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History and Proposed Settlement Claims of California Indians (1944) (35 pages)
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Page: of 35
10 HISTORY AND PROPOSED SETTLEMENT
chiefs, captains and headmen representing the tribes and bands
of Indians in California. Between the nineteenth day of
March, 1851 and the seventh day of January, 1852, these commissioners, acting under special instructions of the Secretary
of the Interior, met with some 402 Indian chiefs and headmen
_and executed a series of eighteen treaties, although the number may be regarded as nineteen, counting a supplemental
agreement asatreaty. The treaties were entered into by direct
and personal negotiations, the commissioners and their interpreters, secretaries and military escorts meeting with the
Indians at various central places in the state from the Mexican
border to the Oregon boundary. The Indians were entirely
untutored and illiterate, did not understand the English language, and the agreements were arrived at through the
medium of interpreters. They made a blanket cession, quitclaim and relinquishment to the United States of all their
rights in land in California in return for which they were
;
TSS PAP ROI RE
ee
In return for their surrender of tribal lands the treaties promised the Indians 8,518,900
acres of land as reservations, and livestock, implements of husbandry, food, clothing
and other articles