Volume 12 (1866) (428 pages)

The Miining and Scientific Press. 7 Mechanical, IMPORTANT EXPERIMENTS. Mr. Norman Ward, of New York, has re. contly been muking some interesting and important experiments in counection with steam boilers. By permission of the owners of tho eteamer St. Jolin (thn samn whose hoiler ra. cently sxploded), he inserted a number of thermometers into the port hoiler (the one which subsequently exploded), for the purposn of ascertaining the differences of temperaturs, if any existed in the iuterior of the boiler. The resnit of his observations aro given as follows : Below the water Ine, . ++ 00278 dogreca, lithe steam from,. 5 to S00 degrees. 12 Inch. above the rupture of the 29th Oct. 600 degrees, 12 inch, beiow thy rapture of tho 20th Oct. 269 degreca. The surface of thn water in tho boilers oscilated up nnd dowu six inches, alternntcly heating the plate hy expngsore to the hot steam at 500 degrees, und cooling it by contyet with the water pt 269 degrees. Jtis fearful to cootemplate when we now know that a sudden chango of 23] degrees is constantly ocenrring in these boilers; and tlic certaiu effect must he, with such expansion and contraction. to permancutly weaken ths plates of the boiler. Theso experitoents have already created a great sensation among boiler-mukers and engineers, and a large number of well known mechanics have examined the experiment for tbemeelves and expressed great surprise at the new and practical discovery. A similar classof experimeots was made some time since by Chas. Wyn Williams, Esq., who hag been the managing engineer of tho Duhlin Steam-packet line for many years. Ilis experiments were made for ao entirely differeot eod from that had in view by Mr. Wiard, and wero conducted nt n low range of temperaturs—from 90° to 120° Fah. His conclosioos, however, were, that after hoth the steam and water had reached 212 degrees of temperature, there was thenceforward no perceptible variation of heat between the steam and water areas io the hoiler. Je states that when hotb thermometers iodicated a tempernturo of 218°, they would both fall simultane. ously to 212,0n the steam being allowed to escape. These experiments are very importaot, aod should be repeated, for verificatioo, by u disiuterested party. Mr. Wiard claims that he has disevvered n method by which the engineer can equalize the temperature in his boilers, at will, so as to avoid the risk of explosioo froin its ineqnality ; and hig experiments liave been made to prove that such inequality does exist. Will not some of our San Francisco machinists or engineers, who can have no ulterior object in view, as an tnducement to produce one or the other result, repeat the experiments in this city. Ths cost would be trifling, while the practical results might he of immense importancs, and they certainly would elicit 1 very great degree of interest. An Inrortant Brancw or Carirornta Invextioy.—On Fremont street, near Market, Messrs. Bryaot, Strahan & McHachren have recently started an establishmeot for the manufacture of looking-glass aod picture frames. These fromes are there made in all the various etyles and sizes, from the cheapest woed to the richest hurnished aod gilt. Heretofore, we helieve, with the exception of one estabmeot, which has manufactured principally for their owo use, these frames hnve heen imported from Europe or the Eastern States. But Mr. McEachreo, one of the members of the abovenamed firm, having been eugaged io this branch of industry from his boyhood, conceived the idea of starting an establishment of sufficient capacity to supply the largely-increasing demand of this entire market. Hs has invented eoime new machinery, connected witb this branch of manufacture, whereby a great amount of labor is saved over the old process. By the use of this improvement, nnd the energy of the individual meinbers of the firm, the coinpany is pow doing a good business, and employing some twenty men in the varions departments of enaineling, moulding, and gilding ; and hope soon to beable to supply the wants of the entire Pacific coast for this class of merchandise, thus adding another link to the great chain of snpplying our own wants by our owo industry. We wish the compaoy abundaot enccess in their new enterprise. SKILLED LABOR FROM ENGLAND, The English papers and manpfactnrers are noting with no smull degree of alarm the present rapid emigration of ekilled labor fro1o England to the United States, and nrs already heginning to lonk upon itin the nature of p publie calamity. A lats issus of the Londoo Times, in commenting upoo this moveinent, says: ‘‘Itis heginuning to be a frequent occurrence for forty or fifty hands to leave at svery pay-day, from ths principal iron aed cnal works of the district. This is said while speakiug of the districts of South Wales, whers thero are famoos treasures of iron, copper and coal, and where ths workmen are as well skilled and as iodependent as any in tho Kingdom. This emigration has heeo so great nnd so long continued that so great a scarcity of skilled workmeo has heen produced as to enable the ‘strikers to so advunce the rate of wages ag to admit even of the introduction of foreign iroo into English manufacturiog establishinents. his latter fact is fully ndmitted io a cirenlar recently issued by ono of the largest firms of iroo dealersin the city of London. Jo this circular it is stated that foreigners have delivered special descriptions even into the very ceotre of the iron districte, and have ulso profitably supplied from foreign sources many castiogs that would dcrange and interfere with the appliaoces of an English iroofouoder, such as cao now be made io England only at a greatly increased price. A single steamship, tho Kaogaroo, recently arrived at New York from Liverpool, with over one hundred and fifty artisans and factory hands from Enzlaed and Ireland, who enme to seek employmeot in the great manuacturing centers of the New England States, and aid in developiog ths ropidly iocreasing commercinl interests of the Union. So great is ths annoyaocs to English iron masters and mannfacturers, which has grown ont of this continued restlessness of workmeo there, that agents have even been sent to this country to tempt the workers io iroo hack agaio to Europe ; hoping by the return of such meo to deter others from going abroad. Hitherto the efforts of Americans have heeo chiefly directed to protective duties and a decrease of the price of home labor, to eonhle our people to compete io our own and the markets of the world, with foreign manufactures. Tbe plan now igto create such a demand for foreign labor here, as to bring up the price of labor in Europe to something near our own standard; and thus prevent foreigners from supplying the markets of the world with manufactured goods through the aid of cheap labor and at the expense of the hetter ond well paid labor of the United States. This condition of things is being bronght about by a well orgaoized emigration agency, and will have the effect to hreak up the oppressive systeni under whicb the English mechanic has hitherto heen compelled to employ his labor at less than half its value. to build up and perpetuate the great ooeyed aristocracy of Kogland. A BINISTERIAL order has heen issued in France that only utensils tinoéd with pure tio should be used in the military hospitals, aed M. Jeaonel gives the following process for detecting small quaotities of lead io tin. He treats five decigrammes of the metal filed off with ao excess of nitric acid diluted with three times its weight of water, boils the mixture, filters, and then drops into the solution p erystal of iodide of potassium: If only one tenthousandth of lead is preseot, a yellow precipitate is formed, which does not disappear ou adding an excess of ammonia. New Patent Locx.—The Amador Dispatch says a barglar-proof lock, patented by W. Cc Bussy, of Jackson, is pronounced by compe. tent judges to be the very best ever invented. The tock needs no key,and is const: ucted on a new principle. The inventor, we are informed, van instruct any one to fix it so that he cap uoluck it himself. He defies any person not so iostructed to open the lock by fair or foul means. Straightening Shafts. It often happens in ths bnsiness of thn hiuchina shop thut iron shifts lave to be streightened before they are turued. It is custowary in most places to uso a common sledge, nud hunumer nwuy until the task is completed. ‘The consequsuce is tlut many blows ors struck before thn object is accotuplished, and the work is braised aed greutly injured. A much better plun practised in some shops, hut not so geuerally as it should be, is to buve a large screw set iun frame, on a cast-iron bed. ‘T'be shalts nre pat under this screw, and adjusted to suit circumstances. Ons tarn of it will do more work, of a better quality, than much hainmeritg. Not only this,.hut by pntting tho shaft under the srrew aud measuring before correcting it, the joh cau he done ut onee with one settiog, so that it will bo unnecessary to take it out und put it in the lathe severul tines. Large shulting that has to be ltcated belure it cuu bs struightened, may be beut reudily wheo cold, under the screw press. It is also common to straighten shafting by “peaning ;” thut is to say, by hammering it on the hollow side, or the reverse of the procass ordiuarily etnployed. It looks odd to see a matt hatimeriny a shalt on the hent side to mako it struight, but the philosophy of it is rational. By striking on the hollow side the scule, or skit more properly, is expanded, aod, being thus the longest,compels the shaft to bend toward the round side, has making it straight. ‘I'he blows must be light, however, or else the operation will oot he successful; moreover, if the shaft be turned afterwurds so us to remove the scale, it will ruo out of truth again, acd the work be spoiled. It often happens that rods or connectioos require to be “off-set” so as to comein properly. Though the “ off-set" is always avoided where it can be, uothing is more couvenient to bend a rod with than a screw press. By it all blackening and bruising of the hright work in the blacksinith shopis done away with, and the job is so much cheaper in consequence. For straightening shafts, however, there is nothing equal to the screw press, aod we recomnieud those who have not tried it to build or buy ooe without delay.— Exchange. Ineroven Prow—A Carirornia Invention. Mr. John Mott, of Contra Costa county, oear Danville, has iovented a new and jogeoious double-revolving plow. ‘Ihe plows, two io puinher, are placed one ahove the otber, upon a horizootal axis, under the beam and parallel to it. Its operatioo is as follows: After the plow has passed across the field, and torned for the returo furrow, by the touch of a spriog the plow not in use, aod which turns ao opposite furrow, falls dowo from where it is, suspended, while tbe team, io starting, brings up the one which has just been in use, aod places it io a position where it is locked, awaitiog the next turn of the team. The inveotion isa very simple one, and promises to he of great value for plowing gardens or lands which have heeu feoced, as well as ground whero dead furrows are objected to. Licar Ramroan Locosotives.—Mons. M. Monette, a Porisiao eogioeer, proposes to lay ight rails on a narrow guage—shout forty Inches—on the sides of the old bighways; and to work on tbem with small locomotives of four to five tons, or with horses in some cases. His plan seems much like what has heen long io practice in most of the principal cities of this country, with horse-power, aod for some years with dummy cars, and mnre recently with small traction cogines. A Woov-Spuirtino Macnine.—Pierce’s patent—an Eastern invention—is now in operation in Sacramento, at the coroer of Second aod L streets, and which, says tbe Bee, is attracting coosiderable attentioo. It consists of aknife oothe eodof a lover driven hy steam, and works well. Ooe man splits with it ten or twelve cords of sawed wood. New Fosince Merat.— Dr. C. BR. Von Hover has lound that an alloy of cad: inm 224 parts, lead 5175, tin 295. and biamath 1050. willmelt at 149.99 Fahr. An alloy of cadmium three. and four each of tin, lead, and biswaoth, l fuses at 153.59, An allay of cadminm one, . with two each of the others. ar an alloy af one ofeach of the foar abel on oy bey all become pasty at lower temperatures, ond all oxydize rapidly in water. . reetal-. fn-es MINING AND SOIENTIFIO PRESS PATENT AGENCY. For the Pacifie Coast. Orrice oy TRE MINING AND Bciextivio Press—No. 505 Clay street, corner of Sansome, San Franclaco. Information for Inventors! Inventore on this enast hartng thelr applications for patents made out through our Agency oan sign their papers at once, and thus secure their rights at trast three montha enoner than by trusting the sane to distant agencies, situated in New York or Washington. The first qnestlon that presents Itself to the Inventer, who desires to procure o pace Ix: “Wan lobtaln a atent?” A positive answer to thts question ls only to be had y Presenting a forma] appileation for a patent to the Governmeht.embracing a petiiion, speciticatlon, model, duplicate, drawings, and the payment of the prescribed official fees. Aside from these ateps, all the Inventor ean do Is, te snbmilt his plans to persons experienced lithe bus!nessof obtaining patents, and eollelt thelr opinion and advice. 1f the partley flongulted nre honorable men, the Inventor may safely coande hia ldcas to them, and they wl)i Inform him whether or eot his Invention ls prebably patentable, Those who have made Inventions and desire to eensult with us respecting the same, arc cordlally invited to do so. We shull be hanpy to see them In perce at our office, or te advise them by mnill, or through the Minixe anp ScinNtTIFIC Press. In all cases they may expect trom us an honest opinion. For these conaullations, opinicn and advice, we make ne charge. A poner lay sketch, and description of the Inventlon should desent together with astamp for return ENS Write plain ; donot use pencilor pale Ink; be rief. that all bus! Itted te our care, and all AER are kept by us secret, aad strictly confiden. tlal Caveats. A Cavent is a confidentral eommanicntlen made to the Patent Office, and ls therefore filed within Its secret arcblves, The privilege securcd under a caveat Is, that It entitles tho caveator to recelve notice, for a perlud of one year, of an’ npplication tor a patent subsequently filed, and which Is adjudged to be novel, and ts likely to Interfere with the tnVention described in the caveat, and tho caveator {a then re. quired to complete his application for a patent within three months from the date of sald nctice. Caveat papers should be very faire pareds Our fee for the servlee variea from $10 to $20. "The Government tee under the new law is reduced to ten dollars; and this sum does not apply, as heretofore, as part of the fee oa presentlug aa application for a patent. Inventors wlll ofttlmes find lt very Important te tako advantage of the caveat system—the expense uader the law belng eomparatively small. To enable us lo prepare caveat paper, we only require a sketch and description of the Invention; no model being Necessary. Expenee of Applying for a Patent, Rejections, ete. Under tho new law, the Government fee, on fillng an application for a pntent, Is fiftcen dollars ; and if the patent ja allowed, tweaty dollars additional 1s Be guireus If rejected, the first fee of fifteen dollars {s ail that is demanded. English, French, Austrian, Prusslan Spanish, and inventors of every natlonallty, may now obtain patents in tho United States upon the same terins as our own citizens. The only discrimination mado Is agalnst subjeetsof government that discriminate agalnat the inhabitants of the United States. To the foregoing ofielal fees must be added the Attorney'a fees for preparing tho varlous documents and drawings. Our eharge for preparing a case, presenting Itto the Cov ernment, and attending to all business coanected with It, untll a decision ls given, Isfrom $20to $40. If the patent is grantted no further ageney expenses ensues. If the appllcation Is reiected we cause thorough investlgatioa to be miade Into the reasons presented to the Cominissioner for refusing the patent. In maklng thls examinatlon, our WashIngton agent has access to all the drawings, models, hooks and specifications clted In reference, and we report the result a8 eari7 as possible to oar client. ff the rejection proves to be an unjust one—which sometlmes happens—it can generally be reversed, and the patent ohtalned by contesting the case. For this prosccutlon we charge a fec proportionate to the extra labor involved, payable only on the issue ofthe patent ; but our demand will bo rensonable_ and satisfactory to our clients, aad will be arranged beforehand by special agreement. The system adopted by us works well, glves genera) satlsfaction and presents to all applicants, rich or poor, an equal cppertunity of having thelr patont eases prepared, eonductoH aad prosecuted In the best manner, by experlenced ate torney's, upou the most moderate terms. Inventers who have rejected cases, prepared clther by themselves, or for them by other agents, and desire to ascertala their prospects of success by further efforts, are Invited to avall themselves of our anequalled facllitics In securing favorable rebults. We have been successful la securing tters Patent In many cases of such a matter. Our terms tor such cases are very moderate. Modele, Remittances, eto. The law reqaires that the Javentor shall, In all cases, fnrnish a model, which must not exceed twelve inches In any of Its dimentions; It should be aeatiy made, ot hard wood or metal, or both, varnished or palnted; the name of the nventor should be engraved or palnted on It conspicuously. When the Invention consists of an Improvemeat oa some known machine, a full working model of the whole will act be necessary. It should be sufticiently perfect, however, te show, with clearness, tbo aature and opcratloa of the invention. ‘As s90n as the model {s ready, It should becarefully boxed and shipped by express or otherwise, to our address, namely: Drwny & Co., Mining and Sclentlfic Press, No. 605 Clay Street, corner ot Sansome, San Franelsce, Cal. Prepay expenscs and send express receipt to us by mall. Simultaneously with the model, the ia ventor should send us the first Installment of the Covernment fee, fifteen dol. 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Inventors who dv business with us will be notified of the state of their application in the Patent Office, when It ls possihle for ustodoso. We do not require tho personal attend. ance of the Inventor, unless it is ono of great eomplleation; the busincss can be well done by correspondence. When the invention consists of a new articlo of manufactnre, or a new composition, samples of the separate ingredlents, sufficient tomake the experlment, and alsocf the maaufactured article Itself must be furnished. The average time required to procure a patent, whea the case Is conducted at our ageacy, Is three months, We frequently get them through in less time ; but In other eases, owing to delay on the part of efficlals, the perlod ls somelimes extended to four or five months, andeven more. We make 4 special point to forward eur cases as rapldly aa ossible. : Patent Office Fees, and How Payable. Nearly all the fees payable te the Patent Offiee are posltively required by law to be pald la advance. The tollowlng ls the Oovernmeat tarlff of fees established by law: On every ap On every ap) On every ap plication for a desien, for 3 y'rs and 6 mos. $ plication for a design, for seven years. lication fer a desisn, for fourteen ye: On every application for u eut, for seventeen ye On every caveat. On issuing each o 10 16 On every app. On every additional pa Oucvery application for an extension On the grant of every extension. rere ss B On appeul to the Ce from Ex lef 20 On every appeal to the Judges of Clreuit Court, D.C. 2 We have had suecessful experience In conducting these apneals and our services are rendered on moderate terms. N. B —We imoke out onr own forms for applications, etc. pud wold res ectlully invurm all par tes tha, we lave no printed blank forms for sale. DEWEY & CO., Agents. Mining aud Scientific Press Oftice, No, 505 Clay street, cor ner ut Sansome, San Francisco.

The Miining and Scientific Press. 7 Mechanical, IMPORTANT EXPERIMENTS. Mr. Norman Ward, of New York, has re. contly been muking some interesting and important experiments in counection with steam boilers. By permission of the owners of tho eteamer St. Jolin (thn samn whose hoiler ra. cently sxploded), he inserted a number of thermometers into the port hoiler (the one which subsequently exploded), for the purposn of ascertaining the differences of temperaturs, if any existed in the iuterior of the boiler. The resnit of his observations aro given as follows : Below the water Ine, . ++ 00278 dogreca, lithe steam from,.. 5 to S00 degrees. 12 Inch. above the rupture of the 29th Oct. 600 degrees, 12 inch, beiow thy rapture of tho 20th Oct. 269 degreca. The surface of thn water in tho boilers oscilated up nnd dowu six inches, alternntcly heating the plate hy expngsore to the hot steam at 500 degrees, und cooling it by contyet with the water pt 269 degrees. Jtis fearful to cootemplate when we now know that a sudden chango of 23] degrees is constantly ocenrring in these boilers; and tlic certaiu effect must he, with such expansion and contraction. to permancutly weaken ths plates of the boiler. Theso experitoents have already created a great sensation among boiler-mukers and engineers, and a large number of well known mechanics have examined the experiment for tbemeelves and expressed great surprise at the new and practical discovery. A similar classof experimeots was made some time since by Chas. Wyn Williams, Esq., who hag been the managing engineer of tho Duhlin Steam-packet line for many years. Ilis experiments were made for ao entirely differeot eod from that had in view by Mr. Wiard, and wero conducted nt n low range of temperaturs—from 90° to 120° Fah. His conclosioos, however, were, that after hoth the steam and water had reached 212 degrees of temperature, there was thenceforward no perceptible variation of heat between the steam and water areas io the hoiler. Je states that when hotb thermometers iodicated a tempernturo of 218°, they would both fall simultane. ously to 212,0n the steam being allowed to escape. These experiments are very importaot, aod should be repeated, for verificatioo, by u disiuterested party. Mr. Wiard claims that he has disevvered n method by which the engineer can equalize the temperature in his boilers, at will, so as to avoid the risk of explosioo froin its ineqnality ; and hig experiments liave been made to prove that such inequality does exist. Will not some of our San Francisco machinists or engineers, who can have no ulterior object in view, as an tnducement to produce one or the other result, repeat the experiments in this city. Ths cost would be trifling, while the practical results might he of immense importancs, and they certainly would elicit 1 very great degree of interest. An Inrortant Brancw or Carirornta Invextioy.—On Fremont street, near Market, Messrs. Bryaot, Strahan & McHachren have recently started an establishmeot for the manufacture of looking-glass aod picture frames. These fromes are there made in all the various etyles and sizes, from the cheapest woed to the richest hurnished aod gilt. Heretofore, we helieve, with the exception of one estabmeot, which has manufactured principally for their owo use, these frames hnve heen imported from Europe or the Eastern States. But Mr. McEachreo, one of the members of the abovenamed firm, having been eugaged io this branch of industry from his boyhood, conceived the idea of starting an establishment of sufficient capacity to supply the largely-increasing demand of this entire market. Hs has invented eoime new machinery, connected witb this branch of manufacture, whereby a great amount of labor is saved over the old process. By the use of this improvement, nnd the energy of the individual meinbers of the firm, the coinpany is pow doing a good business, and employing some twenty men in the varions departments of enaineling, moulding, and gilding ; and hope soon to beable to supply the wants of the entire Pacific coast for this class of merchandise, thus adding another link to the great chain of snpplying our own wants by our owo industry. We wish the compaoy abundaot enccess in their new enterprise. SKILLED LABOR FROM ENGLAND, The English papers and manpfactnrers are noting with no smull degree of alarm the present rapid emigration of ekilled labor fro1o England to the United States, and nrs already heginning to lonk upon itin the nature of p publie calamity. A lats issus of the Londoo Times, in commenting upoo this moveinent, says: ‘‘Itis heginuning to be a frequent occurrence for forty or fifty hands to leave at svery pay-day, from ths principal iron aed cnal works of the district. This is said while speakiug of the districts of South Wales, whers thero are famoos treasures of iron, copper and coal, and where ths workmen are as well skilled and as iodependent as any in tho Kingdom. This emigration has heeo so great nnd so long continued that so great a scarcity of skilled workmeo has heen produced as to enable the ‘strikers to so advunce the rate of wages ag to admit even of the introduction of foreign iroo into English manufacturiog establishinents. his latter fact is fully ndmitted io a cirenlar recently issued by ono of the largest firms of iroo dealersin the city of London. Jo this circular it is stated that foreigners have delivered special descriptions even into the very ceotre of the iron districte, and have ulso profitably supplied from foreign sources many castiogs that would dcrange and interfere with the appliaoces of an English iroofouoder, such as cao now be made io England only at a greatly increased price. A single steamship, tho Kaogaroo, recently arrived at New York from Liverpool, with over one hundred and fifty artisans and factory hands from Enzlaed and Ireland, who enme to seek employmeot in the great manuacturing centers of the New England States, and aid in developiog ths ropidly iocreasing commercinl interests of the Union. So great is ths annoyaocs to English iron masters and mannfacturers, which has grown ont of this continued restlessness of workmeo there, that agents have even been sent to this country to tempt the workers io iroo hack agaio to Europe ; hoping by the return of such meo to deter others from going abroad. Hitherto the efforts of Americans have heeo chiefly directed to protective duties and a decrease of the price of home labor, to eonhle our people to compete io our own and the markets of the world, with foreign manufactures. Tbe plan now igto create such a demand for foreign labor here, as to bring up the price of labor in Europe to something near our own standard; and thus prevent foreigners from supplying the markets of the world with manufactured goods through the aid of cheap labor and at the expense of the hetter ond well paid labor of the United States. This condition of things is being bronght about by a well orgaoized emigration agency, and will have the effect to hreak up the oppressive systeni under whicb the English mechanic has hitherto heen compelled to employ his labor at less than half its value. to build up and perpetuate the great ooeyed aristocracy of Kogland. A BINISTERIAL order has heen issued in France that only utensils tinoéd with pure tio should be used in the military hospitals, aed M. Jeaonel gives the following process for detecting small quaotities of lead io tin. He treats five decigrammes of the metal filed off with ao excess of nitric acid diluted with three times its weight of water, boils the mixture, filters, and then drops into the solution p erystal of iodide of potassium: If only one tenthousandth of lead is preseot, a yellow precipitate is formed, which does not disappear ou adding an excess of ammonia. New Patent Locx.—The Amador Dispatch says a barglar-proof lock, patented by W. Cc Bussy, of Jackson, is pronounced by compe. tent judges to be the very best ever invented. The tock needs no key,and is const: ucted on a new principle. The inventor, we are informed, van instruct any one to fix it so that he cap uoluck it himself. He defies any person not so iostructed to open the lock by fair or foul means. Straightening Shafts. It often happens in ths bnsiness of thn hiuchina shop thut iron shifts lave to be streightened before they are turued. It is custowary in most places to uso a common sledge, nud hunumer nwuy until the task is completed. ‘The consequsuce is tlut many blows ors struck before thn object is accotuplished, and the work is braised aed greutly injured. A much better plun practised in some shops, hut not so geuerally as it should be, is to buve a large screw set iun frame, on a cast-iron bed. ‘T'be shalts nre pat under this screw, and adjusted to suit circumstances. Ons tarn of it will do more work, of a better quality, than much hainmeritg. Not only this,.hut by pntting tho shaft under the srrew aud measuring before correcting it, the joh cau he done ut onee with one settiog, so that it will bo unnecessary to take it out und put it in the lathe severul tines. Large shulting that has to be ltcated belure it cuu bs struightened, may be beut reudily wheo cold, under the screw press. It is also common to straighten shafting by “peaning ;” thut is to say, by hammering it on the hollow side, or the reverse of the procass ordiuarily etnployed. It looks odd to see a matt hatimeriny a shalt on the hent side to mako it struight, but the philosophy of it is rational. By striking on the hollow side the scule, or skit more properly, is expanded, aod, being thus the longest,compels the shaft to bend toward the round side, has making it straight. ‘I'he blows must be light, however, or else the operation will oot he successful; moreover, if the shaft be turned afterwurds so us to remove the scale, it will ruo out of truth again, acd the work be spoiled.

It often happens that rods or connectioos require to be “off-set” so as to comein properly. Though the “ off-set" is always avoided where it can be, uothing is more couvenient to bend a rod with than a screw press. By it all blackening and bruising of the hright work in the blacksinith shopis done away with, and the job is so much cheaper in consequence. For straightening shafts, however, there is nothing equal to the screw press, aod we recomnieud those who have not tried it to build or buy ooe without delay.— Exchange. Ineroven Prow—A Carirornia Invention. Mr. John Mott, of Contra Costa county, oear Danville, has iovented a new and jogeoious double-revolving plow. ‘Ihe plows, two io puinher, are placed one ahove the otber, upon a horizootal axis, under the beam and parallel to it. Its operatioo is as follows: After the plow has passed across the field, and torned for the returo furrow, by the touch of a spriog the plow not in use, aod which turns ao opposite furrow, falls dowo from where it is, suspended, while tbe team, io starting, brings up the one which has just been in use, aod places it io a position where it is locked, awaitiog the next turn of the team. The inveotion isa very simple one, and promises to he of great value for plowing gardens or lands which have heeu feoced, as well as ground whero dead furrows are objected to. Licar Ramroan Locosotives.—Mons. M. Monette, a Porisiao eogioeer, proposes to lay ight rails on a narrow guage—shout forty Inches—on the sides of the old bighways; and to work on tbem with small locomotives of four to five tons, or with horses in some cases. His plan seems much like what has heen long io practice in most of the principal cities of this country, with horse-power, aod for some years with dummy cars, and mnre recently with small traction cogines. A Woov-Spuirtino Macnine.—Pierce’s patent—an Eastern invention—is now in operation in Sacramento, at the coroer of Second aod L streets, and which, says tbe Bee, is attracting coosiderable attentioo. It consists of aknife oothe eodof a lover driven hy steam, and works well. Ooe man splits with it ten or twelve cords of sawed wood. New Fosince Merat.— Dr. C. BR. Von Hover has lound that an alloy of cad: inm 224 parts, lead 5175, tin 295. and biamath 1050. willmelt at 149.99 Fahr. An alloy of cadmium three. and four each of tin, lead, and biswaoth, l fuses at 153.59, An allay of cadminm one, . with two each of the others. ar an alloy af one ofeach of the foar abel on oy bey all become pasty at lower temperatures, ond all oxydize rapidly in water. . reetal-. fn-es MINING AND SOIENTIFIO PRESS PATENT AGENCY. For the Pacifie Coast. Orrice oy TRE MINING AND Bciextivio Press—No. 505 Clay street, corner of Sansome, San Franclaco. Information for Inventors! Inventore on this enast hartng thelr applications for patents made out through our Agency oan sign their papers at once, and thus secure their rights at trast three montha enoner than by trusting the sane to distant agencies, situated in New York or Washington. The first qnestlon that presents Itself to the Inventer, who desires to procure o pace Ix: “Wan lobtaln a atent?” A positive answer to thts question ls only to be had y Presenting a forma] appileation for a patent to the Governmeht.embracing a petiiion, speciticatlon, model, duplicate, drawings, and the payment of the prescribed official fees. Aside from these ateps, all the Inventor ean do Is, te snbmilt his plans to persons experienced lithe bus!nessof obtaining patents, and eollelt thelr opinion and advice. 1f the partley flongulted nre honorable men, the Inventor may safely coande hia ldcas to them, and they wl)i Inform him whether or eot his Invention ls prebably patentable, Those who have made Inventions and desire to eensult with us respecting the same, arc cordlally invited to do so. We shull be hanpy to see them In perce at our office, or te advise them by mnill, or through the Minixe anp ScinNtTIFIC Press. In all cases they may expect trom us an honest opinion. For these conaullations, opinicn and advice, we make ne charge. A poner lay sketch, and description of the Inventlon should desent together with astamp for return ENS Write plain ; donot use pencilor pale Ink; be rief. that all bus! Itted te our care, and all AER are kept by us secret, aad strictly confiden. tlal Caveats. A Cavent is a confidentral eommanicntlen made to the Patent Office, and ls therefore filed within Its secret arcblves, The privilege securcd under a caveat Is, that It entitles tho caveator to recelve notice, for a perlud of one year, of an’ npplication tor a patent subsequently filed, and which Is adjudged to be novel, and ts likely to Interfere with the tnVention described in the caveat, and tho caveator {a then re. quired to complete his application for a patent within three months from the date of sald nctice. Caveat papers should be very faire pareds Our fee for the servlee variea from $10 to $20. "The Government tee under the new law is reduced to ten dollars; and this sum does not apply, as heretofore, as part of the fee oa presentlug aa application for a patent. Inventors wlll ofttlmes find lt very Important te tako advantage of the caveat system—the expense uader the law belng eomparatively small. To enable us lo prepare caveat paper, we only require a sketch and description of the Invention; no model being Necessary. Expenee of Applying for a Patent, Rejections, ete. Under tho new law, the Government fee, on fillng an application for a pntent, Is fiftcen dollars ; and if the patent ja allowed, tweaty dollars additional 1s Be guireus If rejected, the first fee of fifteen dollars {s ail that is demanded. English, French, Austrian, Prusslan Spanish, and inventors of every natlonallty, may now obtain patents in tho United States upon the same terins as our own citizens. The only discrimination mado Is agalnst subjeetsof government that discriminate agalnat the inhabitants of the United States. To the foregoing ofielal fees must be added the Attorney'a fees for preparing tho varlous documents and drawings. Our eharge for preparing a case, presenting Itto the Cov ernment, and attending to all business coanected with It, untll a decision ls given, Isfrom $20to $40. If the patent is grantted no further ageney expenses ensues. If the appllcation Is reiected we cause thorough investlgatioa to be miade Into the reasons presented to the Cominissioner for refusing the patent. In maklng thls examinatlon, our WashIngton agent has access to all the drawings, models, hooks and specifications clted In reference, and we report the result a8 eari7 as possible to oar client. ff the rejection proves to be an unjust one—which sometlmes happens—it can generally be reversed, and the patent ohtalned by contesting the case. For this prosccutlon we charge a fec proportionate to the extra labor involved, payable only on the issue ofthe patent ; but our demand will bo rensonable_ and satisfactory to our clients, aad will be arranged beforehand by special agreement. The system adopted by us works well, glves genera) satlsfaction and presents to all applicants, rich or poor, an equal cppertunity of having thelr patont eases prepared, eonductoH aad prosecuted In the best manner, by experlenced ate torney's, upou the most moderate terms. Inventers who have rejected cases, prepared clther by themselves, or for them by other agents, and desire to ascertala their prospects of success by further efforts, are Invited to avall themselves of our anequalled facllitics In securing favorable rebults. We have been successful la securing tters Patent In many cases of such a matter. Our terms tor such cases are very moderate. Modele, Remittances, eto. The law reqaires that the Javentor shall, In all cases, fnrnish a model, which must not exceed twelve inches In any of Its dimentions; It should be aeatiy made, ot hard wood or metal, or both, varnished or palnted; the name of the nventor should be engraved or palnted on It conspicuously. When the Invention consists of an Improvemeat oa some known machine, a full working model of the whole will act be necessary. It should be sufticiently perfect, however, te show, with clearness, tbo aature and opcratloa of the invention. ‘As s90n as the model {s ready, It should becarefully boxed and shipped by express or otherwise, to our address, namely: Drwny & Co., Mining and Sclentlfic Press, No. 605 Clay Street, corner ot Sansome, San Franelsce, Cal. Prepay expenscs and send express receipt to us by mall. Simultaneously with the model, the ia ventor should send us the first Installment of the Covernment fee, fifteen dol. The money may be forwnrded clther by a with the model, or by mall Tite safest way to remit Is by dratt on San Francisco, payable to our order. Always send a letiter w th the miodetaud also tho remiltance stating the name and address of the sender. A full description should also be sent with the model, embodyIng all the Ideas of the Inventor respecting thoimproveTit. me! On the receipt of the modcl and Government fee, the case ls duly registered upow our books. and the applleation proceeded with asias: as possible, When the documents are ready we send them to the Inventor by mall, for his examination, signature und afiidavit, with a letter of lastrne. tlon, ete. Our fee for preparing the case thea due and will'be called for. The case will then be presented to the Patent Ose, and as soon as the patent Js ordered to be Issued the Oovernment tee, namely, twenly dollars. Inventors who dv business with us will be notified of the state of their application in the Patent Office, when It ls possihle for ustodoso. We do not require tho personal attend. ance of the Inventor, unless it is ono of great eomplleation; the busincss can be well done by correspondence. When the invention consists of a new articlo of manufactnre, or a new composition, samples of the separate ingredlents, sufficient tomake the experlment, and alsocf the maaufactured article Itself must be furnished. The average time required to procure a patent, whea the case Is conducted at our ageacy, Is three months, We frequently get them through in less time ; but In other eases, owing to delay on the part of efficlals, the perlod ls somelimes extended to four or five months, andeven more. We make 4 special point to forward eur cases as rapldly aa ossible. : Patent Office Fees, and How Payable. Nearly all the fees payable te the Patent Offiee are posltively required by law to be pald la advance. The tollowlng ls the Oovernmeat tarlff of fees established by law: On every ap On every ap) On every ap plication for a desien, for 3 y'rs and 6 mos.. $ plication for a design, for seven years. lication fer a desisn, for fourteen ye: On every application for u eut, for seventeen ye On every caveat. On issuing each o 10 16 On every app. On every additional pa Oucvery application for an extension On the grant of every extension. rere ss B On appeul to the Ce from Ex lef 20 On every appeal to the Judges of Clreuit Court, D.C.. 2 We have had suecessful experience In conducting these apneals and our services are rendered on moderate terms. N. B —We imoke out onr own forms for applications, etc. pud wold res ectlully invurm all par tes tha, we lave no printed blank forms for sale. DEWEY & CO., Agents. Mining aud Scientific Press Oftice, No, 505 Clay street, cor ner ut Sansome, San Francisco.