Volume 11 (1865) (424 pages)

Ghe Mining and Scientific Press, Mechanical.DANFORD’S STEAM GENERATOR. Some months since we noticed the fact that Mr. E. Danford, of Geneva, Illinois, had invented a new steam gencrator, which waa attracting much atteution nmong the mechanics and manufactorers at Chicago, and which promised to work an utter revolution in the present method of generating stcam for steam power. Hearing nothing further npon the suhject, we had conclnded that this, like a large portion of the inventions which aro from time to tine anuounced, had proven valueless when put to practical work. Suchi, however, appears pot tn have heen the case. The inventor, during the sunimer, has submitted his invention to the examination of high scieatific authorities, and to gentlemen of extensive practical experience, wlin have approved of the same, and who predict for it the fullest measure of success. Amnng thoso who have examined into its merits is Mr. Iloratio Allen, of tho Novelty Tron Works, of New York. Mr. Allen is well known as one of the most skillful and practical mechanical engineers oa the continent, and in that department stands at the head of the well knowu firm with which he is coanected. So well satisfied has Mr. Allen become of tho utility and iinportance of the inveution, that he has become the President of a cowpany, which has recently been organized to introduce this new steam generator to the world. The company has started with a capital of $2,100,000, and it purposes to grant the right of using the invention to manufacturers throughout the world, for a reasouable royalty upon each horse power. Jf the inventiou realizes all that is claimed for it hy the inventor and other practical engineers, it will work such a revolution in steam power, thnt henceforth the most valnable and most dangerous of liuman ngencies will hecome the most docile and beneficeut. Those who are interested in scientific improvenieats will fiud it worth their while to read atteatively the followiag description of this apparatus, which we clip from the Chicagn Republican: The great problem how to cheapen steam power and rob it of its terrors, seems to have beeusolved by aa Illinois inventor. We had the pleasure, a few days since, of.examining the superheated steam generator of Mr, FE. Danford, of Genevn, aow iu practical operation at No. 90 West Lake street. ‘There, ia a space which might be covered hy a mediumsized kitchen-table, is n steam engine of fifteen horse power, allcomplete, driving two sets of burr-stoues. and grinding corn at the rate of 271 bushels per hour. This engine is driven by steam superheated to lrom 500 to 600 degrees Fahrenheit. ‘The immense power of this ageut may be judged when we state that steam in the locomotive boiler at 100 pounds pressure to the square iuch is oaly 331 degrees of teta perature. Mr. Danford’s steam generator cousists of a hollow cast-iron globe, 214 inches thick, suspended in aa ordinary furnace. An iron tube enters the globe at tlic top and is conducted down to alittle below the centre where it terminates ina rose spriukler. By means of an injection pump, about a tablespoonful of water is forced through this tube iato the globe at each stroke in tbe form of spray. The spray does not come in contact with the sides of the generator, for before itcan reach themit is expandediato superheated steam. There is no danger of explosion, for no water touches the iron to cause an explosion. The globe will sustaia a pressure of 4,000 ibs to the incb. It never becomes red hot, because the steam absorbs the heat as fast as it is geuerated. Heuce there is no danger of weaikening the iron,by overheating, or burniag it out. K Mr. Danford has demonstrated that there is a positive limit to the expaasive power of steam, and that it is impossible as matiy eagineers believe, to resolve it iato an explosive gas. His generator las now been in use siace May last, and he defies auy engineer ia the world to hlow it up. If this be the fact tbe importance of his iavention in a humane point of view is beyond computatiou. But absolute safety is not its only recomMendation. It is vnstly cheaper than the old tubular border. A 15-horse power generator and furnace, complete, may be furuished ready for use for #200. A steain boiler of the same Twenty-five gallous of water givo the same power as 75in the ordinary boiter, and there is a saving of over 4() per eent. ia fuel in its favor, while so farns appears, it will eadure for an indefinite period. New Catirorxta Patents.— Among the patents issued nt Washington for the week endiug November “thi, we notice the followiag to Culifornia inveators : A Wind-Wheel—Knrl Y. Wongh, of Martinez, wlierein he claims the conrbination of aa apron with tho wind or storm board, by which the effectiveness of the mill is very materially iuereased. A Botile Stopper.—Jolin Woolaver, Suisun, a full desertption of which was given in our issue of the 4th of November ; also— An Instrument for Opening Boltles—hy the same inventor, which was nlso described Nov. 4th. All these patents were obtained through the Muinixc axn Scientiric Press Parent AGEney. . Axsimonia as a Svuustirure ron StTeas.— Quito an interest oxists at present among French engineers, growing out of the late discussinn of the proposition for the employmeat of ammoniacal gas for propelling carriages, aad ‘% patent lor an ammonia engiae has been taken out inthe United States. The gas is condeased hy cold, and the liquid ammonia thus prepared is put in a reservoir, connected hy a pipe and stop-cock with a working cylinder. At the ordinary tempernture of the atmoshere, the liquid expands into gas with great force, nnd when the cock is opened the gas rushes into tho cylinder aad works the piston in the same niannerng steam. It is then condensed by water, for which it has a strong affinity. ‘The quantity of liquid ammonin used in an hour ns an equivaleat to the power of: one horse, does not exceed three gallons, weighing twenty-two pounds. The water used to absorb itis saved and the ammonia recovered aad used over ngnin. It has long been a Iavorite purpose of inventors to compress air so as to store up power in a form capable of easy transportation. ‘I’his problem is solved by the application of liquid ammonia. Great things are expected from this inveation. A Pnaeticat Success—We have recently given Hasterle’s ia vention for throwiag carriage wheels out of railroadtracks a careful test, and are tborouglily satisfied of its prnctical utility. It sayes a carriage from rockiag by slidiag nad slewing nround when driving in or out of the track; keeps the tire from wearing away at the outer edge, aad preveats it from slipping from the felloes, and strengthens: the wheel materially by preventing the splitting of the felloes. With the aid of this simple javentioa, buggy-riding in the streets cut up hy railroad tracks, in place of beiug difficult and dangerous to life and limh, becomes in reality more easy and pleasaat than on streets merely paved with rough cobbles. The iuventor will be ready to supply all who desire with his ingeuious contrivance at the shop of A. L. Batch, 118 Bush street, next week.— Alla. ‘The above is a California iavention, and Mr. Esterle has applied for letters patent through the Agency of the Minino ann Sciewriric Press. A Mecsamicran.— Appold, the English mechanician, who died recently at Clifton, was so much in favor of labor-saving, that everything about his house that could be made so was automatic. ‘The doors opened as you approached them, and closed after you bad eutered ; water came unbidden into the basias ; when the gas was lighted the shutters closed ; a-self-acting thermometer prevented temperature rjsing or folling above or below certain fixed points, and the air supplied for ventilation was both washed to cool and screened to cleanse it from blacks. ven the gates of his stable-yard opened of themselves as he drove through, and closed without slamming. Mr. Appold was a dresser of furs by a secret process, which he practiced successfully for mauy years, aad which secured him a practical monopoly of the trade, and he always maintaiaed that his was a far more effectual way of workiag an invontion than aay patent. Corren Routino In Toe Uniren Starrs. From the report of the eighth census it nppears that there are seven establishmeats ia the United States for copper rolliug. ‘I'hese establishments employ 413 hands,and have a capital invested of $2,470,000. The cost of material consumed by them is valued at $2,537,000; the cost of labor at $157,080; and the aunual value of products for the year ending 1st of June, $3,198,767. A wationar exhibition of industry has been eapacity would cost $1,500. Nor isits saving. opened in Moscow. It comprehends 15,000 in first cost its most valuable recommendation. . ! articles, contributed by 896 exhibitors. ” Inventions will Never Oease. Many people have duubtless exclaimed as they read the long weekly list of “claims” in our columns, “ Will this tide of inveation uever stop?” nnd iadeed it may have seemed to them that tho time must come at last when there would literally be “nothing now nader the sun,” and the field of inventiou be tilled to exhauatton. But still each week brings forth its scores, each year numbers its thonsands of new machines for lightening human toil ; aad the eye of the thinker, gazing npon the present and future necessities of the world, cnn plainly see that as long as humanity aspires to greater conifort and happiness, the fow of new devices will be constant ; that as long as wise laws encourage the cilorts of those heroic dreamers, the inventors, so long will the eabinets of tlie Patent Office beara constaatly increasing weight of their precious burdeu, The spirit of inventioa, like every other exercise of the human mind, spriags from and is developed by necessity. ‘I'he red man invents no improvement in the ennoe, the bow and nrrow, or the rude snares he ialerited from his fatbers, because his wants are few ; but the civilized maa feels the pressure of needs of which the savage has no idea. He wantsa house, and he invents machinery to shape for the purpose the rude materials around him. He wishes for tools to till tho soil, and forges are kindled to produce them. Rising above mere physical desires, he sighs for something more thaa the din traditions of tho past, preserved only in musty mannseripts hidden in lonely cloisters, and lol a simple combiaation of mechanical elements flings broadcast the light of kaowledge, so that he who seeks may learn alike the truths of science or the visions: of the poet, the vccurrences of his own neighborliood or the faint legend of far-off lands, and thusas man advances higher in the scale of existeace his wants are multiplied, and these wants produce ‘“inventioa.” May we not safely say that as long as man is capable of feeling a new desire or a new necessity, jnst so long will new devices be produced to meet them ?~American Artisan. New Parent Inon Doons.—Among the pateats issued recentlyin England,is one for iron doors, the mvention of Mr. Joseph T. Harris. These doors are interided as a substitute for wood, and cnn be produced at almost the same cost. When fixed and painted it will be difficult to distinguished them from any kiad of wooden doors, as they will be precisely the same in appearauce, and will open and shut with equal facility. ‘They are especially adapted for dwelling houses, offices, and public buildiags, and, indeed for every purpose for which wooden doors are now used, their great merit being their extra security, lightness, and durability, iu addition to which they can be made perfectly fire-proof, and are not liable to shrink, asis the case with wood. Tun Brssener pnocsss forthe mannfacture of rails is being adopted at Dowlais, and from which important results are expected. Experiments are beiag made with the view of trying the durability of rails coated oaly with Bessemer steel, and not made entirely of that metal. Ifthis can be successfully carried out, there will be a great saving effected in price, for the cost will be but little more (perhaps £2 to £3 per ton) thun for ordinary iron rails. As a prool of the superiority of Bessemer steel rails, it may be stated that on the South Eastern Railway a steel rail was laid down opposite an iron one, and the latter had to be replaced twelve times before the steel rail was worn out.— London Mining Journal. Can Braxes Oprratep sy Evecruieity. Mons. Achard,a French civil engineer, bas inveated a means of operating brakes, so that they can be immediately applied to all the wheels of a railroad train, by tnuchiag a small lever, which has the effect to break an electric current;-and thereby release the hrakes which are then forced agaiast the wheels by springs. If the loconiotive breaks from the train, or aay coupling breaks, the electric wire will also break and the detached cars will be stopped. This invention has beea recommended to the Emperor Napoleon for the fifty thousand francs, offered for the hest applicatioa of the votalic pile. Tue old hall in the Patent Office is soon to be fitted up and thrown open to the mannfacturers of the couatry. Show cases will be admitted contaiaiag specimeus of American mauafactures iu all their branches. Tus Great Northern Railroad ig about to introduce a system vf consnuing the smoke of the locomotives, and thereby at the same time manufacture the necessary gas for lighting the trains. Two thousand six hundred tons of iron have been purchased in England. for the DesMoines Valley Road. It will be shipped fram Liver-) pool the 1st of February, via New Orleans. ‘Onevcry appilcation for an extension. MINING AND SOLENTIFIO PRESS PATENT AGENCY. For the Pacific Coast. Orrick or THE MininG ana Sciexnmrio Press—No, 505 Clay atreot, corner af Sansome, 8an Francisca. Information for Inventors. : Inventors on this coust having their applications for patente made out through our Agency can aiga their papers at once, and thus secure thrir rights at tecat (hree months sooner than by trusting the tame to distant agencies, ettuated in New York or Washington. The firet question that presonts itself ta the Invent: or, who desires to proeuro a patent Is: “Can Je pay A posiilve auswor to this question Is anly to bo had ¥ presentlneg a formal Piteatlcn for u patent to the GovernUa embraeiny 2 petition, specification, model, dupileate, ae nes, and tho payment of the prescrihed official fees, fa 0 from these steps, aJi tho inventor can do 1s, to submit 8 plans to persons experienced In the business of obtalning ateuts, and solicit thelr opInion and advice. If tho artles fonsultcd are honorable meni, tho Inventor may srfoly connde his ideas to them, and they will inform him whether or Soe euro is pronenly, patentabie. ‘ho have made Inventions and desire to co eh Us reapeeting the samo, are eordlally invited isuease sh shall be happy to sco them in pexen at our office, or to 4 vise them by mail, or through the Minino ana Scirntirto ee in alf eascs they May expect from us an hoaest opinion. For these Consultatlons, opinion and adviee, we marke no charge. A pen-and-Ink ake ch, and desertption of the inv ontion should bescnt together withastam forretarn pcrteee Writo plalu ; do not uso pencl or mala Ink; be Remember that all business committed to onr c: id Reg gh mas, aro kopt by us secret, and atric conned: Caveats, A Caveat Is a confidential communicatton mad fe to t: pee Office, and is theroforo filed within Its secret que he privilege secured undcr a cavcat ls, that it entities tha cayeator to receivo notice, for a Period of one year, of an application for a patent subscquently filed, aud gihich is nae judged to ba eh and Is likely to intorfero wlth the {nvention described in the caveat, and the caveator Is thenrequired to complete hia ppllcHtlon for a patent within three months from the dato of sald notice, Caveat papers should be very carcfully propared. Our fee for the service varlos from $10 to $20. “ The Oovernment feo undor the new law 1s jetta ate ae AEE ns this sui does not apply, as 5 rt of the fee on top a BEeaE B On presonting an apphicatlon inventors will ofttimes find it very Important to take advantage of the cavoat system—the expen: being comparatively email. ag TE 37 To enahlo us to pe Caveat paper, a sketch and description of the invontlan necessary. Expense of Applying for a Patent, Rejections, ete. Under the new law, tho Government fce, on filling an application for a patent, is fifteen dollars ; and If the pute Ts allowed, yeni dollars additional ls required. If rejected, the first fce of fifteen dollars is all that ts dcmaaded. EngNsh, French, Austrian, Prussian §) anish, and inventors of every natioaality, may now obtain patents in the United Slates upon the same termseas our own eltizens. The only diserlmination made is against subjeets of government that discriminate against the inhabitants of the United States. To the foregolng official tecs must be added the Altorney’s fees for preparing the yarlous documents and drawlags. Our chargo for preparing a casc, presenting It to the Gov ernment, and ig to all b with it, until a decision Is given, isfrom $20 to$i0. If the patent 1s grantted no furthcr agency expenses ensues. If tie appileation {8 rejected we causo thorough investigation to be made into the reasons prosented to the Commissioner for refusing the patent. In making this examlnation, our Washington agent has acecss to all tho drawings, models, books and specifications cited In referenco, and we report the rosult as early as possiblo to our client. if the rcjcetion proves to be an unjust one—whlch someimes happens—it can gonerally bo reversed, and the patent obtained by contestlnug thocrao, For thls prosecution we chargo a fee proportionato to tho extra labor involved, Faye able only on the Issue ofthe patont; but our demand will be reasonable and satisfactory to our clients, and wlll be arranged beforehand by speclal agreement. The system adopted by us works weil, gives general satisfactlon and presents to all applicants, rich or poor, an equal Speen of having their patent cases prepared, conduct~ed and prosecnted in the best manner, by experienced ate torney’s, upon the most moderate terms. Inventors who have rejected gases Pigpergs either by themselves, or for them by other agents, and desire to ascertain thelr prospeets ol success by further efforts, are invited to avail themselves of our unequalled faellities in secnring favorable results, We have been successful in securIng Letters Patent in many cases of cach a matter, Our terms far such cases are very modorate. Models, Remittances, eto. ‘The law requires tbat tho invontor shall, in all cases, fars nish a modcl, which must not cxceed twelve Inches Iu an: of Its dimentions; It shouid be neatly made, of hard woo: or metal, or both, varnished or palnited; the name of the nventor shonld be engraved or painted on it couspicuansly. en the invention consists of an Improvemeat an some we only requira no model being known machine, a Yull working model of the whole will not be necessary. It should be sufticlently perfect, however, to aon; with clearness, the nature aad aperation of the invention. 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When the documents are ready we send them to the Inventor by mail, for his examination, slgnaturo and affidavit, with a letter of instruetion, etc. Our fee for preparing the case ls thon due and will be called for. Tho case will then be presented to the Patcnt Ose, and as soon as tlio patent is ordered te be tasued the Oovernment fee, namely, twenty dollars. Inventors who du business with us will bo notified of the state of their application In the Patent Office, when It Ispossible for usto dasa. We do not require the pergonal attendance of the inventor, unicss it is one of great complication; the business can be well done by correspondonce. hen the Invention consists of a new article of manufacture, or a new composition, samples of the separate ingredlents, sufficlent tomake the experiment, and also of the manufactured article itself must be furnished. The averago time required to procure a patent, when the case Is conducted at our agency, is three months. We frequently get thein through In less Ume; but in other cases, owing to delay on tho part of officlals, the perlod is sometimes extended to four or five months, and even more. We mee if special point to forward our cases.as rapidly aa possible. Patent Office Fees, and How Payable. Nearly all the fees payable to tho Patent Office are posltively required by law to be paid in advance. The following s the Dovernment tarléf of fees established awit by On every lon for a design, for 3 y’rs and 6 mos. $10 Ou every lon for a design, for seven years. 15 On ev appheation for a design, for fourteen years. 30 On ev lication for a pateut, for seventeen yea! 15 Oncvery caveat. ..5.-10 Qn issuing each original paten 20 On filing a disclaimer...10 On every application for a re-i bi On every additlonal patent grante: On the grant of evcry extension 50 On appeal to the C: rom Ex ‘s-In-chief 20 On every appeal to the Judges of Circuit Court, D. C. 25 We have had successful expericnee in conducting these appeals and our services are rendered on moderato terms, N. B.—We make out our own farms for applicatlons, ctc., and would respectfully inform all parties that we have nn printed blank forms for sale. DEWEY & CO., Agents, Mining and Seientifie Press Orfice, No. 505 Clay stroet, cor ner of Sansvinc, san Fraucisco,

Ghe Mining and Scientific Press, Mechanical.DANFORD’S STEAM GENERATOR. Some months since we noticed the fact that Mr. E. Danford, of Geneva, Illinois, had invented a new steam gencrator, which waa attracting much atteution nmong the mechanics and manufactorers at Chicago, and which promised to work an utter revolution in the present method of generating stcam for steam power. Hearing nothing further npon the suhject, we had conclnded that this, like a large portion of the inventions which aro from time to tine anuounced, had proven valueless when put to practical work. Suchi, however, appears pot tn have heen the case. The inventor, during the sunimer, has submitted his invention to the examination of high scieatific authorities, and to gentlemen of extensive practical experience, wlin have approved of the same, and who predict for it the fullest measure of success. Amnng thoso who have examined into its merits is Mr. Iloratio Allen, of tho Novelty Tron Works, of New York. Mr. Allen is well known as one of the most skillful and practical mechanical engineers oa the continent, and in that department stands at the head of the well knowu firm with which he is coanected. So well satisfied has Mr. Allen become of tho utility and iinportance of the inveution, that he has become the President of a cowpany, which has recently been organized to introduce this new steam generator to the world. The company has started with a capital of $2,100,000, and it purposes to grant the right of using the invention to manufacturers throughout the world, for a reasouable royalty upon each horse power. Jf the inventiou realizes all that is claimed for it hy the inventor and other practical engineers, it will work such a revolution in steam power, thnt henceforth the most valnable and most dangerous of liuman ngencies will hecome the most docile and beneficeut. Those who are interested in scientific improvenieats will fiud it worth their while to read atteatively the followiag description of this apparatus, which we clip from the Chicagn Republican: The great problem how to cheapen steam power and rob it of its terrors, seems to have beeusolved by aa Illinois inventor. We had the pleasure, a few days since, of.examining the superheated steam generator of Mr, FE. Danford, of Genevn, aow iu practical operation at No. 90 West Lake street. ‘There, ia a space which might be covered hy a mediumsized kitchen-table, is n steam engine of fifteen horse power, allcomplete, driving two sets of burr-stoues. and grinding corn at the rate of 271 bushels per hour. This engine is driven by steam superheated to lrom 500 to 600 degrees Fahrenheit. ‘The immense power of this ageut may be judged when we state that steam in the locomotive boiler at 100 pounds pressure to the square iuch is oaly 331 degrees of teta perature. Mr. Danford’s steam generator cousists of a hollow cast-iron globe, 214 inches thick, suspended in aa ordinary furnace. An iron tube enters the globe at tlic top and is conducted down to alittle below the centre where it terminates ina rose spriukler. By means of an injection pump, about a tablespoonful of water is forced through this tube iato the globe at each stroke in tbe form of spray. The spray does not come in contact with the sides of the generator, for before itcan reach themit is expandediato superheated steam. There is no danger of explosion, for no water touches the iron to cause an explosion. The globe will sustaia a pressure of 4,000 ibs to the incb. It never becomes red hot, because the steam absorbs the heat as fast as it is geuerated. Heuce there is no danger of weaikening the iron,by overheating, or burniag it out. K Mr. Danford has demonstrated that there is a positive limit to the expaasive power of steam, and that it is impossible as matiy eagineers believe, to resolve it iato an explosive gas. His generator las now been in use siace May last, and he defies auy engineer ia the world to hlow it up. If this be the fact tbe importance of his iavention in a humane point of view is beyond computatiou. But absolute safety is not its only recomMendation. It is vnstly cheaper than the old tubular border. A 15-horse power generator and furnace, complete, may be furuished ready for use for #200. A steain boiler of the same Twenty-five gallous of water givo the same power as 75in the ordinary boiter, and there is a saving of over 4() per eent. ia fuel in its favor, while so farns appears, it will eadure for an indefinite period. New Catirorxta Patents.— Among the patents issued nt Washington for the week endiug November “thi, we notice the followiag to Culifornia inveators : A Wind-Wheel—Knrl Y. Wongh, of Martinez, wlierein he claims the conrbination of aa apron with tho wind or storm board, by which the effectiveness of the mill is very materially iuereased. A Botile Stopper.—Jolin Woolaver, Suisun, a full desertption of which was given in our issue of the 4th of November ; also— An Instrument for Opening Boltles—hy the same inventor, which was nlso described Nov. 4th. All these patents were obtained through the Muinixc axn Scientiric Press Parent AGEney. . Axsimonia as a Svuustirure ron StTeas.— Quito an interest oxists at present among French engineers, growing out of the late discussinn of the proposition for the employmeat of ammoniacal gas for propelling carriages, aad ‘% patent lor an ammonia engiae has been taken out inthe United States. The gas is condeased hy cold, and the liquid ammonia thus prepared is put in a reservoir, connected hy a pipe and stop-cock with a working cylinder. At the ordinary tempernture of the atmoshere, the liquid expands into gas with great force, nnd when the cock is opened the gas rushes into tho cylinder aad works the piston in the same niannerng steam. It is then condensed by water, for which it has a strong affinity. ‘The quantity of liquid ammonin used in an hour ns an equivaleat to the power of: one horse, does not exceed three gallons, weighing twenty-two pounds. The water used to absorb itis saved and the ammonia recovered aad used over ngnin. It has long been a Iavorite purpose of inventors to compress air so as to store up power in a form capable of easy transportation. ‘I’his problem is solved by the application of liquid ammonia. Great things are expected from this inveation. A Pnaeticat Success—We have recently given Hasterle’s ia vention for throwiag carriage wheels out of railroadtracks a careful test, and are tborouglily satisfied of its prnctical utility. It sayes a carriage from rockiag by slidiag nad slewing nround when driving in or out of the track; keeps the tire from wearing away at the outer edge, aad preveats it from slipping from the felloes, and strengthens: the wheel materially by preventing the splitting of the felloes. With the aid of this simple javentioa, buggy-riding in the streets cut up hy railroad tracks, in place of beiug difficult and dangerous to life and limh, becomes in reality more easy and pleasaat than on streets merely paved with rough cobbles. The iuventor will be ready to supply all who desire with his ingeuious contrivance at the shop of A. L. Batch, 118 Bush street, next week.— Alla. ‘The above is a California iavention, and Mr. Esterle has applied for letters patent through the Agency of the Minino ann Sciewriric Press. A Mecsamicran.— Appold, the English mechanician, who died recently at Clifton, was so much in favor of labor-saving, that everything about his house that could be made so was automatic. ‘The doors opened as you approached them, and closed after you bad eutered ; water came unbidden into the basias ; when the gas was lighted the shutters closed ; a-self-acting thermometer prevented temperature rjsing or folling above or below certain fixed points, and the air supplied for ventilation was both washed to cool and screened to cleanse it from blacks. ven the gates of his stable-yard opened of themselves as he drove through, and closed without slamming. Mr. Appold was a dresser of furs by a secret process, which he practiced successfully for mauy years, aad which secured him a practical monopoly of the trade, and he always maintaiaed that his was a far more effectual way of workiag an invontion than aay patent. Corren Routino In Toe Uniren Starrs. From the report of the eighth census it nppears that there are seven establishmeats ia the United States for copper rolliug. ‘I'hese establishments employ 413 hands,and have a capital invested of $2,470,000. The cost of material consumed by them is valued at $2,537,000; the cost of labor at $157,080; and the aunual value of products for the year ending 1st of June, $3,198,767. A wationar exhibition of industry has been eapacity would cost $1,500. Nor isits saving. opened in Moscow. It comprehends 15,000 in first cost its most valuable recommendation. . ! articles, contributed by 896 exhibitors. ” Inventions will Never Oease. Many people have duubtless exclaimed as they read the long weekly list of “claims” in our columns, “ Will this tide of inveation uever stop?” nnd iadeed it may have seemed to them that tho time must come at last when there would literally be “nothing now nader the sun,” and the field of inventiou be tilled to exhauatton. But still each week brings forth its scores, each year numbers its thonsands of new machines for lightening human toil ; aad the eye of the thinker, gazing npon the present and future necessities of the world, cnn plainly see that as long as humanity aspires to greater conifort and happiness, the fow of new devices will be constant ; that as long as wise laws encourage the cilorts of those heroic dreamers, the inventors, so long will the eabinets of tlie Patent Office beara constaatly increasing weight of their precious burdeu, The spirit of inventioa, like every other exercise of the human mind, spriags from and is developed by necessity. ‘I'he red man invents no improvement in the ennoe, the bow and nrrow, or the rude snares he ialerited from his fatbers, because his wants are few ; but the civilized maa feels the pressure of needs of which the savage has no idea. He wantsa house, and he invents machinery to shape for the purpose the rude materials around him. He wishes for tools to till tho soil, and forges are kindled to produce them. Rising above mere physical desires, he sighs for something more thaa the din traditions of tho past, preserved only in musty mannseripts hidden in lonely cloisters, and lol a simple combiaation of mechanical elements flings broadcast the

light of kaowledge, so that he who seeks may learn alike the truths of science or the visions: of the poet, the vccurrences of his own neighborliood or the faint legend of far-off lands, and thusas man advances higher in the scale of existeace his wants are multiplied, and these wants produce ‘“inventioa.” May we not safely say that as long as man is capable of feeling a new desire or a new necessity, jnst so long will new devices be produced to meet them ?~American Artisan. New Parent Inon Doons.—Among the pateats issued recentlyin England,is one for iron doors, the mvention of Mr. Joseph T. Harris. These doors are interided as a substitute for wood, and cnn be produced at almost the same cost. When fixed and painted it will be difficult to distinguished them from any kiad of wooden doors, as they will be precisely the same in appearauce, and will open and shut with equal facility. ‘They are especially adapted for dwelling houses, offices, and public buildiags, and, indeed for every purpose for which wooden doors are now used, their great merit being their extra security, lightness, and durability, iu addition to which they can be made perfectly fire-proof, and are not liable to shrink, asis the case with wood. Tun Brssener pnocsss forthe mannfacture of rails is being adopted at Dowlais, and from which important results are expected. Experiments are beiag made with the view of trying the durability of rails coated oaly with Bessemer steel, and not made entirely of that metal. Ifthis can be successfully carried out, there will be a great saving effected in price, for the cost will be but little more (perhaps £2 to £3 per ton) thun for ordinary iron rails. As a prool of the superiority of Bessemer steel rails, it may be stated that on the South Eastern Railway a steel rail was laid down opposite an iron one, and the latter had to be replaced twelve times before the steel rail was worn out.— London Mining Journal. Can Braxes Oprratep sy Evecruieity. Mons. Achard,a French civil engineer, bas inveated a means of operating brakes, so that they can be immediately applied to all the wheels of a railroad train, by tnuchiag a small lever, which has the effect to break an electric current;-and thereby release the hrakes which are then forced agaiast the wheels by springs. If the loconiotive breaks from the train, or aay coupling breaks, the electric wire will also break and the detached cars will be stopped. This invention has beea recommended to the Emperor Napoleon for the fifty thousand francs, offered for the hest applicatioa of the votalic pile. Tue old hall in the Patent Office is soon to be fitted up and thrown open to the mannfacturers of the couatry. Show cases will be admitted contaiaiag specimeus of American mauafactures iu all their branches. Tus Great Northern Railroad ig about to introduce a system vf consnuing the smoke of the locomotives, and thereby at the same time manufacture the necessary gas for lighting the trains. Two thousand six hundred tons of iron have been purchased in England. for the DesMoines Valley Road. It will be shipped fram Liver-) pool the 1st of February, via New Orleans. ‘Onevcry appilcation for an extension. MINING AND SOLENTIFIO PRESS PATENT AGENCY. For the Pacific Coast. Orrick or THE MininG ana Sciexnmrio Press—No, 505 Clay atreot, corner af Sansome, 8an Francisca. Information for Inventors. : Inventors on this coust having their applications for patente made out through our Agency can aiga their papers at once, and thus secure thrir rights at tecat (hree months sooner than by trusting the tame to distant agencies, ettuated in New York or Washington. The firet question that presonts itself ta the Invent: or, who desires to proeuro a patent Is: “Can Je pay A posiilve auswor to this question Is anly to bo had ¥ presentlneg a formal Piteatlcn for u patent to the GovernUa embraeiny 2 petition, specification, model, dupileate, ae nes, and tho payment of the prescrihed official fees, fa 0 from these steps, aJi tho inventor can do 1s, to submit 8 plans to persons experienced In the business of obtalning ateuts, and solicit thelr opInion and advice. If tho artles fonsultcd are honorable meni, tho Inventor may srfoly connde his ideas to them, and they will inform him whether or Soe euro is pronenly, patentabie. ‘ho have made Inventions and desire to co eh Us reapeeting the samo, are eordlally invited isuease sh shall be happy to sco them in pexen at our office, or to 4 vise them by mail, or through the Minino ana Scirntirto ee in alf eascs they May expect from us an hoaest opinion. For these Consultatlons, opinion and adviee, we marke no charge. A pen-and-Ink ake ch, and desertption of the inv ontion should bescnt together withastam forretarn pcrteee Writo plalu ; do not uso pencl or mala Ink; be Remember that all business committed to onr c: id Reg gh mas, aro kopt by us secret, and atric conned: Caveats, A Caveat Is a confidential communicatton mad fe to t: pee Office, and is theroforo filed within Its secret que he privilege secured undcr a cavcat ls, that it entities tha cayeator to receivo notice, for a Period of one year, of an application for a patent subscquently filed, aud gihich is nae judged to ba eh and Is likely to intorfero wlth the {nvention described in the caveat, and the caveator Is thenrequired to complete hia ppllcHtlon for a patent within three months from the dato of sald notice, Caveat papers should be very carcfully propared. Our fee for the service varlos from $10 to $20. “ The Oovernment feo undor the new law 1s jetta ate ae AEE ns this sui does not apply, as 5 rt of the fee on top a BEeaE B On presonting an apphicatlon inventors will ofttimes find it very Important to take advantage of the cavoat system—the expen: being comparatively email. ag TE 37 To enahlo us to pe Caveat paper, a sketch and description of the invontlan necessary. Expense of Applying for a Patent, Rejections, ete. Under the new law, tho Government fce, on filling an application for a patent, is fifteen dollars ; and If the pute Ts allowed, yeni dollars additional ls required. If rejected, the first fce of fifteen dollars is all that ts dcmaaded. EngNsh, French, Austrian, Prussian §) anish, and inventors of every natioaality, may now obtain patents in the United Slates upon the same termseas our own eltizens. The only diserlmination made is against subjeets of government that discriminate against the inhabitants of the United States. To the foregolng official tecs must be added the Altorney’s fees for preparing the yarlous documents and drawlags. Our chargo for preparing a casc, presenting It to the Gov ernment, and ig to all b with it, until a decision Is given, isfrom $20 to$i0. If the patent 1s grantted no furthcr agency expenses ensues. If tie appileation {8 rejected we causo thorough investigation to be made into the reasons prosented to the Commissioner for refusing the patent. In making this examlnation, our Washington agent has acecss to all tho drawings, models, books and specifications cited In referenco, and we report the rosult as early as possiblo to our client. if the rcjcetion proves to be an unjust one—whlch someimes happens—it can gonerally bo reversed, and the patent obtained by contestlnug thocrao, For thls prosecution we chargo a fee proportionato to tho extra labor involved, Faye able only on the Issue ofthe patont; but our demand will be reasonable and satisfactory to our clients, and wlll be arranged beforehand by speclal agreement. The system adopted by us works weil, gives general satisfactlon and presents to all applicants, rich or poor, an equal Speen of having their patent cases prepared, conduct~ed and prosecnted in the best manner, by experienced ate torney’s, upon the most moderate terms. Inventors who have rejected gases Pigpergs either by themselves, or for them by other agents, and desire to ascertain thelr prospeets ol success by further efforts, are invited to avail themselves of our unequalled faellities in secnring favorable results, We have been successful in securIng Letters Patent in many cases of cach a matter, Our terms far such cases are very modorate. Models, Remittances, eto. ‘The law requires tbat tho invontor shall, in all cases, fars nish a modcl, which must not cxceed twelve Inches Iu an: of Its dimentions; It shouid be neatly made, of hard woo: or metal, or both, varnished or palnited; the name of the nventor shonld be engraved or painted on it couspicuansly. en the invention consists of an Improvemeat an some we only requira no model being known machine, a Yull working model of the whole will not be necessary. It should be sufticlently perfect, however, to aon; with clearness, the nature aad aperation of the invention. As soon as the model ta ready, it should becarefully boxed and shipped by express or othorwise, to our address, namely: Dewxy Co., Mining and ScienUlfic Press, No. 505 Clay Street, corner of Sansome, San Francisco, Cal. ‘Prepay expenses and send express receipt to us by mail. Simultaneously with the modol, the Inventor should send us the-firat installment of the Government fee, fifteen dollars, The money may be forwarded elther by express with the model, or by mall. The safest way to remit is by dratt on San Francisco, ed toe to ourorder. Always send a let{ter w_th the modei,and also the remiltance stating the name aud address of the sender. A fall description should also be sent with the model, embodying all the Ideas of the inventor respecting thelmprove. 5 a pent.On the receipt of the model and Dovernment fee, the case is duly regisiered upou our books, and the application proceeded with aginst as possible. When the documents are ready we send them to the Inventor by mail, for his examination, slgnaturo and affidavit, with a letter of instruetion, etc. Our fee for preparing the case ls thon due and will be called for. Tho case will then be presented to the Patcnt Ose, and as soon as tlio patent is ordered te be tasued the Oovernment fee, namely, twenty dollars. Inventors who du business with us will bo notified of the state of their application In the Patent Office, when It Ispossible for usto dasa. We do not require the pergonal attendance of the inventor, unicss it is one of great complication; the business can be well done by correspondonce. hen the Invention consists of a new article of manufacture, or a new composition, samples of the separate ingredlents, sufficlent tomake the experiment, and also of the manufactured article itself must be furnished. The averago time required to procure a patent, when the case Is conducted at our agency, is three months. We frequently get thein through In less Ume; but in other cases, owing to delay on tho part of officlals, the perlod is sometimes extended to four or five months, and even more. We mee if special point to forward our cases.as rapidly aa possible. Patent Office Fees, and How Payable. Nearly all the fees payable to tho Patent Office are posltively required by law to be paid in advance. The following s the Dovernment tarléf of fees established awit by On every lon for a design, for 3 y’rs and 6 mos.. $10 Ou every lon for a design, for seven years. 15 On ev appheation for a design, for fourteen years. 30 On ev lication for a pateut, for seventeen yea! 15 Oncvery caveat.. ....5.-10 Qn issuing each original paten 20 On filing a disclaimer.....10 On every application for a re-i bi On every additlonal patent grante: On the grant of evcry extension 50 On appeal to the C: rom Ex ‘s-In-chief 20 On every appeal to the Judges of Circuit Court, D. C.. 25 We have had successful expericnee in conducting these appeals and our services are rendered on moderato terms, N. B.—We make out our own farms for applicatlons, ctc., and would respectfully inform all parties that we have nn printed blank forms for sale. DEWEY & CO., Agents, Mining and Seientifie Press Orfice, No. 505 Clay stroet, cor ner of Sansvinc, san Fraucisco,