Volume 11 (1865) (424 pages)

146 She Rining and Scientific Press. Descriptive Catalogue —OF THE— INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITIONOf the Mochanics’ Institute, 1865, . GOLLECTION OF MINERALS, ETO, —INCLUDING— Minerals, Mineral Oil, Fossils, Carlositics, RMudels, Ete. Coptributed to the Exhibition of the Mechanics’ Institute . of 1865, through the care of Dewey & Co., proprictors of the NintyG axp Scrantiric Press. CONTINUED. 506 A. Graham, Fea Straits, W. T.: 207 W.R, Friok, San Francisco: lot of Minera! Specimens. This entry consists chiefly of different varieties of silver ore from Washo2; also, a specimen of lava and one ‘of coral trom the Sandwich Islands. 324 Thos. H. MMorrew,San Franclsco: ono case Gravel Specimens. Irom the American North San Juan Co. Nevada Co, Cal. : This sample of speeimens shows the character of what is called the cement gavel, which is fonnd in such immense quantity through the larger portion of the deep hydraulic diggings of Nevada and Placer counties, and in other seeone piece Coal. “tions of the State where deep diggings occur. “The samples exhibited are from tbe claims of the American Company, at North San Juan, Nevada county. ‘hey are kept in water to prevent them from slacking and falling to pieces by the action of the atmoshere. i 426 F. Morris & Co., San Francisco: large specimen gold and silver beuring Quartz, : This massive specimen of gold bearing snlurets is froin Sandy Gulch, Calaveras county. t is indicative of a very valuable mine; but we have uo farther particelas witb regard to its location und condition tban that which is given above. 484 Henry Ross, San Francisco: one specimen Silver Ore ; one specisnen Plumbage, from the Silver Era miue, Summit City, Alpine Co, 459 T, 8. Cunniogham, secretary, San Francisca: two speciniess Argentilerons Mining Co., Mexico. a These blocks, one of about fifty and the other of live pounds weight, are beautiful specimens of bright argentiferous galena, from, the Vmelia mine, located in Guerrera, Mexico. 490 Galena, from Emisia A. Layrus, Placerville: specimens gold bearing Quartz. These specimens of rock. altbough tbey show bot little gold to the uuked eye, are nevertheless said to he veryrich. Tbe company owning tho ledge is incorporated under the name of the * Blue Ledge Quartz Mining Company,” and is quite distinct from the Blue Ledge G. and 8. M. Co. of this city. ‘he ~ richness of the rock warrants the expense of hauling it quite a distance for erushing. It is * generally of a peculiar blue cast—hence the name of the ledge. 494 TE. Wasserman, San Francisco: lot specimens of Ore. 498 a B, R, Blake, Sin Francisco; Specimens of Stalacites, These elegant specimens of stnlactites are formed in very much the same manner ag icicles from dripping water in cold weather. ‘he water in this case is charged with particles of lime, beld in solution; this water, as it trickles down from tbe walls or roof of the eave, gradually deposits its particles of lime, leaving then hanging in the form of stalactites from the rock. ‘The water, thas dripping, sometines also bnilds up a pyramid of lime from the surface upon which it commences to drop. Sit 0.1. Meader, Stockton: rich sampics Copper Ore, from Calaveras and Amador Counties. The above entry contains the finest sainples of native copper and copper ore which has ever been seen in this city. They are from the “Union,” Newton aud Cosimmnes mines, in Tuolumne and Amador counties, the chief portions of which are owned by Mr. Meader, the exhibitor. Mr, M.bas taken much pains to send them to this city as contributions to the mineral display at tbe pavilion, ‘They are from his office collections at Stockton, whither they will be returned after the elose‘of the exhibition. The cabinet specimens in the show-case are really elegant. ‘I’ho two samples of filiform crystalization, with their eult, massive and nioss like aggregations, are perfectly unique. The sainples of variegated ores in the same case afford a beantiful illustration of some of the processes of furnace erystalization, which take place under the action of the heat required to raise the per centage of the lower grade of oves to that represented by what is known as copper ‘inalte.” Ineluded in this collection is a largo mass of very rich yellow sulphurets of copper, froin the Union mine, a fair average of that class of ore, which weighs 1,205 pounds. ‘Lhis is, beyond doubt, the richest mine of copper in the world, ‘Phere is also a massive speciinen of the same eluss of ore, coated with blaek oxide, or perhaps a thin flin of bhe sul phuret, which must weigh nearly a thousand pounds. A. very fine brick of smelted copper ig also exhibited, Irom the Meader smelting works connected with this mine. list of Culifornia’s’ mineral productions. 518 0. W. Easton, San Francisco: one Shell Fossit; one sainple Coal, from near Maytield, santas Clara Co, This coal is elvimed by the exhibitor to be of: true bituminons character, aml being fonnd in nea? proximity to the accompasying fossil, that fact is thought to be a strong -indication of the presence near by of a geuuine deposit of hard carnel eval. 519 1, Db, Waters, en Frane’sen: specimens Gobl Quartz, from Egle Company, Amador Co. 545 Charles B-idcrmun, Sin Francisco: one tray and ono box of Precious Stones, / Tis collection is very interesting and attrnetive. Jt shows tho precious stones; first, as ‘they are found imbedded in the containing earth, which is a trachyte of sedimentary depositign ; second, the stone, liberuted from the surround ng earthy matter, und then the same ulter it has passed through the lapidary’s hand. aud heen cut and polished. ‘The opal isa variety of quartz, being composed of from 88 to 91 per cent. of silex, and from 7 to 9 per eent. of water, with » trace of foreign matier,trom which it ciiefly derives its color. ‘Phe color of the opal is white, yellow, red, brown, green or gray The dark colors ure derived from foreign substanees, such as iron, alumina, manganese, nickel, ete. It olten exhibits a play of rieh colors. ‘I'he fine opal, the inust precious variety, presents hright hyueinth, red and yellow reflections. The less cominon varieties are distinguished and valued by their degrees of transparency and lustre., ‘The pure opal, when large, and exhibiting its peculiar play of colors, ip perfection, isa gem of high value. It is cut with a convex surface. ‘I'he largest opal known. is in the Inperial cabinet at Vienna, and weighs seventeen ounces. It is as lurgeus a man’s fist; it is quite imperfect, however, and is prized nore for its muassiveness than intrinsic value. The best pure opals are brouxht chiefly from Zimapan, Mexico, and from the Faroe Islands. ‘The opals now on exhibition represent several of the numerous phases which this variety of precious stone assumes under its different. inodifications. ‘Vhey are found on » mountain culled Stoekton Ridge, about a mile distant from Mokelumne Fill, and in a trachyte strata, deposited by rnuning water, and overlying deep placer gold deposits, such as are usually known as “ hydraulic diggings,” in various parts of the State. They wero first observed jn the earth thrown np while sinking a deep shaft, and the strata in which they occurred was subsequently traced to its outcrop at the surfuce, a short distance from tho sbaft. Here tunnel opcrations were commenced, and it is found that the character of the stones improve in quality as depth is gained by going into the hill. ‘They are found in three separate strata, ubout two und abalf feet tbick, altogether, but separated from each other by a small space of earth barren of precious stones. ‘lhe most of the opals exhibited are found near the surface. ‘There are several stones in this collection, however, apparently of the emerald variety. having a blue and greenish tint. ‘These probnbly contain a noticeablo quantity of aluminium, and glneinum. ‘The composition of this variety of precious stones, when approaching to their most perfect state, is about 67 per cent. of silex, 17 of aluminum, and 16 of glucinum. Lhese stones are found at a much greater depth than the opals—at about 200 feet from the surface, and imbedded in a coarse gravel, ce-. mented with blue clay, ‘The proprietors of this claim are steadily at work developing the same by further explorations. ‘They have much encouragement to do so from reports which they have received from a small sample of specimens which were sent to Paris, a few monthis since, and there submitted to the examination of European experts. The exhibitor, Mr. Charles Beiderman, corner of Howard and Third streets, is one ol the proprietors of the claim, and bas done much in carrying forward the work of auding this new source to the already paren e intends soon to have his collection carefully examined by competent parties, and the various stones properly classified. This exhibition may be elassed ag one of the most interesting in the Pavilion. 633 W. H. Martin, San Francisco: one barrel Benicia Cement; ons Lox Cement Rock. The operations of this company have folly proven that large deposits of genniue hydraulie eement exist ou this coast, and thal California need be no longer dependent upon the Rosen dale cement for hydraulie mortar. No better «Roman cement” can he produced in the world than is being exhibited by the Benecia Cement Company; and it may he a matter of public interest to know that the company is now able to supply the fullest wants of tbe Pacific coast for this important article. 53S W, P. Patton: samples Copper Ore, $40 C. L, Taylor, Sm Francisco: specimen Crystalized Quurtz, from Mexico, A very fino erystaline deposit of sulphate of line npon a base of metamorphosed trap rock. S514 F,R. Anthony, San Francisco: two specimens Cop per Ore, from Campo eco Mining Co. These are very fine massive specimens of yellow sulphnrets of-copper; and give most z = ; uumistakable evidence of a heavy eoneentra-tion of a most reliable vein of copper ore. 458 Sullivan & Cashman, San Francisco: twelve bars of Copper. » These bars ol copper were smelted by N. Haskell & Co., of Mariposa county. Mr. Has-, copper ever smelted in California. This is a portion of a lot of 138 bars (five tons weight), . from ore from the Lone ‘l'ree and Dogier mine, in Hamilton district, Mariposa county. Messrs H. & Co. are now prepured to turn ont from . ten to twelve tons per week of copper bara of ordinany commercial fineness. ‘T'hese bars were from ores of carbonates and oxides, and were smelted at one operation. ‘They possess the malleability, toughness und color of the’ ordinary imperted article, aud ure about 96 per cent. pure. ‘ibis prodaction. in connection with that turned out by Meader & Co., ut Copperopolis, forms sn important epoch in the progress of the metallurgical industry of California. 561 A. M. Ebbets,San Francisco: spesimen Fnei Coal. This speciinen of coal, which weighs 150 pounds, and the one adjuining it,are both from the sane locality. A close examination of these specimens will show the intelligent observer that they are quite snperior to the com mon lignites. ‘he proprietors are quito sanguine of eventually attaining, as depth is obtained, a very fairspecimen of bituminous coal. 564 J. W. Reed, Simmons Springs, Colusa connty: Remarkable Petrilication, and spesimeus of Fossils. Yhe specimen marked A is a terebratella Whitneyi, Gabb, Irom the miocene tertiary formation. B is an inocerainus piochi, Gabb. a fossil bivalve shell, from a cretaceous forniation, and occurs ip immense mouutain musses. C is an inoceramus cast occurring in a cretaceons formation. These inocerami are of unnsgully large size for this species, larger thau any ever beretofore found, Disa specie of ammouite, from the limestone of Colusi county. Eis a very pertect specimen of the inoceramus, indicutive of tbe cretaceous formation. F volcauie glass or “ pitch stone” enclosed in trachyte. . 585 ©. Butterfield, Ashton, Colusa county: specinicns of Native Copper; one Petrifuction, The specimens of native copper and copper ore indicate a mine of extraordinary richness. This mine is located about twenty-five miles north of the Bear Valley oil district, has been opened at five different points, trom ten to fifty feet deep, und shows a width of five feet . at the latter point. ‘I'he ore occurs inostly in . bnuches, no well defined vein having yet beon discovered, Abont fifty tons of thirty to forty per cent. ore has been received from this mine. ‘Phere are quite a number of other promising mines in the same neiglthorhood. The accompanying specimen in this entry is a calcareous conrcetion, formed in all probability over projecting roots or twigs, which have parted with their organic structure and themselves become changed to-lime. From their separate crystalization they have to a great extent separated and fallen from their calcareous covering. It . was obtained from Simmons’ Springs, iear Bear Creek. ’ . 566 Prof. W. M. Gabb, San Francisco: three Fogsi's, . * These beautiful and interesting fossils were . fouud iu Sbasta county, and are known,oneas a Beterie, qnite perfect, and a large fragment of the same; the other is a Raniosa. Two ol them are cnrionsly worked with, as it were, Leantiful arborescent sculpture, which, however, is the work of nature, that has been accomplished in the long ages during which the shell, and the fish which onée inhabited it, has been gradually transformed into silcious and culeareoug matter. 669 Henry S. Macomber: specimens of Plumbago, from Eureka Pluinbage Mining Co., Sonora, Tuolnmne co. These samples of plumbago appear to be of a very excellent quality, and the mine is said to surpass iu extent any similar mine in the world. Large quantities are now heing shipped to the Kast, where the mine is obtaining mueh notoriety for its superior character and extent. The pronrietors are thus opening up another important branch of our inineral resources, and adding still further to the wealth’and commerce . of tbe Golden State. 1 570 Florn Company, Florence tcdgc, Alpine connty: lot of specimens. kell claims to have produced the first bar ol / These specimens are froin the Flora company’s elaim, Florence Ledge, Alpine county, California. ‘hey eonsist principally of sulphurets of silver, with probably somo chlorides. This ledge is offered for sale, through the exhibitor, who may be addressed at Placerville. 571 1. N. Thorne, Seerctary of the North American Tin Company: samples of Stream Tin Ore, from DuTango, Mexico, This sample of tin ore, with the exception of the two large. angular fragmeuts, is what is . known as stream tin, and is washed from the river beds, being separated from the . mass of earth and roeks by its specifie gravity. . This sample is variously made up of oxides, {snlphurets, tia pyrites, etc. it is all very rich . in tin. ' 672 A. Habich: Silver Ore Irom Colunibne district, Nev, This lot of ore is from the uewly discovered mining region known as the Columbia district, situated about sixty miles east of Aurora, Esmeralda. ‘The finer specimens*of tbis ore are what ja knowns copper and silver glance, and are very rich in the latter metal. £78 Gili Poin) Ledge Micing Company; Samples of Ore, These ores are fram ledges located in Reese River, ia Sununit and Amador districts; several specinicns of ores from the newly discovered Kearsarge distriet, to the west and south of iésineralda,are also included iu this exhibition. i 535 A, S, Hallidle & Co., San Francisco: specimen of At+ tanic Cable, These sections show the manner in which the new Atlantic tclegraph cable is made, and the manner in which the shore ends of the same are protected hy an extra covering of stout iron wire. Sections are also exhibited showing the munver in which the coatings are built up in deep sea cables. 376 Dewey & Oo., Miniug aud Scientific Press. San Fran. cisco: jot of Specimens, Ores and Curiosities, Tbis entry consists of » variety of ores, fossils, ete., among which are to be found elegant crystals of rock sult, from a monntain of the same on the Colorado; crystals, almost pnre, of native Alum;a beantilul crystal of Wolfram or tungstate of iron, a rare and beautitni iron ore, sometimes associated with tin ;a smal] speciinen of gold, of the rare and beautifal filiform arder of crystalization, and entirely freo trom foreign matter, is also exhibited ; alse stephunite, a rich and beautiful variety o! silver ore, containing about 18 per cent. of snlphur, aid 10 or 12 of antimany. The only specimen of ore from all the rich and productive mines of Grass Valley are in this collection, und represent the recently opened, but very rich mines known as the © Lucky” and the * Nortb Star.” We have also here a very fine specimen of gold beuring quartz, from the newly discovered lnde located aboat four miles from Strawberry Valley, Yuba county, contributed by Dr. lL. W. French, of la Porte, Sierra county. The specimen is very rich, cuntaining much fine gold. It was taken from un depth ol 40 feet, ledge five leet wide. ‘The rock is expected to average ahout $40 per ton. . 577. Timolhy Iinckley, Jacksou, Amador county: one Gold Specimen, valued at $2,000, The mine from which this specimen was obtained, is located in Jackson, Amador coanty, and was discovered two years ago, since which time $11,980 have been taken out. he gold chiefly occurs in pockets, lrom the largést of which $5,000 was taken. The last pocket yielded $500. The mine has been opened only serenty leet, and has widened from two to siz feet in tbut distance. The pockets seem to be giving out iu the depth, hut the general indications for a paying miue are improving. ‘I'he mine appears to be on a true fissure vein, the eastern hanging wall of which is grapite, with a foot wall of slate. It passes directly under the house where the discover, Mr. IJlinckly, bas lived for eight years. This speci:nen containe more gold than its appearance would seem to indicate. Its specific gravity—an unfailing index—is said to show its intrinsic vulne to be about $2,000. 598 Willinm Williams, San Francisco: Specimens of Copper aul Silver from the Sauce wine. Lower California, Mexico; grey copper ore froin the Giantess mine, salic localjty, This is an extensive and quite unique collection of copper ores, fron Lower Culitornia. The ole containing native copper is from the Sauce mine, located about 200 miles above La Paz, and only sixteen milee from the port of San Brnpo, where tbe steamer John L. Stepheps Calls on her trips up and down the coast. The most singular specimen in the collection is one containing both native copper with native . silver. Such specimens are rarely found in any mine, although native sil\er and native gold has been found associated, and nativn capper iu Plomas connty, in this State. The eangue rock, like that of the La Vietoire, in Mariposa county, je eomposed of a micacious tale, eontaining very little, if any, silicious matter, and ie, no doubt, of plutonie origin, indicaling a true fissure vein. ‘The native copper is mostly found in thin scales or sheets, the lutter at times heing quite massive. This yery singular class of copper ore is well wortb the attention of copper niiners, as it differs so very much Irom the ordinary ores of copper that, unless very rich,it would often be passed over unnoticed by the prospector. ‘There is a large bar of copper, weighing 64 ponnds, takeu from 140 pounds of this ore; also a smaller oue, containing quite a noticeuble quantity of gold, taken from ore from the.sume mine. Tbis vein has been opened to the depth of about 100 feet, at which point it is said to he sixteen feet tbick. ‘here is also exhibited with this eolleetion, and in the same case, a lot of very fine specimens of gray ore of copper from the Giantess nine, in the same distriet. ‘The peculiar character of this ore renders it very difficnlt to arrive ata fair average of its assay ; and as buyers here are unwilling to take much risk, the proprietors, finding . themselves unable to obtain what they. reasonee —— 7 i t 1

146 She Rining and Scientific Press. Descriptive Catalogue —OF THE— INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITIONOf the Mochanics’ Institute, 1865, . GOLLECTION OF MINERALS, ETO, —INCLUDING— Minerals, Mineral Oil, Fossils, Carlositics, RMudels, Ete. Coptributed to the Exhibition of the Mechanics’ Institute . of 1865, through the care of Dewey & Co., proprictors of the NintyG axp Scrantiric Press. CONTINUED. 506 A. Graham, Fea Straits, W. T.: 207 W.R, Friok, San Francisco: lot of Minera! Specimens. This entry consists chiefly of different varieties of silver ore from Washo2; also, a specimen of lava and one ‘of coral trom the Sandwich Islands. 324 Thos. H. MMorrew,San Franclsco: ono case Gravel Specimens. Irom the American North San Juan Co. Nevada Co, Cal. : This sample of speeimens shows the character of what is called the cement gavel, which is fonnd in such immense quantity through the larger portion of the deep hydraulic diggings of Nevada and Placer counties, and in other seeone piece Coal. “tions of the State where deep diggings occur. “The samples exhibited are from tbe claims of the American Company, at North San Juan, Nevada county. ‘hey are kept in water to prevent them from slacking and falling to pieces by the action of the atmoshere. i 426 F. Morris & Co., San Francisco: large specimen gold and silver beuring Quartz, : This massive specimen of gold bearing snlurets is froin Sandy Gulch, Calaveras county. t is indicative of a very valuable mine; but we have uo farther particelas witb regard to its location und condition tban that which is given above. 484 Henry Ross, San Francisco: one specimen Silver Ore ; one specisnen Plumbage, from the Silver Era miue, Summit City, Alpine Co, 459 T, 8. Cunniogham, secretary, San Francisca: two speciniess Argentilerons Mining Co., Mexico. a These blocks, one of about fifty and the other of live pounds weight, are beautiful specimens of bright argentiferous galena, from, the Vmelia mine, located in Guerrera, Mexico. 490 Galena, from Emisia A. Layrus, Placerville: specimens gold bearing Quartz. These specimens of rock. altbough tbey show bot little gold to the uuked eye, are nevertheless said to he veryrich. Tbe company owning tho ledge is incorporated under the name of the * Blue Ledge Quartz Mining Company,” and is quite distinct from the Blue Ledge G. and 8. M. Co. of this city. ‘he ~ richness of the rock warrants the expense of hauling it quite a distance for erushing. It is * generally of a peculiar blue cast—hence the name of the ledge. 494 TE. Wasserman, San Francisco: lot specimens of Ore. 498 a B, R, Blake, Sin Francisco; Specimens of Stalacites, These elegant specimens of stnlactites are formed in very much the same manner ag icicles from dripping water in cold weather. ‘he water in this case is charged with particles of lime, beld in solution; this water, as it trickles down from tbe walls or roof of the eave, gradually deposits its particles of lime, leaving then hanging in the form of stalactites from the rock. ‘The water, thas dripping, sometines also bnilds up a pyramid of lime from the surface upon which it commences to drop. Sit 0.1. Meader, Stockton: rich sampics Copper Ore, from Calaveras and Amador Counties. The above entry contains the finest sainples of native copper and copper ore which has ever been seen in this city. They are from the “Union,” Newton aud Cosimmnes mines, in Tuolumne and Amador counties, the chief portions of which are owned by Mr. Meader, the exhibitor. Mr, M.bas taken much pains to send them to this city as contributions to the mineral display at tbe pavilion, ‘They are from his office collections at Stockton, whither they will be returned after the elose‘of the exhibition. The cabinet specimens in the show-case are really elegant. ‘I’ho two samples of filiform crystalization, with their eult, massive and nioss like aggregations, are perfectly unique. The sainples of variegated ores in the same case afford a beantiful illustration of some of the processes of furnace erystalization, which take place under the action of the heat required to raise the per centage of the lower grade of oves to that represented by what is known as copper ‘inalte.” Ineluded in this collection is a largo mass of very rich yellow sulphurets of copper, froin the Union mine, a fair average of that class of ore, which weighs 1,205 pounds. ‘Lhis is, beyond doubt, the richest mine of copper in the world, ‘Phere is also a massive speciinen of the same eluss of ore, coated with blaek oxide, or perhaps a thin flin of bhe sul phuret, which must weigh nearly a thousand pounds. A. very fine brick of smelted copper ig also exhibited, Irom the Meader smelting works connected with this mine. list of Culifornia’s’ mineral productions. 518 0. W. Easton, San Francisco: one Shell Fossit; one sainple Coal, from near Maytield, santas Clara Co, This coal is elvimed by the exhibitor to be of: true bituminons character, aml being fonnd in nea? proximity to the accompasying fossil, that fact is thought to be a strong -indication of the presence near by of a geuuine deposit of hard carnel eval. 519 1, Db, Waters, en Frane’sen: specimens Gobl Quartz, from Egle Company, Amador Co. 545 Charles B-idcrmun, Sin Francisco: one tray and ono box of Precious Stones, / Tis collection is very interesting and attrnetive. Jt shows tho precious stones; first, as ‘they are found imbedded in the containing earth, which is a trachyte of sedimentary depositign ; second, the stone, liberuted from the surround ng earthy matter, und then the same ulter it has passed through the lapidary’s hand. aud heen cut and polished. ‘The opal isa variety of quartz, being composed of from 88 to 91 per cent. of silex, and from 7 to 9 per eent. of water, with » trace of foreign matier,trom which it ciiefly derives its color. ‘Phe color of the opal is white, yellow, red, brown, green or gray The dark colors ure derived from foreign substanees, such as iron, alumina, manganese, nickel, ete. It olten exhibits a play of rieh colors. ‘I'he fine opal, the inust precious variety, presents hright hyueinth, red and yellow reflections. The less cominon varieties are distinguished and valued by their degrees of transparency and lustre., ‘The pure opal, when large, and exhibiting its peculiar play of colors, ip perfection, isa gem of high value. It is cut with a convex surface. ‘I'he largest opal known. is in the Inperial cabinet at Vienna, and weighs seventeen ounces. It is as lurgeus a man’s fist; it is quite imperfect, however, and is prized nore for its muassiveness than intrinsic value. The best pure opals are brouxht chiefly from Zimapan, Mexico, and from the Faroe Islands. ‘The opals now on exhibition represent several of the numerous phases which this variety of precious stone assumes under its different. inodifications. ‘Vhey are found on » mountain culled Stoekton Ridge, about a mile distant from Mokelumne Fill, and in a trachyte strata, deposited by rnuning water, and overlying deep placer gold deposits, such as are usually known as “ hydraulic diggings,” in various parts of the State. They wero first observed jn the earth thrown np while sinking a deep shaft, and the strata in which they occurred was subsequently traced to its outcrop at the surfuce, a short distance from tho sbaft. Here tunnel opcrations were commenced, and it is found that the character of the stones improve in quality as depth is gained by going into the hill. ‘They are found in three separate strata, ubout two und abalf feet tbick, altogether, but separated from each other by a small space of earth barren of precious stones. ‘lhe most of the opals exhibited are found near the surface. ‘There are several stones in this collection, however, apparently of the emerald variety. having a blue and greenish tint. ‘These probnbly contain a noticeablo quantity of aluminium, and glneinum. ‘The composition of this variety of precious stones, when approaching to their most perfect state, is about 67 per cent. of silex, 17 of aluminum, and 16 of glucinum. Lhese stones are found at a much greater depth than the opals—at about 200 feet from the surface, and imbedded in a coarse gravel, ce-. mented with blue clay, ‘The proprietors of this claim are steadily at work developing the same by further explorations. ‘They have much encouragement to do so from reports which they have received from a small sample of specimens which were sent to Paris, a few monthis since, and there submitted to the examination of European experts. The exhibitor, Mr. Charles Beiderman, corner of Howard and Third streets, is one ol the proprietors of the claim, and bas done much in carrying forward the work of auding this new source to the already paren e intends soon to have his collection carefully examined by competent parties, and the various stones properly classified. This exhibition may be elassed ag one of the most interesting in the Pavilion. 633 W. H. Martin, San Francisco: one barrel Benicia Cement; ons Lox Cement Rock. The operations of this company have folly proven that large deposits of genniue hydraulie eement exist ou this coast, and thal California need be no longer dependent upon the Rosen dale cement for hydraulie mortar. No better «Roman cement” can he produced in the world than is being exhibited by the Benecia Cement Company; and it may he a matter of public interest to know that the company is now able to supply the fullest wants of tbe Pacific coast for this important article. 53S W, P. Patton: samples Copper Ore, $40 C. L, Taylor, Sm Francisco: specimen Crystalized Quurtz, from Mexico, A very fino erystaline deposit of sulphate of line npon a base of metamorphosed trap rock. S514 F,R. Anthony, San Francisco: two specimens Cop per Ore, from Campo eco Mining Co. These are very fine massive specimens of

yellow sulphnrets of-copper; and give most z = ; uumistakable evidence of a heavy eoneentra-tion of a most reliable vein of copper ore. 458 Sullivan & Cashman, San Francisco: twelve bars of Copper. » These bars ol copper were smelted by N. Haskell & Co., of Mariposa county. Mr. Has-, copper ever smelted in California. This is a portion of a lot of 138 bars (five tons weight), . from ore from the Lone ‘l'ree and Dogier mine, in Hamilton district, Mariposa county. Messrs H. & Co. are now prepured to turn ont from . ten to twelve tons per week of copper bara of ordinany commercial fineness. ‘T'hese bars were from ores of carbonates and oxides, and were smelted at one operation. ‘They possess the malleability, toughness und color of the’ ordinary imperted article, aud ure about 96 per cent. pure. ‘ibis prodaction. in connection with that turned out by Meader & Co., ut Copperopolis, forms sn important epoch in the progress of the metallurgical industry of California. 561 A. M. Ebbets,San Francisco: spesimen Fnei Coal. This speciinen of coal, which weighs 150 pounds, and the one adjuining it,are both from the sane locality. A close examination of these specimens will show the intelligent observer that they are quite snperior to the com mon lignites. ‘he proprietors are quito sanguine of eventually attaining, as depth is obtained, a very fairspecimen of bituminous coal. 564 J. W. Reed, Simmons Springs, Colusa connty: Remarkable Petrilication, and spesimeus of Fossils. Yhe specimen marked A is a terebratella Whitneyi, Gabb, Irom the miocene tertiary formation. B is an inocerainus piochi, Gabb. a fossil bivalve shell, from a cretaceous forniation, and occurs ip immense mouutain musses. C is an inoceramus cast occurring in a cretaceons formation. These inocerami are of unnsgully large size for this species, larger thau any ever beretofore found, Disa specie of ammouite, from the limestone of Colusi county. Eis a very pertect specimen of the inoceramus, indicutive of tbe cretaceous formation. F volcauie glass or “ pitch stone” enclosed in trachyte. . 585 ©. Butterfield, Ashton, Colusa county: specinicns of Native Copper; one Petrifuction, The specimens of native copper and copper ore indicate a mine of extraordinary richness. This mine is located about twenty-five miles north of the Bear Valley oil district, has been opened at five different points, trom ten to fifty feet deep, und shows a width of five feet . at the latter point. ‘I'he ore occurs inostly in . bnuches, no well defined vein having yet beon discovered, Abont fifty tons of thirty to forty per cent. ore has been received from this mine. ‘Phere are quite a number of other promising mines in the same neiglthorhood. The accompanying specimen in this entry is a calcareous conrcetion, formed in all probability over projecting roots or twigs, which have parted with their organic structure and themselves become changed to-lime. From their separate crystalization they have to a great extent separated and fallen from their calcareous covering. It . was obtained from Simmons’ Springs, iear Bear Creek. ’ . 566 Prof. W. M. Gabb, San Francisco: three Fogsi's, . * These beautiful and interesting fossils were . fouud iu Sbasta county, and are known,oneas a Beterie, qnite perfect, and a large fragment of the same; the other is a Raniosa. Two ol them are cnrionsly worked with, as it were, Leantiful arborescent sculpture, which, however, is the work of nature, that has been accomplished in the long ages during which the shell, and the fish which onée inhabited it, has been gradually transformed into silcious and culeareoug matter. 669 Henry S. Macomber: specimens of Plumbago, from Eureka Pluinbage Mining Co., Sonora, Tuolnmne co. These samples of plumbago appear to be of a very excellent quality, and the mine is said to surpass iu extent any similar mine in the world. Large quantities are now heing shipped to the Kast, where the mine is obtaining mueh notoriety for its superior character and extent. The pronrietors are thus opening up another important branch of our inineral resources, and adding still further to the wealth’and commerce . of tbe Golden State. 1 570 Florn Company, Florence tcdgc, Alpine connty: lot of specimens. kell claims to have produced the first bar ol / These specimens are froin the Flora company’s elaim, Florence Ledge, Alpine county, California. ‘hey eonsist principally of sulphurets of silver, with probably somo chlorides. This ledge is offered for sale, through the exhibitor, who may be addressed at Placerville. 571 1. N. Thorne, Seerctary of the North American Tin Company: samples of Stream Tin Ore, from DuTango, Mexico, This sample of tin ore, with the exception of the two large. angular fragmeuts, is what is . known as stream tin, and is washed from the river beds, being separated from the . mass of earth and roeks by its specifie gravity. . This sample is variously made up of oxides, {snlphurets, tia pyrites, etc. it is all very rich . in tin. ' 672 A. Habich: Silver Ore Irom Colunibne district, Nev, This lot of ore is from the uewly discovered mining region known as the Columbia district, situated about sixty miles east of Aurora, Esmeralda. ‘The finer specimens*of tbis ore are what ja knowns copper and silver glance, and are very rich in the latter metal. £78 Gili Poin) Ledge Micing Company; Samples of Ore, These ores are fram ledges located in Reese River, ia Sununit and Amador districts; several specinicns of ores from the newly discovered Kearsarge distriet, to the west and south of iésineralda,are also included iu this exhibition. i 535 A, S, Hallidle & Co., San Francisco: specimen of At+ tanic Cable, These sections show the manner in which the new Atlantic tclegraph cable is made, and the manner in which the shore ends of the same are protected hy an extra covering of stout iron wire. Sections are also exhibited showing the munver in which the coatings are built up in deep sea cables. 376 Dewey & Oo., Miniug aud Scientific Press. San Fran. cisco: jot of Specimens, Ores and Curiosities, Tbis entry consists of » variety of ores, fossils, ete., among which are to be found elegant crystals of rock sult, from a monntain of the same on the Colorado; crystals, almost pnre, of native Alum;a beantilul crystal of Wolfram or tungstate of iron, a rare and beautitni iron ore, sometimes associated with tin ;a smal] speciinen of gold, of the rare and beautifal filiform arder of crystalization, and entirely freo trom foreign matter, is also exhibited ; alse stephunite, a rich and beautiful variety o! silver ore, containing about 18 per cent. of snlphur, aid 10 or 12 of antimany. The only specimen of ore from all the rich and productive mines of Grass Valley are in this collection, und represent the recently opened, but very rich mines known as the © Lucky” and the * Nortb Star.” We have also here a very fine specimen of gold beuring quartz, from the newly discovered lnde located aboat four miles from Strawberry Valley, Yuba county, contributed by Dr. lL. W. French, of la Porte, Sierra county. The specimen is very rich, cuntaining much fine gold. It was taken from un depth ol 40 feet, ledge five leet wide. ‘The rock is expected to average ahout $40 per ton. . 577. Timolhy Iinckley, Jacksou, Amador county: one Gold Specimen, valued at $2,000, The mine from which this specimen was obtained, is located in Jackson, Amador coanty, and was discovered two years ago, since which time $11,980 have been taken out. he gold chiefly occurs in pockets, lrom the largést of which $5,000 was taken. The last pocket yielded $500. The mine has been opened only serenty leet, and has widened from two to siz feet in tbut distance. The pockets seem to be giving out iu the depth, hut the general indications for a paying miue are improving. ‘I'he mine appears to be on a true fissure vein, the eastern hanging wall of which is grapite, with a foot wall of slate. It passes directly under the house where the discover, Mr. IJlinckly, bas lived for eight years. This speci:nen containe more gold than its appearance would seem to indicate. Its specific gravity—an unfailing index—is said to show its intrinsic vulne to be about $2,000. 598 Willinm Williams, San Francisco: Specimens of Copper aul Silver from the Sauce wine. Lower California, Mexico; grey copper ore froin the Giantess mine, salic localjty, This is an extensive and quite unique collection of copper ores, fron Lower Culitornia. The ole containing native copper is from the Sauce mine, located about 200 miles above La Paz, and only sixteen milee from the port of San Brnpo, where tbe steamer John L. Stepheps Calls on her trips up and down the coast. The most singular specimen in the collection is one containing both native copper with native . silver. Such specimens are rarely found in any mine, although native sil\er and native gold has been found associated, and nativn capper iu Plomas connty, in this State. The eangue rock, like that of the La Vietoire, in Mariposa county, je eomposed of a micacious tale, eontaining very little, if any, silicious matter, and ie, no doubt, of plutonie origin, indicaling a true fissure vein. ‘The native copper is mostly found in thin scales or sheets, the lutter at times heing quite massive. This yery singular class of copper ore is well wortb the attention of copper niiners, as it differs so very much Irom the ordinary ores of copper that, unless very rich,it would often be passed over unnoticed by the prospector. ‘There is a large bar of copper, weighing 64 ponnds, takeu from 140 pounds of this ore; also a smaller oue, containing quite a noticeuble quantity of gold, taken from ore from the.sume mine. Tbis vein has been opened to the depth of about 100 feet, at which point it is said to he sixteen feet tbick. ‘here is also exhibited with this eolleetion, and in the same case, a lot of very fine specimens of gray ore of copper from the Giantess nine, in the same distriet. ‘The peculiar character of this ore renders it very difficnlt to arrive ata fair average of its assay ; and as buyers here are unwilling to take much risk, the proprietors, finding . themselves unable to obtain what they. reasonee —— 7 i t 1