Volume 12 (1866) (428 pages)

+ ia a Bournal ot Useful Arts, Sri ¥ & €O,, PO RLISHERS DEWE ‘And Pntene Solicitors, SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, JUNE 2, 1866. VOLUME Xit. Number 22. TABLE OF OONTENTS. Progress of the Mineral Land Sleinans Meating Furvace— MUWlustrated. Sale Queation in Washington Atlantle Correspondcnce—AlThe Atta on Earthquakes. New Process Kerasette OL Kx plosions. Another Cement MUL ulcksllver Sunopoly, lie North Star Mine, Grass Valley. = Cabbage Wood, tA New Hock Drilling Ma~ chine, Mtning Suwwany— Cullfornia, Aevadoe, Uregon, Idaho, Colurado, Arizona, Monta New Mexico, and British Colunhila, Edltnrial and Selected. . Mining Sharelrulders’ DireeMining Gporations ucar MaFalta. The Trade of the Pacltc Istands. Letter trom El Dorado tio, Hotel Teleyraple—A Sugyesten, Combustion of aa with Alr, Tho Colloge of Cullforsta. Behool fxaminatlons The Wl:n Schools of San francisco. Thermal spriugsia the Reese River District. Gs Wlary Attructlon, Viecoveries of tu Last Fifty ears. . Br. ©. T, Jackson's Observa tlons on Calituritla. Mining Machinery SIEMENS’ HEATING FURNAOE. Tho Amercian Aruizun, New Y ork, senils as following illustrated descriptiou (by Dr. Crace Calvert) of aa important improvoment in heating furnaces, invented by Mr. C. W. tory. Stuck Sales und Deports. San Franclscu Peices Current Sow Mining aud Other Adveruisements, etc. Sienions, F.RS, of Great George street, ) eluss-houses, puddling, haating iron and steel, London : “Tho gas-producer and furnace ars quite distinct, and may he placed at any convenicut distance Irom each other. Te fuel is supplied at intervuls of abont two hoara through covered openings, and descends gradually on an inclined plan, which is set at an inclination to suit the kind of tael used. he upper portion ol the incliae is niade solid, being formed of iron plates covered with fire-brick, but the lower portion is an Open grato formed of horizontul flat steps. The opening uader the Jowor Btep is made lurger than the others, to enablo clinkers to be withdrawn. ‘The sinnll stoppcred holes at the front and at the top of the producer are provided to allow of putting in an iron har occasionslly to break ap the mass of fuel and detach clinkers from the side-walls. Each producer is capable of converting daily about two tous of luel into a combnstible gns, which passes off into the main gas flue leading to the farnaces. “The action of the gas-producer in working is as lollows: ‘Ihe fuel dercending slowly on the inclined plane becomes heated and parts with its volatile constituents, the hydro-curbon guses, water, ammonia, aad a amall proportion of carbonic acid, which are tho Same as would be evolved [rom it in a gas retort. ‘lhere now reinains from 60 to 70 per cent of pnrely carbonaceous matter to be disposed of, which is necomplished by the current of nir slowly entering throngh the grate, producing regular combustion immediately upoa the grate; but the carbonic acid (an iacnmhustible gas) thus produced having to pass slowly through a layer of incandesevut Inel from twoto three fect thick, takes up another equivalent of carbon, and is thus transformed into carbonic oxyd, which passes off with the other combustible gases to the furnaces. For every cubic foot of carbonic oxyd thus jtroduced, taking the atmosphere to consist of one-fifth part by volums ol oxygen and four-fifths of nitrogen, two cubic feet of incombustible nitrogeu pass also through the grate, tendiag greatly to diminish the richness or heating power of the gas. Not all the carbonaceous portion of the fuel is, however, yolatilized on such disadvantageous terms ; for water is brought to the foot of tbe grate by a pipe, which, absorbing the spare heat from tbe five, is converted into steam, and each cubic) foot of steam, in traversing the layer of froin two to three Icet of incandescent fuel, is decomposed into a mixture consisting of one cubie fuot of, hydrogen, and nearly an equal volume of carbonic oxyd, with a variable small proportion of carbonic acid. ‘hus one cubic foot of steam yields as much inflummable gas! as five cubic fest of atmospheric air; but ths E [1 HESS SNSRSSASS SSSARZSNES ad SCEETTISS ARE Freel) ier one operation is dependent upon tho other, inasninch as ths passaye of air through the fire is attended with the generation of leat, whereas the production of the wuter guses, as well as the evolution of tho lydro-curbons, is carried on at the expense of heat. ‘he generation of steain from the water, heing depsudent on the amount of heat in the fire, regulates itself naturally to the reqnirements ; and the total pro duction of combustible gages varies with tlic ndmission of air, and, since the ndmission of air into the grate depends in its turn upon the withdrawal of the gases evolved in the producer, the prodnction of the combustible gases is entirely regulated by the demand for them. “The gas made in these producers has bzen freqnently carefully analyzed, and the average coustituents of onc hundred parts have becn found as follows: Carbonic acid, 4-1 ;.oxygen (45 curboaic oxid, 23°7; carbureted hydrogen, 2:2; hydrogen, 80; nitrogen, 61.5; total, 99-9. “ The furnaces are applicable for all purposes where intease heat is reouired, such as for} iron melting for foundry purposes, steel meltpartially utilized, are carried down into the other pair of regenerators, where they ure dsprived of their beat, and thence proceed tbrongb ths reversing-valves to tho chiuney by the fiue, ‘I. “When one pair of regencrators has hecome considerably heated by the passage of the hot products of combustion for some time, and the opposite pair correspondingly cooled by the upward passage of tho cold guns and air, the vnives ore reversed, and the currents of gas and air then pass upward through the regenerators last heated. whereas the products of combnstion pass through those opposite. The process of reversing is repeated at fixed intervals, generally every half hour, so that two of the regenerators are always being cooled hy the gas and air taking up the deposited heat nnd carrying it hack to the lurnace, and two always being heated by the passage of tha hot products of combnstion passing down to the chimney and depositing their heat on their way there. The flame in ths heating-chamber is uniform throughont, and perfectly tree from all extraneous matter. Its chemical nature is also perfectly under command hy means of gas and a CL li S2HRAN NY Gooereoses SEIS ERY a saa i THOU GENES RAAMENSS! BRURGRRE [== ir aa ddl Mlle ti SEIMEN’S HEATING FURNACE. ing, muffles, and copper smelting. In all applications the furnaces are of the same coastruction in principle, the arrangements oaly varying with the different operatious to be earried on in the heating-chamber. ‘The heatingfurnace has been selected for illustration. Underneath the heating-chainber, K, are placed transversely the four regeuerators, L, L, L, L,! which are chambers filled with fre bricks built up With spaces between them. ‘The regenerators work ia pairs,the two under the right hand end of the furnace communicating witlr that end ol the heatiag-chamber, white the other two communicates with the opposite end., The gas passes lrom the maia gas flue through the reversing-valve, S, into the flues, R, R, at} the bottom of one of the reyenerators, L, up through which it passes to the port, M. Air is also admitted through a reversing-vulve at the back of S (not shown in the figure), thence. into the flues, O, O, up through the second reair regulnting valves (not shown in the engraving), so that the most delicato operations can be car ied on with great uniformity. The gas and air reach ths heating-chamber (after passing through the regenerators) at nearly the heat of that chamber itself, and in burning. ia addition to the temperature duo to their mutual chemical action, is added that they have taken up in passiag through the regeneratora, so that au intensity of heat is obtained which, unless moderated on purpose, would fuse furnace and all exposed to its action. The products of combustion are so completely deprived of the heat they brought ont of the heating-chamber, K, by passing among the regenerator bricks, tbat the heat in the chimney-fiue is seldom sufficient to singe wood; the economy is therefore due to tbe fact that little or no heat is thrown away up the chimney, as in the ordinary furnaces, and also to ths perfect combustion of the fuel. which is evidenced by the total ahgenerator, L, to the port, N, where it meets senec of smoke from the stack; whereas in with the gas. mingles with it, and produces aa intense and uniform flame, which distributes itself all over the heating-chamher, Kk. ‘The the coniinon furnaces the combustion is so imperfect that c'ouds of powdered carbon, in the form of smoke, envelop all manufacturing products of combustion, together with the ex{owns,and gases are allowed to escape with cess or waste heat of the furnace, iustead of two-thirds of their heating power undeveloped. being passed, as in ordinary lurnaces, up the stack, and either entirely thrown away or only ‘Ths saving of lael in thess furnaccs, as compared: to the ordinary kind, ranges hetweeu forty and sixty per cent. in weight, according to tbs fael used. In many instances an additional saving can bs made in the cost of the foel hy using inferior qualities, such as coal and evoke dust, lignite, and psat. The intensity of the heat, purity of tle flame, and the absence ot cutting draughts in the heating-chamber, is of great advantags for all metallurgical operations, tending greatly to improve the quality nf the produce, and occasioning a saving of ahout five per cent. in the wasts of the metal treated in puddling and iron re-heating furnaces, etc.” Prize Mepat.—A very interesting ceremony took placo at the close of the public examination of the Denman School on Thursday, at which sixteen medals were distributed -to the same namber of pupils who shall have attained the highest grade of scholarship with perfect derortment throughout the year. These inedals are purchased from the anaual proceeds of a fund of $1,000 which has heen dnnated for that parpogo hy Mr. Denman, the Principal of that school. This Medal Fund bas been established and will be managed nn the same plaa as the Franklin School Medal Fund of Boston, Massachnsetts. The present was the first distribution of these medals. ‘The following are the pupils who obtained the medals this year: 5 Gold medal! to Annie Compton, of the Graduating Class, Silver medal to Angie Crary, Bell Baxter and Louise Templeton, of the Graduating Class; Carrie Smith, of the first class; Adclia Curtis, of Miss Keith's class; Sarah D. Everding, of Miss Doud’s class; Alexandrina Lyons, of Mrs. Pearson's class ; Isabella Vizzard, of Mrs. Clapp's class; Candace Jenner, of Miss Williams’ class; Mary E. Donnelly, of Miss Pattee's class; Matida Clement, of Miss Sherman’s’cluss; Emily J. Johnson, of Miss S. Williams’ class ; Jennie C. Miller, of Mrs. Wood’s class; Lelia K, Cartis, of Miss Clradbourne’s class; Mary A. -Lumsden, of Miss Bowen's cliss; and Carotine Hogg, of Miss Doud’s class. Dr. C. T. Jacxsox, of Boston, has been giving the Academy of Sciences in Paris an account of some of his observations in California and Nevada. He says the silver ores of Austin, Nevada, consist in the undecomposed portions of the veins of sulphats of silver aud red sulphide of antimony. Ia decomposed parts of the vein are chloride, iodide and hromide, the latter being formed by double decomposition from the action of external iafuences. A fragment of the ore throwa iato the fire of a blacksmith’s forgs is at once covered with spangles of reducsd silver. At Austin all the veing are quartz ore avd imbedded in feldspathic granite. Their thickness varies from a few inches to thres fset. He had himself seen the ores yielding $1,300 to the ton, and the average. was $200, the cost of extraction beiag $80 tothe ton. The cost is high at Austin, because the ore has to be brought from the inovatains a long way off. At Virginia City the ores yield only forty dollars per ton, hut as thay do not have to be, roasted, the cost is less, and they are very profitahle. Austia was unknown three years ago. Tar Treasure Datrr.—The treasure shipment by the steamer of Tuesday last was $1,328,069. The total sbipments since the first of Junuary last were $16.431,288; a decrease of $1,012,666, from the shipments durng the sams period last year.)

+ ia a Bournal ot Useful Arts, Sri ¥ & €O,, PO RLISHERS DEWE ‘And Pntene Solicitors, SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, JUNE 2, 1866. VOLUME Xit. Number 22. TABLE OF OONTENTS. Progress of the Mineral Land Sleinans Meating Furvace— MUWlustrated. Sale Queation in Washington Atlantle Correspondcnce—AlThe Atta on Earthquakes. New Process Kerasette OL Kx plosions. Another Cement MUL ulcksllver Sunopoly, lie North Star Mine, Grass Valley. = Cabbage Wood, tA New Hock Drilling Ma~ chine, Mtning Suwwany— Cullfornia, Aevadoe, Uregon, Idaho, Colurado, Arizona, Monta New Mexico, and British Colunhila, Edltnrial and Selected. . Mining Sharelrulders’ DireeMining Gporations ucar MaFalta. The Trade of the Pacltc Istands. Letter trom El Dorado tio, Hotel Teleyraple—A Sugyesten, Combustion of aa with Alr, Tho Colloge of Cullforsta. Behool fxaminatlons The Wl:n Schools of San francisco. Thermal spriugsia the Reese River District. Gs Wlary Attructlon, Viecoveries of tu Last Fifty ears. . Br. ©. T, Jackson's Observa tlons on Calituritla. Mining Machinery SIEMENS’ HEATING FURNAOE. Tho Amercian Aruizun, New Y ork, senils as following illustrated descriptiou (by Dr. Crace Calvert) of aa important improvoment in heating furnaces, invented by Mr. C. W. tory. Stuck Sales und Deports. San Franclscu Peices Current Sow Mining aud Other Adveruisements, etc. Sienions, F.RS, of Great George street, ) eluss-houses, puddling, haating iron and steel, London : “Tho gas-producer and furnace ars quite distinct, and may he placed at any convenicut distance Irom each other. Te fuel is supplied at intervuls of abont two hoara through covered openings, and descends gradually on an inclined plan, which is set at an inclination to suit the kind of tael used. he upper portion ol the incliae is niade solid, being formed of iron plates covered with fire-brick, but the lower portion is an Open grato formed of horizontul flat steps. The opening uader the Jowor Btep is made lurger than the others, to enablo clinkers to be withdrawn. ‘The sinnll stoppcred holes at the front and at the top of the producer are provided to allow of putting in an iron har occasionslly to break ap the mass of fuel and detach clinkers from the side-walls. Each producer is capable of converting daily about two tous of luel into a combnstible gns, which passes off into the main gas flue leading to the farnaces. “The action of the gas-producer in working is as lollows: ‘Ihe fuel dercending slowly on the inclined plane becomes heated and parts with its volatile constituents, the hydro-curbon guses, water, ammonia, aad a amall proportion of carbonic acid, which are tho Same as would be evolved [rom it in a gas retort. ‘lhere now reinains from 60 to 70 per cent of pnrely carbonaceous matter to be disposed of, which is necomplished by the current of nir slowly entering throngh the grate, producing regular combustion immediately upoa the grate; but the carbonic acid (an iacnmhustible gas) thus produced having to pass slowly through a layer of incandesevut Inel from twoto three fect thick, takes up another equivalent of carbon, and is thus transformed into carbonic oxyd, which passes off with the other combustible gases to the furnaces. For every cubic foot of carbonic oxyd thus jtroduced, taking the atmosphere to consist of one-fifth part by volums ol oxygen and four-fifths of nitrogen, two cubic feet of incombustible nitrogeu pass also through the grate, tendiag greatly to diminish the richness or heating power of the gas. Not all the carbonaceous portion of the fuel is, however, yolatilized on such disadvantageous terms ; for water is brought to the foot of tbe grate by a pipe, which, absorbing the spare heat from tbe five, is converted into steam, and each cubic) foot of steam, in traversing the layer of froin two to three Icet of incandescent fuel, is decomposed into a mixture consisting of one cubie fuot of, hydrogen, and nearly an equal volume of carbonic oxyd, with a variable small proportion of carbonic acid. ‘hus one cubic foot of steam yields as much inflummable gas! as five cubic fest of atmospheric air; but ths E [1 HESS SNSRSSASS SSSARZSNES ad SCEETTISS ARE Freel) ier one operation is dependent upon tho other, inasninch as ths passaye of air through the fire is attended with the generation of leat, whereas the production of the wuter guses, as well as the evolution of tho lydro-curbons, is carried on at the expense of heat. ‘he generation of steain from the water, heing depsudent on the amount of heat in the fire, regulates itself naturally to the reqnirements ; and the total pro duction of combustible gages varies with tlic ndmission of air, and, since the ndmission of air into the grate depends in its turn upon the withdrawal of the gases evolved in the producer, the prodnction of the combustible gases is entirely regulated by the demand for them. “The gas made in these producers has bzen freqnently carefully analyzed, and the average coustituents of onc hundred parts have becn found as follows: Carbonic acid, 4-1 ;.oxygen (45 curboaic oxid, 23°7; carbureted hydrogen, 2:2; hydrogen, 80; nitrogen, 61.5; total, 99-9. “ The furnaces are applicable for all purposes where intease heat is reouired, such as for} iron melting for foundry purposes, steel meltpartially utilized, are carried down into the other pair of regenerators, where they ure dsprived of their beat, and thence proceed tbrongb ths reversing-valves to tho chiuney by the fiue, ‘I.

“When one pair of regencrators has hecome considerably heated by the passage of the hot products of combustion for some time, and the opposite pair correspondingly cooled by the upward passage of tho cold guns and air, the vnives ore reversed, and the currents of gas and air then pass upward through the regenerators last heated. whereas the products of combnstion pass through those opposite. The process of reversing is repeated at fixed intervals, generally every half hour, so that two of the regenerators are always being cooled hy the gas and air taking up the deposited heat nnd carrying it hack to the lurnace, and two always being heated by the passage of tha hot products of combnstion passing down to the chimney and depositing their heat on their way there. The flame in ths heating-chamber is uniform throughont, and perfectly tree from all extraneous matter. Its chemical nature is also perfectly under command hy means of gas and a CL li S2HRAN NY Gooereoses SEIS ERY a saa i THOU GENES RAAMENSS! BRURGRRE [== ir aa ddl Mlle ti SEIMEN’S HEATING FURNACE. ing, muffles, and copper smelting. In all applications the furnaces are of the same coastruction in principle, the arrangements oaly varying with the different operatious to be earried on in the heating-chamber. ‘The heatingfurnace has been selected for illustration. Underneath the heating-chainber, K, are placed transversely the four regeuerators, L, L, L, L,! which are chambers filled with fre bricks built up With spaces between them. ‘The regenerators work ia pairs,the two under the right hand end of the furnace communicating witlr that end ol the heatiag-chamber, white the other two communicates with the opposite end., The gas passes lrom the maia gas flue through the reversing-valve, S, into the flues, R, R, at} the bottom of one of the reyenerators, L, up through which it passes to the port, M. Air is also admitted through a reversing-vulve at the back of S (not shown in the figure), thence. into the flues, O, O, up through the second reair regulnting valves (not shown in the engraving), so that the most delicato operations can be car ied on with great uniformity. The gas and air reach ths heating-chamber (after passing through the regenerators) at nearly the heat of that chamber itself, and in burning. ia addition to the temperature duo to their mutual chemical action, is added that they have taken up in passiag through the regeneratora, so that au intensity of heat is obtained which, unless moderated on purpose, would fuse furnace and all exposed to its action. The products of combustion are so completely deprived of the heat they brought ont of the heating-chamber, K, by passing among the regenerator bricks, tbat the heat in the chimney-fiue is seldom sufficient to singe wood; the economy is therefore due to tbe fact that little or no heat is thrown away up the chimney, as in the ordinary furnaces, and also to ths perfect combustion of the fuel. which is evidenced by the total ahgenerator, L, to the port, N, where it meets senec of smoke from the stack; whereas in with the gas. mingles with it, and produces aa intense and uniform flame, which distributes itself all over the heating-chamher, Kk. ‘The the coniinon furnaces the combustion is so imperfect that c'ouds of powdered carbon, in the form of smoke, envelop all manufacturing products of combustion, together with the ex{owns,and gases are allowed to escape with cess or waste heat of the furnace, iustead of two-thirds of their heating power undeveloped. being passed, as in ordinary lurnaces, up the stack, and either entirely thrown away or only ‘Ths saving of lael in thess furnaccs, as compared: to the ordinary kind, ranges hetweeu forty and sixty per cent. in weight, according to tbs fael used. In many instances an additional saving can bs made in the cost of the foel hy using inferior qualities, such as coal and evoke dust, lignite, and psat. The intensity of the heat, purity of tle flame, and the absence ot cutting draughts in the heating-chamber, is of great advantags for all metallurgical operations, tending greatly to improve the quality nf the produce, and occasioning a saving of ahout five per cent. in the wasts of the metal treated in puddling and iron re-heating furnaces, etc.” Prize Mepat.—A very interesting ceremony took placo at the close of the public examination of the Denman School on Thursday, at which sixteen medals were distributed -to the same namber of pupils who shall have attained the highest grade of scholarship with perfect derortment throughout the year. These inedals are purchased from the anaual proceeds of a fund of $1,000 which has heen dnnated for that parpogo hy Mr. Denman, the Principal of that school. This Medal Fund bas been established and will be managed nn the same plaa as the Franklin School Medal Fund of Boston, Massachnsetts. The present was the first distribution of these medals. ‘The following are the pupils who obtained the medals this year: 5 Gold medal! to Annie Compton, of the Graduating Class, Silver medal to Angie Crary, Bell Baxter and Louise Templeton, of the Graduating Class; Carrie Smith, of the first class; Adclia Curtis, of Miss Keith's class; Sarah D. Everding, of Miss Doud’s class; Alexandrina Lyons, of Mrs. Pearson's class ; Isabella Vizzard, of Mrs. Clapp's class; Candace Jenner, of Miss Williams’ class; Mary E. Donnelly, of Miss Pattee's class; Matida Clement, of Miss Sherman’s’cluss; Emily J. Johnson, of Miss S. Williams’ class ; Jennie C. Miller, of Mrs. Wood’s class; Lelia K, Cartis, of Miss Clradbourne’s class; Mary A. -Lumsden, of Miss Bowen's cliss; and Carotine Hogg, of Miss Doud’s class. Dr. C. T. Jacxsox, of Boston, has been giving the Academy of Sciences in Paris an account of some of his observations in California and Nevada. He says the silver ores of Austin, Nevada, consist in the undecomposed portions of the veins of sulphats of silver aud red sulphide of antimony. Ia decomposed parts of the vein are chloride, iodide and hromide, the latter being formed by double decomposition from the action of external iafuences. A fragment of the ore throwa iato the fire of a blacksmith’s forgs is at once covered with spangles of reducsd silver. At Austin all the veing are quartz ore avd imbedded in feldspathic granite. Their thickness varies from a few inches to thres fset. He had himself seen the ores yielding $1,300 to the ton, and the average. was $200, the cost of extraction beiag $80 tothe ton. The cost is high at Austin, because the ore has to be brought from the inovatains a long way off. At Virginia City the ores yield only forty dollars per ton, hut as thay do not have to be, roasted, the cost is less, and they are very profitahle. Austia was unknown three years ago. Tar Treasure Datrr.—The treasure shipment by the steamer of Tuesday last was $1,328,069. The total sbipments since the first of Junuary last were $16.431,288; a decrease of $1,012,666, from the shipments durng the sams period last year.)