February 3, 1858 (4 pages)

t f ; ' 7 reimncpaic ahi ic sericea Se: She Eee ee ae Octavian Hoogs is our Agent for San Francisco. Be is authorised to receive advertisements, and collect and reeeipt fer the aame. Geo. H. Lovegrove is our authorised Agent for Bacramento, to receive advertisements and collect for the same. NEVADA, WEDNESDAY, FEB. 3, 1858. County Finances. Our attention has reeently been called to an article in the Grass Valley Telegraph, in regard te the extravagant expenditures to which the county is subjected in consequence of the depreeiated value of county scrip. The 7edegraph sete down the following iteme: For example—Sizteen dollars 3 week, each, to board the prisoners! $370 for a gallows, that should be built for one-fifth of the sum. One dollar aud » quarter « pound for candles, by the box, when at te her snp they can be purchased anywhere for less than one quarter that sum. We learn that but twelve dollars a week is allowed for board of prisoners, instead of sixteen, Ascounty warrants are selling at fifty cents on the dollar, it smounts in reality to but six dollars a week, to the person who bas the contract, If any reliable person can be found who will board them for less, we doubt not that the Supervisors would give him the ore The amount paid for building the gallows was $238, instead of $370, as stated by the 7el, which would be equivalent to $119. We have but little idea what such a structure should cost, but it is not probable the work could be done for a leas eum. A let of wax candles were purehased some time ago, for the use of the court room, while the District Court was holding evening sessions, and the Supervisors allowed one dollar and twenty-five cents pound for them, in serip, equivalent to eixty-two and a half cents, cash. The candles cost at wholesale, in San Francisco, sixty cents pound; the freight and charges will cost more than two and a half cents a pound, and no merchant could afford to sell them at the price paid, unless he wished to make a permanent investment of his funds, If the finances of the county were conducted on a cash basis, items of expenditures, such as are named above, would be reduced about one half, and a saving to the county of eight or ten theusand dollars a year would be effected. In order to attain this result, two propositions have been made: (ne is, to levy an extra tax sufficient to meet the current expenses; the other, to fund the present outstanding debt. The latter plan we believe will be found the less burdensome to the taxpayers of the county. Farat Accipent.—Mr. Chas. N. Sloat was fatally injured on Weduerday last. at Manzanita Hill, near Humbug. He had just commenced running a cut into the hill, when he was struck by a slide of earth from above, carrying him down the bill and across a flat, and finally landing him in another cut, which was some thirty feet deep. He was taken out immediately. His head and the upper part of his body was badly bruised; his left arm wae broken above the elbow, the muscle being torn away, anda piece of the bone projected through the flesh.— Medical assistance was immediately procured, but he died en Suturday, three days after receiving the injuries. Mr.Sloat was about thirtyseven years of age, and formerly resided in Morgan county, Illinois, Quartz.—The proprietors of a quartz lead on Gallows Fiat, have run a tunnel from Big Deer ereek to their lead, which was struck on Saturday last, Theturnel is eight hundred feet in length, and workmen have been engaged upen it steadily for the past seven months, Some roek crushed from the same lead, taken frem near the surface, paid as high as $100 ton; and it is believed that the rock etruck in the tuanel will pay equally as well. Last week. one hundred tons of rock was erushed at the American Hill mill, which was cleaned up and retorted on Monday, and yielded between $4,000 and $5,000. The rock taken from the lead of this company has latterly been paying about forty dollars to the ton. Le eee er nnn A Gamp.er Suot.—A difficulty oceurred at Allegbanytown, on Wednesday evening Jast, between two gamblers named Wm. Stedman and Edward Hewitt, which resulted in the latter being shot, and it is eupposed, mortally wounded. Stedman, who was dealing, had won $20 from Hewitt, which the latter refused to pay. Hard words and blows followed, and Stedman at length drew a pistol and shot his antagonist, The wounded mau was notdead at last accounts, but it is thought he cannot recover. Stedman immediately left, and was traced to this place, but he has not been seen since the officers here received intelligence of the affray. Counry Dest.—.A public meeting will be held at the Court House, to-morrow evening, te take inte consideration the financial condition of the eounty, and to recommend to our representatives in the Le,islature some plan for reducing the eounty expenees and to previde for the payment of the debt. In a matter of se much importance it isto be hoped that the tax-payers will make it their business te attend. Whatever action is taken in the matter must be taken immediately, as the Legislature will probably adjouca in the course of a few weeks. Scrpsvisors.—The County Supervisors met te transact county business on Monday. The Sheriff settled up in full, his accounts on the Property tax for 1857. The amount returned as delinquent for the several townships, was as fellews : $560 70 . 549 90 . 244 06 +. 796 80 T eee +». 783 40 Wi To Bshdeoas Cbdeb o's ceeds +++. 163 80 a ee eee Townemtr Asnzssons.—Mr. Smith, of Nevada county, has introduced bill into the Assembly, providing for the election of Township Assessors, and abolishing the office of County Assensor, on the expiration of the terms of the presents incumbente. Feorr Tasza.—We direct the attention of our readers, to the advertisement of Mr. Marshall, who has for sale a large quantity of fruit trees, of the best varieties. Pus. Docs,--We are indeb‘ed to Hon. J. C, McKibben for — Polpable Congressioms! documents. The Democratic Sentiment. We give on our first page extracts from several of our Democratic contemporaries wpon the present phase of the Kansas question. A few weeks ago, the San Franciseo Globe called on the Demoeratic papers to come out and define their position, and announced in advance that none would be considered Democrats who did not sustain what it was pleased to term the poliey of the administration, and denounce Sena‘tor Douglas. Since then most of the Democratic papers of the State have spoken, and with # unanimity which we could fot have expected, almost unanimously have sided with the Little Giant. That the Democratic press of the interior, controlled as itis by the honest convictions of its editors, speak the sentiments offthe Democracy of the State. we cannot for a moment doubt. Within the past two weeks we have conversed with hundreds in this section upon the subject, and as yet have found but two Democrats who do not heartily and boldly sustain the position of Senator Douglas as the correct interpretation of the popular sovereignty doctrine embraced in the Kansas-Nebraska act. If we can believe the Globe the Democrats of San Francisco are all of the “Expediency” class, who would not hesitate to violate one of the fundemental principles of the party in order to accomplish an object of doubtful policy. We have an idea, however, that the Globe reflects the sentiments of but very few members of the party, eveninits own city. The statement made by that paper a short time ago, that all the Galifornia delegation in Congress, “‘except perbaps’’ Mr. Broderick, were in favor of the admission of Kansas on the Lecompton Constitution, we are satisfied was made without authority. In Washington city, Dr. Gwin is understood as being opposed to to the measure, and should the question of admission ever come toa vote in the House, we have reason to beNeve that Mr. McKibben will vote against it. We should much deplore any division of the Democratic party upon the question of the admission of Kansas, and can see no reason to anticipate such an event. Whatever may be done in Congtess, neither Douglas nor his friends will leave the party. The position they have taken is impregnable, and the masses of the party will sustain them. Squatrer Soverznionty.—We give in our columns to-day a long communication on Squagter sovereignty,’’ in which the writer gives his views on the Kansas question as it stood befure Congress at our last advises from the East. We disagree in man y particulars with the views of “Democritus,’’ some of which we shall endeavor to point out. The theory that the wishes of the people can be ascertained by the acts of their delegates, ic correct only to a limited extent. And for that reason it has been the custom for many years past, in order to ascertain more clearly the popular sentiment, to submit the organic laws of the several States to a direct vote. States were formerly admitted into the Union by Congress witbout such submission; but es long ago as 1845, the Constitution of Wisconsin.—which wae presented to Congress without having been voted en by the people, was sent back; or in other words, Wisconsin was admitted on condition that a majority of the people voted in favor of the Constitution, The result was, that the Constitution was voted down, and that State was kept out of the Union two vears longer. In the case of Kansas, however, the “representative’’ argument is wholly at fault. we agree with ‘“Democritus,’’ that those who neglected their duty as citizens, pad refused, through a epirit of factiousness, to vote for delegates, have no right to complain. But it must be borne in mind that nearly, if not quite, half of the people of Kansas were not even allowed the privilege of voting for delegates, and that through the fault of the Territorial officers. The Sheriffs and Judges, whose duty it was to register the names of the voters, in nineteen counties, refused, or neglected, to attend to this duty, and the people of those counties were consequently disfranchised. In some of these counties the people attempted to remedy the the fault of the Territorial officers, by a subsequent census and register, but their delegates were refused a seat in the Convention, To compel the peeple of those counties to live under a Constitution whieh they were not allowed to take part in framing, would be treating them as a despot would be expected to treat the people of a conquered province. If Kaneas is admitted under the Lecompten Constitution, it is doubtfal whether the people of the Territory will ever suffer it to go into operation, so great is the prejudice there against the instrument, For we do not for a moment imagine that the General Government will think of keeping up an army in Kansas in order to coerce the people into submission to a Constitution which had been forced upon them without their consent, It is an erroneous idea to suppose that the opposition te the admission of Kansas, on the part of the Democracy, is to be attributed alone to Senator Douglas. Long before the meeting of Congress, nearly all the Democratic papers in the North-western States, had taken the same stand which Mr Douglas has since taken in the Senate, and he is bat following in the wake of the party in those States. All the papers in Ohio, Michi an, Intiiana, INinois, Iowa and Wisconsin, which supported Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency, with two or three exceptions, have taken a firm position against the admission of Kansas, unless the Constitution is first submitted to the people; and we cannot doubt that those journals represent the sentiment of the entire Democracy of that section. Itisto save the Democratic party, by making it stick to its principles, that has caused Mr Douglas to take his present position. The party is under the solemn pledge to give the people of Kansas an opportunity to form their own institutions. It is only by carrying out this pledge in good faith that the party can pont ig retain its ascendency in the national councils, Kansas Reso.vrioxs.—Hon, W. I. Ferguson, of Sacramento, gave notice that he should introduce in the Senate resolutions in regard to the admission of Kansas, The resolutions were to have been introduced on Monday, and are understood to be an endorsement of the position of Senator Douglas. . Grrrme Wxit.—Mr. Robert Brash, who was dangerously injured recently at Montezuma Hill, by a premature blast, we leara is likely te recever. Summary of Atlantic News. The Golden Gate arrived at the Bay last Thursday evening, with dates from New York to January 5th. She brought 461 passengers, Kansas.—The slavery clause in the Lecompton Co.stitution, was carried at the election on the 2ist of Dec. by a large majority. Charges of fraud and double voting are made, and at Leavenworth and other places, it is said many Missourians voted. The form of oath administered was: “Are you at this time an inhabitant of Kansas.” Gen. Denver had arrived and assumed the duties of Governor. The Territorial Legislature had passed a bill organizing the militia of the Territory, and appointed Gen. Lane commander-in-chief. Gen. Eldridge the Territorial Quartermaster General, made a demand on Gov. Denver for a lot of arms which had been taken from the free State men by Gov. Geary. The Governor hesitated some time, but at length gave them up, om receiving a promise from Eldridge that they should not be used until after the election. Advices from Kansas to Dec. 24th, state that civil war was raging in Bourbon county. Several conflicts have taken place between free State and pro-slavery parties, and a number of prisoners been taken on both sides. The United States Marshal, with a force of eighty men, demanded the surrender of a free State party, and the demand was answered by a volley of musket balls. The fire was returned, and the fight lasted an hour, when the pro-slavery men retreated with loss of one man killed and two mortally wounded. The United States Marshal was dangerously wounded, A report had reached St. Louis of an engagement between General Lane’s forces and the United States dragoons, at Sugar Mound, in which, it is stated, several of the latter were killed. It is also reported that the dragoons retreated, and that Gov. Denver had gent four companies of infantry to assist them—moreover, that the free State men, to the number of twenty-five hundred, bad rallied in support of Lane, and that a fearful collision was expected. The stery requires confirmation to entitle it to belief. Conuress.—Several debates have occurred in the Senate, on the Kansas question. Mr. Douglas sticks to his original position ot hostility to the Lecompton Congress. Mr. Broderick stated that he agreed in the main with the position of Mesers. Douglas and Stewart, and would give his views more at length when the question was properly before the Senate. It is umderstood that Dr. Gwin also sustains Douglas. It is probable the Lecompton Constitution will be adopted by the Senate and rejected by the House. The Democratic Representatives from the Northwest are nearly all with Douglas. Resolutions bad been offered in both Houses calling on the President for information in regard to the arrest of Gen. Walker, and a message from the President iu regard te that affair was expected, It is said that Humphrey Marshal will offer a resolution to restore Gen. Walker and his men to their position in Nicaragua. Walker’s echeme never stood better before the country, than at last accounts, Gen, Scott arrived at Washington, Jan. 3d, to arrange matters in regard to the campaign against the Mormons in the spring. A Compromise.—Senator Pugh, of Ohio, has introduced into the Senate a bill for the admission of Kansas which is designed as a compromise. It provides fur the admission of Kansas into the Union under the Lecompton Constitution, with the same boundaries as were defined by the billof the last Congress, It also requires that the seventh article of that Constitution, relative to Slavery, shall be submitted to the direct vote of the qualified electors on the Tth of April next, and that the returns of this election shall be made te the Governor of the Territory, instead of the President of the Convention ; states that the election shall be conducted in obedience to the laws in force on the 7th of November last; aleo provides that the Constitution shall not be so construed as to limit or impair the right of the people to at any time call a Convention for the purpose of altering, amending, or abolishing their form of government, subject to the Conatitution of the United States, The bill meets with no favor among members of Congress. Tue WaLxer Expepition.—The arrest of Gen. Walker in Nicaragua had created an intense excitement in New York, Washington, New Orleans, Mobile, and other southern cities. It is stated that Com. Paulding acted without instructions in breaking up the expedition. Many southern members of Congress sympathize with Walker. It is said Gen, Walker will demand indemnity from the Government for his losses, and also that his men shall be sent back to Nicaragua, and his flag saluted by U. S. vessels-of-war. Mass meetings had been held in New Orleans, at which speeches were made denouncing the seizure of Walker. It is generally believed that Com. Paulding exceeded his instractions in landing his men on the soil of Nicaragua, yet the views of the Administration on his course are not known. Toe CanapiaN PaRttaMent.—The people of Hamilson, Canada, have elected to Parliament, by a majority of over three hundred, Mr. Isaac Buchanan, who formerly caused much strong feeling against him by the expression of the opinion that the form of government of the United States is best suited to the latitude of Canada. Thomas D’Arcy McGee has been elected by a large majority, member for Montreal. Paciric RatLroap.—Dr. Gwin is vigorously pushing forward the Pacific Railroad project, and is receiving the effective aid of bis colleague, Senator Broderick. Nothing but the depletion of the publio treasury will prevent a bill from being carrried through early in the session. Groncia Banks.—The Governor of Georgia vetoed a bill passed by the Legislature, legalizing the suspensions of the banks in that State, The bill was afterwards passed by a two-thirds majority, over the veto. N. B, Banks, late Speaker of the House of Representatives, has resigned his place as Representative from the Seventh District of Massacbusetts, and taken the oath of office as Governor of that State. Mixnesora.—On the 19th ef December, Gen, James Shields aud Henry M. Rice were elected U.S. Senators, by the State Legislature of Min. nesota, A resolution was introduced into the Virginfa Legislature, Jan. 4th, denouncing Com, Paulding for arresting Gen. Walker. The resolution was laid ever and net acted on. Squatter Sovereignty. Mr. Editor :—It is in vain to attempt to disguise the fact that the issue which Senator Douglas the most distinguished, powerfal and perbaps able leader of the Democratic party has thought proper to make with the President, has created a wide spread excitement in the country. Heretofore the democratic party has stood firm and united upon the Slavery agitation. It united in carrying through the great compromise measures of 1850; and is encitled to all the credit of that pacification which it was designed ebould forever exclude the subject of slavery in the Territories from the field of National politics. When Mr. Douglas appreciating the inconsistency between the principle of the compromise measures of 1850, and the obsolete priuciple of the Missouri compromise brought forward the Kaneas-Nebraska bill, in which it was declared that the Missouri restriction “being inconsistent with the principles of non intervention by Congress with slavery in the States and Territories, as recognized by the legislation of 1850, commonly called the compromise measures, is bereby declared inoperative and void; it being the true intent and meaning of this act not to legislate slavery into any territory or State, nor to exclude it therefrom, but to leave the people thereof perfectly free to form and regulate their domestic institutions iu their own way, subject only to the Constitution of the United States,” the democratic party north and south acquiesced in the} justice of this measure proposed by Mr. Douglas and on that issue carried the present Chief Magistrate in triumph into the Presidency.— Thirty years of unceasing strife and controversy, renewed with alarming intensity on every application for admission of a slave State into the Union, had demonstrated the necessity of making some otner tribunal than Congress the arbiter of this most dangerous question. The laws of parturition accompanied the birth of every new Statc, and the Union groaned with the labors of the event, but instead of drawing more firmly together the bonds of affection in the national family, at each period threatened to tear them asunder, Experience had therefore shown that the representatives of the people in Congress assembled, coming together cluthed with all the prejudices of education, imbued with all the sectional antipathies of those they represented ; fearful of their personal responsibilities, were utterly incapable of acting in concert and adjusting the difficult subject. In this dilemma, the eyes of patriotic aud wise men, including the immortal Clay and Webster, men too great for their party, turned to devise seme better and more practicable mode for the solution of the problem. Recurring then to the radical source of power in the republic, they justly concluded that the people themselves who were the fountain of political power, sbould exercise the sovereign prerogative of fixing the fundamental laws of every new society. Upen whose shoulders could the responsibility more properly devolve?) And to whom of right belonged the exercise of that power, but to those who were interested as citizens of the Community about to be formed? In this then the principle of the compromise of 1850 had its origin, and asa sequent, its application in the Kaosas-Nebraska bill of Mr. Douglas, The question at issue now in the new phase of the Kansas diffienlty is the execution in good faith of the squatter sovereignty principle, In carrying out tbat principle two things are to be attended to, Ist. The exclusion of congressional legislation in all matters pertaining to the local and fundamental laws and institutions of the inchoate State, 2d. The plenary control of the people over all fundamental laws and institutions of the society or State proposed to be erected by them. ' The theory of our government is a pure democracy, in which every man votes directly upon every subject of legislation in which he, or the soviety of which he is a member is concerned, Practically, however, this is an impossibility, and we substitute the representative for the democratic voice. The will of the people is expressed through those selected by them, in every legislative body from town trustees up . to congressional delegates, and a faithful reflex of the popular will is secured by the limitations upon the terms for which they are elected.— . Representation and accountability may be said . to be convertible terms. The representative not only answers for but answers to his constituents, As the agent of those whom he represents he is also recognized in this capacity by the rest of the world; his right to act iu their . name is not to be questioned. If he abuses his . trust he is responsible alone to those who made him; and in turn those who clothed him with the trust are responsible for his acts. As the constituency have a right to demand that his . voice shall be recognized in their behalf, so they must answer and be responsible for bis . conduct. The relative rights and duties of principal and agent in a political point of view should be respected as sacred and inviolable by third parties; not to be enquired into, or ques. . tioned; and at the same time, the acts of the agent should be regarded in this political relation as conclusive on the constituency. Having laid down these premises what are the conclusions, applicable te condition of the . people of Kansas and the Lecompton Constitution, The people having rightfully had the duty devolved upon them of fixing their fundamental laws, were bound to exercise it. It was a right which they should have eagerly embraced. Had slavery been imposed upon them by Congress contrary to their wishes they would have had just ground of complaint. As it was within their own control they cannot complain if they have supinely or wilfully permitted it to be thrust upon them. But as the duty of exercising this right was an arbitrary duty, they had no right to abstain from voting, either in the election for delegates to the convention, or afterwards on the constitutional question submitted. As the organic law provided by Congress authorized the election of a territorial legislature—that legislature when elected was necessarily a legal body, and as such all the world was bound to recognize it. Then, following the precedent of almost every State which A party which has delighted te do him honor for his ability ; of which he has been the idol ams Canale is now found the most ready and rT to divide and . f Congress is to go back and investigate the machinery of the Kansas elections, te supervise those matters which the squatter sovereigns were bound as mea and citizens to attend to for themselves; which the advocates of sqatter sovereignty including Senator Douglas, have boasted that the people were capable of performing for themselves, then indeed has ‘‘squatter sovereignty’’ proved » failure, and the ope which we had,cherished that thie Pandora's box would no longer deluge the land with its evils, has proved a sheer delusion. In this view of “squatter sovereignty” the terms not only meant the le may regalate their own domestic in tions, but they shall doso. Any other view must perpetuate the earnival ef discord to the last of the Union. In the whole view of this mater Mr. Deuglas has involved himself in thie gross inconsistency and has virtually said that having entrusted the sovereigns of Kansas with political power which they have shown themselves incapable of exercising we will now bring them back inte a state of pupilage; or at best a majority of you having permitted a minority to govern, we will assist you with the power of Congress to recover the political power which you have lost. Has not Senator Deugias been the first aud boldest in violating the work of his own hands, the principle of ‘squatter sovereignty ?”’ Democritvs. Tue Conrro.iersmip.—On Wednesday last, Gov. Weller withdrew the name of S. H. Brooks who had been nominated to the Senate for State Controller, giving as a reason, that the appointment was made under a misapprehension of facts, Mr. Brooks had previously stated that he did not vote for Mr. Buchanan, as his friends had contended, and it seems he worked and voted against the Democratic ticket of his own county at the late election. The Demoeratic party is not so anxious te get converts, as to be under the necessity of buying them up by giving them the best and most responsible offices in the State, and we must commend the Governor for his prompt withdrawal of the name of Mr. Brooks, as soon as he was made aware of the facts, The nomination would have been rejected by the Senate, had the name not been withdrawn. Munper i Srocxton.—The body of a man named McWade was found on the morning of . Jan, 29th, in the rear of a beer saloon, Stock. ton. A sack was tied tightly around his throat, and his face covered with blood probably from the effects of strangulation. The coroner’s jury returned 9 verdict, that they believed from the evidence and circumstances, that Jacob T. Elyea, Samuel S, Place, and Joseph Degant . were implicated in the murder of McWade.— . The suspected parties were arrested. The de. ceased was an Irishman by birth, and about . thirty-five years of age. . AEE EE nee Te oe Inp14.—The latest intelligence from India, . presents no new phase from that heretofore received. Luckno® still held out, but the insurgents around were 70,000 strong, and acoord. ing to the last dispatches, the total force geing . to its relief under Sir Colin Campbell was 5,000, but the London Times puts it dewn at about 1,500. New treops were pouring into the country at the rate of 2,000 a week. So complete . is the siege of Lueknow that ne news beyond . a scratch onasingle stripef paper had been . received from it in three weeks. Outram’s forces had been reduced to 1,400 men and with these he had te protect the women . Anderson JH children and wounded. Tuomas Paws.—The admirers of Thomas Paine had a celebration at San Francisco on Friday night, on the occasion of his birthday. . Bosworth Geo It is said te have been a very spirited affair. © . A Cuance.-—C. B. MeDonald has left the editorial charge of the Golden Era, and gone to Weaverviile with his lady, (late Mrs, Potter.) He takes charge of the Trinity Journal. CONVENTION OF GovRRNORA.—It in reported that Gov. Reeder designs calling a Convention of the Ex-Governers of Kansas, to devise a plan for settling the difficulties in that Territory. Contrapictep,—The Butte Record contradicts the report that a bill bad been introduced into the hegislature, de. fining the position of the State Journal, on the Kansas question. TurrricaL.—An entertainment is announced to come off . at the Theater this evening. The company consists of J. P. Addams, the Yankee commedian, Mrs. Rowena Granice, and one or two others of less note, but we judge, of superior ability, making altogether, a “heavy” company, ee Newsparer Favors.—We are indebted to Geo, Welch, who was the first to furnish us with Atlantic papers, for copies of the New York Herald, Tribune, Philadelphia Presa from Aspinwall. Sir James . Allen Henry W . dD . Garfield H C . Hamblen Alpheus By Telegraph. Weare indebted to Mr. Brooks, the tele. graphic operator at Auburn, for the following dispateb : Fergason introduced bis bill endorsing las and Walker; Burch introduced another, en. dorsiug the President ; Chase introduced Seve. ral more, which were rather on the compromise order, and after some funny sparring they all laid ovdl and made the special "Wide oe Friday, Feb. 12th. ee, Pacific Mail Steamship Company's Line, FOR PANAMA Connecting via PANAMA RAKLROAD, With the Steamers ofthe U.S. Mail Steamship pany, at Aspinwall. FOR NEW YORK & NEW ORLEANS DIRECT, Departure from Vallejo Street Wharg THE MAGNIFICENT STEAMSHIP SONORA, Will leave Vallejo street Wharf for Panama, wi), Mails, Passengers, and Treasure, Ua. Friday, February 5th, at 12 o’clek M. Punctually. Passengers by the P. M. S. Co’s Line are ae sentvals at Panama upon the wharf at oe nce terminus, by the Company’s steam ferry boat, and Pte. eeed immediately by Railroad Across the Isthmus, To Aspinwall, where the steamers of the U. 8. Mails, 8. Co, are always in readiness to convey them to New York. or New Orleans. Passengers for New Orleans proceed by direct steamer. Through tickets are furnished, including the transit 9¢ the Isthmus. Passengers are notified that all tickets for the of the U. 8, Mail S, 8. Co, must be presented to their agent. at Aspinwall for registry and exchange, as they wil] net otherwise be available. : gay~ Treasure for shipment will be received on steamer until 12 o’clock midnight, Monday May 4th. No merchandise or freight will be received on board af. ter 3 P. M, onthe 4th, anda written order must be pre. cured at the Company’s office . is ages For Freight or e apply . PTORBES & BABCOCK, Agents, Cor, Sacramento and Le rif ate, A choice of berths on the Atlantic steamers in secured, by the early purchase of tickets in San Francisco, EYE AND EAR. DR. J. W. VAN ZANDT, AVING returned from New York, will resume thepractice of Medicine, and devote a portion of his time to consultations im the Diseases of the EYE and EAR. OFFICE—In Wright's building, N. W. corner of Mont. gomery and Jackson streets, San Francisco. ke Hours—9 to 12 A. M., and 2 to 4 P. M, NSOLVENT NOTICE.—In District Court of the 14th Juslicial District, of the State of California, In the matter of the Petition of FRANCIS G. GUILD, an Insolvent Debtor. Pursuant to an order of the Hon. Niles Searls, Judge of the said District Court, notice is hereby given to alli the creditors of said Insolvent, Francia G. Guild, to be and appear before the Hon. Niles Searls aforesaid, in open Court, at the Court room of raid Court, in the City and County of Nevada, on the 8th day of Mareh A. D. 1858, at 10 o'clock A. M. of that day, then andthere to show cause, if any they can, why the prayer of said Insolvent should not be'granted, and an assignment of bis estate be nade and he be discharged from his debts and liabilities, in pursuance of the Statute in such case made and provided; audin the mean time all proceedings against said Insolvent be stayed. ; Witness my hand and the seal of said Court, this let day of February A. D. 1858. RUFUS SHOEMAKER, Clerk, By Wat. Suita, Deputy Clerk. 18-59 ~~ LIST OF LETERS Remaining in the Post Office at Nevada City, Cal., February Ist, 1858. Published officially in the NEVADA DEMOCRAT, having the largest circulation im the County. LADIES’ LIST. Green Mrs HN Abbey Miss Mary A Varker Mrs Catharine Hall Mrs Harriett GENTLEMEN’S LIST. A Archibald Morgan Askew Daniel Armstrong George Atwood Jabez Avhwore Thomas Avery Wm L Allen Wm Alley George H Barker MC Bowers George W Brown Thomas R Botwin Wm Brad haw Wm Brouler John B Beyer Mathies Brawley Wm H Butler Frederick Blythe Rev JF Brennan RW Burson Isaac 8 Bonham N 8 Sride John Brrne Richard Cc Carlow N H Cleaveland MS Couley Robert Carro}l Joba Clemmands Wm J Coun Ferguson Chandler GC Clute AD Connell John B-2 Chapman Warrin Colburn Hen Jno 5 Courser Henry Chockley James — Culer Thomas Cox HT Clark John Colonen Wm Cry Nelson F-2 Chester John C; Neton James Curran Valentine Clark latrick Dailey Michael W Dalley Robert Daney Wm Davix Solomon Day Henry L Delano Prosper J Ditksow Joseph Dewey Osear—2 Duddle Win Dick Thos M Dunyea Wm H-2 Dickson Henry Dave 8 C E Fister John € Emmerson D L Enders Hanna & Co krma John W Edge Matthew Echelberger H A Elmore Db T F Fairchilds F M Foot Ezra B Fraser Hogh Farmer BA Fowle Harvey BFultonG H Feely Joho Foster Warren Fulsom Freeman Gale John Gordan Jas B Griffin Isaac Galoon Daniel Grove John Gunman Robert Gronard Thomas J Guinew Samuel H Hasbrouck H M-3 Hoge Thomas Haner Lorenzo Hastings J W Hoiliman JT Hancock J J Hartzell Wm Holley Thomas Hancock George Harvey Edden Hollingsworth M Hanna Wm Hayton Joseph Hoisington Cyrus Hanson Peter Hedger Thomas Hunter John K and Ledger, and the Pittsburgh Gazette. To J, E. Hamlin, of the Broad street Book Store, for the New Orleans True Delta, New York News and Times, Philadelphia Press and Harper's Weekly. The Alta Express Co., and J, E. Hamlim also have our thanks for San Francisco and other California papers. J. W. Sutuivan, of the News Depot, San Francisco, has our thanks for the St. Louis Republican, Louisville Journal, Boston Traveler, Philadelphia Ledger, &e. Lecturks.—The first of a course of lectures, for the ben. fit of the Congregational Church, will be delivered by Rev. J. H. Brayton, of San Francisco, on Saturday evening . of this week, in the Brick Church. Subject, Inp1a—terms $5 for the course, $1 for a single lecture, admitting a lady . and gentleman. Lecisiative DocumMENTs.—We are indebted to Senators Chase and Burton, and to Messrs. Hill, Warfield, Caldwell, Smith and Young, of this county, for copies of the annual has come into the Union, that legislature having made provision for the election of delegates to a constitutional convention, the squatter sovereignty principle demands for it all the respect which the people could confer upon a body of delegates, and they who wilfully abstained from participating in such election have been recreant to their duty as citizens and have justly incurred tho condemnation of every good citizen, They are the last who can decently appeal to Congress or the people of the Union, to redeem them from the consequences of their own perverseness. But there is another view of this matter mere important still. It having been now settled as a principle, that the fundamental laws of a State are te be forever regarded as the work of ita citizens, in which Congress shall have no part or parcel, will we now in the initiation of . Rudolp®, in the Democrat building, Broad street, Nevada. . Sanclair James this principle suffer ourselves to violate it, and resume the struggle in the Halls of Congress and in the Federal politice? The people of the Union desiring peace, and fraternal concord have said to the people of Kansas you shall make your own constitution. Will we permit the people of Kansas wilfully to evade that duty, and make their own wrongful act the pretext for renewing the troubles which the compromise measures were designed to allay? Is the Union again to be precipitated into the vortex of disunion by those who have refused to perform a duty demanded of them by the peace and happiness of the whole American people? And yet these acts of the people of Kansas originating in their own determination to avoid the duty imposed upon them by the Kansas-Nebraska act, is made the pretext by its author above all others for dissevering that party which alone has bad the moderation and courage to uphold the counsels of patriotism in preference to those of sectionaliem and faction. . report of the State Controller, and other Legislative docu. ments. SEE aa We would call attention to the Card of Dr. Vax Zant, of San Francisco, who is treating Eye and Ear diseases with truly great success, sinee his return from abroad. Office in Wright’s Building, S. W. corner of Montgomery and Jackson streets, where he may be consulted daily. 18-3m DOUGLAS IN THE FiELp.—It is a fact, admitted even by Republicans, that Douglas’ chances for the presidency are growing brigher every day—it is alsoa fact, that pure Drugs & Medicines, can be obtained as usu al, at Spence’s Drug Store, No. 21 Commercial street. DAGUERREOTYPES.—Those wanting pictures in the highest style of the art, should call at the Gallery of Mrs. J. F. Glass Pictures, or Ambrotypes, also made for those whe desire them. Dry Goons.—Messrs. Steifel & Cohn, No, 54 Broad street . Sannders Geo W have just received the largest and most complete assortment of Dry Goods ever brought to this pl sell at reduced rates. ® is place, which they —_———— es FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TREES! ! THE UNDERSIGNED HAS ON HAND i a large quantity of Fruit Trees, consisting of Apple, Pear, TI ere err N ectarine, . Grape Vines, Currant Bushes, Ornamental Trees, Shrubbery, &c., Which he offers for sale at reasonable rates. RJ yo ge» are = J. fae ad Railroad Nursery, a ose, warranted to order. ‘ J.E. MARSHAL, Agent. 5 Broad street, nearly opposite the residence of J. P. Van D. Nevada, Feb. 2d. 1858,~—18-4f Jacobs J Johnson B G_G Jones Boone Jackson Stephen-2 Johnson AJ A Jones & Fairchild Jefferson Thomas PJohnson W C Jones David E Johnson Barney-2 Johnsen gore 8 Kellog A S—2 Kirk F M-2 Knight John Kelley & Brown Kline Joseph Knowles Lewis I. Kiely Patrick Klute Henry Kredell John King Jasper Kuerr aeety Krenter Phillip Layton Henry Lee Augustus T = Lloyd Henry Leaby David Lingo J 8 Lyon Wm DF Lee Capt John H M . Mann Jacob Meloney Wm H Mooney M H Manlove F Morlock F Mulligan Patrick . Malone Miles Mossman J L Murphy M K Matison Meret Moore W A Murphy Sylvester Mehegan Owen Mc McAllister Neal McConnell 8 T McNulty Charles Henry Archibald Hutehinson Hiram Harper Henry Hickman _— Harris Joseph Manchester TJ Morgan Richard Muldoon Peter McAllister A McHenry W F McPherson Geo F-2 McClure James W McKean David McVey Wilson McCarthy JeremiahMcLain — MeVicker Samuel Neely Samuel Newcomb Levy Nichols 1 R Nelson E Nichols James H-2 Nye John J P Neu Jacob o Oldham John Y Omalia Walter O’Conner Michael . Ogdon James a Oven Jesse Perry Robert H-2 Phillips Horatio G Plummer Warren Peacock David Phillips W Polmis E W Phalen Ryaan Pliley ER Prescott Columbus Platzeck Wm-—2 Ploeg Engelver Purdy James S$ Plaisted George—2 Parker John R Payne Wm Parker Jas C-2 R Ramus John Reed David C-2 Robertson W ME Reasoner BE Renwick John Roby John T Reasoner Noah H Reynolds John Rogers Joseph G Reed John C Riley Richard Roy John A Reed Wm H Riley Frogele E RustJa Severance Geo Southwick Benj P Sanford A Shanklin W Spencer Frederick Sayles Henry Shea Thomas itahi Rev J W . Sargant Hollis Shepp Samuel—2 Stead Wm—2 i Sheehan Maurice John-& 4 Sealan Daniel Shultz Frederick Stiles Charles-2 4 Schaffer Thomas B Slee Robert Stilwell V Scholl E Skinner Hubbard Stine George Scofield Robert SmithF R Stiewig John M Secord Luke Smith A Stull HH nee Seevers John pommers oe R_ Sturcht Christian Teal Lewis Thompson E P Tregilgus John Thompson BB __ Tisdale De Witt C Tripp Semel Thompson Wm Z Todd Joseph Tucker David M Vandever A C-2 w Waguer Wm West James Witkinson Jas F Wi rPTL Wheeler James Wilson John G—~% Walker Dr Jefferson Whidroder Michael Wilson J D Warner John M White Dry MC Williams Thomas Weaver Dr James Whitley D Wolcott Miles Weaver David Whitlock C DG W PWolfi Peter Wells Frank yome ew Work James J Xavier Bouetot Yorty A J—2 Zimmmerman Thos Persons calling for any of the abore letters will please #7 ! “ADVERTISED.” JOHN T, CRENSHAW, Peat Master

t f ; ' 7 reimncpaic ahi ic sericea Se: She Eee ee ae Octavian Hoogs is our Agent for San Francisco. Be is authorised to receive advertisements, and collect and reeeipt fer the aame. Geo. H. Lovegrove is our authorised Agent for Bacramento, to receive advertisements and collect for the same. NEVADA, WEDNESDAY, FEB. 3, 1858. County Finances. Our attention has reeently been called to an article in the Grass Valley Telegraph, in regard te the extravagant expenditures to which the county is subjected in consequence of the depreeiated value of county scrip. The 7edegraph sete down the following iteme: For example—Sizteen dollars 3 week, each, to board the prisoners! $370 for a gallows, that should be built for one-fifth of the sum. One dollar aud » quarter « pound for candles, by the box, when at te her snp they can be purchased anywhere for less than one quarter that sum. We learn that but twelve dollars a week is allowed for board of prisoners, instead of sixteen, Ascounty warrants are selling at fifty cents on the dollar, it smounts in reality to but six dollars a week, to the person who bas the contract, If any reliable person can be found who will board them for less, we doubt not that the Supervisors would give him the ore The amount paid for building the gallows was $238, instead of $370, as stated by the 7el, which would be equivalent to $119. We have but little idea what such a structure should cost, but it is not probable the work could be done for a leas eum. A let of wax candles were purehased some time ago, for the use of the court room, while the District Court was holding evening sessions, and the Supervisors allowed one dollar and twenty-five cents pound for them, in serip, equivalent to eixty-two and a half cents, cash. The candles cost at wholesale, in San Francisco, sixty cents pound; the freight and charges will cost more than two and a half cents a pound, and no merchant could afford to sell them at the price paid, unless he wished to make a permanent investment of his funds, If the finances of the county were conducted on a cash basis, items of expenditures, such as are named above, would be reduced about one half, and a saving to the county of eight or ten theusand dollars a year would be effected. In order to attain this result, two propositions have been made: (ne is, to levy an extra tax sufficient to meet the current expenses; the other, to fund the present outstanding debt. The latter plan we believe will be found the less burdensome to the taxpayers of the county. Farat Accipent.—Mr. Chas. N. Sloat was fatally injured on Weduerday last. at Manzanita Hill, near Humbug. He had just commenced running a cut into the hill, when he was struck by a slide of earth from above, carrying him down the bill and across a flat, and finally landing him in another cut, which was some thirty feet deep. He was taken out immediately. His head and the upper part of his body was badly bruised; his left arm wae broken above the elbow, the muscle being torn away, anda piece of the bone projected through the flesh.— Medical assistance was immediately procured, but he died en Suturday, three days after receiving the injuries. Mr.Sloat was about thirtyseven years of age, and formerly resided in Morgan county, Illinois, Quartz.—The proprietors of a quartz lead on Gallows Fiat, have run a tunnel from Big Deer ereek to their lead, which was struck on Saturday last, Theturnel is eight hundred feet in length, and workmen have been engaged upen it steadily for the past seven months, Some roek crushed from the same lead, taken frem near the surface, paid as high as $100 ton; and it is believed that the rock etruck in the tuanel will pay equally as well. Last week. one hundred tons of rock was erushed at the American Hill mill, which was cleaned up and retorted on Monday, and yielded between $4,000 and $5,000. The rock taken from the lead of this company has latterly been paying about forty dollars to the ton. Le eee er nnn A Gamp.er Suot.—A difficulty oceurred at Allegbanytown, on Wednesday evening Jast, between two gamblers named Wm. Stedman and Edward Hewitt, which resulted in the latter being shot, and it is eupposed, mortally wounded. Stedman, who was dealing, had won $20 from Hewitt, which the latter refused to pay. Hard words and blows followed, and Stedman at length drew a pistol and shot his antagonist, The wounded mau was notdead at last accounts, but it is thought he cannot recover. Stedman immediately left, and was traced to this place, but he has not been seen since the officers here received intelligence of the affray. Counry Dest.—.A public meeting will be held at the Court House, to-morrow evening, te take inte consideration the financial condition of the eounty, and to recommend to our representatives in the Le,islature some plan for reducing the eounty expenees and to previde for the payment of the debt. In a matter of se much importance it isto be hoped that the tax-payers will make it their business te attend. Whatever action is taken in the matter must be taken immediately, as the Legislature will probably adjouca in the course of a few weeks. Scrpsvisors.—The County Supervisors met te transact county business on Monday. The Sheriff settled up in full, his accounts on the Property tax for 1857. The amount returned as delinquent for the several townships, was as fellews : $560 70 . 549 90 . 244 06 +. 796 80 T eee +». 783 40 Wi To Bshdeoas Cbdeb o's ceeds +++. 163 80 a ee eee Townemtr Asnzssons.—Mr. Smith, of Nevada county, has introduced bill into the Assembly, providing for the election of Township Assessors, and abolishing the office of County Assensor, on the expiration of the terms of the presents incumbente. Feorr Tasza.—We direct the attention of our readers, to the advertisement of Mr. Marshall, who has for sale a large quantity of fruit trees, of the best varieties. Pus. Docs,--We are indeb‘ed to Hon. J. C, McKibben for — Polpable Congressioms! documents. The Democratic Sentiment. We give on our first page extracts from several of our Democratic contemporaries wpon the present phase of the Kansas question. A few weeks ago, the San Franciseo Globe called on the Demoeratic papers to come out and define their position, and announced in advance that none would be considered Democrats who did not sustain what it was pleased to term the poliey of the administration, and denounce Sena‘tor Douglas. Since then most of the Democratic papers of the State have spoken, and with # unanimity which we could fot have expected, almost unanimously have sided with the Little Giant. That the Democratic press of the interior, controlled as itis by the honest convictions of its editors, speak the sentiments offthe Democracy of the State. we cannot for a moment doubt. Within the past two weeks we have conversed with hundreds in this section upon the subject, and as yet have found but two Democrats who do not heartily and boldly sustain the position of Senator Douglas as the correct interpretation of the popular sovereignty doctrine embraced in the Kansas-Nebraska act. If we can believe the Globe the Democrats of San Francisco are all of the “Expediency” class, who would not hesitate to violate one of the fundemental principles of the party in order to accomplish an object of doubtful policy. We have an idea, however, that the Globe reflects the sentiments of but very few members of the party, eveninits own city. The statement made by that paper a short time ago, that all the Galifornia delegation in Congress, “‘except perbaps’’ Mr. Broderick, were in favor of the admission of Kansas on the Lecompton Constitution, we are satisfied was made without authority. In Washington city, Dr. Gwin is understood as being opposed to to the measure, and should the question of admission ever come toa vote in the House, we have reason to beNeve that Mr. McKibben will vote against it. We should much deplore any division of the Democratic party upon the question of the admission of Kansas, and can see no reason to anticipate such an event. Whatever may be done in Congtess, neither Douglas nor his friends will leave the party. The position they have taken is impregnable, and the masses of the party will sustain them. Squatrer Soverznionty.—We give in our columns to-day a long communication on Squagter sovereignty,’’ in which the writer gives his views on the Kansas question as it stood befure Congress at our last advises from the East. We disagree in man y particulars with the views of “Democritus,’’ some of which we shall endeavor to point out. The theory that the wishes of the people can be ascertained by the acts of their delegates, ic correct only to a limited extent. And for that reason it has been the custom for many years past, in order to ascertain more clearly the popular sentiment, to submit the organic laws of the several States to a direct vote. States were formerly admitted into the Union by Congress witbout such submission; but es long ago as 1845, the Constitution of Wisconsin.—which wae presented to Congress without having been voted en by the people, was sent back; or in other words, Wisconsin was admitted on condition that a majority of the people voted in favor of the Constitution, The result was, that the Constitution was voted down, and that State was kept out of the Union two vears longer. In the case of Kansas, however, the “representative’’ argument is wholly at fault. we agree with ‘“Democritus,’’ that those who neglected their duty as citizens, pad refused, through a epirit of factiousness, to vote for delegates, have no right to complain. But it must be borne in mind that nearly, if not quite, half of the people of Kansas were not even allowed the privilege of voting for delegates, and that through the fault of the Territorial officers. The Sheriffs and Judges, whose duty it was to register the names of the voters, in nineteen counties, refused, or neglected, to attend to this duty, and the people of those counties were consequently disfranchised. In some of these counties the people attempted to remedy the the fault of the Territorial officers, by a subsequent census and register, but their delegates were refused a seat in the Convention, To compel the peeple of those counties to live under a Constitution whieh they were not allowed to take part in framing, would be treating them as a despot would be expected to treat the people of a conquered province. If Kaneas is admitted under the Lecompten Constitution, it is doubtfal whether the people of the Territory will ever suffer it to go into operation, so great is the prejudice there against the instrument, For we do not for a moment imagine that the General Government will think of keeping up an army in Kansas in order to coerce the people into submission to a Constitution which had been forced upon them without their consent, It is an erroneous idea to suppose that the opposition te the admission of Kansas, on the part of the Democracy, is to be attributed alone to Senator Douglas. Long before the meeting of Congress, nearly all the Democratic papers in the North-western States, had taken the same stand which Mr Douglas has since taken in the Senate, and he is bat following in the wake of the party in those States. All the papers in Ohio, Michi an, Intiiana, INinois, Iowa and Wisconsin, which supported Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency, with two or three exceptions, have taken a firm position against the admission of Kansas, unless the Constitution is first submitted to the people; and we cannot doubt that those journals represent the sentiment of the entire Democracy of that section. Itisto save the Democratic party, by making it stick to its principles, that has caused Mr Douglas to take his present position. The party is under the solemn pledge to give the people of Kansas an opportunity to form their own institutions. It is only by carrying out this pledge in good faith that the party can pont ig retain its ascendency in the national councils, Kansas Reso.vrioxs.—Hon, W. I. Ferguson, of Sacramento, gave notice that he should introduce in the Senate resolutions in regard to the admission of Kansas, The resolutions were to have been introduced on Monday, and are understood to be an endorsement of the position of Senator Douglas. . Grrrme Wxit.—Mr. Robert Brash, who was dangerously injured recently at Montezuma Hill, by a premature blast, we leara is likely te recever. Summary of Atlantic News. The Golden Gate arrived at the Bay last Thursday evening, with dates from New York to January 5th. She brought 461 passengers, Kansas.—The slavery clause in the Lecompton Co.stitution, was carried at the election on the 2ist of Dec. by a large majority. Charges of fraud and double voting are made, and at Leavenworth and other places, it is said many Missourians voted. The form of oath administered was: “Are you at this time an inhabitant of Kansas.” Gen. Denver had arrived and assumed the duties of Governor. The Territorial Legislature had passed a bill organizing the militia of the Territory, and appointed Gen. Lane commander-in-chief. Gen. Eldridge the Territorial Quartermaster General, made a demand on Gov. Denver for a lot of arms which had been taken from the free State men by Gov. Geary. The Governor hesitated some time, but at length gave them up, om receiving a promise from Eldridge that they should not be used until after the election. Advices from Kansas to Dec. 24th, state that civil war was raging in Bourbon county. Several conflicts have taken place between free State and pro-slavery parties, and a number of prisoners been taken on both sides. The United States Marshal, with a force of eighty men, demanded the surrender of a free State party, and the demand was answered by a volley of musket balls. The fire was returned, and the fight lasted an hour, when the pro-slavery men retreated with loss of one man killed and two mortally wounded. The United States Marshal was dangerously wounded, A report had reached St. Louis of an engagement between General Lane’s forces and the United States dragoons, at Sugar Mound, in which, it is stated, several of the latter were killed. It is also reported that the dragoons retreated, and that Gov. Denver had gent four companies of infantry to assist them—moreover, that the free State men, to the number of twenty-five hundred, bad rallied in support of Lane, and that a fearful collision was expected. The stery requires confirmation to entitle it to belief. Conuress.—Several debates have occurred in the Senate, on the Kansas question. Mr. Douglas sticks to his original position ot hostility to the Lecompton Congress. Mr. Broderick stated that he agreed in the main with the position of Mesers. Douglas and Stewart, and would give his views more at length when the question was properly before the Senate. It is umderstood that Dr. Gwin also sustains Douglas. It is probable the Lecompton Constitution will be adopted by the Senate and rejected by the House. The Democratic Representatives from the Northwest are nearly all with Douglas. Resolutions bad been offered in both Houses calling on the President for information in regard to the arrest of Gen. Walker, and a message from the President iu regard te that affair was expected, It is said that Humphrey Marshal will offer a resolution to restore Gen. Walker and his men to their position in Nicaragua. Walker’s echeme never stood better before the country, than at last accounts, Gen, Scott arrived at Washington, Jan. 3d, to arrange matters in regard to the campaign against the Mormons in the spring. A Compromise.—Senator Pugh, of Ohio, has introduced into the Senate a bill for the admission of Kansas which is designed as a compromise. It provides fur the admission of Kansas into the Union under the Lecompton Constitution, with the same boundaries as were defined by the billof the last Congress, It also requires that the seventh article of that Constitution, relative to Slavery, shall be submitted to the direct vote of the qualified electors on the Tth of April next, and that the returns of this election shall be made te the Governor of the Territory, instead of the President of the Convention ; states that the election shall be conducted in obedience to the laws in force on the 7th of November last; aleo provides that the Constitution shall not be so construed as to limit or impair the right of the people to at any time call a Convention for the purpose of altering, amending, or abolishing their form of government, subject to the Conatitution of the United States, The bill meets with no favor among members of Congress. Tue WaLxer Expepition.—The arrest of Gen. Walker in Nicaragua had created an intense excitement in New York, Washington, New Orleans, Mobile, and other southern cities. It is stated that Com. Paulding acted without instructions in breaking up the expedition. Many southern members of Congress sympathize with Walker. It is said Gen, Walker will demand indemnity from the Government for his losses, and also that his men shall be sent back to Nicaragua, and his flag saluted by U. S. vessels-of-war. Mass meetings had been held in New Orleans, at which speeches were made denouncing the seizure of Walker. It is generally believed that Com. Paulding exceeded his instractions in landing his men on the soil of Nicaragua, yet the views of the Administration on his course are not known. Toe CanapiaN PaRttaMent.—The people of Hamilson, Canada, have elected to Parliament, by a majority of over three hundred, Mr. Isaac Buchanan, who formerly caused much strong feeling against him by the expression of the opinion that the form of government of the United States is best suited to the latitude of Canada. Thomas D’Arcy McGee has been elected by a large majority, member for Montreal. Paciric RatLroap.—Dr. Gwin is vigorously pushing forward the Pacific Railroad project, and is receiving the effective aid of bis colleague, Senator Broderick. Nothing but the depletion of the publio treasury will prevent a bill from being carrried through early in the session. Groncia Banks.—The Governor of Georgia vetoed a bill passed by the Legislature, legalizing the suspensions of the banks in that State, The bill was afterwards passed by a two-thirds majority, over the veto. N. B, Banks, late Speaker of the House of Representatives, has resigned his place as Representative from the Seventh District of Massacbusetts, and taken the oath of office as Governor of that State. Mixnesora.—On the 19th ef December, Gen, James Shields aud Henry M. Rice were elected U.S. Senators, by the State Legislature of Min. nesota, A resolution was introduced into the Virginfa Legislature, Jan. 4th, denouncing Com, Paulding for arresting Gen. Walker. The resolution was laid ever and net acted on. Squatter Sovereignty. Mr. Editor :—It is in vain to attempt to disguise the fact that the issue which Senator Douglas the most distinguished, powerfal and perbaps able leader of the Democratic party has thought proper to make with the President, has created a wide spread excitement in the country. Heretofore the democratic party has stood firm and united upon the Slavery agitation. It united in carrying through the great compromise measures of 1850; and is encitled to all the credit of that pacification which it was designed ebould forever exclude the subject of slavery in the Territories from the field of National politics. When Mr. Douglas appreciating the inconsistency between the principle of the compromise measures of 1850, and the obsolete priuciple of the Missouri compromise brought forward the Kaneas-Nebraska bill, in which it was declared that the Missouri restriction “being inconsistent with the principles of non intervention by Congress with slavery in the States and Territories, as recognized by the legislation of 1850, commonly called the compromise measures, is bereby declared inoperative and void; it being the true intent and meaning of this act not to legislate slavery into any territory or State, nor to exclude it therefrom, but to leave the people thereof perfectly free to form and regulate their domestic institutions iu their own way, subject only to the Constitution of the United States,” the democratic party north and south acquiesced in the} justice of this measure proposed by Mr. Douglas and on that issue carried the present Chief Magistrate in triumph into the Presidency.— Thirty years of unceasing strife and controversy, renewed with alarming intensity on every application for admission of a slave State into the Union, had demonstrated the necessity of making some otner tribunal than Congress the arbiter of this most dangerous question. The laws of parturition accompanied the birth of every new Statc, and the Union groaned with the labors of the event, but instead of drawing more firmly together the bonds of affection in the national family, at each period threatened to tear them asunder, Experience had therefore shown that the representatives of the people in Congress assembled, coming together cluthed with all the prejudices of education, imbued with all the sectional antipathies of those they represented ; fearful of their personal responsibilities, were utterly incapable of acting in concert and adjusting the difficult subject. In this dilemma, the eyes of patriotic aud wise men, including the immortal Clay and Webster, men too great for their party, turned to devise seme better and more practicable mode for the solution of the problem. Recurring then to the radical source of power in the republic, they justly concluded that the people themselves who were the fountain of political power, sbould exercise the sovereign prerogative of fixing the fundamental laws of every new society. Upen whose shoulders could the responsibility more properly devolve?) And to whom of right belonged the exercise of that power, but to those who were interested as citizens of the Community about to be formed? In this then the principle of the compromise of 1850 had its origin, and asa sequent, its application in the Kaosas-Nebraska bill of Mr. Douglas, The question at issue now in the new phase of the Kansas diffienlty is the execution in good faith of the squatter sovereignty principle, In carrying out tbat principle two things are to be attended to, Ist. The exclusion of congressional legislation in all matters pertaining to the local and fundamental laws and institutions of the inchoate State, 2d. The plenary control of the people over all fundamental laws and institutions of the society or State proposed to be erected by them. ' The theory of our government is a pure democracy, in which every man votes directly upon every subject of legislation in which he, or the soviety of which he is a member is concerned, Practically, however, this is an impossibility, and we substitute the representative

for the democratic voice. The will of the people is expressed through those selected by them, in every legislative body from town trustees up . to congressional delegates, and a faithful reflex of the popular will is secured by the limitations upon the terms for which they are elected.— . Representation and accountability may be said . to be convertible terms. The representative not only answers for but answers to his constituents, As the agent of those whom he represents he is also recognized in this capacity by the rest of the world; his right to act iu their . name is not to be questioned. If he abuses his . trust he is responsible alone to those who made him; and in turn those who clothed him with the trust are responsible for his acts. As the constituency have a right to demand that his . voice shall be recognized in their behalf, so they must answer and be responsible for bis . conduct. The relative rights and duties of principal and agent in a political point of view should be respected as sacred and inviolable by third parties; not to be enquired into, or ques. . tioned; and at the same time, the acts of the agent should be regarded in this political relation as conclusive on the constituency. Having laid down these premises what are the conclusions, applicable te condition of the . people of Kansas and the Lecompton Constitution, The people having rightfully had the duty devolved upon them of fixing their fundamental laws, were bound to exercise it. It was a right which they should have eagerly embraced. Had slavery been imposed upon them by Congress contrary to their wishes they would have had just ground of complaint. As it was within their own control they cannot complain if they have supinely or wilfully permitted it to be thrust upon them. But as the duty of exercising this right was an arbitrary duty, they had no right to abstain from voting, either in the election for delegates to the convention, or afterwards on the constitutional question submitted. As the organic law provided by Congress authorized the election of a territorial legislature—that legislature when elected was necessarily a legal body, and as such all the world was bound to recognize it. Then, following the precedent of almost every State which A party which has delighted te do him honor for his ability ; of which he has been the idol ams Canale is now found the most ready and rT to divide and . f Congress is to go back and investigate the machinery of the Kansas elections, te supervise those matters which the squatter sovereigns were bound as mea and citizens to attend to for themselves; which the advocates of sqatter sovereignty including Senator Douglas, have boasted that the people were capable of performing for themselves, then indeed has ‘‘squatter sovereignty’’ proved » failure, and the ope which we had,cherished that thie Pandora's box would no longer deluge the land with its evils, has proved a sheer delusion. In this view of “squatter sovereignty” the terms not only meant the le may regalate their own domestic in tions, but they shall doso. Any other view must perpetuate the earnival ef discord to the last of the Union. In the whole view of this mater Mr. Deuglas has involved himself in thie gross inconsistency and has virtually said that having entrusted the sovereigns of Kansas with political power which they have shown themselves incapable of exercising we will now bring them back inte a state of pupilage; or at best a majority of you having permitted a minority to govern, we will assist you with the power of Congress to recover the political power which you have lost. Has not Senator Deugias been the first aud boldest in violating the work of his own hands, the principle of ‘squatter sovereignty ?”’ Democritvs. Tue Conrro.iersmip.—On Wednesday last, Gov. Weller withdrew the name of S. H. Brooks who had been nominated to the Senate for State Controller, giving as a reason, that the appointment was made under a misapprehension of facts, Mr. Brooks had previously stated that he did not vote for Mr. Buchanan, as his friends had contended, and it seems he worked and voted against the Democratic ticket of his own county at the late election. The Demoeratic party is not so anxious te get converts, as to be under the necessity of buying them up by giving them the best and most responsible offices in the State, and we must commend the Governor for his prompt withdrawal of the name of Mr. Brooks, as soon as he was made aware of the facts, The nomination would have been rejected by the Senate, had the name not been withdrawn. Munper i Srocxton.—The body of a man named McWade was found on the morning of . Jan, 29th, in the rear of a beer saloon, Stock. ton. A sack was tied tightly around his throat, and his face covered with blood probably from the effects of strangulation. The coroner’s jury returned 9 verdict, that they believed from the evidence and circumstances, that Jacob T. Elyea, Samuel S, Place, and Joseph Degant . were implicated in the murder of McWade.— . The suspected parties were arrested. The de. ceased was an Irishman by birth, and about . thirty-five years of age. . AEE EE nee Te oe Inp14.—The latest intelligence from India, . presents no new phase from that heretofore received. Luckno® still held out, but the insurgents around were 70,000 strong, and acoord. ing to the last dispatches, the total force geing . to its relief under Sir Colin Campbell was 5,000, but the London Times puts it dewn at about 1,500. New treops were pouring into the country at the rate of 2,000 a week. So complete . is the siege of Lueknow that ne news beyond . a scratch onasingle stripef paper had been . received from it in three weeks. Outram’s forces had been reduced to 1,400 men and with these he had te protect the women . Anderson JH children and wounded. Tuomas Paws.—The admirers of Thomas Paine had a celebration at San Francisco on Friday night, on the occasion of his birthday. . Bosworth Geo It is said te have been a very spirited affair. © . A Cuance.-—C. B. MeDonald has left the editorial charge of the Golden Era, and gone to Weaverviile with his lady, (late Mrs, Potter.) He takes charge of the Trinity Journal. CONVENTION OF GovRRNORA.—It in reported that Gov. Reeder designs calling a Convention of the Ex-Governers of Kansas, to devise a plan for settling the difficulties in that Territory. Contrapictep,—The Butte Record contradicts the report that a bill bad been introduced into the hegislature, de. fining the position of the State Journal, on the Kansas question. TurrricaL.—An entertainment is announced to come off . at the Theater this evening. The company consists of J. P. Addams, the Yankee commedian, Mrs. Rowena Granice, and one or two others of less note, but we judge, of superior ability, making altogether, a “heavy” company, ee Newsparer Favors.—We are indebted to Geo, Welch, who was the first to furnish us with Atlantic papers, for copies of the New York Herald, Tribune, Philadelphia Presa from Aspinwall. Sir James . Allen Henry W . dD . Garfield H C . Hamblen Alpheus By Telegraph. Weare indebted to Mr. Brooks, the tele. graphic operator at Auburn, for the following dispateb : Fergason introduced bis bill endorsing las and Walker; Burch introduced another, en. dorsiug the President ; Chase introduced Seve. ral more, which were rather on the compromise order, and after some funny sparring they all laid ovdl and made the special "Wide oe Friday, Feb. 12th. ee, Pacific Mail Steamship Company's Line, FOR PANAMA Connecting via PANAMA RAKLROAD, With the Steamers ofthe U.S. Mail Steamship pany, at Aspinwall. FOR NEW YORK & NEW ORLEANS DIRECT, Departure from Vallejo Street Wharg THE MAGNIFICENT STEAMSHIP SONORA, Will leave Vallejo street Wharf for Panama, wi), Mails, Passengers, and Treasure, Ua. Friday, February 5th, at 12 o’clek M. Punctually. Passengers by the P. M. S. Co’s Line are ae sentvals at Panama upon the wharf at oe nce terminus, by the Company’s steam ferry boat, and Pte. eeed immediately by Railroad Across the Isthmus, To Aspinwall, where the steamers of the U. 8. Mails, 8. Co, are always in readiness to convey them to New York. or New Orleans. Passengers for New Orleans proceed by direct steamer. Through tickets are furnished, including the transit 9¢ the Isthmus. Passengers are notified that all tickets for the of the U. 8, Mail S, 8. Co, must be presented to their agent. at Aspinwall for registry and exchange, as they wil] net otherwise be available. : gay~ Treasure for shipment will be received on steamer until 12 o’clock midnight, Monday May 4th. No merchandise or freight will be received on board af. ter 3 P. M, onthe 4th, anda written order must be pre. cured at the Company’s office . is ages For Freight or e apply . PTORBES & BABCOCK, Agents, Cor, Sacramento and Le rif ate, A choice of berths on the Atlantic steamers in secured, by the early purchase of tickets in San Francisco, EYE AND EAR. DR. J. W. VAN ZANDT, AVING returned from New York, will resume thepractice of Medicine, and devote a portion of his time to consultations im the Diseases of the EYE and EAR. OFFICE—In Wright's building, N. W. corner of Mont. gomery and Jackson streets, San Francisco. ke Hours—9 to 12 A. M., and 2 to 4 P. M, NSOLVENT NOTICE.—In District Court of the 14th Juslicial District, of the State of California, In the matter of the Petition of FRANCIS G. GUILD, an Insolvent Debtor. Pursuant to an order of the Hon. Niles Searls, Judge of the said District Court, notice is hereby given to alli the creditors of said Insolvent, Francia G. Guild, to be and appear before the Hon. Niles Searls aforesaid, in open Court, at the Court room of raid Court, in the City and County of Nevada, on the 8th day of Mareh A. D. 1858, at 10 o'clock A. M. of that day, then andthere to show cause, if any they can, why the prayer of said Insolvent should not be'granted, and an assignment of bis estate be nade and he be discharged from his debts and liabilities, in pursuance of the Statute in such case made and provided; audin the mean time all proceedings against said Insolvent be stayed. ; Witness my hand and the seal of said Court, this let day of February A. D. 1858. RUFUS SHOEMAKER, Clerk, By Wat. Suita, Deputy Clerk. 18-59 ~~ LIST OF LETERS Remaining in the Post Office at Nevada City, Cal., February Ist, 1858. Published officially in the NEVADA DEMOCRAT, having the largest circulation im the County. LADIES’ LIST. Green Mrs HN Abbey Miss Mary A Varker Mrs Catharine Hall Mrs Harriett GENTLEMEN’S LIST. A Archibald Morgan Askew Daniel Armstrong George Atwood Jabez Avhwore Thomas Avery Wm L Allen Wm Alley George H Barker MC Bowers George W Brown Thomas R Botwin Wm Brad haw Wm Brouler John B Beyer Mathies Brawley Wm H Butler Frederick Blythe Rev JF Brennan RW Burson Isaac 8 Bonham N 8 Sride John Brrne Richard Cc Carlow N H Cleaveland MS Couley Robert Carro}l Joba Clemmands Wm J Coun Ferguson Chandler GC Clute AD Connell John B-2 Chapman Warrin Colburn Hen Jno 5 Courser Henry Chockley James — Culer Thomas Cox HT Clark John Colonen Wm Cry Nelson F-2 Chester John C; Neton James Curran Valentine Clark latrick Dailey Michael W Dalley Robert Daney Wm Davix Solomon Day Henry L Delano Prosper J Ditksow Joseph Dewey Osear—2 Duddle Win Dick Thos M Dunyea Wm H-2 Dickson Henry Dave 8 C E Fister John € Emmerson D L Enders Hanna & Co krma John W Edge Matthew Echelberger H A Elmore Db T F Fairchilds F M Foot Ezra B Fraser Hogh Farmer BA Fowle Harvey BFultonG H Feely Joho Foster Warren Fulsom Freeman Gale John Gordan Jas B Griffin Isaac Galoon Daniel Grove John Gunman Robert Gronard Thomas J Guinew Samuel H Hasbrouck H M-3 Hoge Thomas Haner Lorenzo Hastings J W Hoiliman JT Hancock J J Hartzell Wm Holley Thomas Hancock George Harvey Edden Hollingsworth M Hanna Wm Hayton Joseph Hoisington Cyrus Hanson Peter Hedger Thomas Hunter John K and Ledger, and the Pittsburgh Gazette. To J, E. Hamlin, of the Broad street Book Store, for the New Orleans True Delta, New York News and Times, Philadelphia Press and Harper's Weekly. The Alta Express Co., and J, E. Hamlim also have our thanks for San Francisco and other California papers. J. W. Sutuivan, of the News Depot, San Francisco, has our thanks for the St. Louis Republican, Louisville Journal, Boston Traveler, Philadelphia Ledger, &e. Lecturks.—The first of a course of lectures, for the ben. fit of the Congregational Church, will be delivered by Rev. J. H. Brayton, of San Francisco, on Saturday evening . of this week, in the Brick Church. Subject, Inp1a—terms $5 for the course, $1 for a single lecture, admitting a lady . and gentleman. Lecisiative DocumMENTs.—We are indebted to Senators Chase and Burton, and to Messrs. Hill, Warfield, Caldwell, Smith and Young, of this county, for copies of the annual has come into the Union, that legislature having made provision for the election of delegates to a constitutional convention, the squatter sovereignty principle demands for it all the respect which the people could confer upon a body of delegates, and they who wilfully abstained from participating in such election have been recreant to their duty as citizens and have justly incurred tho condemnation of every good citizen, They are the last who can decently appeal to Congress or the people of the Union, to redeem them from the consequences of their own perverseness. But there is another view of this matter mere important still. It having been now settled as a principle, that the fundamental laws of a State are te be forever regarded as the work of ita citizens, in which Congress shall have no part or parcel, will we now in the initiation of . Rudolp®, in the Democrat building, Broad street, Nevada. . Sanclair James this principle suffer ourselves to violate it, and resume the struggle in the Halls of Congress and in the Federal politice? The people of the Union desiring peace, and fraternal concord have said to the people of Kansas you shall make your own constitution. Will we permit the people of Kansas wilfully to evade that duty, and make their own wrongful act the pretext for renewing the troubles which the compromise measures were designed to allay? Is the Union again to be precipitated into the vortex of disunion by those who have refused to perform a duty demanded of them by the peace and happiness of the whole American people? And yet these acts of the people of Kansas originating in their own determination to avoid the duty imposed upon them by the Kansas-Nebraska act, is made the pretext by its author above all others for dissevering that party which alone has bad the moderation and courage to uphold the counsels of patriotism in preference to those of sectionaliem and faction. . report of the State Controller, and other Legislative docu. ments. SEE aa We would call attention to the Card of Dr. Vax Zant, of San Francisco, who is treating Eye and Ear diseases with truly great success, sinee his return from abroad. Office in Wright’s Building, S. W. corner of Montgomery and Jackson streets, where he may be consulted daily. 18-3m DOUGLAS IN THE FiELp.—It is a fact, admitted even by Republicans, that Douglas’ chances for the presidency are growing brigher every day—it is alsoa fact, that pure Drugs & Medicines, can be obtained as usu al, at Spence’s Drug Store, No. 21 Commercial street. DAGUERREOTYPES.—Those wanting pictures in the highest style of the art, should call at the Gallery of Mrs. J. F. Glass Pictures, or Ambrotypes, also made for those whe desire them. Dry Goons.—Messrs. Steifel & Cohn, No, 54 Broad street . Sannders Geo W have just received the largest and most complete assortment of Dry Goods ever brought to this pl sell at reduced rates. ® is place, which they —_———— es FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TREES! ! THE UNDERSIGNED HAS ON HAND i a large quantity of Fruit Trees, consisting of Apple, Pear, TI ere err N ectarine, . Grape Vines, Currant Bushes, Ornamental Trees, Shrubbery, &c., Which he offers for sale at reasonable rates. RJ yo ge» are = J. fae ad Railroad Nursery, a ose, warranted to order. ‘ J.E. MARSHAL, Agent. 5 Broad street, nearly opposite the residence of J. P. Van D. Nevada, Feb. 2d. 1858,~—18-4f Jacobs J Johnson B G_G Jones Boone Jackson Stephen-2 Johnson AJ A Jones & Fairchild Jefferson Thomas PJohnson W C Jones David E Johnson Barney-2 Johnsen gore 8 Kellog A S—2 Kirk F M-2 Knight John Kelley & Brown Kline Joseph Knowles Lewis I. Kiely Patrick Klute Henry Kredell John King Jasper Kuerr aeety Krenter Phillip Layton Henry Lee Augustus T = Lloyd Henry Leaby David Lingo J 8 Lyon Wm DF Lee Capt John H M . Mann Jacob Meloney Wm H Mooney M H Manlove F Morlock F Mulligan Patrick . Malone Miles Mossman J L Murphy M K Matison Meret Moore W A Murphy Sylvester Mehegan Owen Mc McAllister Neal McConnell 8 T McNulty Charles Henry Archibald Hutehinson Hiram Harper Henry Hickman _— Harris Joseph Manchester TJ Morgan Richard Muldoon Peter McAllister A McHenry W F McPherson Geo F-2 McClure James W McKean David McVey Wilson McCarthy JeremiahMcLain — MeVicker Samuel Neely Samuel Newcomb Levy Nichols 1 R Nelson E Nichols James H-2 Nye John J P Neu Jacob o Oldham John Y Omalia Walter O’Conner Michael . Ogdon James a Oven Jesse Perry Robert H-2 Phillips Horatio G Plummer Warren Peacock David Phillips W Polmis E W Phalen Ryaan Pliley ER Prescott Columbus Platzeck Wm-—2 Ploeg Engelver Purdy James S$ Plaisted George—2 Parker John R Payne Wm Parker Jas C-2 R Ramus John Reed David C-2 Robertson W ME Reasoner BE Renwick John Roby John T Reasoner Noah H Reynolds John Rogers Joseph G Reed John C Riley Richard Roy John A Reed Wm H Riley Frogele E RustJa Severance Geo Southwick Benj P Sanford A Shanklin W Spencer Frederick Sayles Henry Shea Thomas itahi Rev J W . Sargant Hollis Shepp Samuel—2 Stead Wm—2 i Sheehan Maurice John-& 4 Sealan Daniel Shultz Frederick Stiles Charles-2 4 Schaffer Thomas B Slee Robert Stilwell V Scholl E Skinner Hubbard Stine George Scofield Robert SmithF R Stiewig John M Secord Luke Smith A Stull HH nee Seevers John pommers oe R_ Sturcht Christian Teal Lewis Thompson E P Tregilgus John Thompson BB __ Tisdale De Witt C Tripp Semel Thompson Wm Z Todd Joseph Tucker David M Vandever A C-2 w Waguer Wm West James Witkinson Jas F Wi rPTL Wheeler James Wilson John G—~% Walker Dr Jefferson Whidroder Michael Wilson J D Warner John M White Dry MC Williams Thomas Weaver Dr James Whitley D Wolcott Miles Weaver David Whitlock C DG W PWolfi Peter Wells Frank yome ew Work James J Xavier Bouetot Yorty A J—2 Zimmmerman Thos Persons calling for any of the abore letters will please #7 ! “ADVERTISED.” JOHN T, CRENSHAW, Peat Master