Volume 12 (1866) (428 pages)

254 Gie F viving wil Seientitix Dress. THE EXCELSIOR GRINDER AND AMALGAMATOR, In the engraving herewith presented, A represents the Rim of the Cross-Frame; E, Gearing; I, Screw ; G, Lever; H, Dash-Boards; I, Key; a, Dies; c, Shoes, and o, Pan; B, Muller; C, Legs; D, Openings, The relative grinding capacities of “The Hxcelsior” Grinder and Amalgamator, of the Flat Bottomed Pan, and of the Conical Pan when properly constructed, are respectively 177, 98 and 110. That is, the respective mullers heing of the same diameter, same weight, same hardness, and running at the same velocity “The Excelsior Grinder and Amalgamator” will reduce one hundred and seventy-seven tons of ore, the Flat Bottomed Pan ninetyeight tons, and the Conical Pan one hundred and ten tons to the same degree of fineness in the same time. The wear to the Shoes and Dies at their grinding surfaces in the Excelsior Grinder and Amalgamator, is perfectly uniform, thus securing evenness of reduetion to the pulp, as well as steadiness Uniform wear of the grinding plates has heen attained in no other than that of the Tractory form—nor of motion to the muller. can it be. Another property of excellence in this machine is that the metal or substance to be amalgamated passes direct from the grinding surfaces into the quicksilver ; thus excluding the possibility of its hecoming coated with any foreign substances, after having heen hurnished. It is truthfully said “that the Tractory-formed Pan as ea Grinder has no equal, and as an Amalgamator no superior.” As a whole, it is far superior to any other pan in use. MANUFACTURED AT THE Union Iron Works and Golden State Iron Works, WHEELER & RANDALL, Inventors, The nndersigned haying had several years of experience in practical quartz mining operations, will ever take great pleasure in furnishing parties interested in mining and machinery any desired information which they may possess. Tea i Machinery. ** Safety Cages.” {PATENT GRANTED.) MINING COMPANIES ILL FIND IT TO THEIR INTEREST TO ADOPT “Berry, Hochholzer & Denver’s Satety Gage ” in thelr hoisting works. It requires very llttlc more work to manufacture than the ordlsary style ol cages—any blacksmith eanmake it. Ithas been PROVED TO BE PERFECTLY SATE, is self-acting and very light. and will, in the item of rope alone, pay for Itself in ashort time. , the proprietors reler to the following mining companies, ‘mong others. that are now using this Satcty Care :-—Gould e gies, Savage, Ophir, Mexican, Empirc, Overman and ustis, For particulars and teris, apply to HUGO HOCHHOLZER, rginia City, Nevada, Vi Lvlitf Through Wells, Furgo & Co’s Express, Union Amalgamator. This Valuable Invention § FAST FINDING ITS WAY INTO GENERAL USE, NOT ae means of combination of capital and lnufiuence, but onthe strength of iis owo merits, and upon the principle that what is known to be good. will be Qppreciated, Practical men acknowledge the UNION PAN to be scienilfic, the best, the chezpest, and most profitable. It now slauds first on the Ilst of all pans in uselor the purpose of Working Gold and Silver Ores. Ithas been found that a low class of ores, also tailings froin Mills, Sulphurets, etc., that will not pay to worl with the cominon pans, may be worked with this and obtain large profits The UNION PAN ts manufactured in two sizes, and cnpable of operating upon large quantities of ore in ihe most efticlent manner. Partles interested In Quartz Mining, Mills, ete., wlll find it to their advantage to call and examine for themselves, and sce its operation. Gold and silver ores tested by regular mill process, at Moderate cost, by STRONG & CO., San Francisco Foundry, corner Mission and Fremont strects, where orders sal ne prompt attention. V12-3m1 EXCELSIOR DOUBLE ACTING Suction and Force Pump. W.D. Mooker’s Patent, August 15, 1865, IE SUBSCRIBERS OFFEE FOR SALE the following slzes of the above-named celebrated Pump, acknowtedged to be the best Double Acting Pump known to be inuse, They are mure easily set in position, and are more durable und compact than any other Double Acting Foree Pump; they are also worked wilh very little friction, and have greater forcing power than other pumps oflike slze, They are adapled to work by band, windmill, horse, or steanipower. No, 1—Cyllnder 24% No 2—Oylinder 3 1n , stroke 7in, No 8—Gyllndcy 4in,, stroke 10 In. No. 4—Cylinver 5 In. stroke 15 in. No. 6—Cyhinder 6 In., stroke 18 in. The Nos. 4and 5 are Mining Pumps, We have also lor sale a full assortment of Pamp Fixtures, such aalron Pipe, Hose, Brass Goods, ete, J. W. BRITTAN & CO, 12g Front street, in, stroke 6 In. 12y12.3m -Prater’s Concentrator. NOTICE, ILE UNDERSIGNED I8 STILL Yacturing PRATER'S GONCENTRATORS, at Devoe & Diusmore’s Machine and Iran Works, SAN PRANCISGO 84> Machines constantly kept on hand, to supply orders at the shorlest notice, Address ; 10-y12 REANUMORGAN HUNGERFORD, San Francisco, Cal. VARNEWs PATENT AMALGAMATOR: These Machines Stiund Unzrivaled. For rapidly pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they have noequal, No eflort lias been or will be, spared to have them coustructed in the most perfect miunner, and of the great number now In operation, not one has everredived repairs. The constant and increasing ‘demand tor them is snffclent evidence of their merits. ; ure constructed so asto apply sicam directly into the pulp, or with steain boltoms, as desired, This Amalgamator Operates as Follows: ° The pan being filled, the motion of Lhe muller forces the pulp to the center, where Itis drawn down through the aperture and between the grinding stirtaces, Thence lt is thrown to the periphery Into the quic: The enurved Plates again draw it to lhe center, where aeses down, and to the circumference as before, Tins it ls constantly assing ina regular flow between the griudlug surfaces gud nito the quicksilver, until the ore is redneed to an iimpalpable powder, and Ihe metnt amatyamated, Setters mude on the sume principle excel all others.— They bring the pulp so coustantiy and perfectly in cuntacl with quicksilver, that the particles ure rapidly and com Plctely absorbed, Mill men are luvited to examine these pans and scllers for themselves, at the PACIFIC FOUNDRY, Ivi San Francisco. BLARE'sS QUARTZ BREAKER Is now extensively used for brenking hard masses of Quartz or Ores To a size sultable ror stamps. These machInes are patented, and are in practical operation in GALIFORNIA, . AUSTRALIA, WASHOE, ENGLAND, FRANCE, —— AND THE ATLANTIC STATES, These Machincs, or clreulars containing further Informa: tlon regarding thei, may be obtained of the undersigned. Address, BLAKE & TYLER, Box 2077 Sah Francisco Post Office. CHAS. T. BLAKE, i. TYLER, WM, P. BLAKE, Idaho City, Michigau Blum. 4y10 San Francisco. The Mechanies’ Institute AWAKDED A PREMIUM SILVER MEDAL TO BRUCKNER’S MECHANICAL ROASTING FURNACE, Parties wishing to ercet such Furnaces, are requested to leave thelr crders with T. KALLEX BERG, 12y1b —~——— 416 Market ‘street;San FranciscoTwWRLFTE VoLoMe, The Mining ann ScwmaTmMe Parss, pubisheil at Sum Fraucisco, commenced its twelfth volunenn the 6th inst,—[Nye County News, _ Bent Tr be. BREARS’ Emproved Steam Syphons. STATE AND COUNTY RIGHTS FoR SALE BY THE PATENTES, %& No, 320 Dine street. Information will be sent or given to py upon appllcution, by letter or otherwise, to or by the prtentee or the owners of The Miners’ Foundry, where the Pumps are on . cxhibillon aid for sale, 245 First strect, Sau Mrancisco, LIST OF PRICES: Lirtie Giant, i BENT TUBE. Brass. + $65 . Iron, 4 in ai »-S100 Tren. s BO “3 in. dl 15 “ 2in dt 50 . . “144 In, al 35 3-vl2 , Oh Brass, lin. dl ,. ' PETROLEUM STOVES, MOST USEFUL IR VENTION FOR ALL niummer of GUGKING and tor IRONING, without any lifter, asashesor soot. Clivap and convenicnt, and peculiarly suited to the wants of thls community. Couklug by them is divesled of Its disnzreeableness, and hecomes a pastime, us many can testify, who have used thein In this clty, Lo be secon at Montgomery sirect, Where they are for sale by BOLLARD & BATTLES, Proprictors for Galifornla. Sun Francisco, March 3d, 1866. 10-v12 Prater’s Patent Concentrator (Kuown as HUNGERFORD & PRATER’S Concentrator,) MANUFACTURED AT THE San Francisco Foundry and Steam Engine Works. Corner Fremont anid Mission Streets, All orders promp.ly atteudesl to, 2y2Q, 0 DEVOE, DINSMOBE &_Ca._. . Oux Circulation,—Taz Mining snp’ Scientiric Pruss hasa large and permanent subscription lst, and enjoys a more universal Circulation .among stockholders and per: sons directly interested in mining than any other paper on Ortur Term “ Printer’s Devit.”—When Aldus Mauntins set up in business as a printer in Venice, he came in possession of a little negro hoy. The boy was known over the city as the “little black devil,” who assisted the mysterions hiblofacter; and some of the most ignorant believed him to be none other than the emhodiment of Satan, who helped Aldus‘in the prosecution of his profession. One day Manntins, desiring to dispel this strange hallucination by publicity, displayed the young “imp” to the poorer classes. Upon this occasion he made this short but characteristic speech: “ Be it known to, Venice, that. I, Aldus Manntius, printer to the Holy Charch and Doge, have this day made public exposure of the printer’s devil! All thse who think he is not flesh and blood may come and pinch him,” Tre Worp “News.”’—Some lover of the cnrions in literature asserts that the word “news” is not derived from the adjective “new,” as nany suppose. He says that ‘in former times it was common to see on the newspapers of the day the initial Ictters of the cardinal points of the compass, thus; These letters were intended to indicate that the paper contained intelligence from the fonr quarters of the glohe; but they finally camo to assume the form of “news,” from which the term '' newspaper” is derived. How remarkable is the power of that invention, which, by the aid of the telegvaph, brings daily in small compass of the newspaper, news from all parts of the globe. THe Sronce Divers or Catyunos.—Mr. @, T. Newton, in his “‘l'ravels and discoveries in the Levant,” says: “The island of Calymuos is celebrated for its sponge-divers, who sail in a fleet of caiqnes for the coast of Asia Minor and Syria, during the month of May, and fish up annually £16,000 worth of that valuable substance. ‘The diver descends holding a fat stone in both hands, to assist him in rinking, on which stone a cord is fastened. When he gets to the bottom he puts this flat stone under his arm and walks abont.in search of sponges, putting them in a net around his neck as fast as he uproots them ; he then pulls the cord as a signal, and is drawu up again. it is said that the best divers can descend to a depth of thirty fathoms, and that they can remain under water fur as long a period as three minutes. From inquiries which I have made, it docs not appear that they aro often cut off by sharks, though these monsters are not unfrequent in the sonthern part ot the archipelago. Itis possible that the rapid descent of the diver may scare away this fish, who generally seizes his prey on the surface. <A Calymniolé told me that the most terrible sensatiou he had ever experienced was on fiuding himself close to an iminense fish at the bottom of the sea. Uuder the roots of the sponge is a parasitical substance of a caustic nature. This often bursts when the sponge is snspended round the diver's neck, and the liquid it contains causes deep'ulcers in his flesh.” Ixrurncr or Newspaper Reapinc on THE Mixps or Bora Sexes.—We have found it to be the uuiversal fact, without exception, that those scholars of both sexes who have access to newspapers at home, wheu compared to those who have not, are: 1. Better readers, excellent in pronunciation, and consequeutly read more understandingly. 2. They are better spellers, and define words with ease and accuracy. 3. ‘hey obtain practical knowledge of geography in abont half the time that it requires others, ay the newspapers have made them acquainted with the location of important places, nations, their governments and doings, on the globe. 7 4, They are better grammarians, for, having become so familiar with every variety of style in the newspaper, from the common-place advertisement to the finished and classical oration of the statesman, they more readily comprehend the meaning of the text, and consequenlly analyze its coustruction with accuracy. . 5. ‘They write better compositions, usiug better language and more connectedly expressed. ? 6. Those young men who have been readers of the newspapers are always taking the lead in the debating societies, extibiting a more extensive knowledge upon a greater variety of subjects, and expressing their views with greater” fluency, clearness, and correctness 1H the use of language. os Boo Dr. ABerNeTHY used to tell his pupils that all human diseases sprang from two causts—tis coast. stuffing and fretting.

254 Gie F viving wil Seientitix Dress. THE EXCELSIOR GRINDER AND AMALGAMATOR, In the engraving herewith presented, A represents the Rim of the Cross-Frame; E, Gearing; I, Screw ; G, Lever; H, Dash-Boards; I, Key; a, Dies; c, Shoes, and o, Pan; B, Muller; C, Legs; D, Openings, The relative grinding capacities of “The Hxcelsior” Grinder and Amalgamator, of the Flat Bottomed Pan, and of the Conical Pan when properly constructed, are respectively 177, 98 and 110. That is, the respective mullers heing of the same diameter, same weight, same hardness, and running at the same velocity “The Excelsior Grinder and Amalgamator” will reduce one hundred and seventy-seven tons of ore, the Flat Bottomed Pan ninetyeight tons, and the Conical Pan one hundred and ten tons to the same degree of fineness in the same time. The wear to the Shoes and Dies at their grinding surfaces in the Excelsior Grinder and Amalgamator, is perfectly uniform, thus securing evenness of reduetion to the pulp, as well as steadiness Uniform wear of the grinding plates has heen attained in no other than that of the Tractory form—nor of motion to the muller. can it be. Another property of excellence in this machine is that the metal or substance to be amalgamated passes direct from the grinding surfaces into the quicksilver ; thus excluding the possibility of its hecoming coated with any foreign substances, after having heen hurnished. It is truthfully said “that the Tractory-formed Pan as ea Grinder has no equal, and as an Amalgamator no superior.” As a whole, it is far superior to any other pan in use. MANUFACTURED AT THE Union Iron Works and Golden State Iron Works, WHEELER & RANDALL, Inventors, The nndersigned haying had several years of experience in practical quartz mining operations, will ever take great pleasure in furnishing parties interested in mining and machinery any desired information which they may possess. Tea i Machinery. ** Safety Cages.” {PATENT GRANTED.) MINING COMPANIES ILL FIND IT TO THEIR INTEREST TO ADOPT “Berry, Hochholzer & Denver’s Satety Gage ” in thelr hoisting works. It requires very llttlc more work to manufacture than the ordlsary style ol cages—any blacksmith eanmake it. Ithas been PROVED TO BE PERFECTLY SATE, is self-acting and very light. and will, in the item of rope alone, pay for Itself in ashort time. , the proprietors reler to the following mining companies, ‘mong others. that are now using this Satcty Care :-—Gould e gies, Savage, Ophir, Mexican, Empirc, Overman and ustis, For particulars and teris, apply to HUGO HOCHHOLZER, rginia City, Nevada, Vi Lvlitf Through Wells, Furgo & Co’s Express, Union Amalgamator. This Valuable Invention § FAST FINDING ITS WAY INTO GENERAL USE, NOT ae means of combination of capital and lnufiuence, but onthe strength of iis owo merits, and upon the principle that what is known to be good. will be Qppreciated, Practical men acknowledge the UNION PAN to be scienilfic, the best, the chezpest, and most profitable. It now slauds first on the Ilst of all pans in uselor the purpose of Working Gold and Silver Ores. Ithas been found that a low class of ores, also tailings froin Mills, Sulphurets, etc., that will not pay to worl with the cominon pans, may be worked with this and obtain large profits The UNION PAN ts manufactured in two sizes, and cnpable of operating upon large quantities of ore in ihe most efticlent manner. Partles interested In Quartz Mining, Mills, ete., wlll find it to their advantage to call and examine for themselves, and sce its operation. Gold and silver ores tested by regular mill process, at Moderate cost, by STRONG & CO., San Francisco Foundry, corner Mission and Fremont strects, where orders sal ne prompt attention. V12-3m1 EXCELSIOR DOUBLE ACTING Suction and Force Pump. W.D. Mooker’s Patent, August 15, 1865, IE SUBSCRIBERS OFFEE FOR SALE the following slzes of the above-named celebrated Pump, acknowtedged to be the best Double Acting Pump known to be inuse, They are mure easily set in position, and are more durable und compact than any other Double Acting Foree Pump; they are also worked wilh very little friction, and have greater forcing power than other pumps oflike slze, They are adapled to work by band, windmill, horse, or steanipower. No, 1—Cyllnder 24% No 2—Oylinder 3 1n , stroke 7in, No 8—Gyllndcy 4in,, stroke 10 In. No. 4—Cylinver 5 In. stroke 15 in. No. 6—Cyhinder 6 In., stroke 18 in. The Nos. 4and 5 are Mining Pumps, We have also lor sale a full assortment of Pamp Fixtures, such aalron Pipe, Hose, Brass Goods, ete, J. W. BRITTAN & CO, 12g Front street, in, stroke 6 In. 12y12.3m -Prater’s Concentrator. NOTICE, ILE UNDERSIGNED I8 STILL Yacturing PRATER'S GONCENTRATORS, at Devoe & Diusmore’s Machine and Iran Works, SAN PRANCISGO 84> Machines constantly kept on hand, to supply orders at the shorlest notice, Address ; 10-y12 REANUMORGAN HUNGERFORD, San Francisco, Cal. VARNEWs PATENT AMALGAMATOR: These Machines Stiund Unzrivaled. For rapidly pulverizing and amalgamating ores, they have noequal, No eflort lias been or will be, spared to have them coustructed in the most perfect miunner, and of the great number now In operation, not one has everredived repairs. The constant and increasing ‘demand tor them is snffclent evidence of their merits. ; ure constructed so asto apply sicam directly into the pulp, or with steain boltoms, as desired, This Amalgamator Operates as Follows: ° The pan being filled, the motion of Lhe muller forces the pulp to the center, where Itis drawn down through the aperture and between the grinding stirtaces, Thence lt is thrown to the periphery Into the quic: The enurved Plates again draw it to lhe center, where aeses down, and to the circumference as before, Tins it ls constantly assing ina regular flow between the griudlug surfaces gud nito the quicksilver, until the ore is redneed to an iimpalpable powder, and Ihe metnt amatyamated, Setters mude on the sume principle excel all others.— They bring the pulp so coustantiy and perfectly in cuntacl with quicksilver, that the particles ure rapidly and com Plctely absorbed, Mill men are luvited to examine these pans and scllers for themselves, at the PACIFIC FOUNDRY, Ivi San Francisco. BLARE'sS QUARTZ BREAKER Is now extensively used for brenking hard masses of Quartz or Ores To a size sultable ror stamps. These machInes are patented, and are in practical operation in

GALIFORNIA, . AUSTRALIA, WASHOE, ENGLAND, FRANCE, —— AND THE ATLANTIC STATES, These Machincs, or clreulars containing further Informa: tlon regarding thei, may be obtained of the undersigned. Address, BLAKE & TYLER, Box 2077 Sah Francisco Post Office. CHAS. T. BLAKE, i. TYLER, WM, P. BLAKE, Idaho City, Michigau Blum. 4y10 San Francisco. The Mechanies’ Institute AWAKDED A PREMIUM SILVER MEDAL TO BRUCKNER’S MECHANICAL ROASTING FURNACE, Parties wishing to ercet such Furnaces, are requested to leave thelr crders with T. KALLEX BERG, 12y1b —~——— 416 Market ‘street;San FranciscoTwWRLFTE VoLoMe, The Mining ann ScwmaTmMe Parss, pubisheil at Sum Fraucisco, commenced its twelfth volunenn the 6th inst,—[Nye County News, _ Bent Tr be. BREARS’ Emproved Steam Syphons. STATE AND COUNTY RIGHTS FoR SALE BY THE PATENTES, %& No, 320 Dine street. Information will be sent or given to py upon appllcution, by letter or otherwise, to or by the prtentee or the owners of The Miners’ Foundry, where the Pumps are on . cxhibillon aid for sale, 245 First strect, Sau Mrancisco, LIST OF PRICES: Lirtie Giant, i BENT TUBE. Brass. + $65 . Iron, 4 in ai »-S100 Tren.. s BO “3 in. dl 15 “ 2in dt 50 . . “144 In, al 35 3-vl2 , Oh Brass, lin. dl ,. ' PETROLEUM STOVES, MOST USEFUL IR VENTION FOR ALL niummer of GUGKING and tor IRONING, without any lifter, asashesor soot. Clivap and convenicnt, and peculiarly suited to the wants of thls community. Couklug by them is divesled of Its disnzreeableness, and hecomes a pastime, us many can testify, who have used thein In this clty, Lo be secon at Montgomery sirect, Where they are for sale by BOLLARD & BATTLES, Proprictors for Galifornla. Sun Francisco, March 3d, 1866. 10-v12 Prater’s Patent Concentrator (Kuown as HUNGERFORD & PRATER’S Concentrator,) MANUFACTURED AT THE San Francisco Foundry and Steam Engine Works. Corner Fremont anid Mission Streets, All orders promp.ly atteudesl to, 2y2Q, 0 DEVOE, DINSMOBE &_Ca._. . Oux Circulation,—Taz Mining snp’ Scientiric Pruss hasa large and permanent subscription lst, and enjoys a more universal Circulation .among stockholders and per: sons directly interested in mining than any other paper on Ortur Term “ Printer’s Devit.”—When Aldus Mauntins set up in business as a printer in Venice, he came in possession of a little negro hoy. The boy was known over the city as the “little black devil,” who assisted the mysterions hiblofacter; and some of the most ignorant believed him to be none other than the emhodiment of Satan, who helped Aldus‘in the prosecution of his profession. One day Manntins, desiring to dispel this strange hallucination by publicity, displayed the young “imp” to the poorer classes. Upon this occasion he made this short but characteristic speech: “ Be it known to, Venice, that. I, Aldus Manntius, printer to the Holy Charch and Doge, have this day made public exposure of the printer’s devil! All thse who think he is not flesh and blood may come and pinch him,” Tre Worp “News.”’—Some lover of the cnrions in literature asserts that the word “news” is not derived from the adjective “new,” as nany suppose. He says that ‘in former times it was common to see on the newspapers of the day the initial Ictters of the cardinal points of the compass, thus; These letters were intended to indicate that the paper contained intelligence from the fonr quarters of the glohe; but they finally camo to assume the form of “news,” from which the term '' newspaper” is derived. How remarkable is the power of that invention, which, by the aid of the telegvaph, brings daily in small compass of the newspaper, news from all parts of the globe. THe Sronce Divers or Catyunos.—Mr. @, T. Newton, in his “‘l'ravels and discoveries in the Levant,” says: “The island of Calymuos is celebrated for its sponge-divers, who sail in a fleet of caiqnes for the coast of Asia Minor and Syria, during the month of May, and fish up annually £16,000 worth of that valuable substance. ‘The diver descends holding a fat stone in both hands, to assist him in rinking, on which stone a cord is fastened. When he gets to the bottom he puts this flat stone under his arm and walks abont.in search of sponges, putting them in a net around his neck as fast as he uproots them ; he then pulls the cord as a signal, and is drawu up again. it is said that the best divers can descend to a depth of thirty fathoms, and that they can remain under water fur as long a period as three minutes. From inquiries which I have made, it docs not appear that they aro often cut off by sharks, though these monsters are not unfrequent in the sonthern part ot the archipelago. Itis possible that the rapid descent of the diver may scare away this fish, who generally seizes his prey on the surface. <A Calymniolé told me that the most terrible sensatiou he had ever experienced was on fiuding himself close to an iminense fish at the bottom of the sea. Uuder the roots of the sponge is a parasitical substance of a caustic nature. This often bursts when the sponge is snspended round the diver's neck, and the liquid it contains causes deep'ulcers in his flesh.” Ixrurncr or Newspaper Reapinc on THE Mixps or Bora Sexes.—We have found it to be the uuiversal fact, without exception, that those scholars of both sexes who have access to newspapers at home, wheu compared to those who have not, are: 1. Better readers, excellent in pronunciation, and consequeutly read more understandingly. 2. They are better spellers, and define words with ease and accuracy. 3. ‘hey obtain practical knowledge of geography in abont half the time that it requires others, ay the newspapers have made them acquainted with the location of important places, nations, their governments and doings, on the globe. 7 4, They are better grammarians, for, having become so familiar with every variety of style in the newspaper, from the common-place advertisement to the finished and classical oration of the statesman, they more readily comprehend the meaning of the text, and consequenlly analyze its coustruction with accuracy. . 5. ‘They write better compositions, usiug better language and more connectedly expressed. ? 6. Those young men who have been readers of the newspapers are always taking the lead in the debating societies, extibiting a more extensive knowledge upon a greater variety of subjects, and expressing their views with greater” fluency, clearness, and correctness 1H the use of language. os Boo Dr. ABerNeTHY used to tell his pupils that all human diseases sprang from two causts—tis coast. stuffing and fretting.