February 29, 1860 (4 pages)

_ VOL. VII,.NO. 22. NEVADA DEMOCRAT, PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY MORNING, BY I. J. ROLFE & C0. ¥. H. ROLFE, I. J. ROLFR, A. P. CHURCH. OFFICE—CORNER BROAD AND PINE STREETS. TERMS: ‘or one year, in advance, $6 00 months, 300 Three 200 Mingle Copies, 25 cts. CHAS. W. YOUNG, CALIFORNIA JEWELRY, WATCHMAKER, —AND— DWSALER IN FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY, DI4MOND WORK, @e. ‘s New Brick, Commereia] Street, Nevada. GEORGE H. LORING, MANUFACTURING JEWELER, Next door below C. W. Young's, Main Street. N. B.—All work pertaining to the Jewelry business ‘meatly performed. Nevada, Jan. 8th 1858.—16-tf F. MANSELL, Sign and Ornamental Painter, All work promptly attended to, and in the best atyle of ‘the art. * amma street, above Pine, Nevada. 46-tf STANTON BUCKNER, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. Ofice—Kelsey’s Brick Building, Commercial] street. ‘At the office lately occupied by Messrs. Buckner & Hill. Nevada, Dec. 1858. 10-t£ C. WILSON HILL, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. nd story of Abbott’s Brick Building, Com mercial Street, Nevada. Nevada, Dec. 6th 1858. 10-tf i JOHN GARBER. NNELL & GARBER, ATTORNEYS & COUNSELORS AT LAW, Will practice in all the Courts of the 14th Judicial Distriet, and in the Supreme Court. OfMfiee, Kidd’s Brick Bullding, Broad Street, Nevada, Nov. 16, 1889. Sed elas 7-4f THOMAS P. HAWLEY, Attorney & Counsellor at Law, AND NOTARY PUBLIC. Ovricee—Up Stairs, in Kidd & Knox's Brick Building, Cerner of Pine and Broad Streets, Nevada. Nevada July 25,1859 43-tf DAVID BELDEN, ATTORNEY AT LAW. Partieular attention given to procuring United States Land Warrants for persons entitled to the same by Military Service. Ornoa—At the Court House, Nevada, Ce DR. R. M. HUNT, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, Broad Street, 45-tf 4. 8. M’ CONNELL McCO Orrice—At Wickes & Co's. Drug Store, Neovade. am. J. KNOX, ©. T, OVBRTON KNOX & OVERTON, PHYSICIANS & SURGEONS, Ovpner—North side of Commorcial Street, a few doorn above Main strect. Nevada Jan. 12th 1858.—14-tf Gio. WwW KIDD, Banker. Inthe Granite Building BROAD STREET, NEVADA. AVING OPENED A BANKING HOUSE IN NEVADA, in building erected express!y for that purpose, would inform his friends and the public that he is ;repared to receive deposits, General and Special, and transact a gen eral Banking Business. we GOLD DUST -¢8 PURCHASED AT THE HIGHEST MARKET RATES, And liberal advances made on Dust forwarded for Assay or for Coinage at the U. 8. Mint. Sight Checks on San Francisco and Saramento at PAR. DRAFTS on the Eastern Cities at the Lowest Rates. Collections made, and State and Connty Securities purghased at the highest Market Value. Nevada Feb. l4th 1860.—20-tf es 4. @, MIRDSEYE, Cc. N. FELTON. BIRDSEYE & CO., BANEERNS, No. 30 MAIN STREET, NEVADA. PURCHASE GOLD DUST AND BULLION AT THE HIGHEST MARKET RATES. Advances made on GOLD DUST for Assay or Coinege atthe U.S. Branch Mint, CHECKS AT PAR, on San Francisco, Sacramento, and Marysville. our SIGHT EXCHANGE on METROPOLITAN BANK, New York, For Sale in sums to suit. Parehase State and County Securities at the Highest Rates. Ba Deposits received, Collections made, and transact @ genera! Banking Business. evads, April lst, 1859. NEVADA ASSAY OFFICE, —BY— JAMES J. OTT, [Successor of F. Schotte.] HO. 30 MAIN STREET, NEVADA. 2a, en mw «<& 2S FS SECS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, Melted, Refined and Assayed at San Francisco Rates, and Returns made in Bars or Coin, within a few hours. My assays are Guaranteed. Bars discounted at the Lowest Market Price. mae Leaded Gold and Black Sand lots bought at the highest prices, JAS. T. OTT. mas, W. MULFORD, 4. H. HAGADORE. C. W. MULFORD & CO., BANE ERS, At his Old Stand, Main Street, Nevada. GOLD DUST BOUGHT at the Highest Market Rates. SIGHT CHECKS on Sacramento and San Franaiseo AT PAR. DUST forwarded to the U.S. Branch Mint, for Assay r Coinage, and advances made on the same if required. Wevada, Oct. Stb, 1859. J. M. HAMILTON & CO., General Dealers in Mardware, Iron, Steel, Glass, Paints Oils, Anvils, Glass, Paints, Linseed, Lard, Sperm and Polar Oils, Leatherand Rubber Belting, Powder, Fuse, Cordage, Tackle Blocks, Duck, Rubber Hose, Hydraulic Pipes, Quicksilver, Lead Pipe, Plows, Straw Cutters, ete., ete. At their old Stand, 27 Main street. 3.%, HAMILTON, B. L. COTE. POWDER! Powder!! POWDER!!! A A0 KEGS of Blasting Powder now on haadand for Sale, Cheap for Cash, in quantities to suit. These wishing to purchase will do well to give usa call. J. M. HAMILTON & CO. -u 27 Main street, Nevada. G. E. WITHINGTON, DEALER IN French and American Paper Hangings, INDOW SHADES, Brass Cornice, Geld Mouldings Paints, &c. Painting ofall kinds, and paper hang+ @xecuted in the best style, at short notice. tf No. 7 Broad Street, Nevada. * . 4 © USP t, Nevada. H'SHEST MARKET PRICE PAID FOR COUNTY ORDEBRS—in Wood, Grub or Cash, by J. M. HIXSON, Ne. 77 Broad Street, Nevads. ‘ ts * _ . ’ . = +. a i Ae ee ee ee “ +-. ,. * # . s . pn rt ; PE yc re . ok tt i . > = NATIONAL EXCHANGE, NO, 32. & 34, BROAD STREET, NEVADA. GEORGE R. LANCASTER, Proprietor. THE UNDERSIGNED WOULD RESPECTFULLY announce to the Citizens of Nevada and vicinity, and the Traveling Puplic, that he has leased the well-known and known ATIONAL EXCHANGE, oa street, "Ths Building is of Brick, three stories high, and THOROUGHLY FIRE-PROOF, (Having stood two Fires.) The several a: ts have recently been fitted up in & Style that cannot be surpassed. The Beds and Furniture are New, And for Comfort cannot be excelled. THB TABLE will at all times be supplied with all the VARIETIES the Market affords. pe GAME SuUPrrYTaitins, GOT UP TO ORDER. Particular attention will be paid to the accommodation of LADIES AND FAMILIES THE STAGES, runzing tn all atrections from take their departures -, Nevada, have their Offices at, an from, the NATIONAL EXCHANGE. 727 0OPEN ALL NIGHT. “@R THE BAR, under the charge of an experienced Bar-keeper, will be constantly supplied with the Choicest Wines, Liquors, and Cigars. Having had long experience at the business, Iam confident of being able to make the NATIONAL the best Hotel in the Mountains, and a comfortable Home for Travelers. CHARGES WILL BE MODERATE, TO SUIT THE TIMES. BIRR A LIVERY STABLE IS CONNECTED WITH THE HOUSE, AND particular attention will be given to the care of Horses, Carriages, &c. Horses and Carriages can at all times be procured, by application at the Bar. GEO. R. LANCASTER, Proprietor. UNITED STATES HOTEL. ‘BROAD &T., A FEW DOORS BELOW PINE, NEVADA, > THE UNDERSIGNED HAVE REfitted and completely renovated the buildiug formerly known as the “Democrat Building,’’ for the purpose of carrying on the Hotel Business. They are now prepared to accommodate Travelers in as good style as any other HOTEL IN THE MOUNTAINS, THE ROOMS are well ventilated, and are furnished with the best of beds and bedding. THE TABLE will be bountifully supplied with all the varieties found in the Market. Meals, Fifty Cents, Lodgings, per night, 50and 75 ets. GRUSH & PARKER, Proprietors. TEETH! TEETH!! TEETH!!! Se After forty years practice in all parts of the werld, DOocrTroR LEVASON By the advice of bis friends, intends residing permanently in NEVADA. He has by him a large assortment of Artificial Teeth of French, German, English & American make, besides some of the mest beautiful, manufactured by himrelf, composed principally of #®@ CALIFORNIA QUARTZ!! “ea Those requiring the DENTIST, will find the benefit of visiting the DOCTOR, he being a therough mechanie, they will have the advantage of watching their cases during the construction, and the years ef experience in allaying the pain of Toothache by Galvaniem, or if necessary, extraction with facility, with all operations of SCALING, CLEANING, .sAUGGING . & STOPPING, Willat once prove the advantage the Ladies and Gentlemen of this and adjoming counties will derive by visit DR. LEVASON, At his office, up stairs, over Block & Co's store, Corner Pine and Commercial sts. Nevada Cal. ing February let 1860,—18-3in DENTISTRY. DR. A. CHAPMAN, DENTIST{CALIS . particular attention to his Tooth Anodyne, . which, when applied, will stop the tooth-ache in five minutes, and effectually destroy the nerve, leaving it in fit condition to be filled without causing pain, where it would otherwise have to be extracted. . All Dental operations performed in a neat avd substan: . tial manner, and satisfaction guaranteed in all cases, { Orrercs—In Kidd & Knox's Brick Building, corner of . Broad and Pine srreets, Nevada, where he intends to re. main permanently. January, 1860.—tf PIDNITEDE CTD TD ¢ FURNITURE STORE? H. H. SHAFER & CO., We ee RESPECTFULLY ANNOUNCE TO THE CITIZENS of Nevada and vicinity, that they have opened a Furniture Store, on a Broad St., Opposite National Exchange. And keep constantly on hand and for sale an extensive assortment of Chairs, Tables, Sofas, Bureaus, Bedsteads, Bedding, &e., Hair, Pulu, Moss, aud Spring Mattrasses, on band, and Manufactured to order. Pillows and Bolsters. Pulu, Hair, Woel, Moss and Straw Pillows ! Feathers, . and Bolaters, Blankets. Light and Heavy Red, Blue, Green, Gray and White, Mackinack and common Blankets, various styles, Family White and Crib Blankets. ; M@ Particular attention will ve given to the manufacture of Spring Mattrasses, J. W. SINGER wil] attend to the business of the House, and being connected with one of the largest Fur niture Houses in San Francisco, is prepared to sell at greatly Reduced Rates, and would respectfully invite those in want of articles in his line to call aud examine for themselres. NEW ESTABLISHMENT! Branch of the Sacramento NEW CORNER CIGAR STORE. M. GREENHOOD, ON BROAD &8T., SECOND DOOR ABOVE POST OFFICE, REVADA CITY, JOULD RESPECTFULLY INFORM THE PUBLIC THAT he bas opened a Cigar and Fruit Store, And solicits a share of patronage. He has a large Stock of choice artieles in his line, and wil! sell at Wholesale and Retail, At the Lowest Prices for Cash. 8% Country Dealers supplied at Sacramento Prices. “qm M. GREENHOOD. Nevada, January, 1860. Co-Partnership Notice. HE UNDERSIGNED, FAVING PURCHASED the BIRDSEYE & PALMER SAW MILL, and M. L. MARSH having purchased an interest in the Sash Factery of Palmer & Perry, have this day formed a Co-partnership under the name of MARSH, PALMER & PERRY, for the purpose of manufacturingg all kinds of LUMBER, SASH, BLINDS, DOORS, &. All orders left at the Mill, or at the Sash Factory, on . Cayote street, will be promptly attended to. M. L. MARSH, L, 0. PALMER, 8. RK. PERRY. Nevada, May Ist, 1859.—tf “COAL OIL LAMPS! DEIT’Z PATENT. GREAT VARIETY OF THE MOST eiegant patterns, suitable for Dwellings, Churches, Stores, and Public Buildings, at PRICES which will bring them within the reach of all. Upon a trial of these Lamps it will be found that they afford by far the most economical Light ever used. By the turning of a single screw, a strong or subdued light may be produced—heving all the convenience of GASS, at about one-tenth the expense. Also, the Patent Crystal Lluminating Coal Oil, Prepared by the most approved Chemical Process, This Oil has never been known to fail in uniformity of quality and for its brillianey of Light, when used in these NEW LAMPS, It may with truth be regarded as the Great Illuminater of the Age! For Sale by J.M. HAMILTON & CO., Sole Agents for this City, 3-tf Ne. 47 Mian Street, Nevada. NEVADA DEMOCRAT. RervusiicaN Convention.—The Republican State Convention, called toelect delegates to the Chicago Convention, assembled at Sacramento last Weduesday. It is enid to have been the largest Convention of that party ever held in the State—delegates from nearly all the counties in the State being in attendance. The following gentlemen were elected to represent this State at Chicago: F.P. Tracy, Leland Stanford, 'B. W. Cheesman, A. A. Sargent, D. J. Staples, Sam. Bell, R. Mattheson, and Oharles Watrous. Frem the speeches and proceedings of the Convention it would appear that Seward was the choice of a large majority of the delegates; but they did not deem it advisable to instruct their delegates to Chicago te vote for him—lea'ving them free to act according to the best of their judgment. Quick Corresronprner.—The Alta says that a gentleman who went to the Atlantic States on the Golden Gate and Baltic—leaving San Franciseo on the 6thof January, when the quick passage of 18 days and 20 hours was made—wrote back by the overland mail the news of his arrival, which letter reached San Franeiseo on the fortieth day after the departure hence of the writer. This is the quickest return of correspondeace ever made between San Francisco and New York. A Yovuxe Lecrorur.—Master Gilmore, a promising youth of fourteen years, who lately had one of bis legs amputated, delivered a lecture afew nights ago,in San Francisco, on “California and the Pacific Railroad.” He is the son of a poor widow woman, and the lecture, which is said to have been very creditable was delivered for the purpose of raising means to purchase acork leg and to enable him to pursue his etudies, The audience was large and composed mainly of ladies. Saasta County ror Dicxixson.—The Shasta County Convention has instructed its delegates to the State Convention to vote for Daniel 8. Dickinson for the nomination for President, as long as their votes will do him any good. On an informal ballet for first chioce for President, the vote stood : for Dickiuson, 57 ; Breckioridge 9; Douglas, 8. Horse Exrress ro Ca.irornia.— By 0 late overland mail we bhavearumorto the effect that the Government is about establishing a horse express from St, Joseph, Mo., to Placerville, to sounect with the telegraph to San Francisco. This express is expected to make the trip in tet days. Coxvicrioxs BY THE WuoLxsaLe.—In the Unlaveras District Court, on the 10th inst., six Chinamen were convicted of murder in the first degree They were indicted for murdering one of their countrymen, at Campo Seco, last summer, and all tried together, Distinguisukp Derartursx.—Among the distinguished departures trom the State, we notice the name of Mr. SB. Collins, of rope-tying notoriety. He left for the east oa the mail steamer Champion, which sailed for Panama on the 20th. Sirvek Ore 1x TuoLtumne.—The editor of the Sonora Age bas examined some rich specimens of silver ore taken froma newly discovered vein on the Stanislaus river, ia Tuwolmne county. The veia ie said to be forty feet ia width, Mixt Sratistics.-During the week ending Saturday, Feb, 18th, 6,768 ounces of gold bullion were deposited in the Braooh Mint; 3,524 ounces of silver purchased ; and $240,000 io gold coined, Burnxep To Deata.—A little boy of three years, son of William Keunerson, of San Francisco, was burned to death on Monday, Feb. 20th, by his clothes catching fire at the stove. The child lived a few honrs in great agony. Goop ror San Francrsco.—A dispatch from San Francisco, esaye that about five hundred dollars was collected at the Post Office in that city on the 22d for the Washimgton National Monument, ' Great Racs.—A_ race is to be run over the Yelo course in April next, between Mr. Coombs’ celebrated horse Ashland, and Col. Lathrop’s horse Langford. The distance is four miles and repeat, and the stakes are $5,000 a side. Homicipg.—At Virginia City, Washoe Territory, on the 19th inst.,a Spaniard was killed by an American named Leonard. After the homicide, the Spaniards got after Leonard with their pieks and severely wounded him. Fata. Minne Acowwent.—James Phillips and Daniel Campbell were killed, last Wedneceday, at Sucker Flat, in Yuba connty, by the caving of bank, while drifting in a miniog claim. Texas.—The total population of Texas, ace cording to the returns of the Assessors for 1859, is 453,948, InpDIAN OvTRAGES.— A correspondent of the Humboldt Times says that the Indians have taken possession of the Bald Hill country in Humboldt county. He says the same bands of Indians sent to the Reservation after the Kibbe campaign, are now murdering citizens, killing stock and ) ening homes, and if some effectual remedy is not forth. with applied, the frontier settlements of the county will soon be depopulated. ota Se Fearme Parnes Wash. ington Territori Legis ture have passed a joint resolution, providing for, and appointing delegates to, a joint convention of delegates from that Ter. ritory and Oregon, to be held at Vancouver, on the 20th of May next, to take action to facilitate the construction of a Northern Pacific Railroad. Destroyine Crors.—The Napa says that complaint is made by the farmers of that county of the edations made by the crows and blackbirds on the newly sown grain. These and a species of lark have py Sor in the valley, or so destructive to the crops, since the Spring of 1852. Setriep.— It is rted that the ok, in which a challenge passed between W. D. Fair and Francis Ganahl, of Siskiyou, bas been amicably settled by referees. THE NEVADA DE . nn ce EIIIEREIInEEIEEIIEEE nae ee i SaEEei ee ee en ee ae Nene ee SHAsta Burre.— Lieut, Williamson estimates the hight of Shasta Butte at 18,000 feet above the sea. In relation to the position of this peak and the surrounding mountains, he says ; a ale This Butte is not the largest ak of the long range mh vie tw seri interior of the country the fertile valleys of the Pacific Slope, but it is also a t eenter, from which di the numerous chains that render northern C: igo 4 one mass aA bee oy a approaching it by the Oregon ‘ from north sad te south Me is, _ 1 — ye" high ridges, a ual increase elevation 0 ap country, for about miles. The region near the base itself thus a s an altitude of about 4,000 feet above the sea; and it is an gy sm fact, that most of the northern mines are fo upon this vast pedestal of w+, giant Butte. Great confusion exists in the nomenclature of the mountain ranges in the vicinity. The name, Cascade mountains, ceases at Klamath river, but the in reality divides. One branch, called the Siskiyou mountains, bends westward nearly to the coast; the other, under the name of the Western Chain of the Sierra Nevada, winds to the southeast, and unites with the main Sierra Nevada. From the Butte, three steep and thickly wooded ridges, called Little Scott’s mountains, and Trinity mountains, extend to the westward. ‘The two latter are branches of the Coast Range of California, Shasta Butte, although generally considered a peak of the Western Chain of the Sierra Nevada, is, in truth, the great center, from which radiate, besides several smaller ridges, the Cascade Range, the pe Range, and the Western Chain of the Sierra Nevada. Datu oF A Very OLp Caitrornian.—The Los Angeles correspondent of the Bulletin, ina recent letter, says: The venerable Antonio Maria Lugo, of whom ve you a brief sketch some three years since, died last week, well on to a hundred ears of age. He is said to be 81 years old, but if Lenses not he told me three years ago, when he seemed to have the full use of his memory, that he was considerably older than that. He came to California a soldier under the King of Spain, and settled on his ranch, about eight miles south of Los Angeles, in 1813, where he lived (nearly half a century) till his death. His descendants include the children of the late Col. Isaac Williams, of Dr. 8, C. Foster, of his sons, (the Lugos,) and I know not how many other families in this country, of the first respectability, even to the third and fourth generation, The landmarks of California’s early history are fast disappearing. The old Padres are al! gone; the old missions are crumbling to ruins, and one after another, the old poblanos, remainders of a former age, drop into “time's yeasty waves”—the lot of us all—to be wafted, as we hope, by the great irresistible “undertow” ot all sentient being, to the far, far lethean shore. INDIAN Retics.—Dr. Day, of Springfield, recently found several singular relics of an anvient people, who inhabited this portion of the world at some remote period. Among the articles found by the Doctor, are two kinds of dishes, rudely shaped like a scollop shell, made of a species of asbestos, about eight Sashes wide, and of oval form, There is also a mortar, formed out of a large pebble of gegen unlike wy thing in this county. While writing on ‘he subject of antiquities, we are informed, by a gentleman lately returned from that portion of the State, that about fifty miles from the forks of Walker’s river, he saw several ruins of ancient masonry, among the rest a bridge, the arch of which, though considerably covered by earth, was found to be nearly one hundred feet span. We do not vouch for the truth of the statement, but, as in all probability, quite a number of pees will travel in chat direction this spring, we shall feel obliged to any one who will furnish us with some proof of the oxistence of said bridge.—Columbia Times. FKOVAKLS YIELD OF THR WASHOR MInEs.— The Alta California states that a scientifie German miner has been to the Washoe silver mines and made estimate that the probable production of the veins already opened will not be less than $10,000,000 during the present year. This promise may prove falacious, and only the grossest folly could blindly believe, after the bitter disappointments of previous years. But still, we know that Washoe—which has now by common usage become the comprehensive name for all the argentiferous region of Western Utah—has large veins of silver ore, richer than any other silver ore in the world—richer in silver and richer in gold. The ore pays $5,000 of silver to the ton, and the silver contains $6,000 of gold to the ton. During the month of January last, 58,000 ounces, or two and five twelfths tons—at 24,000 troy ounces to aton—of Washoe silver were deposited at the Mint, and these two tons contained $12,213 of gold. AFrecTiInG Scune.—A scene of sorrow was witnessed on the Levee Wednesday morning, that affected in an unwonted manner all who were present. Officer Saulsberry, of San Francisco, brought up on the steamer, the night previous, an insane woman to be placed in the Asylum, Her little son, aged eight years, was with her, and when it was . made known he could not accompany his mother to the Asylum, but that he must he separated from her, his tears and expressions of grief were such as to fill with sorrow those who heard him. The boy was kindly taken in charge by Mr. Henry until the steamer returned to San Francisco, where a French family, country-people of the insane woman, had engaged to take care of him.—Stockton Democrat, One Gortn AND AnoTHER Compru.—The first eneration of houses in San Francisco, says the dulletin, were constructed of oloth and paper. The second generation was of wood, to which fires, wind, wet-rot, and city ordinances have set a limit. The . third was of brick—and the first ormpten of the decay of this generation may be observed on the west side of Montgomery strect, just out of Commercial. There, in this town of cleven years growth, a brick building has grown too old to cumber the round longer, and is being removed to make way or a smarter successor. Truly, we are a fast people, Farmina 1x Sonoma County.—Every indication, says the Petaluma Argus, goes to establish the conclusion that the number of acres put in . grain this season, in this county, will far exceed that of any former year. Should the season prove . favorable to the maturing of crops, the amount of . roduce that Sonoma county will furnish the maret, will fully sustain the character of her soil in point of fertility, as well as the industry and enterprise of her people. SLAVERS IN THR Paciric.—The Honolulu Advertiser learns that an American schooner had kidnapped or enticed a number of natives from one of the South Sea Islands, and had brought them to . Koloa, where they were put to service on a plane tation, while the vessel had prepared to sail for a . similar cargo. The editor of the Advertiser thinks . it a system of piracy, and the commencement of a . a slave trade in the Pacific. SNATCHED FROM THE Gravg.—Not very long since, a child died, as was supposed, in Washington county, Oregon. The body presented every appearance of death; breathing stopped, discoloration ensued, which being mistaken for mortification, somewhat hurried preparations were made for burial. A few hours before it was appointed to take place, respiration commenced, and the child was found to be alive. It recovered, and is now entirely well, PetRirigp YELLOw-JAcKEt.—A gentleman of . this place, says the San Andreas Independent, . picked up from a bucket, as it ascended from the shaft in the Marlette claim, the other day, a petrified . yellow-jacket, perfect in form, even to the entire preservation of its wings. It was dug out of the earth at least a hundred feet from the surface, and between the two rims or banks of the “Old River Channel.” Tue PBR CENT PRINCIPLE.—A writer in the San Francisco ‘Telegram says that bankruptcy stares California boldly in the Soe; and that our merchants to-day cannot pay ten per cent. of their indebtedness. The most of them are being rapidly swallowed up by the two-and-a-half-per-cent.-permonth principle. YacutinaThree beautiful yachts are now being built by nautical amateurs in Francisco, preparatory to the races of summer. One is ayowedly intended to beat the “ride of the Bay.” . used as fuel to heat the retorts, ‘ NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 29, 1860. Origin of Disunion Movements, In the second volume of Benton’s ‘Thirty yeate in the United States Senate,” is the felowing passage : The observing reader, who have looked over the two volumes of this , in poting the progress of the slavery agitation, and its successive alle causes of disanion, must have been sti with cele ith these causes, each in its turn, as seon removed, has been succeeded by another, of a different kind, until at last they terminate in a cause which ignores them all, and finda new reason for disunion ia the constitution itself in that constitation the protection ef which had been invoked as sufficient, during the whole period of the alleged “aggressions and encroachments,’’ n 1835, when the first agitation manifest and eall for a Southern convention and invocation to unity and concert of action, came forth ia the Charleston Mereury, entitled ‘the Crisis,’’ the cause of disunion was then in the abolition Societies established in some of the free States, and which these States’ were required to euppress. Then came the abolition gpisre se presented in Congress ; then the mail transmission of incendiary publications ; then the abolition of slavery in the Distriet of Columbia ; then the exclusion of slavery from Oregon; then the Wilmot Proviso ; then the admission of California with a free constitution. Each of these, in its day, was a cause of disunion, to be effected through the instrumentality of a Southern cenvention, forming a sub-confederacy in flagrant violation of the constitution, and effecting the disunion by establishing a commercial non-intercourse with the free States. After twent years agitation upon these points they are all given up. The Constitution aud the Union were found to be a ‘mistake’? from the beginoing—an error in their origin, and an impoesibility in their future existence, and to be amended into another impossibility, or broken up at once, The regular inauguration of this slavery agitation dates from the year 1835; but it had commenced two years before, and ia this way ; nullification and disunion had commenced in 1830 upon complaint against a protective tariff, That being put down in 1838 under President Jackson’s proc!amation aud cnergetic measures was immediately substituted by the slavery agitation. Mr. Calhoun, when he went home from Congress iu the spring of that year, told his friends, that the South could never be united against the North on the tariff question—that the sugar interest of Louisana woald keep her out—and thatthe basis of Southern Union must be shifted to the slave question, Then all the papers in his interest, and especially the one at Washington, published by Mr, Duff Green, dropped tariff agitation, and cOmmeneed upon slavery ; aud in two years bad the agitation ripe for inauguration on the slavery question, And, in tracing this agitation to its present stage, and to comprehend its rationals, it is not to be forgotten that itis a mere continuation of old tariff discussion, and preferred becavse more available. In June, 1833, at the first transfer of South» ern agitation from tariff to slavery, Mr, Madison wrote to Mr, Olay: “It is painful to see tho unceasing efforts to alarm the South by imputations againat the North of unconstitutional designs onthe subjeet of slavery. You are right; Ihave no doubt in believing that no such intermeddling disposition exists in the body of our Northern brethren, Their good faith is snficiently guarauteed by the interest they have as merchants, as ship owners, and as manufacturers, in preserving @ union with the slave-holding States. On the otber hand, what madness in the South to look for greater safety in disunion. It would be worse than jumping into the fire for fear of the frying-pan. The danger from the alarms is, that pride and resentment excited by them may be an overmatch for the dictates of prudence ; and favor the project of a Southern convention, insidueusly revived, aa promising by its counsels the best security against grievances of every kind from the North.”’ Manufacture of Coal Oil, Works for extracting oil from coal are bolng erected in all parts of the country where coal abounds, aud the demand for the oil keeps pace with the steadily increasing supply, The following account of the manner in which the oil is extracted from the coal is from the McKvesport (Pa.) Standard; , We recently visited the large works, four in number, of some 30 retorts each, situated near Canfield, Obio, and those at Darlington, Pa., aud propose to give some aceount of the processes of its manufacture, The coal is put inte cast iron retorts, holding from 6te10 owt., which are built into a brick furnace, 60 constructed that a strong fire can play around them, The retorts being charged, their mouths closed and properly luted, the fire is gradually raised until they assume a white heat; this intense heat having in the meantime driven the eil out of the coal, in the shape of a dense, white gas. After the lapse of 12 hours, in large retorts, or 6 hours in smaller ones, the doors are opened and the charge withdrawn, The coal has now been converted into coke, which is Behind the retorts and running the entire length of the furnaces, i3 a large pipe, that, as it passes the retorta, receives a smaller pipe fromeach. These pipes convey the oil, in the shape of gas when . it leaves the retorts, but gradually cooling and condensing on its passage, it arrives at a large vessel, called the receiver, fully converted into oil, The oil is now the color of dark brandy, and yet contains many impurities, such as pitch, asphaltum, creasote, parafiue naptha, &c., from which it is freed by distillation and chemical processes, The distillation, which is carried on in large cast iron stills, haviog a worm immersed in cold water, after the manner of the come mou distilling aparatus, frees the oil from the aspbalt, vbarapbine and naptha, the two former being heavier, aod the latter lighter than the oil. It is then deoderized, and subjected to repeated waehings in water holding costic soda in solution, and afterwards treated with dilute sulphuric acid. After these processes it comes out the beautiful transparent fluid we now have it; probably the best and ebeapest illuminator the world is yet in possession of, The business thus far, has proved highly remunerative, yielding a larger return for the investment than any other business we know of. One ton of coal produces 40 gallons of crude, or 30 of refined oil. As the coal only costs $1,50 per ton, and the oil is readily sold for a dollar a gallon, itcan at once be seen how . profitable it is. The Darlington eannel coal is a¢ yet suppor ed to be the best from whieh to make the oil, but oil is now largely made from other cannel coals, as well as bituminouscoal. The large works at Freeprrt. Pa., use the latter, and make great quantities of excellent oil. Should the bituminous coal preve as good, for the making of oil as the cannel coal, a new field of enterprise will be opened fer those regions like our rapa so abundantly supplied with that quality of coal. Accorpixa to latest advices from England, an address to Lord Palmerston, praying the Goveroment to use its influence in maintaining the integrity and independence of the Pope’s dominions, was in course of sigoature by the Catholics of Ireland. ANOTHER DELUGE PREDICTED, . We have bad occasion, says Galignani’s Messenger, to peruse a remarkable’ werk just pablished, entitled “Courants et Revolutions de V'Atmosphirr et de la Mer,” by Lieu a theory of currents and winds, by plains the recurrence of storms and other metephenomena; but what has chiefly attracted our attention inevitable ical retura similar to that known under Universal Deluge, a au treats with singular } ty, and of which we gi hyd er anes to Toke Radbrsige ap tai oe @ author s ma, uy — C) which are generally known, vig: 1. : isothermal lines (lines where the same degree of warmth is observed on our globe) of the Bigbosk temperature are pet he distributed ie ween Northern aoe 9 peo edagenen the space ocoupy mer about the Gable of tber which they occupy south’ of the os wares 80 that the Southern hem e is considerably colder, especially towards the pole, than the Northern one, 2, That the accumulation of ice at the Antarctic pole is mueh more considerable than at the Northern, 3. That the earth performs the shortest portion of ite revolution, viz., that nearest to the perihelion, much more rapidly than the other, and at that period of the year which comprises the autumn and winter of the Northern hemisphere. Hence it follows that the winter of the latter is shorter (by about eight days) than that of the Southera hemisphere; and it is during this long winter, when the earth is furthest from the sun, that . the solar rays must lose in strength what they gain in duration, To this cause of diminution of temperature must be added the loss of calorio by radiation, and it will then be easy to perceive the reason of the difference of tempera. ture between the two pAora:tgise Observation moreover, has shown that the quantity of oaloric lost at the South pole in the course of a year is equal to the surplus absorbed at the North pole. Now let us, with the author, mentally represent to ourselves the earth at the moment of its creation, when its whole surface was covered with water, and its center of gravity coincided with its geometrical center, From that moment ite revolution around the sun commen» ced, and all those causes which have led to the inequality of temperature between the two hemispheres began to operate, In the eourse of afew centuries the iee at the South pole became, in consequence, heavier than that ac. cumulated at the North pole, and the center of gravity was displaced southwards; mathemati. cians, in fact, state the distance between the latter and the geometrieal center to be about 1700 metres, Under these circumstances, what could the liquid surface of the globe do but flow southward, leaving all the continent wo aro 80 familiar with ancovered? Here M. Julien observes that all the regions of the Southern hemisphere bear unmistakeable morke of sabmersion; that America, Africa and India end in points, all turned towarde the South pole ; that the islands of the Southern regions have the appearance of the summits of mountain ranges, and that Lieut. Maury’s soundings show that the coasts on that side all descend abruptly iuto the aea, He further states the curious fact that in going from the North to the South pole at every parallel the ratio of the extent of land to that of the sea diminishes regularly and progreesivély, Let us now take into the consideration the phenomenon called the Procession of the Equinoxes, in virtue of whioh the firet point of Aries reoedes upon the ecliptic by about fifty seconds jin ayear, This gradually causes @ complete change in the seasons; and counting from any given time, there must elapse at least 21,000 . before the seasons can return at precisely the same periods of the year. It has been ascertained that up to the yoar 1248 of the Ubristian era, a year in which on the first day of winter preoisely coincided with the earth’s passage through its peribelion, the temperature of the Southern hemisphere had been in constant course of diminution, Itis moreover clear that after the lapse of 10,500 years the seasons of our globe must be exactly reversed. Henee, about 10,500 years before 1248, or 11,000 years before our present time, it was the North pole, and not its opposite one, which was in its maximum of refrigeration; our present eontinents were then submerged, according to the Mosaic tradition of the Deluge, and there were contipenta unknown to usin the Southern hemisphere. And again, by the same astronomical and natural laws,10500 years after the last cataclysm, a new one will oceur, which will again submerge the Northern hemiapberé, and allow a new world to emerge from the ocean in the Southern one, Soch is the theory of M. Julien—a theory we may add, which isin perfect accordance with facts within the sphere of our actual knowledge. The Real Legislators. “Occasional,” the well-kuown Washington correspondent of the Philadelphia Press, draws out from obseurity two or three of that large clase of men of labor and talent, who, in subordinate places, make reputations for pa@liticians, and keep the machinery of goverftMments ia easy motion, He says: The braine of the Committee of Ways and . Means are supplied by Mr, Cochran, a clerk, . (@ modest, unassuming man, who bas served in . that capacity for 4 number of years,) who devotes himeelf at all times to the preparation of bills and to the collection of data and informa. tion from the various departments of the Go. vernment, Those who know him speak of him as @ inest extraordinary intellestual machine. . tie knowledge of figures is 80 accurate, his . integrity so unquestionable, that his ealculations are accepted and adopted at onee. He may be said, indeed, to be counsellor, adviser and director in reference to the most important appropriations, No scheme, however carefully . concealed, cam pass unchallenged by this sentine] at the door of the national treasury. J understand that be has already prepared all the bills for the action of Congress, aod when . the Speaker is elected and the Committee of . Ways aad Means appointed, they will be im. mediately presented tothe House. And yet . who ever heard of Mr, Cochran, except those who care to inquire into the secrets of the . business in this great political center? . Another of these unknown public servants \is Mr, Joho M. Barolay, of Indiana, journal \clerk of the House of Representatives. Mr. . Barclay is as thoroughly versed in the parlismentary secrets and details as Cochran is in the expenditures and revenues of the Government. As you enter the House, when it is fully organ, ized, you will see standing on the right of the Speaker, a young gentleman, named Thaddeus Maurice, who may be called the pter of the presiding officer. He no his service as a page, and I thiok it was Mr. Cobb who first took eavantoge of bis skill and talent, and from that day he has been consulted by all the Speakers. When a new Congress assembles it is curieus to observe how rapidly he becomes acquainted with the names and a nee of the members; and those who applaud the ol er for hie readiness and bot know that the quiet, unpretending young man by his side aa y puts the we jute the Speaker’s xouth,

_ VOL. VII,.NO. 22. NEVADA DEMOCRAT, PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY MORNING, BY I. J. ROLFE & C0. ¥. H. ROLFE, I. J. ROLFR, A. P. CHURCH. OFFICE—CORNER BROAD AND PINE STREETS. TERMS: ‘or one year, in advance, $6 00 months, 300 Three 200 Mingle Copies, 25 cts. CHAS. W. YOUNG, CALIFORNIA JEWELRY, WATCHMAKER, —AND— DWSALER IN FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY, DI4MOND WORK, @e. ‘s New Brick, Commereia] Street, Nevada. GEORGE H. LORING, MANUFACTURING JEWELER, Next door below C. W. Young's, Main Street. N. B.—All work pertaining to the Jewelry business ‘meatly performed. Nevada, Jan. 8th 1858.—16-tf F. MANSELL, Sign and Ornamental Painter, All work promptly attended to, and in the best atyle of ‘the art. * amma street, above Pine, Nevada. 46-tf STANTON BUCKNER, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. Ofice—Kelsey’s Brick Building, Commercial] street. ‘At the office lately occupied by Messrs. Buckner & Hill. Nevada, Dec. 1858. 10-t£ C. WILSON HILL, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. nd story of Abbott’s Brick Building, Com mercial Street, Nevada. Nevada, Dec. 6th 1858. 10-tf i JOHN GARBER. NNELL & GARBER, ATTORNEYS & COUNSELORS AT LAW, Will practice in all the Courts of the 14th Judicial Distriet, and in the Supreme Court. OfMfiee, Kidd’s Brick Bullding, Broad Street, Nevada, Nov. 16, 1889. Sed elas 7-4f THOMAS P. HAWLEY, Attorney & Counsellor at Law, AND NOTARY PUBLIC. Ovricee—Up Stairs, in Kidd & Knox's Brick Building, Cerner of Pine and Broad Streets, Nevada. Nevada July 25,1859 43-tf DAVID BELDEN, ATTORNEY AT LAW. Partieular attention given to procuring United States Land Warrants for persons entitled to the same by Military Service. Ornoa—At the Court House, Nevada, Ce DR. R. M. HUNT, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, Broad Street, 45-tf 4. 8. M’ CONNELL McCO Orrice—At Wickes & Co's. Drug Store, Neovade. am. J. KNOX, ©. T, OVBRTON KNOX & OVERTON, PHYSICIANS & SURGEONS, Ovpner—North side of Commorcial Street, a few doorn above Main strect. Nevada Jan. 12th 1858.—14-tf Gio.. WwW KIDD, Banker. Inthe Granite Building BROAD STREET, NEVADA. AVING OPENED A BANKING HOUSE IN NEVADA, in building erected express!y for that purpose, would inform his friends and the public that he is ;repared to receive deposits, General and Special, and transact a gen eral Banking Business. we GOLD DUST -¢8 PURCHASED AT THE HIGHEST MARKET RATES, And liberal advances made on Dust forwarded for Assay or for Coinage at the U. 8. Mint. Sight Checks on San Francisco and Saramento at PAR. DRAFTS on the Eastern Cities at the Lowest Rates. Collections made, and State and Connty Securities purghased at the highest Market Value. Nevada Feb. l4th 1860.—20-tf es 4. @, MIRDSEYE, Cc. N. FELTON. BIRDSEYE & CO., BANEERNS, No. 30 MAIN STREET, NEVADA. PURCHASE GOLD DUST AND BULLION AT THE HIGHEST MARKET RATES. Advances made on GOLD DUST for Assay or Coinege atthe U.S. Branch Mint, CHECKS AT PAR, on San Francisco, Sacramento, and Marysville. our SIGHT EXCHANGE on METROPOLITAN BANK, New York, For Sale in sums to suit. Parehase State and County Securities at the Highest Rates. Ba Deposits received, Collections made, and transact @ genera! Banking Business. evads, April lst, 1859. NEVADA ASSAY OFFICE, —BY— JAMES J. OTT, [Successor of F. Schotte.] HO. 30 MAIN STREET, NEVADA. 2a, en mw «<& 2S FS SECS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, Melted, Refined and Assayed at San Francisco Rates, and Returns made in Bars or Coin, within a few hours. My assays are Guaranteed. Bars discounted at the Lowest Market Price. mae Leaded Gold and Black Sand lots bought at the highest prices, JAS. T. OTT. mas, W. MULFORD, 4. H. HAGADORE. C. W. MULFORD & CO., BANE ERS, At his Old Stand, Main Street, Nevada. GOLD DUST BOUGHT at the Highest Market Rates. SIGHT CHECKS on Sacramento and San Franaiseo AT PAR. DUST forwarded to the U.S. Branch Mint, for Assay r Coinage, and advances made on the same if required. Wevada, Oct. Stb, 1859. J. M. HAMILTON & CO., General Dealers in Mardware, Iron, Steel, Glass, Paints Oils, Anvils, Glass, Paints, Linseed, Lard, Sperm and Polar Oils, Leatherand Rubber Belting, Powder, Fuse, Cordage, Tackle Blocks, Duck, Rubber Hose, Hydraulic Pipes, Quicksilver, Lead Pipe, Plows, Straw Cutters, ete., ete. At their old Stand, 27 Main street. 3.%, HAMILTON, B. L. COTE. POWDER! Powder!! POWDER!!! A A0 KEGS of Blasting Powder now on haadand for Sale, Cheap for Cash, in quantities to suit. These wishing to purchase will do well to give usa call. J. M. HAMILTON & CO. -u 27 Main street, Nevada. G. E. WITHINGTON, DEALER IN French and American Paper Hangings, INDOW SHADES, Brass Cornice, Geld Mouldings Paints, &c. Painting ofall kinds, and paper hang+ @xecuted in the best style, at short notice. tf No. 7 Broad Street, Nevada. * . 4 © USP t, Nevada. H'SHEST MARKET PRICE PAID FOR COUNTY ORDEBRS—in Wood, Grub or Cash, by J. M. HIXSON, Ne. 77 Broad Street, Nevads. ‘ ts * _ . ’ . = +. a i Ae ee ee ee “ +-. ,. * # . s . pn rt ; PE yc re . ok tt i . > = NATIONAL EXCHANGE, NO, 32. & 34, BROAD STREET, NEVADA. GEORGE R. LANCASTER, Proprietor. THE UNDERSIGNED WOULD RESPECTFULLY announce to the Citizens of Nevada and vicinity, and the Traveling Puplic, that he has leased the well-known and known ATIONAL EXCHANGE, oa street, "Ths Building is of Brick, three stories high, and THOROUGHLY FIRE-PROOF, (Having stood two Fires.) The several a: ts have recently been fitted up in & Style that cannot be surpassed. The Beds and Furniture are New, And for Comfort cannot be excelled. THB TABLE will at all times be supplied with all the VARIETIES the Market affords. pe GAME SuUPrrYTaitins, GOT UP TO ORDER. Particular attention will be paid to the accommodation of LADIES AND FAMILIES THE STAGES, runzing tn all atrections from take their departures -, Nevada, have their Offices at, an from, the NATIONAL EXCHANGE. 727 0OPEN ALL NIGHT. “@R THE BAR, under the charge of an experienced Bar-keeper, will be constantly supplied with the Choicest Wines, Liquors, and Cigars. Having had long experience at the business, Iam confident of being able to make the NATIONAL the best Hotel in the Mountains, and a comfortable Home for Travelers. CHARGES WILL BE MODERATE, TO SUIT THE TIMES. BIRR A LIVERY STABLE IS CONNECTED WITH THE HOUSE, AND particular attention will be given to the care of Horses, Carriages, &c. Horses and Carriages can at all times be procured, by application at the Bar. GEO. R. LANCASTER, Proprietor. UNITED STATES HOTEL. ‘BROAD &T., A FEW DOORS BELOW PINE, NEVADA, > THE UNDERSIGNED HAVE REfitted and completely renovated the buildiug formerly known as the “Democrat Building,’’ for the purpose of carrying on the Hotel Business. They are now prepared to accommodate Travelers in as good style as any other HOTEL IN THE MOUNTAINS, THE ROOMS are well ventilated, and are furnished with the best of beds and bedding. THE TABLE will be bountifully supplied with all the varieties found in the Market. Meals, Fifty Cents, Lodgings, per night, 50and 75 ets. GRUSH & PARKER, Proprietors. TEETH! TEETH!! TEETH!!! Se After forty years practice in all parts of the werld, DOocrTroR LEVASON By the advice of bis friends, intends residing permanently in NEVADA. He has by him a large assortment of Artificial Teeth of French, German, English & American make, besides some of the mest beautiful, manufactured by himrelf, composed principally of #®@ CALIFORNIA QUARTZ!! “ea Those requiring the DENTIST, will find the benefit of visiting the DOCTOR, he being a therough mechanie, they will have the advantage of watching their cases during the construction, and the years ef experience in allaying the pain of Toothache by Galvaniem, or if necessary, extraction with facility, with all operations of SCALING, CLEANING, .sAUGGING . & STOPPING, Willat once prove the advantage the Ladies and Gentlemen of this and adjoming counties will derive by visit DR. LEVASON, At his office, up stairs, over Block & Co's store, Corner Pine and Commercial sts. Nevada Cal. ing February let 1860,—18-3in DENTISTRY. DR. A. CHAPMAN, DENTIST{CALIS . particular attention to his Tooth Anodyne, . which, when applied, will stop the tooth-ache in five minutes, and effectually destroy the nerve, leaving it in fit condition to be filled without causing pain, where it would otherwise have to be extracted. . All Dental operations performed in a neat avd substan: . tial manner, and satisfaction guaranteed in all cases, { Orrercs—In Kidd & Knox's Brick Building, corner of . Broad and Pine srreets, Nevada, where he intends to re. main permanently. January, 1860.—tf PIDNITEDE CTD TD ¢ FURNITURE STORE? H. H. SHAFER & CO., We ee RESPECTFULLY ANNOUNCE TO THE CITIZENS of Nevada and vicinity, that they have opened a Furniture Store, on a Broad St., Opposite National Exchange. And keep constantly on hand and for sale an extensive assortment of Chairs, Tables, Sofas, Bureaus, Bedsteads, Bedding, &e., Hair, Pulu, Moss, aud Spring Mattrasses, on band, and Manufactured to order. Pillows and Bolsters. Pulu, Hair, Woel, Moss and Straw Pillows ! Feathers, . and Bolaters, Blankets. Light and Heavy Red, Blue, Green, Gray and White, Mackinack and common Blankets, various styles, Family White and Crib Blankets. ; M@ Particular attention will ve given to the manufacture of Spring Mattrasses, J. W. SINGER wil] attend to the business of the House, and being connected with one of the largest Fur niture Houses in San Francisco, is prepared to sell at greatly Reduced Rates, and would respectfully invite those in want of articles in his line to call aud examine for themselres. NEW ESTABLISHMENT! Branch of the Sacramento NEW CORNER CIGAR STORE. M. GREENHOOD, ON BROAD &8T., SECOND DOOR ABOVE POST OFFICE, REVADA CITY, JOULD RESPECTFULLY INFORM THE PUBLIC THAT he bas opened a Cigar and Fruit Store, And solicits a share of patronage. He has a large Stock of choice artieles in his line, and wil! sell at Wholesale and Retail, At the Lowest Prices for Cash. 8% Country Dealers supplied at Sacramento Prices. “qm M. GREENHOOD. Nevada, January, 1860. Co-Partnership Notice. HE UNDERSIGNED, FAVING PURCHASED the BIRDSEYE & PALMER SAW MILL, and M. L. MARSH having purchased an interest in the Sash Factery of Palmer & Perry, have this day formed a Co-partnership under the name of MARSH, PALMER & PERRY, for the purpose of manufacturingg all kinds of LUMBER, SASH, BLINDS, DOORS, &. All orders left at the Mill, or at the Sash Factory, on . Cayote street, will be promptly attended to. M. L. MARSH, L, 0. PALMER, 8. RK. PERRY. Nevada, May Ist, 1859.—tf “COAL OIL LAMPS! DEIT’Z PATENT. GREAT VARIETY OF THE MOST eiegant patterns, suitable for Dwellings, Churches, Stores, and Public Buildings, at PRICES which will bring them within the reach of all. Upon a trial of these Lamps it will be found that they afford by far the most economical Light ever used. By the turning of a single screw, a strong or subdued light may be produced—heving all the convenience of GASS, at about one-tenth the expense. Also, the Patent Crystal Lluminating Coal Oil, Prepared by the most approved Chemical Process, This Oil has never been known to fail in uniformity of quality and for its brillianey of Light, when used in these NEW LAMPS, It may with truth be regarded as the Great Illuminater of the Age! For Sale by J.M. HAMILTON & CO., Sole Agents for this City, 3-tf Ne. 47 Mian Street, Nevada. NEVADA DEMOCRAT. RervusiicaN Convention.—The Republican State Convention, called toelect delegates to the Chicago Convention, assembled at Sacramento last Weduesday. It is enid to have been the largest Convention of that party ever held in the State—delegates from nearly all the counties in the State being in attendance. The following gentlemen were elected to represent this State at Chicago: F.P. Tracy, Leland Stanford, 'B. W. Cheesman, A. A. Sargent, D. J. Staples, Sam. Bell, R. Mattheson, and Oharles Watrous. Frem the speeches and proceedings of the Convention it would appear that Seward was the choice of a large majority of the delegates; but they did not deem it advisable to instruct their delegates to Chicago te vote for him—lea'ving them free to act according to the best of their judgment. Quick Corresronprner.—The Alta says that a gentleman who went to the Atlantic States on the Golden Gate and Baltic—leaving San Franciseo on the 6thof January, when the quick passage of 18 days and 20 hours was made—wrote back by the overland mail the news of his arrival, which letter reached San Franeiseo on the fortieth day after the departure hence of the writer. This is the quickest return of correspondeace ever made between San Francisco and New York. A Yovuxe Lecrorur.—Master Gilmore, a promising youth of fourteen years, who lately had one of bis legs amputated, delivered a lecture afew nights ago,in San Francisco, on “California and the Pacific Railroad.” He is the son of a poor widow woman, and the lecture, which is said to have been very creditable was delivered for the purpose of raising means to purchase acork leg and to enable him to pursue his etudies, The audience was large and composed mainly of ladies. Saasta County ror Dicxixson.—The Shasta County Convention has instructed its delegates to the State Convention to vote for Daniel 8. Dickinson for the nomination for President, as long as their votes will do him any good. On an informal ballet for first chioce for President, the vote stood : for Dickiuson, 57 ; Breckioridge 9; Douglas, 8. Horse Exrress ro Ca.irornia.— By 0 late overland mail we bhavearumorto the effect that the Government is about establishing a horse express from St, Joseph, Mo., to Placerville, to sounect with the telegraph to San Francisco. This express is expected to make the trip in tet days. Coxvicrioxs BY THE WuoLxsaLe.—In the Unlaveras District Court, on the 10th inst., six Chinamen were convicted of murder in the first degree They were indicted for murdering one of their countrymen, at Campo Seco, last summer, and all tried together, Distinguisukp Derartursx.—Among the distinguished departures trom the State, we notice the name of Mr. SB. Collins, of rope-tying notoriety. He left for the east oa the mail steamer Champion, which sailed for Panama on the 20th. Sirvek Ore 1x TuoLtumne.—The editor of the Sonora Age bas examined some rich specimens of silver ore taken froma newly discovered vein on the Stanislaus river, ia Tuwolmne county. The veia ie said to be forty feet ia width, Mixt Sratistics.-During the week ending Saturday, Feb, 18th, 6,768 ounces of gold bullion were deposited in the Braooh Mint; 3,524 ounces of silver purchased ; and $240,000 io gold coined, Burnxep To Deata.—A little boy of three years, son of William Keunerson, of San Francisco, was burned to death on Monday, Feb. 20th, by his clothes catching fire at the stove. The child lived a few honrs in great agony. Goop ror San Francrsco.—A dispatch from San Francisco, esaye that about five hundred dollars was collected at the Post Office in that city on the 22d for the Washimgton National Monument, ' Great Racs.—A_ race is to be run over the Yelo course in April next, between Mr. Coombs’ celebrated horse Ashland, and Col. Lathrop’s horse Langford. The distance is four miles and repeat, and the stakes are $5,000 a side. Homicipg.—At Virginia City, Washoe Territory, on the 19th inst.,a Spaniard was killed by an American named Leonard. After the homicide, the Spaniards got after Leonard with their pieks and severely wounded him. Fata. Minne Acowwent.—James Phillips and Daniel Campbell were killed, last Wedneceday, at Sucker Flat, in Yuba connty, by the caving of bank, while drifting in a miniog claim. Texas.—The total population of Texas, ace cording to the returns of the Assessors for 1859, is 453,948, InpDIAN OvTRAGES.— A correspondent of the Humboldt Times says that the Indians have taken possession of the Bald Hill country in Humboldt county. He says the same bands of Indians sent to the Reservation after the Kibbe campaign, are now murdering citizens, killing stock and ) ening homes, and if some effectual remedy is not forth. with applied, the frontier settlements of the county will soon be depopulated. ota Se Fearme Parnes Wash. ington Territori Legis ture have passed a joint resolution, providing for, and appointing delegates to, a joint convention of delegates from that Ter. ritory and Oregon, to be held at Vancouver, on the 20th of May next, to take action to facilitate the construction of a Northern Pacific Railroad. Destroyine Crors.—The Napa says that complaint is made by the farmers of that county

of the edations made by the crows and blackbirds on the newly sown grain. These and a species of lark have py Sor in the valley, or so destructive to the crops, since the Spring of 1852. Setriep.— It is rted that the ok, in which a challenge passed between W. D. Fair and Francis Ganahl, of Siskiyou, bas been amicably settled by referees. THE NEVADA DE . nn ce EIIIEREIInEEIEEIIEEE nae ee i SaEEei ee ee en ee ae Nene ee SHAsta Burre.— Lieut, Williamson estimates the hight of Shasta Butte at 18,000 feet above the sea. In relation to the position of this peak and the surrounding mountains, he says ; a ale This Butte is not the largest ak of the long range mh vie tw seri interior of the country the fertile valleys of the Pacific Slope, but it is also a t eenter, from which di the numerous chains that render northern C: igo 4 one mass aA bee oy a approaching it by the Oregon ‘ from north sad te south Me is, _ 1 — ye" high ridges, a ual increase elevation 0 ap country, for about miles. The region near the base itself thus a s an altitude of about 4,000 feet above the sea; and it is an gy sm fact, that most of the northern mines are fo upon this vast pedestal of w+, giant Butte. Great confusion exists in the nomenclature of the mountain ranges in the vicinity. The name, Cascade mountains, ceases at Klamath river, but the in reality divides. One branch, called the Siskiyou mountains, bends westward nearly to the coast; the other, under the name of the Western Chain of the Sierra Nevada, winds to the southeast, and unites with the main Sierra Nevada. From the Butte, three steep and thickly wooded ridges, called Little Scott’s mountains, and Trinity mountains, extend to the westward. ‘The two latter are branches of the Coast Range of California, Shasta Butte, although generally considered a peak of the Western Chain of the Sierra Nevada, is, in truth, the great center, from which radiate, besides several smaller ridges, the Cascade Range, the pe Range, and the Western Chain of the Sierra Nevada. Datu oF A Very OLp Caitrornian.—The Los Angeles correspondent of the Bulletin, ina recent letter, says: The venerable Antonio Maria Lugo, of whom ve you a brief sketch some three years since, died last week, well on to a hundred ears of age. He is said to be 81 years old, but if Lenses not he told me three years ago, when he seemed to have the full use of his memory, that he was considerably older than that. He came to California a soldier under the King of Spain, and settled on his ranch, about eight miles south of Los Angeles, in 1813, where he lived (nearly half a century) till his death. His descendants include the children of the late Col. Isaac Williams, of Dr. 8, C. Foster, of his sons, (the Lugos,) and I know not how many other families in this country, of the first respectability, even to the third and fourth generation, The landmarks of California’s early history are fast disappearing. The old Padres are al! gone; the old missions are crumbling to ruins, and one after another, the old poblanos, remainders of a former age, drop into “time's yeasty waves”—the lot of us all—to be wafted, as we hope, by the great irresistible “undertow” ot all sentient being, to the far, far lethean shore. INDIAN Retics.—Dr. Day, of Springfield, recently found several singular relics of an anvient people, who inhabited this portion of the world at some remote period. Among the articles found by the Doctor, are two kinds of dishes, rudely shaped like a scollop shell, made of a species of asbestos, about eight Sashes wide, and of oval form, There is also a mortar, formed out of a large pebble of gegen unlike wy thing in this county. While writing on ‘he subject of antiquities, we are informed, by a gentleman lately returned from that portion of the State, that about fifty miles from the forks of Walker’s river, he saw several ruins of ancient masonry, among the rest a bridge, the arch of which, though considerably covered by earth, was found to be nearly one hundred feet span. We do not vouch for the truth of the statement, but, as in all probability, quite a number of pees will travel in chat direction this spring, we shall feel obliged to any one who will furnish us with some proof of the oxistence of said bridge.—Columbia Times. FKOVAKLS YIELD OF THR WASHOR MInEs.— The Alta California states that a scientifie German miner has been to the Washoe silver mines and made estimate that the probable production of the veins already opened will not be less than $10,000,000 during the present year. This promise may prove falacious, and only the grossest folly could blindly believe, after the bitter disappointments of previous years. But still, we know that Washoe—which has now by common usage become the comprehensive name for all the argentiferous region of Western Utah—has large veins of silver ore, richer than any other silver ore in the world—richer in silver and richer in gold. The ore pays $5,000 of silver to the ton, and the silver contains $6,000 of gold to the ton. During the month of January last, 58,000 ounces, or two and five twelfths tons—at 24,000 troy ounces to aton—of Washoe silver were deposited at the Mint, and these two tons contained $12,213 of gold. AFrecTiInG Scune.—A scene of sorrow was witnessed on the Levee Wednesday morning, that affected in an unwonted manner all who were present. Officer Saulsberry, of San Francisco, brought up on the steamer, the night previous, an insane woman to be placed in the Asylum, Her little son, aged eight years, was with her, and when it was . made known he could not accompany his mother to the Asylum, but that he must he separated from her, his tears and expressions of grief were such as to fill with sorrow those who heard him. The boy was kindly taken in charge by Mr. Henry until the steamer returned to San Francisco, where a French family, country-people of the insane woman, had engaged to take care of him.—Stockton Democrat, One Gortn AND AnoTHER Compru.—The first eneration of houses in San Francisco, says the dulletin, were constructed of oloth and paper. The second generation was of wood, to which fires, wind, wet-rot, and city ordinances have set a limit. The . third was of brick—and the first ormpten of the decay of this generation may be observed on the west side of Montgomery strect, just out of Commercial. There, in this town of cleven years growth, a brick building has grown too old to cumber the round longer, and is being removed to make way or a smarter successor. Truly, we are a fast people, Farmina 1x Sonoma County.—Every indication, says the Petaluma Argus, goes to establish the conclusion that the number of acres put in . grain this season, in this county, will far exceed that of any former year. Should the season prove . favorable to the maturing of crops, the amount of . roduce that Sonoma county will furnish the maret, will fully sustain the character of her soil in point of fertility, as well as the industry and enterprise of her people. SLAVERS IN THR Paciric.—The Honolulu Advertiser learns that an American schooner had kidnapped or enticed a number of natives from one of the South Sea Islands, and had brought them to . Koloa, where they were put to service on a plane tation, while the vessel had prepared to sail for a . similar cargo. The editor of the Advertiser thinks . it a system of piracy, and the commencement of a . a slave trade in the Pacific. SNATCHED FROM THE Gravg.—Not very long since, a child died, as was supposed, in Washington county, Oregon. The body presented every appearance of death; breathing stopped, discoloration ensued, which being mistaken for mortification, somewhat hurried preparations were made for burial. A few hours before it was appointed to take place, respiration commenced, and the child was found to be alive. It recovered, and is now entirely well, PetRirigp YELLOw-JAcKEt.—A gentleman of . this place, says the San Andreas Independent, . picked up from a bucket, as it ascended from the shaft in the Marlette claim, the other day, a petrified . yellow-jacket, perfect in form, even to the entire preservation of its wings. It was dug out of the earth at least a hundred feet from the surface, and between the two rims or banks of the “Old River Channel.” Tue PBR CENT PRINCIPLE.—A writer in the San Francisco ‘Telegram says that bankruptcy stares California boldly in the Soe; and that our merchants to-day cannot pay ten per cent. of their indebtedness. The most of them are being rapidly swallowed up by the two-and-a-half-per-cent.-permonth principle. YacutinaThree beautiful yachts are now being built by nautical amateurs in Francisco, preparatory to the races of summer. One is ayowedly intended to beat the “ride of the Bay.” . used as fuel to heat the retorts, ‘ NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 29, 1860. Origin of Disunion Movements, In the second volume of Benton’s ‘Thirty yeate in the United States Senate,” is the felowing passage : The observing reader, who have looked over the two volumes of this , in poting the progress of the slavery agitation, and its successive alle causes of disanion, must have been sti with cele ith these causes, each in its turn, as seon removed, has been succeeded by another, of a different kind, until at last they terminate in a cause which ignores them all, and finda new reason for disunion ia the constitution itself in that constitation the protection ef which had been invoked as sufficient, during the whole period of the alleged “aggressions and encroachments,’’ n 1835, when the first agitation manifest and eall for a Southern convention and invocation to unity and concert of action, came forth ia the Charleston Mereury, entitled ‘the Crisis,’’ the cause of disunion was then in the abolition Societies established in some of the free States, and which these States’ were required to euppress. Then came the abolition gpisre se presented in Congress ; then the mail transmission of incendiary publications ; then the abolition of slavery in the Distriet of Columbia ; then the exclusion of slavery from Oregon; then the Wilmot Proviso ; then the admission of California with a free constitution. Each of these, in its day, was a cause of disunion, to be effected through the instrumentality of a Southern cenvention, forming a sub-confederacy in flagrant violation of the constitution, and effecting the disunion by establishing a commercial non-intercourse with the free States. After twent years agitation upon these points they are all given up. The Constitution aud the Union were found to be a ‘mistake’? from the beginoing—an error in their origin, and an impoesibility in their future existence, and to be amended into another impossibility, or broken up at once, The regular inauguration of this slavery agitation dates from the year 1835; but it had commenced two years before, and ia this way ; nullification and disunion had commenced in 1830 upon complaint against a protective tariff, That being put down in 1838 under President Jackson’s proc!amation aud cnergetic measures was immediately substituted by the slavery agitation. Mr. Calhoun, when he went home from Congress iu the spring of that year, told his friends, that the South could never be united against the North on the tariff question—that the sugar interest of Louisana woald keep her out—and thatthe basis of Southern Union must be shifted to the slave question, Then all the papers in his interest, and especially the one at Washington, published by Mr, Duff Green, dropped tariff agitation, and cOmmeneed upon slavery ; aud in two years bad the agitation ripe for inauguration on the slavery question, And, in tracing this agitation to its present stage, and to comprehend its rationals, it is not to be forgotten that itis a mere continuation of old tariff discussion, and preferred becavse more available. In June, 1833, at the first transfer of South» ern agitation from tariff to slavery, Mr, Madison wrote to Mr, Olay: “It is painful to see tho unceasing efforts to alarm the South by imputations againat the North of unconstitutional designs onthe subjeet of slavery. You are right; Ihave no doubt in believing that no such intermeddling disposition exists in the body of our Northern brethren, Their good faith is snficiently guarauteed by the interest they have as merchants, as ship owners, and as manufacturers, in preserving @ union with the slave-holding States. On the otber hand, what madness in the South to look for greater safety in disunion. It would be worse than jumping into the fire for fear of the frying-pan. The danger from the alarms is, that pride and resentment excited by them may be an overmatch for the dictates of prudence ; and favor the project of a Southern convention, insidueusly revived, aa promising by its counsels the best security against grievances of every kind from the North.”’ Manufacture of Coal Oil, Works for extracting oil from coal are bolng erected in all parts of the country where coal abounds, aud the demand for the oil keeps pace with the steadily increasing supply, The following account of the manner in which the oil is extracted from the coal is from the McKvesport (Pa.) Standard; , We recently visited the large works, four in number, of some 30 retorts each, situated near Canfield, Obio, and those at Darlington, Pa., aud propose to give some aceount of the processes of its manufacture, The coal is put inte cast iron retorts, holding from 6te10 owt., which are built into a brick furnace, 60 constructed that a strong fire can play around them, The retorts being charged, their mouths closed and properly luted, the fire is gradually raised until they assume a white heat; this intense heat having in the meantime driven the eil out of the coal, in the shape of a dense, white gas. After the lapse of 12 hours, in large retorts, or 6 hours in smaller ones, the doors are opened and the charge withdrawn, The coal has now been converted into coke, which is Behind the retorts and running the entire length of the furnaces, i3 a large pipe, that, as it passes the retorta, receives a smaller pipe fromeach. These pipes convey the oil, in the shape of gas when . it leaves the retorts, but gradually cooling and condensing on its passage, it arrives at a large vessel, called the receiver, fully converted into oil, The oil is now the color of dark brandy, and yet contains many impurities, such as pitch, asphaltum, creasote, parafiue naptha, &c., from which it is freed by distillation and chemical processes, The distillation, which is carried on in large cast iron stills, haviog a worm immersed in cold water, after the manner of the come mou distilling aparatus, frees the oil from the aspbalt, vbarapbine and naptha, the two former being heavier, aod the latter lighter than the oil. It is then deoderized, and subjected to repeated waehings in water holding costic soda in solution, and afterwards treated with dilute sulphuric acid. After these processes it comes out the beautiful transparent fluid we now have it; probably the best and ebeapest illuminator the world is yet in possession of, The business thus far, has proved highly remunerative, yielding a larger return for the investment than any other business we know of. One ton of coal produces 40 gallons of crude, or 30 of refined oil. As the coal only costs $1,50 per ton, and the oil is readily sold for a dollar a gallon, itcan at once be seen how . profitable it is. The Darlington eannel coal is a¢ yet suppor ed to be the best from whieh to make the oil, but oil is now largely made from other cannel coals, as well as bituminouscoal. The large works at Freeprrt. Pa., use the latter, and make great quantities of excellent oil. Should the bituminous coal preve as good, for the making of oil as the cannel coal, a new field of enterprise will be opened fer those regions like our rapa so abundantly supplied with that quality of coal. Accorpixa to latest advices from England, an address to Lord Palmerston, praying the Goveroment to use its influence in maintaining the integrity and independence of the Pope’s dominions, was in course of sigoature by the Catholics of Ireland. ANOTHER DELUGE PREDICTED, . We have bad occasion, says Galignani’s Messenger, to peruse a remarkable’ werk just pablished, entitled “Courants et Revolutions de V'Atmosphirr et de la Mer,” by Lieu a theory of currents and winds, by plains the recurrence of storms and other metephenomena; but what has chiefly attracted our attention inevitable ical retura similar to that known under Universal Deluge, a au treats with singular } ty, and of which we gi hyd er anes to Toke Radbrsige ap tai oe @ author s ma, uy — C) which are generally known, vig: 1. : isothermal lines (lines where the same degree of warmth is observed on our globe) of the Bigbosk temperature are pet he distributed ie ween Northern aoe 9 peo edagenen the space ocoupy mer about the Gable of tber which they occupy south’ of the os wares 80 that the Southern hem e is considerably colder, especially towards the pole, than the Northern one, 2, That the accumulation of ice at the Antarctic pole is mueh more considerable than at the Northern, 3.. That the earth performs the shortest portion of ite revolution, viz., that nearest to the perihelion, much more rapidly than the other, and at that period of the year which comprises the autumn and winter of the Northern hemisphere. Hence it follows that the winter of the latter is shorter (by about eight days) than that of the Southera hemisphere; and it is during this long winter, when the earth is furthest from the sun, that . the solar rays must lose in strength what they gain in duration, To this cause of diminution of temperature must be added the loss of calorio by radiation, and it will then be easy to perceive the reason of the difference of tempera. ture between the two pAora:tgise Observation moreover, has shown that the quantity of oaloric lost at the South pole in the course of a year is equal to the surplus absorbed at the North pole. Now let us, with the author, mentally represent to ourselves the earth at the moment of its creation, when its whole surface was covered with water, and its center of gravity coincided with its geometrical center, From that moment ite revolution around the sun commen» ced, and all those causes which have led to the inequality of temperature between the two hemispheres began to operate, In the eourse of afew centuries the iee at the South pole became, in consequence, heavier than that ac. cumulated at the North pole, and the center of gravity was displaced southwards; mathemati. cians, in fact, state the distance between the latter and the geometrieal center to be about 1700 metres, Under these circumstances, what could the liquid surface of the globe do but flow southward, leaving all the continent wo aro 80 familiar with ancovered? Here M. Julien observes that all the regions of the Southern hemisphere bear unmistakeable morke of sabmersion; that America, Africa and India end in points, all turned towarde the South pole ; that the islands of the Southern regions have the appearance of the summits of mountain ranges, and that Lieut. Maury’s soundings show that the coasts on that side all descend abruptly iuto the aea, He further states the curious fact that in going from the North to the South pole at every parallel the ratio of the extent of land to that of the sea diminishes regularly and progreesivély, Let us now take into the consideration the phenomenon called the Procession of the Equinoxes, in virtue of whioh the firet point of Aries reoedes upon the ecliptic by about fifty seconds jin ayear, This gradually causes @ complete change in the seasons; and counting from any given time, there must elapse at least 21,000 . before the seasons can return at precisely the same periods of the year. It has been ascertained that up to the yoar 1248 of the Ubristian era, a year in which on the first day of winter preoisely coincided with the earth’s passage through its peribelion, the temperature of the Southern hemisphere had been in constant course of diminution, Itis moreover clear that after the lapse of 10,500 years the seasons of our globe must be exactly reversed. Henee, about 10,500 years before 1248, or 11,000 years before our present time, it was the North pole, and not its opposite one, which was in its maximum of refrigeration; our present eontinents were then submerged, according to the Mosaic tradition of the Deluge, and there were contipenta unknown to usin the Southern hemisphere. And again, by the same astronomical and natural laws,10500 years after the last cataclysm, a new one will oceur, which will again submerge the Northern hemiapberé, and allow a new world to emerge from the ocean in the Southern one, Soch is the theory of M. Julien—a theory we may add, which isin perfect accordance with facts within the sphere of our actual knowledge. The Real Legislators. “Occasional,” the well-kuown Washington correspondent of the Philadelphia Press, draws out from obseurity two or three of that large clase of men of labor and talent, who, in subordinate places, make reputations for pa@liticians, and keep the machinery of goverftMments ia easy motion, He says: The braine of the Committee of Ways and . Means are supplied by Mr, Cochran, a clerk, . (@ modest, unassuming man, who bas served in . that capacity for 4 number of years,) who devotes himeelf at all times to the preparation of bills and to the collection of data and informa. tion from the various departments of the Go. vernment, Those who know him speak of him as @ inest extraordinary intellestual machine. . tie knowledge of figures is 80 accurate, his . integrity so unquestionable, that his ealculations are accepted and adopted at onee. He may be said, indeed, to be counsellor, adviser and director in reference to the most important appropriations, No scheme, however carefully . concealed, cam pass unchallenged by this sentine] at the door of the national treasury. J understand that be has already prepared all the bills for the action of Congress, aod when . the Speaker is elected and the Committee of . Ways aad Means appointed, they will be im. mediately presented tothe House. And yet . who ever heard of Mr, Cochran, except those who care to inquire into the secrets of the . business in this great political center? . Another of these unknown public servants \is Mr, Joho M. Barolay, of Indiana, journal \clerk of the House of Representatives. Mr. . Barclay is as thoroughly versed in the parlismentary secrets and details as Cochran is in the expenditures and revenues of the Government. As you enter the House, when it is fully organ, ized, you will see standing on the right of the Speaker, a young gentleman, named Thaddeus Maurice, who may be called the pter of the presiding officer. He no his service as a page, and I thiok it was Mr. Cobb who first took eavantoge of bis skill and talent, and from that day he has been consulted by all the Speakers. When a new Congress assembles it is curieus to observe how rapidly he becomes acquainted with the names and a nee of the members; and those who applaud the ol er for hie readiness and bot know that the quiet, unpretending young man by his side aa y puts the we jute the Speaker’s xouth,