hongkong paper. ‘The . other was a government ofhcial. After . they entered, the* couversation took a} more general tone, but I was not sorry for this afterwards, as it gave Humboldt . oceasion to reeall some scenes of his early life. One of the visitors spoke of . Frederick the Great. ‘I remember him well,’ said Humboldt; ‘I was sixteen! years old when he died, and I ean see his face still as plainly as I can see yours. I was but eighteen when I visited England for the first time. It was during the trial of Warren Hastings, which I frequently attended. I remember that Il heard Edmund Burke, Pitt and Sheridan all speak on the same night.’ I shall not repeat his account of the Congress of Vienna, or his anecdotes of Alexander I. of Russia, whom he knew iutimately, as 1 am not certain whether . was also the last evening in the year, . lt is true she had shoes on when she . looked so downeast ! . fell on her yellow hair, which curied so . prettily round her neek, but she did not . heed that. /ward than the other; and she drew her . legs up under her to warm herself, but . . would beat her; and it was also cold at . with knife and fork in its back; it came . directly up to the poor girl; then the . mental than that she had seen through . her, . er,” exclaimed the little girl, “oh! take NIA _ FRIDAY MORNING, the visitors left, I remained with him until it was time for him to prepare for the dinner given to Alexander II, to which he was bidden. ‘You will pass throagh Berlin, on your way to Moscow?’ said he. ‘Yes’ ‘Well—I must be polite enough to live until then. You must bring your wife with you. Oh, I know all about it, and you must not think, because I have never been married myself, that I do not congratulate you.’ After these cordial words, and a clasp of the hand, in which there was nothin weak or tremulous, I parted from the immortal old man.” The Little Match Girl--A Christmas Story. BY THE DANISH POET, ANDERSON. It was so terribly cold; it snowed, and the evening began to be dark ; it New Year’s Eve. On this cold, dark evening, a poor little girl went into the street with bare head and naked feet. went from home, but of what use were they? They were very large shoes, her mother had last worn them, they were too large ; and the little one lost them in hurrying over the street as two carriages passed quickly by. One shoe was no: found, and the other, a boy rau eWay with, saying he could use it for a cradie when he had children himself. The little girl now went on her small uaked feet which were red and blue with cold; she carried a number of matches in an old apron, and held one bundle in her hand. Noone had bought of her the whole day, no one had given her a farthing. Poor thing! she was hungry and benumbed with cold, and The snow flakes The lights shone out from all the windows, and there was such a delicious smell of the roast beef in the street; it was New Yedr’s Eve, and she thought of that! She sat down in a corner between two houses; the one stood a little more forshe was still cold, andshe durst not go home; she had not sold any matches, or got a single farthing! Her father home, they had only the roof directly over them, and there the wind whistled in, although straw and rags were stuffed in the large crevices. Her little hands were almost benutbed with cold. Ab! a little match might do some good, durst she only draw one out of the bundle, strike it on the wall, and warm her fingers. She drew out one match? how it burned! it was a wa:m clear flame like that of a little candle, when she held her hand round it; it was a strange light! The little girl thought she sat by a large iron stove with brass balls on the top, the fire burned so nicely and warmed so well! Nay, what wasthat? The little girl stretched out her feet to warm them, too; when the flame went out; the steve vanished, she sat witha burnt match in her hand. Another was struck, it burned, it shone; and where the light fell on the wall it beeame as transparent tis rape; she looked directly into the room, where the roasted goose stuffed with apples and prunes steamed so charmingly oa the table on which it was laid out coyvéred with a shining white cloth and fine porcelain cervice. What was still more splendid, the goose sprung off the dish and waddled along the floor match went out, and there was only the thick, cold wall to be seen. She struck another match. ‘Thenshe sat under the most charming Christmastree ; it was still larger and more ornathe glass door at the rich merchant’s, the last Christmas; a thousand candles burned on the green branches; and motley pietures, like those which ornament the shop windows, looked down at ‘Lhe little girl lifted up both hands, then the mateh was extinguished, the . many iS Christmas candles rose higher aud higher; she saw that they weve thight stars; one of them fell and made a fiery stripe in the sky “Now one dies!” said the poor girl, for old grandmother, who had alone been kind to her, but who was now dead, had teld hei that whena star falls, a soul goes up to God! . She again struck a match against the wall; it shone all around, and her old . grandmother stood in the lustre, so shining, so mild and bli sful. “Grandmothme with you! I know you will be gone away when the mateh goes out, like the warm stove, the Wir: roast goose, and the delightful Christmas-tree !”” and she struck in haste the whole remainder of matches that were in the bundle; she would not lose sight of grandmother, aud the matches shone with such brillianey that it was clearer than in broad daylight. Grandmother had never before looked so pretty, so great; she lifted the poor little girl up in her arms, and they flew ro high, so high, in splendor and joy, there was no cold, no anxiety; they were with God. But the little girl sat in the corner by the house, in the cold morning hour, with red cheeks, and with a smile round her mouth, dead—frozen to death, the hast evening of the old year. New Year's morning rose over the little corpse as it sat with the matches, of which a bundle was burned. But no one knew what beautiful things she had seen, in what splendor and gladness she had entered with her old grandmother into the New Year’s joys. ’ SusPENsION BripGg.—An aqueduct, 1,(00 feet long, to be suspended on wire is to be built on Poverty Bar, in CalaveI have a right to do so at present. After . ras county. LivinasTon’s TRAVELS IN AFrica.— . Sekeletu, proud of his new unif We make the following extracts from Dr. Livingston’s ‘Travels in Africa,” which we take from Harper's Magazine for February. Livingstone’s work. will be found in the Nevada Library, “In course of time Mr. Livingston beeame convinced that Bibles and preaching were not all that was necessary. Civilization must accompany Christianization; and Commerce was ostensible to civilization; for commerce, more speedily than anything else, would break down the isolation of the tribes, by making them mutually dependent upen and serviceable to each other. It is well known that northward, beyond the désert, lay a great lake, inthe midst of a country rieh in ivory and other articles of commerce. In former years, when rains had been more abundant, the natives had frequently crossed this desert; and somewhere tear the lake dwelt a famous chief, named Sebituane, who had onege lived on friendly terms in the neighborhood of Sechele, who was anxious to renew the old acquaintance. Boers. So the missiovary became a traveler and explorer. While laying his plans and gathering information, the opportune arrival of Messrs. Oswell and Murry, two wealthy Englishmen who had become enamored of African hunting, enabled him to undertake the proposed . expedition, Mr. Oswell agreeing to pay the guides, who were furnished by Sechele. This expedition, which resulted in the discovery of Lake Nemai, set out from the missionary station at Kolobeng on the Ist of June, 1819 The way lay across the great Kahalari desert, seven hundred miles in breadth. ‘This isa singular regions ‘Though it has no runnivg streams, and few and scauty wells, } it Abotnds in animals and vegetable life. . Mén, animals, and plauts accommodate themselves singularly to the seareity ef water. Grass is abundant, growing in tufts; bulbous plants abound, among . which are the /erosiua, whieh sends up a slender stalk not larger than a crow quill, with a tubor, a foot or more below Mr. Livingston determined . to open intercourse with this region, in . spite of the threats and opposition of the . the surface, as large as a child’s head, . consisting of a mass of cellular tissue filled with a cool and refreshing fluid ; and the mokur?, which deposits under ground, within a cirele of a yard from its stem, a mass of tubors of the size of a man’s head. During years when the rains are unustally abundant, the kaiahari is covered with the kenewe, a cies of water melon. Animals and men rejoice in the rich supply; anlelopes, lionss lyeuas, jackals, ntce; and men devour it with equal avidity. The people of the desert conceal their wells with jealous care. They fill them with sand, and place their dwellings at a distance, that their proximity may not betray the precionssecret. ‘The women repair co the wells with a score or so of speostrich shells in a bag slung over their . Digging down an arm's: . length, they insert a hollew reed, with a . shoulders. bunch of grass tied to the end, then ram the sand firmly around the end of the tube. The water slowly filters into the bunch of grass, and is sucked up thro’ the reed, and squirted mouthfal by mouthful into the shells. When all are filled, the women gather up their load and trudge homeward. Elands, springbucks, koodoos, and ostriches somehow seem to get along yery well without any moisture, except that contained in the grass they eat. They appear to live for months without drinking} but whenever rhinoceroses, buffa. loes, or enus are scen, it is held to be certain proof that water exists within a few miles. The passage of the Kalahari was ef. fected, not without considerable diffeul. ty, in two months, the expedition reaching Lake Neamion the Ist of August. As they approached it, they came upon a considerable river. ‘Whenee does this come?’ ingston, ‘From a country fall of rivers,’ was the reply; ‘so many that no man ean tell their number, and full of large trees.’ This was the first actual coufirmation of the report of the Backwins that the asked Livcountry bevond was not the large ‘sandy . platean of ge graphers. The prospect of a highway capable of being traversed by boats to an unexplored fertile region so filled the mind of Livingston that, . : . Cambridge, where he spends his winter, ery seemed of comparatively little im. when he came to the lake, this discov* * * * portance. * A third expedition was successful, although the whole party came near perishing for want of water, and their eattle, which had been bitten by the Tsetse, died. * * * * * * Livingston had satisfied bimself that the great River Lecambye, up which he had paddled so many miles on his way to the west, was identical with the Zam besi, which had discovered four years previously. The two names are indeed the same, both meaning “The Rives,’ in different dialeets spoken on its banks. This great river is an object of wonder tothe natives. ‘They have a song which runs, “The Leeamsbye! Nobody knows V hence it comes, and whither it goes.” Livingston had pursued it far up towards its source, and knew whence it came; and now he resolved to follow it down to the sea, trusting that it would furnish a water communication into the very heart of the continent. It was now October—the close of the hot season. ‘The thermometer stood 100 degrees in the shade; inthe sun it sometimes rose to 130. During the day the people kept close in their huts, guzzling a kind of beer called Sayola, and seeming to enjoy the copious perspiration which it induces. As evening sat in the dance began, which was kept up in the moonlight till long after midnight. . . find it in the Wash . style. i other servants, { MARCI 12, 1858. orm, and pleased with the prospect of trade which had been opened, entertained Livingston hospitably, and promised to fit him out for his eastern journey as soon as the rains had commenced, and somewhat cooled the burning soil. He sat out early in November, the Chief with a large body of retainers accompanying ing him as far as the Falls of. Mosioatunye, the most remarkable piece “of natural scenery in all Africa, which no European had ever seen or heard of. The Zambesi, here a thousand yards broad, seems all at once to lose itself in the earth. It tumbles into a fissure in the hard basaltie rock, running at a right-angle with the course of the stream, and prolonged for thirty miles through the hills. ‘This g:sure, hardly eighty feet broad, with sides perfectly perpendicular, is fully a hundred feet in depth down to the surface of the water, which shows like a white thread at the bottom ‘The noise made by the . descent of such a mass of water into this seething abyss is heard for miles, and five distinct columns of vapor rise like pillars of smoke to an enormous height. Hence the Mokololo name for the cataract, Just oa ftunye—‘Smoke sounds j here !’—for which Livingston, with ques. tionable taste, proposes to substitute the jname of ‘Victoria Fells’—a change i which we trust the world will not sane. tion. . From these falls the country gradual. ty ascends towaids the east, the river i finding its way by this deep fissure thro’ the hills. Everything shows that this whole region, for hundreds of miles, was once the bed of an immense fresh water lake. By some convulsions of nature, eecurring at a period geologically recent, this fissure was formed, and thro’ it the Jake was drained, with the exception of the deepest part, which constitutes the present Lake Ngami. Similar indications exist of the former existence of immense bodies of water, which have in like manner been drained by fissures through the surrounding eleva tions, leaving shallow lakes at the lowest points. Sucb are, undoubtedly, 'l'sad at the north, Ngami at the south, Dilolo at the west, and Segonyikaand Nyanja, of which we have only vague reports, atthe east. This great lake region of former days seems to have extended 2500 miles from north to south, with an average breadth, from east to west, of 600 or 700 miles. . . . Encutsu Wien Live.—'The following is extracted trom a letter written by an officer of the Merrimac trigate, when she lay at Southamptoa, in October. We reton (N C.) Journal: “Much atrention Las been paid us lashore, too, especially by two families —one, that of an old East India generlal, the other that of Lord Hardwicke. General Fraser, has passed most of his . tife in India, and now lives in ease and comfort on the Southampton water.— At a dinner at his house we had an_ opportunity of seeing how the aristocracy here live. Lord Hardwicke and family and several other guests, were there to meet us, and everything was in spleiudid A turbaned Indian, with several waited at table. The plate was super), and the diuner most recherche. Wesat down to table at halfpast seven o’clock. ‘These are always epaulette and sword occasions. Lord Hardwicke’s family consists of his Countess, his eldest son (about eighteen or twenty, aud Lord Royston by courtesy) three of the finest looking daughters you ever saw, and several young sons. ‘The daughters—Lady Mlizabeth, Lady Mary ange Lady Aguita—are surpassingly beautiful ; such development, such rosy cheeks, laughing eyes, and unaffected manners you rarely see combined. ‘They take a great deal of out-door exercise, and came aboard the Merrimae in a heavy rain, with Irish thicker soled isloes than you or L ever wore, and . cloaks and dresses almost impervious to wet. ‘They steer their father’s yacht, walk the Lord knows how many miles, and don’t care a cent about rain, besides doing a host of other things that would shock our ladies to death, and yet, in the parlor, they are the most elegant womeu in their satin shoes and diamonds IL ever saw. ‘The Countess, in her coroInet of jewels, is an elegant lady, and looks like a fit mother for three such . women. His lordship has given us three jer four dinners He lives here merely through the yachting season, and leaves here on Friday for his country seat at as do all English gentlemen of means. in hunting, &c.and when parliament is in session, he lives in London, in his own house. Here he has a host of servants, and they wear the gaudiest livery— white coats with big silver buttons, white cravats, plush knee breeches and vest, white silk stockings and low shoes. Lord MHardwicke’s brother is Dean of pretty daugl.ters, and is himself a jolly York, a high church dignitary, has two gentleman. After dinner, the ladies play and sing for us and the other night they got up a game oi blind man’s buff, in which the ladies said that we had the advantage of them, inasmuch as their “petticoats rustled, so that they were easily caught.” They call things by their names here. In the course of the game Lord Hardwicke himself was blindfolded, and, trying to catch some one, fell over his daughter's lap on the floor, when two or three of the girls caught him by the legs and dragged his lordship, roaring with laughter, as we all were, cn his back into the middle of the door. Yet they are perfectly re“a jspectful, but appear on a perfect equality with each other. In fact, the English are a great people. Two elubs here have offered us the use of their room. Men of the least merit are most apt to be fulsome. arrogant, impudent, and contemptuous, <sem = ” — ee 8 LU TOMEI ee ia ava a9 Inrerestine Sraristics in Reaarp To Emigration —An admirable work on the history of European Emigration to the United ‘States, has been issued from the Atlantic press. he author, Mr. Wm. Bromwell, presents interesting extracts in regard to the nationality, sex, age, and professions of the four . millions two hundred and twelve thou. sand six hundred and twenty-four for. eign emigrants who, in thirty-seven . Years have come from Europe and other jparts of the world. He has patiently examined and compared the oilicial reports, which, however, give no regular information on the subject previous to 1849. grant movement was not perceptible until 1784. During the first ten years, it was almost exelusively from the English and French ports, eomprising « yearly average of only about four thousand emigrants. But in 1794, when western Europe began to feel painfully tne first effects of the great social revolution, the eurrent suddenly increased, and the number arose .to ten thousand. From that period until 1815, the long wars on the continent, the blockade of . the ports, and the strugele on the sea between England and her former American colonies, hindered the advance of emigration. erease, aud the number of emizrants rose to twenty-two thousand two hund-! red and forty. Two years later, in 1819, Congress abuses resulting from the improper . crowding of passengers on board ships. . All obstacles being thus removed, the current gradually and constantly increased. From 1819 to 1829, there were 128,502 emigrants; from 1830 to . According to Mr. Bromwell, the emi-. . Again in 1817, at the re-/. turn of peace, there was a sudden in: . OLE NUMBER 391, I Love rue Woops.—Give me the woods, the wild free woods, by the side of a little farm, where the springs and tills are gushing free, where bud and fl v lower aud leaf and tree are fragrant vith heaven’s fresh breath, I love to see the tiny bids come peeping from their folded leaves, and wateh them . @pening one by one to meet the warm ¢lance of the sun, and yield their perjtume sweet. J hate brick walls and all that sort of cold and stately thing, but a nice and tidy little cot ina pleasant, shady, quiet spot is just the home for me; a well tilled garden made behind, and a clean, green yard in front, where the children play the live long dav, and never once think of wishing to stray from a home in go lovely a place. I love tee cricket in the hearth that sings the live long eve, and even the frog with his rough eh-gog, the tabby cat and the shabby dog have each their various charms forme. TI love to see the wee, wee birds pick crumbs from round the door, and with music rare fill the whote airas though never a thought and never . . . . }a care had got in their little throats. At a lot like mine I never repine, tho’ wealth, wealth come never a whit, lam happy and gay the live long day, and whether at work or whether at play, is all the same to me.—Fuora, of Placerville Democrat. CovLp Nor Get a Divorer.—An interesting suit for divorce has been pending in the Twelfth District Court of San . Francisco, in which “Kate Gray,” the passed laws for the propér regulation of . emigration, and to prevent the excessive . actress, applied fora separation of the marriage contract with one Randall Smith, her husband. Kate was unfortunate in not having her plea of neglect well grounded, by which means she t failed to obtain a bill of divorce. —r 1839, 538.381; from 1840 to 2ST a 427,337; and from 1850 to 1854, 2,118.404; giving a total, as already stated, . of 4.212,624. The year 1854 furnished . the largest number of emigrants, amounting to 427,833, of whom 206,000 were Germans; a sort of emigrant fever, . partly owing to the attractions of Cali. fornia, having, after 1847, seized upon . several States of the Germanic Confederation. In 1855, there was a reaction, . and the number decreased to 230,746. Now, however, emigration has resumed . lis former activity, and is again steadily increasing. Of this grand total of 4,212,624 foreizuers, the ofticial doeuments show that } 2,485.80 were males, and 1,679,136 females. Of the remainder the sex is not designated in the reports. ‘Their pre dominant age Was from twenty to twenty-five years, aadthen from twenty to thirty <A large number eame in families, in which cases those over forty years of age were relatively numerous. . . ° s . le as also children of ten, and five years. and even less. The chief emigrant . port of entry is New York. Next, in the order in which they are named, are New Orleans, Charleston, Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Galveston. Since 1850, San Francisco has received, by direct arrlyals by sea, 62,852 emigrauts. ‘i There are but meagre accounts of the professions of emigrants. Of 226,288 of the emigrants of 1854, 169,561 were farm laborers: 37,000 mechanics; 15.173 traders ; aud 1,260 sailors. The rest—about 3,000—belonged to ditfereut liberal professions. Of these, 237 were physicians; 137lawyers, 397 clergymen, 212 engineers, 96 professors, 66 artists, 13 actors, ete. It will be seen that art is modestly represented by but 79 persons out of 428,000. Ireland has furnished the largest number of emigrants ; in all, about 1,747,930 of whom about one-half emigrated during the calamitous years from 1846 to 1854. In 1855, however, the number of ewigrants from Ireland was but 49,627, less than a third of the number in 1883. This is a pleasing proof of the improvement of the condition of the Irish peasantry. The eutire United Kingdom has furnished, in 37 years named. 2,343,445 emigrants; Germany, 1,242,081; aud France, 188,752. — It is remarkable, says the Washington Globe, that the Greco-Latin, or Mediterranean emigrants, number only about 300,000, or about seven per cent, of the grand total of those who have mingled with the descendants of the Tilzrim Fathers. Consequently, ninety-three per cent, are composed of the northern races, among whom our origiual race took its origin. The present . mixture of nationalities on the American Continent cannot, therefore, be considered heterogeneous, but rather as a grand family reunion, that promises . the highest and happiest results —San . Francisco Globe. A Revative, Anynow.—Morgan was noted for possessing great courage . and presence of mind, and the ecrossest wifein the neighborhood More than one attempt had been made to frighten him without suecess; but one dark and . stormy evening, one of his brothers-inlaw resolved tosee if there was any seare in him, fixed up in the most chost. ly style possible, and stationed himself ina lonely piece of woods through which Morgan had to pass on his way home. The pretended ghost had scarcely settled himseifin position, when Morgan hove in sight, and came whistling along unconcerned as usual. Suddealy the . ghostly figure confronted him, and told him to stop. Morgan stopped, and after regarding his companion for a momeut . or two, said with the utmost coolness: 1 \ “I can’t stop, fiiend; if you are a man, 1 must request you to get out of . the way and let me pass; if you are the devil, come along and take supper with me; I married your sister.” At Vienna during the panic hardly a day passed without a suicide of some unfortunate speculator. em i iin tat A. A. SARGENT, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, OFFICE Kidd & Knox's Building, Bread Street. We S. SPEAR H. I. THORNTON, ; Spear &, Thornton, Jounsellois and Attorneys at Law DOWNIEVILLE, CALIFORNIA, JILL PRACTICE inthe Courts of the Fourteenth Judicial District and the Supreme Court. Downieville, Feb. 27, 1857. HENRY MEKEDITH. ‘Tuomas . HAWLEY Meredith & Hawley, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, Ofice—Kidd & Knox’s Brick Bnilding. WM. J. KNOX, Cc. T. OVERTON KKenox & Overton, PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, OFFICE—On Broa . street, 2d door above Pine. jan22 STANTON BUCKN €. WILSON HILL uekner & Hill, IEFICE IN KELSEY'S BUILDING. SECOND FLOOR Commercial street, Nevada. ciated themsel ve ether in the prac av. will attend p ptiv to all business care in Nevaila and adjoining counties. ly 18, 1856-tf ~~ JM. HAMILTON & CO. eneral Dealers in Hardware, Iron, Steel, o Oils, Camphene, Powder, Fuse. Cordage, Tackle, Blocks, &e. at their old stand, No. 27 MAIN STREET, Nevada. Nevaia, A —tf H. ©. GARDINER T BR. MCFARLAND GARDINER & McFARLAND, Attorueys and Counsellors at Law. *k building Corner Pine and Broad GEORGE THACHER & C2. Wholest'e Dealers in FINE WINES, BR ANDIES, Eiquors, &c. Cor er K and 2d sts. Sacramento. te Acency for the sale of California Wines from the elebrated vinevard of I Thite, Los Angeles. . deel! J. R. M'CONNELL. A. C, NILES, McCONNELL & NILES, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, Will practice in all the Courts of the lth Judicial Disteiet, and in the Supreme Court. Office in Kidd's Block, up stairs. John Anderson, Justice of the Peace, Office—A few doors below T. Ellard Beans & Co., no sad street, Nevada JAMES CHURCHMAN, Attorney at Law. iselfsolely to the pracdwill be found always nd Pine Strects, Nevada exdept when about on prof onal business. july 10 Thomas Marsh, SIGN & ORNAMENTAL PAINTER, MAINSTREET, ABOVECOMMERCIAL. N EVADA CITY. Je feb 20-tf ~C. W. Young, aia MANUFACTURING JEWELER, WATCHMAKER AND DEALER IN o Be All kines of Fine Watches, ae ode ay. p" DIAMOND WORK & CUTLERY, on tand—Commercial street, Nevala —Ang. Rt Charles H. Bain, ARCHITECT AND BUILDER, VWARPENTEL i doncin the best style and with dea -srepaired and all kinds of Fan§ Od Tat iy thankful for pastfavors and solic tinnance thesame. J yin the rear of Williamson & Dawley’s Banking i6-tf ve W au. S. McR BEE rs, M. Hf. Foxsros. McRoberts & Funston, — Dealers in Groceries, Liquors WINES & MINERS’ SUPPLIES. N». 39 Broad Street, Nevada. NEXT DOOR TO THE VOST OFPICE, Come and see ua. ii County Surveyor’s Office. removed to couRT HOUSE, NEVADA. Joun L. GAMBLE, . (G. F. DEsrery County Surveyor b) / Deputy . persons are hereby cautioned against employing ors than such as may be deputized (Extract from Laws of California ) Cnar. 20, 3. Nosurvey or re survey hereafter made by any person except the Connty Surveyor or his nty shallbe consideredlegal evidence in any Court vithin this ‘ JOHN L. GAMBLE, Nevada, June 26th, 1857, CLEBURNE’S” MEDICAL OFFICE, ‘ COMMERCIAL STREFT, Névada, January 29th, i852 “wend Bissoiution. ting . FPYHE copartnership heretotore ¢ gust Juagherr and Jacob sian nesss, is this day dissolved by ! iness of the jate Gi Eads t 2 found ¢ pe Nevai ak. can e tound at the ries JACOB MANS. January, 14, 1858, mall

OL. 7 Vv ri 22+: NEVADA JOUR N EVADA, CALIFOR Che Hevada Hourual. PUBLISHED BY N.P. BROWN & Co. E. G. WAITE. OFFICE—No, 46 MAIN STREET. N. P. BROWN. . Baron Hemsotpr.—The following, from one of Bayard Taylor’s late letters cannot fail to interest all who know any . thing of the biography of Baron Humboldt. [He had written from Berlin to the great and good old man at Potsdam, asking the privilege of calling upon him again. “The next day’s express from Potsoo i ay ts ee For SIX Montuits. For Turee Monrus. SINGLE Cories... » America’s “Manirest Destiny,” — . A few years ago it was the cant of : certain political school to talk abou “manifest destiny.” The institutions of . America, said the partisans of this sect, are the best in the world—ergo, we . ought to extend them over the globe, . even if we doit at the point of the sword. . The absorption of Mexico, the annexation of Cuba, and the conquest of the West India islands were the rallying ery of these propagandist filibusters, these nineteenth century bueaniers. Fortunately for onr country, the mas of the people had teo mnch comme sense to become the dupes of this folly A half civilized republic might have been tempted by the high-sonndi: phrase of “manifest destiny.” c In a career of conqttest without stopping to consult their wishes. Ancient Ro or modern France might have fallen vietims to the delusion. But the intelligent, reflecting and conscientious fieemen, who constittite the bulk of American citizens, set the seal of their disap. probation immediately on this filibus. tering policy, pronouncing it little bet. ter than highway robbery. And they . were right. It has taken mankind a} long while to learn what real liberty is ; but the mass of the Ameritan people have learned it at last, as this de¢ision proves. The ancient world had no conception of liberty except as the power to domineer over others. when bound under the Roman yoke, longed for liberty, not merely to free his . country from paying tribute; but to ex. alt it toa supremacy among the nations. . The Greek, wheti stink to a subject of} the Cwsars, was unable to form any idea . of a restoration of liberty that did not . involve a return to his old armed as. cendancy over the rest of the civilized world. Athens, in her palmy days, . made slaves of the weaker Greek re publics about her, for even her brightest . intellects could conceive of no liberty . except the liberty of rulers. Bome her. self regarded liberty and dominion as . convertible terms She aspired after . what she called liberty ia her earliest career, and lamented the loss of liberty in her declining age, but it was, first and last, the liberty of doing as she pleased and denying to others a similar privilege. Her only idea of liberty was that of being mistress. Her sole conception of civilization was the compelling others . to live as she liked to live. Yet this is the very opposite of liberty. Notwo men are precisely alike in everything. Even brothers, brought up in the same family, differ more or less in tastes, opinions and habits. What is true of the individual is not less true of communities. Constitutions and laws, if they are to make a kingdom prosper. otts, must be the out-growth, so to speak, of the character of the people. Before A nation can develope successfully, under a republican form of government, . intelligence and self-discipline must be prominent features of its citizens. To . impose a free constitution on a people deficient in these qualities, in the vain . expectation of benefitting them, is te Injure, not to aidthem. It is to attempt forcing them to live up to a standard for which they are not competent—an_attempt which no subtlety is required to prove tyrannical in theory and abortive in fact. It is not extending liberty to Is only imp si & in anew form the o shibboleth of despotisur on the weaker partv. The “mavifes: destiny” school f the nineteenth cent o further in its votious of fibe Romars of old. The trne mission of this blic is to} 1d influence the werld by its example. not to conquer it hy flee’s or armies or bueThe mightiest moral and soeial revolution this earth has eve ;é seet wionessea anierving colonies. worked without the aid of a soldier or the stroke ef a single sword. The splendid paganism of anti yuity, though made sacred by the traditions of centuries, though entrenched behind the Was entrenched behind the state itself, fell before twelve men of despised vocations, the citizens of a despised race, speaking in a foreign and despised tongue, proa despised religion. And why did this old paganism fall?) Why did it in its fall drag down the Roman empire! It was because opinion, in the leng run, is mightier than the sword; because truth lives down a lie at last; because the precepts of the Gospel had only to be heard to convince men of their superivrity te the foul tenets of paganism. America stands forth—we speak it without irreverence—the messiah of a new political dispensation. She needs no armies to convince the world. Her prosperity speaks forher. The increasing intelligence of her citizens is a standing reproot to despotisin. Her “manifest destiny” is not to conquer by force, but to influence by example, to subdue by opinion. fessing Sweer PoraToes.—The eeport of the Surveyor General shows that sweet potatoes planted in this State have yielded an average of 270 bushels per 0 . denberg plain, and stating that, although 4 des. yotism would have engaeed its subjects . : . . a tone. . North. The Hebrew, . . depends greatly on my state of bodily material interests of a vast . and wealthy priesthood, who were again . dam brought me a most kind and friendly reply, welcoming me back to the . ‘Baltic sand-sea,’ as he calls the Branthe Emperor Alexander and his suite were to arrive that evening, he would vevertheless take an hour or two from . the excitement of the Court to talk to me aboutthe North. He was residing u the Palace at Potsdam, where he di‘ected me to call at noon on Monday. . * * * . . . I was giad when the clock struek twelve at last, and I could leave the rattling streets for that quiet corner of the palace in which Hum. boldt lives. The door was opened, as before, by Seife:t, who recognized me at once. ‘Weleome back!’ he cried; ‘we know where you have been—we have read all yourseiters! His Exeelcy tas b quite sick, and you will ot find his » strong as he was last j year, but he is in tolerable health again, hank G Come in, ¢ome in; he is} ; waiting.’ Opening the doer as he spoke, he ushere: intoa little library, on the threshold of which Humboldt, who . had visen, received me. He was slightlily paler than before, a little thinuer, perliaps, and 1 could sce that his step . was not so firm; but the pale blue eye) beamed as clear an mntelligenee as ever, . and the voice had as steady and cheery He shook Lauds with the cordiality of a friend, and, after the first greetings were over, questioned me mi. int uutely concerning my travels in the! But one topic soon suggeste a hund} red others and we were ere long, roam. ing ai large over the whole field of geography and climatology, touching the farthest and darkest regions of the earth . with the light of his stupendous knowl. edge. ‘The sheets of the new volume of . Cosmos lay upon the table. ‘Here is what I have been doing, since you w ere . here before,’ said he, taking it up; ‘the . work will be published in two or three weeks.’ ‘You find yourself, then, still . capable of such labor!’ I ventured to ask, ‘Work is now a part of my lite,’ said he; ‘I sleep so little, and much rest . would be irksome. Day befere yesterday, 1 worked for sixteen hours reviewing these sheets.’ ‘Are you not greatly fatigued,’ . asked, ‘after such an exertion ? = *On the contrary,’ he replied, ‘1 feel retreshed, but the performance of it health. Lam unconscious of any mental fatigue.’ As J saw in the face and heard in the voice, of the splendid old man, ail the signs of a sound, unfailing intellect, i cou'd well believe it. I had . prided myself a little on having worked jwith the brain fifteen hours a day for ; six months, yet here was Humboldt, in his eighty-uimth year, capable of equal exertion. The manner in which he spoke of his bodily health was exceedingly interesting tome. His mind, full of vigor and overflowing with active life; seemed to consider the body as something independent of itself, and to watch, with a curious eye, its gradual decay, as he . might have watched that of a tree in his . younger days. ‘Il have been unwell . through the Summer,’ said he, ‘but you . imust not believe all you have seen in the newspapers concerning my illness. . They stated that I was attacked with ! apoplexy, but it was only a vertigo, which soon left me, and has not been . followed by any of the usual effects of . apoplexy. Que result, however, shows that my body is begiiuing to give way. . . Lhave not the same power of coutrolling . my limbs as formerly ; the will does not seem to act upon the museles; there is a link somewhere, which it is . . probably too late to restore. For ina very often, whea Ll attempt to 1 Ser } broken st ce, walk s raight forwa d, . do not fee tain that iny legs will carry me iia ai tetles ney Mav po either oue it ier, and, tough b cannot} é ( want of strength, 1 feel} : . son, 1 must have assistance when I go up OrGgown stairs. After ali it is not} siogular that sulue paris of the maciiireiy should get rusty, at my age’ Soon afterward, while speaking of i libet, he referred to a fine Copperplate imap, aud } i noticed that he inost minute aames distinetiy, without the aid of) But then he has the eyes . jotayouth of twenty years. Age may . palsy his limbs, but it has uever looked out of these windows. . After 1 had been sitting au hour, Sei. fert came to the door and said, “Lhe two gentlemen have come—shall I adinit them?’ Lrose to leave, but Humboldt said, ‘No, no-—-vemain. ‘They are from Hongkong; perhaps you know) them.” . looked at the cards, and re. . coguized an acquaintance in the name of saw The Specracies. lan editor of a Hongkong paper. ‘The . other was a government ofhcial. After . they entered, the* couversation took a} more general tone, but I was not sorry for this afterwards, as it gave Humboldt . oceasion to reeall some scenes of his early life. One of the visitors spoke of . Frederick the Great. ‘I remember him well,’ said Humboldt; ‘I was sixteen! years old when he died, and I ean see his face still as plainly as I can see yours. I was but eighteen when I visited England for the first time. It was during the trial of Warren Hastings, which I frequently attended. I remember that Il heard Edmund Burke, Pitt and Sheridan all speak on the same night.’ I shall not repeat his account of the Congress of Vienna, or his anecdotes of Alexander I. of Russia, whom he knew iutimately, as 1 am not certain whether . was also the last evening in the year, . lt is true she had shoes on when she . looked so downeast ! . fell on her yellow hair, which curied so . prettily round her neek, but she did not . heed that. /ward than the other; and she drew her . legs up under her to warm herself, but . . would beat her; and it was also cold at . with knife and fork in its back; it came . directly up to the poor girl; then the . mental than that she had seen through . her, . er,” exclaimed the little girl, “oh! take NIA _ FRIDAY MORNING, the visitors left, I remained with him until it was time for him to prepare for the dinner given to Alexander II, to which he was bidden. ‘You will pass throagh Berlin, on your way to Moscow?’ said he. ‘Yes’ ‘Well—I must be polite enough to live until then. You must bring your wife with you. Oh, I know all about it, and you must not think, because I have never been married myself, that I do not congratulate you.’ After these cordial words, and a clasp of the hand, in which there was nothin weak or tremulous, I parted from the immortal old man.” The Little Match Girl--A Christmas Story. BY THE DANISH POET, ANDERSON. It was so terribly cold; it snowed, and the evening began to be dark ; it New Year’s Eve. On this cold, dark evening, a poor little girl went into the street with bare head and naked feet. went from home, but of what use were they? They were very large shoes, her mother had last worn them, they were too large ; and the little one lost them in hurrying over the street as two carriages passed quickly by. One shoe was no: found, and the other, a boy rau eWay with, saying he could use it for a cradie when he had children himself. The little girl now went on her small uaked feet which were red and blue with cold; she carried a number of matches in an old apron, and held one bundle in her hand. Noone had bought of her the whole day, no one had given her a farthing. Poor thing! she was hungry and benumbed with cold, and The snow flakes The lights shone out from all the windows, and there was such a delicious smell of the roast beef in the street; it was New Yedr’s Eve, and she thought of that! She sat down in a corner between two houses; the one stood a little more forshe was still cold, andshe durst not go home; she had not sold any matches, or got a single farthing! Her father home, they had only the roof directly over them, and there the wind whistled in, although straw and rags were stuffed in the large crevices. Her little hands were almost benutbed with cold. Ab! a little match might do some good, durst she only draw one out of the bundle, strike it on the wall, and warm her fingers. She drew out one match? how it burned! it was a wa:m clear flame like that of a little candle, when she held her hand round it; it was a strange light! The little girl thought she sat by a large iron stove with brass balls on the top, the fire burned so nicely and warmed so well! Nay, what wasthat? The little girl stretched out her feet to warm them, too; when the flame went out; the steve vanished, she sat witha burnt match in her hand. Another was struck, it burned, it shone; and where the light fell on the wall it beeame as transparent tis rape; she looked directly into the room, where the roasted goose stuffed with apples and prunes steamed so charmingly oa the table on which it was laid out coyvéred with a shining white cloth and fine porcelain cervice. What was still more splendid, the goose sprung off the dish and waddled along the floor match went out, and there was only the thick, cold wall to be seen. She struck another match. ‘Thenshe sat under the most charming Christmastree ; it was still larger and more ornathe glass door at the rich merchant’s, the last Christmas; a thousand candles burned on the green branches; and motley pietures, like those which ornament the shop windows, looked down at ‘Lhe little girl lifted up both hands, then the mateh was extinguished, the . many iS Christmas candles rose higher aud higher; she saw that they weve thight stars; one of them fell and made a fiery stripe in the sky “Now one dies!” said the poor girl, for old grandmother, who had alone been kind to her, but who was now dead, had teld hei that whena star falls, a soul goes up to God! . She again struck a match against the wall; it shone all around, and her old . grandmother stood in the lustre, so shining, so mild and bli sful. “Grandmothme with you! I know you will be gone away when the mateh goes out, like the warm stove, the Wir: roast goose, and the delightful Christmas-tree !”” and she struck in haste the whole remainder of matches that were in the bundle; she would not lose sight of grandmother, aud the matches shone with such brillianey that it was clearer than in broad daylight. Grandmother had never before looked so pretty, so great; she lifted the poor little girl up in her arms, and they flew ro high, so high, in splendor and joy, there was no cold, no anxiety; they were with God. But the little girl sat in the corner by the house, in the cold morning hour, with red cheeks, and with a smile round her mouth, dead—frozen to death, the hast evening of the old year. New Year's morning rose over the little corpse as it sat with the matches, of which a bundle was burned. But no one knew what beautiful things she had seen, in what splendor and gladness she had entered with her old grandmother into the New Year’s joys. ’ SusPENsION BripGg.—An aqueduct, 1,(00 feet long, to be suspended on wire is to be built on Poverty Bar, in CalaveI have a right to do so at present. After . ras county. LivinasTon’s TRAVELS IN AFrica.— . Sekeletu, proud of his new unif We make the following extracts from Dr. Livingston’s ‘Travels in Africa,” which we take from Harper's Magazine for February. Livingstone’s work. will be found in the Nevada Library, “In course of time Mr. Livingston beeame convinced that Bibles and preaching were not all that was necessary. Civilization must accompany Christianization; and Commerce was ostensible to civilization; for commerce, more speedily than anything else, would break down the isolation of the tribes, by making them mutually dependent upen and serviceable to each other. It is well known that northward, beyond the désert, lay a great lake, inthe midst of a country rieh in ivory and other articles of commerce. In former years, when rains had been more abundant, the natives had frequently crossed this desert; and somewhere tear the lake dwelt a famous chief, named Sebituane, who had onege lived on friendly terms in the neighborhood of Sechele, who was anxious to renew the old acquaintance. Boers. So the missiovary became a traveler and explorer. While laying his plans and gathering information, the opportune arrival of Messrs. Oswell and Murry, two wealthy Englishmen who had become enamored of African hunting, enabled him to undertake the proposed . expedition, Mr. Oswell agreeing to pay the guides, who were furnished by Sechele. This expedition, which resulted in the discovery of Lake Nemai, set out from the missionary station at Kolobeng on the Ist of June, 1819 The way lay across the great Kahalari desert, seven hundred miles in breadth. ‘This isa singular regions ‘Though it has no runnivg streams, and few and scauty wells, } it Abotnds in animals and vegetable life. . Mén, animals, and plauts accommodate themselves singularly to the seareity ef water. Grass is abundant, growing in tufts; bulbous plants abound, among . which are the /erosiua, whieh sends up a slender stalk not larger than a crow quill, with a tubor, a foot or more below Mr. Livingston determined . to open intercourse with this region, in . spite of the threats and opposition of the . the surface, as large as a child’s head, . consisting of a mass of cellular tissue filled with a cool and refreshing fluid ; and the mokur?, which deposits under ground, within a cirele of a yard from its stem, a mass of tubors of the size of a man’s head. During years when the rains are unustally abundant, the kaiahari is covered with the kenewe, a cies of water melon. Animals and men rejoice in the rich supply; anlelopes, lionss lyeuas, jackals, ntce; and men devour it with equal avidity. The people of the desert conceal their wells with jealous care. They fill them with sand, and place their dwellings at a distance, that their proximity may not betray the precionssecret. ‘The women repair co the wells with a score or so of speostrich shells in a bag slung over their . Digging down an arm's: . length, they insert a hollew reed, with a . shoulders. bunch of grass tied to the end, then ram the sand firmly around the end of the tube. The water slowly filters into the bunch of grass, and is sucked up thro’ the reed, and squirted mouthfal by mouthful into the shells. When all are filled, the women gather up their load

and trudge homeward. Elands, springbucks, koodoos, and ostriches somehow seem to get along yery well without any moisture, except that contained in the grass they eat. They appear to live for months without drinking} but whenever rhinoceroses, buffa. loes, or enus are scen, it is held to be certain proof that water exists within a few miles. The passage of the Kalahari was ef. fected, not without considerable diffeul. ty, in two months, the expedition reaching Lake Neamion the Ist of August. As they approached it, they came upon a considerable river. ‘Whenee does this come?’ ingston, ‘From a country fall of rivers,’ was the reply; ‘so many that no man ean tell their number, and full of large trees.’ This was the first actual coufirmation of the report of the Backwins that the asked Livcountry bevond was not the large ‘sandy . platean of ge graphers. The prospect of a highway capable of being traversed by boats to an unexplored fertile region so filled the mind of Livingston that, . : . Cambridge, where he spends his winter, ery seemed of comparatively little im. when he came to the lake, this discov* * * * portance. * A third expedition was successful, although the whole party came near perishing for want of water, and their eattle, which had been bitten by the Tsetse, died. * * * * * * Livingston had satisfied bimself that the great River Lecambye, up which he had paddled so many miles on his way to the west, was identical with the Zam besi, which had discovered four years previously. The two names are indeed the same, both meaning “The Rives,’ in different dialeets spoken on its banks. This great river is an object of wonder tothe natives. ‘They have a song which runs, “The Leeamsbye! Nobody knows V hence it comes, and whither it goes.” Livingston had pursued it far up towards its source, and knew whence it came; and now he resolved to follow it down to the sea, trusting that it would furnish a water communication into the very heart of the continent. It was now October—the close of the hot season. ‘The thermometer stood 100 degrees in the shade; inthe sun it sometimes rose to 130. During the day the people kept close in their huts, guzzling a kind of beer called Sayola, and seeming to enjoy the copious perspiration which it induces. As evening sat in the dance began, which was kept up in the moonlight till long after midnight. . . find it in the Wash . style. i other servants, { MARCI 12, 1858. orm, and pleased with the prospect of trade which had been opened, entertained Livingston hospitably, and promised to fit him out for his eastern journey as soon as the rains had commenced, and somewhat cooled the burning soil. He sat out early in November, the Chief with a large body of retainers accompanying ing him as far as the Falls of. Mosioatunye, the most remarkable piece “of natural scenery in all Africa, which no European had ever seen or heard of. The Zambesi, here a thousand yards broad, seems all at once to lose itself in the earth. It tumbles into a fissure in the hard basaltie rock, running at a right-angle with the course of the stream, and prolonged for thirty miles through the hills. ‘This g:sure, hardly eighty feet broad, with sides perfectly perpendicular, is fully a hundred feet in depth down to the surface of the water, which shows like a white thread at the bottom ‘The noise made by the . descent of such a mass of water into this seething abyss is heard for miles, and five distinct columns of vapor rise like pillars of smoke to an enormous height. Hence the Mokololo name for the cataract, Just oa ftunye—‘Smoke sounds j here !’—for which Livingston, with ques. tionable taste, proposes to substitute the jname of ‘Victoria Fells’—a change i which we trust the world will not sane. tion. . From these falls the country gradual. ty ascends towaids the east, the river i finding its way by this deep fissure thro’ the hills. Everything shows that this whole region, for hundreds of miles, was once the bed of an immense fresh water lake. By some convulsions of nature, eecurring at a period geologically recent, this fissure was formed, and thro’ it the Jake was drained, with the exception of the deepest part, which constitutes the present Lake Ngami. Similar indications exist of the former existence of immense bodies of water, which have in like manner been drained by fissures through the surrounding eleva tions, leaving shallow lakes at the lowest points. Sucb are, undoubtedly, 'l'sad at the north, Ngami at the south, Dilolo at the west, and Segonyikaand Nyanja, of which we have only vague reports, atthe east. This great lake region of former days seems to have extended 2500 miles from north to south, with an average breadth, from east to west, of 600 or 700 miles. . . . Encutsu Wien Live.—'The following is extracted trom a letter written by an officer of the Merrimac trigate, when she lay at Southamptoa, in October. We reton (N C.) Journal: “Much atrention Las been paid us lashore, too, especially by two families —one, that of an old East India generlal, the other that of Lord Hardwicke. General Fraser, has passed most of his . tife in India, and now lives in ease and comfort on the Southampton water.— At a dinner at his house we had an_ opportunity of seeing how the aristocracy here live. Lord Hardwicke and family and several other guests, were there to meet us, and everything was in spleiudid A turbaned Indian, with several waited at table. The plate was super), and the diuner most recherche. Wesat down to table at halfpast seven o’clock. ‘These are always epaulette and sword occasions. Lord Hardwicke’s family consists of his Countess, his eldest son (about eighteen or twenty, aud Lord Royston by courtesy) three of the finest looking daughters you ever saw, and several young sons. ‘The daughters—Lady Mlizabeth, Lady Mary ange Lady Aguita—are surpassingly beautiful ; such development, such rosy cheeks, laughing eyes, and unaffected manners you rarely see combined. ‘They take a great deal of out-door exercise, and came aboard the Merrimae in a heavy rain, with Irish thicker soled isloes than you or L ever wore, and . cloaks and dresses almost impervious to wet. ‘They steer their father’s yacht, walk the Lord knows how many miles, and don’t care a cent about rain, besides doing a host of other things that would shock our ladies to death, and yet, in the parlor, they are the most elegant womeu in their satin shoes and diamonds IL ever saw. ‘The Countess, in her coroInet of jewels, is an elegant lady, and looks like a fit mother for three such . women. His lordship has given us three jer four dinners He lives here merely through the yachting season, and leaves here on Friday for his country seat at as do all English gentlemen of means. in hunting, &c.and when parliament is in session, he lives in London, in his own house. Here he has a host of servants, and they wear the gaudiest livery— white coats with big silver buttons, white cravats, plush knee breeches and vest, white silk stockings and low shoes. Lord MHardwicke’s brother is Dean of pretty daugl.ters, and is himself a jolly York, a high church dignitary, has two gentleman. After dinner, the ladies play and sing for us and the other night they got up a game oi blind man’s buff, in which the ladies said that we had the advantage of them, inasmuch as their “petticoats rustled, so that they were easily caught.” They call things by their names here. In the course of the game Lord Hardwicke himself was blindfolded, and, trying to catch some one, fell over his daughter's lap on the floor, when two or three of the girls caught him by the legs and dragged his lordship, roaring with laughter, as we all were, cn his back into the middle of the door. Yet they are perfectly re“a jspectful, but appear on a perfect equality with each other. In fact, the English are a great people. Two elubs here have offered us the use of their room. Men of the least merit are most apt to be fulsome. arrogant, impudent, and contemptuous, <sem = ” — ee 8 LU TOMEI ee ia ava a9 Inrerestine Sraristics in Reaarp To Emigration —An admirable work on the history of European Emigration to the United ‘States, has been issued from the Atlantic press. he author, Mr. Wm. Bromwell, presents interesting extracts in regard to the nationality, sex, age, and professions of the four . millions two hundred and twelve thou. sand six hundred and twenty-four for. eign emigrants who, in thirty-seven . Years have come from Europe and other jparts of the world. He has patiently examined and compared the oilicial reports, which, however, give no regular information on the subject previous to 1849. grant movement was not perceptible until 1784. During the first ten years, it was almost exelusively from the English and French ports, eomprising « yearly average of only about four thousand emigrants. But in 1794, when western Europe began to feel painfully tne first effects of the great social revolution, the eurrent suddenly increased, and the number arose .to ten thousand. From that period until 1815, the long wars on the continent, the blockade of . the ports, and the strugele on the sea between England and her former American colonies, hindered the advance of emigration. erease, aud the number of emizrants rose to twenty-two thousand two hund-! red and forty. Two years later, in 1819, Congress abuses resulting from the improper . crowding of passengers on board ships. . All obstacles being thus removed, the current gradually and constantly increased. From 1819 to 1829, there were 128,502 emigrants; from 1830 to . According to Mr. Bromwell, the emi-. . Again in 1817, at the re-/. turn of peace, there was a sudden in: . OLE NUMBER 391, I Love rue Woops.—Give me the woods, the wild free woods, by the side of a little farm, where the springs and tills are gushing free, where bud and fl v lower aud leaf and tree are fragrant vith heaven’s fresh breath, I love to see the tiny bids come peeping from their folded leaves, and wateh them . @pening one by one to meet the warm ¢lance of the sun, and yield their perjtume sweet. J hate brick walls and all that sort of cold and stately thing, but a nice and tidy little cot ina pleasant, shady, quiet spot is just the home for me; a well tilled garden made behind, and a clean, green yard in front, where the children play the live long dav, and never once think of wishing to stray from a home in go lovely a place. I love tee cricket in the hearth that sings the live long eve, and even the frog with his rough eh-gog, the tabby cat and the shabby dog have each their various charms forme. TI love to see the wee, wee birds pick crumbs from round the door, and with music rare fill the whote airas though never a thought and never . . . . }a care had got in their little throats. At a lot like mine I never repine, tho’ wealth, wealth come never a whit, lam happy and gay the live long day, and whether at work or whether at play, is all the same to me.—Fuora, of Placerville Democrat. CovLp Nor Get a Divorer.—An interesting suit for divorce has been pending in the Twelfth District Court of San . Francisco, in which “Kate Gray,” the passed laws for the propér regulation of . emigration, and to prevent the excessive . actress, applied fora separation of the marriage contract with one Randall Smith, her husband. Kate was unfortunate in not having her plea of neglect well grounded, by which means she t failed to obtain a bill of divorce. —r 1839, 538.381; from 1840 to 2ST a 427,337; and from 1850 to 1854, 2,118.404; giving a total, as already stated, . of 4.212,624. The year 1854 furnished . the largest number of emigrants, amounting to 427,833, of whom 206,000 were Germans; a sort of emigrant fever, . partly owing to the attractions of Cali. fornia, having, after 1847, seized upon . several States of the Germanic Confederation. In 1855, there was a reaction, . and the number decreased to 230,746. Now, however, emigration has resumed . lis former activity, and is again steadily increasing. Of this grand total of 4,212,624 foreizuers, the ofticial doeuments show that } 2,485.80 were males, and 1,679,136 females. Of the remainder the sex is not designated in the reports. ‘Their pre dominant age Was from twenty to twenty-five years, aadthen from twenty to thirty <A large number eame in families, in which cases those over forty years of age were relatively numerous. . . ° s . le as also children of ten, and five years. and even less. The chief emigrant . port of entry is New York. Next, in the order in which they are named, are New Orleans, Charleston, Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Galveston. Since 1850, San Francisco has received, by direct arrlyals by sea, 62,852 emigrauts. ‘i There are but meagre accounts of the professions of emigrants. Of 226,288 of the emigrants of 1854, 169,561 were farm laborers: 37,000 mechanics; 15.173 traders ; aud 1,260 sailors. The rest—about 3,000—belonged to ditfereut liberal professions. Of these, 237 were physicians; 137lawyers, 397 clergymen, 212 engineers, 96 professors, 66 artists, 13 actors, ete. It will be seen that art is modestly represented by but 79 persons out of 428,000. Ireland has furnished the largest number of emigrants ; in all, about 1,747,930 of whom about one-half emigrated during the calamitous years from 1846 to 1854. In 1855, however, the number of ewigrants from Ireland was but 49,627, less than a third of the number in 1883. This is a pleasing proof of the improvement of the condition of the Irish peasantry. The eutire United Kingdom has furnished, in 37 years named. 2,343,445 emigrants; Germany, 1,242,081; aud France, 188,752. — It is remarkable, says the Washington Globe, that the Greco-Latin, or Mediterranean emigrants, number only about 300,000, or about seven per cent, of the grand total of those who have mingled with the descendants of the Tilzrim Fathers. Consequently, ninety-three per cent, are composed of the northern races, among whom our origiual race took its origin. The present . mixture of nationalities on the American Continent cannot, therefore, be considered heterogeneous, but rather as a grand family reunion, that promises . the highest and happiest results —San . Francisco Globe. A Revative, Anynow.—Morgan was noted for possessing great courage . and presence of mind, and the ecrossest wifein the neighborhood More than one attempt had been made to frighten him without suecess; but one dark and . stormy evening, one of his brothers-inlaw resolved tosee if there was any seare in him, fixed up in the most chost. ly style possible, and stationed himself ina lonely piece of woods through which Morgan had to pass on his way home. The pretended ghost had scarcely settled himseifin position, when Morgan hove in sight, and came whistling along unconcerned as usual. Suddealy the . ghostly figure confronted him, and told him to stop. Morgan stopped, and after regarding his companion for a momeut . or two, said with the utmost coolness: 1 \ “I can’t stop, fiiend; if you are a man, 1 must request you to get out of . the way and let me pass; if you are the devil, come along and take supper with me; I married your sister.” At Vienna during the panic hardly a day passed without a suicide of some unfortunate speculator. em i iin tat A. A. SARGENT, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, OFFICE Kidd & Knox's Building, Bread Street. We S. SPEAR H. I. THORNTON, ; Spear &, Thornton, Jounsellois and Attorneys at Law DOWNIEVILLE, CALIFORNIA, JILL PRACTICE inthe Courts of the Fourteenth Judicial District and the Supreme Court. Downieville, Feb. 27, 1857. HENRY MEKEDITH. ‘Tuomas . HAWLEY Meredith & Hawley, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, Ofice—Kidd & Knox’s Brick Bnilding. WM. J. KNOX, Cc. T. OVERTON KKenox & Overton, PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, OFFICE—On Broa . street, 2d door above Pine. jan22 STANTON BUCKN €. WILSON HILL uekner & Hill, IEFICE IN KELSEY'S BUILDING. SECOND FLOOR Commercial street, Nevada. ciated themsel ve ether in the prac av. will attend p ptiv to all business care in Nevaila and adjoining counties. ly 18, 1856-tf ~~ JM. HAMILTON & CO. eneral Dealers in Hardware, Iron, Steel, o Oils, Camphene, Powder, Fuse. Cordage, Tackle, Blocks, &e. at their old stand, No. 27 MAIN STREET, Nevada. Nevaia, A —tf H. ©. GARDINER T BR. MCFARLAND GARDINER & McFARLAND, Attorueys and Counsellors at Law. *k building Corner Pine and Broad GEORGE THACHER & C2. Wholest'e Dealers in FINE WINES, BR ANDIES, Eiquors, &c. Cor er K and 2d sts. Sacramento. te Acency for the sale of California Wines from the elebrated vinevard of I Thite, Los Angeles. . deel! J. R. M'CONNELL. A. C, NILES, McCONNELL & NILES, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, Will practice in all the Courts of the lth Judicial Disteiet, and in the Supreme Court. Office in Kidd's Block, up stairs. John Anderson, Justice of the Peace, Office—A few doors below T. Ellard Beans & Co., no sad street, Nevada JAMES CHURCHMAN, Attorney at Law. iselfsolely to the pracdwill be found always nd Pine Strects, Nevada exdept when about on prof onal business. july 10 Thomas Marsh, SIGN & ORNAMENTAL PAINTER, MAINSTREET, ABOVECOMMERCIAL. N EVADA CITY. Je feb 20-tf ~C. W. Young, aia MANUFACTURING JEWELER, WATCHMAKER AND DEALER IN o Be All kines of Fine Watches, ae ode ay. p" DIAMOND WORK & CUTLERY, on tand—Commercial street, Nevala —Ang. Rt Charles H. Bain, ARCHITECT AND BUILDER, VWARPENTEL i doncin the best style and with dea -srepaired and all kinds of Fan§ Od Tat iy thankful for pastfavors and solic tinnance thesame. J yin the rear of Williamson & Dawley’s Banking i6-tf ve W au. S. McR BEE rs, M. Hf. Foxsros. McRoberts & Funston, — Dealers in Groceries, Liquors WINES & MINERS’ SUPPLIES. N». 39 Broad Street, Nevada. NEXT DOOR TO THE VOST OFPICE, Come and see ua. ii County Surveyor’s Office. removed to couRT HOUSE, NEVADA. Joun L. GAMBLE, . (G. F. DEsrery County Surveyor b) / Deputy . persons are hereby cautioned against employing ors than such as may be deputized (Extract from Laws of California ) Cnar. 20, 3. Nosurvey or re survey hereafter made by any person except the Connty Surveyor or his nty shallbe consideredlegal evidence in any Court vithin this ‘ JOHN L. GAMBLE, Nevada, June 26th, 1857, CLEBURNE’S” MEDICAL OFFICE, ‘ COMMERCIAL STREFT, Névada, January 29th, i852 “wend Bissoiution. ting . FPYHE copartnership heretotore ¢ gust Juagherr and Jacob sian nesss, is this day dissolved by ! iness of the jate Gi Eads t 2 found ¢ pe Nevai ak. can e tound at the ries JACOB MANS. January, 14, 1858, mall