Volume 12 (1866) (428 pages)

The Biining and Scientific Press, silk-worms as ight men can do in Europe. As my mode of enlture is adapted to the climate of Culifornia, I propose to call it California Silk Culture. It could by no meuns be employed either in Fraace or Italy, where they have rains duriug the season of feediug, but might be used iu any place where there is a climate sitnilar to this. The cultnre of silk in California is so simple that nny one may anderstand it. It is caxy work, and can be done by quite young persons, cither mule or fernale; the ladies, thereforo, may have tho pleasure of raising their own silk. Te will ho a great pleasure to mo to have contributed semething townrds the retention in our State of the millions of dollars that ure paid out for the single importation of silk. Not only may we raise silk for our own consumption, hut we cnn, in Califurnia, raiso silk for the world, and export it. ‘This articlo must increase in value; this year it is increased twenty-five per cent in price in Europe. It is nn article in which we need not fear competitian ; we need not be afraid to sce our neighbor rnising it, because, if nearly everybody wns raising it all over the State, it would aot lower the price two cents per pound. This year, when the price of fruita is exceedingly low, allows us to show the advantage of the mulberry over fruit trees as the fruit must all be consumed withiu a certaiu time or it is lost, which is very fur from being tho case with tho silk. I havo been engaged in my experiments in Culifornia silk culture three years, and this ycar raised over one hundred thousand cocvoas. Several geatlemen havo made large plantations, so a8 to pursue this husiness hereafter on a larger scale. Among them I can name Mr. A. Packard, and also Mr. Q. Gonx, af Santa Barbara, who have planted three thousand mulberry trees, aad Mr. Glessing of San Joaquin Vulley, whose plantation dutes from last year. Besides what may be dono with the silk, we have a constant demaad for eggs by tho European culturists, as there thoy have the disense, aad to insure a erop havo. to get their eggs from conatries where the disease does not prevuil. By aot using sound egys their erop ia very much exposed ; but, besides all that, and all they can do, in their best years their losses are generally twenty-five per cent, sometimes fifty per cent, and, in very bad years, as high as seventy-live per cent. Here wo suffer nane of these losses, nnd, us there is nothing to cause disense, every worm makes a cocoon. This also merits some refection and consideration in fuvor of the supertority af our climate. It would be quite too long to enumernte everything in our favor, but I cannot help remarking that the principal point is that the mulberry treo grows here most luxuriaatly, and I believe, also, that our virgin soil produces leaves af tho best quality, In order that every one may be ahlo to raise his own mulberry trees, I huve published a treatise on the culture of thut tree, both by seeds and cuttings, in the Culifornia Farmer,” and also in tho French es It is calculated that on ounce of silk worm eggs contains forty thousand ; I havo produced several millions af cggs this season, and they were all sold at tho rate of ten dollars er ouuce, to be sent to Franco, and those for years to come are engaged for the same house. If I had them by hundreds of pounds I could sell them immediately. Tbo eves nro in great demand, nlso, for Mexico; I had an order for that eountry for 500 onneces, but, of course, was uaable to fill it. Tho largest order Thad was for one hundred pounds, for Italy, and when I received that order I had only three ounces to sell. All this shows that in tho future, besides supplying © large export demand for silk, we will also have to export largely of eggs. The variety of mulberry to cultivate to obtain tho best quality of silk is the white mulherry (morus alba), and its vuricties, particulurly tho moretts. As to tho multzcaulis, I would recommend it only when tho worms nore very young, but not afterwards. The feeding of tho worms continues only thirty-two or thirty-four days when they make their cocoons, and twelve days after that they come out butterflies, and Iny their eyys for the following year. They bavo to be kept in a cool, dry cellar to prevent them from hatching. Euch female is expeeted to Jay about three hundred eggs. Three hundred good eocoons weigh about ono pouud, and un ounce of eggs ean produce one bundred und sixty-five pounds of cocoons; twenty-eight ounces of selected cocoons give two ounces of eggs. REMARKS OF NR. HENRY HENTSCH. The memorandum of Mr, Prevost coatains valuable and correct information about Californiu silk culturo, The main point on which the report must uttract the attention of the community is this, that California has one of the best, if not the very best elimnte in the world for producing silk successfully, on account of the absenvo of rains and storms during the months of May, Junc, and July, which, preyailing in Europe, kill inillioas and millions of silk-worms annually. The sccond pointis, that it does not require any capital—or, at least, very little— ‘merely the purchase of the mulherry trees, which may be planted around the farms, cottages, aud country residences. The shade of the mulberry tree is as good as the shade of the cotton-wood tree, and the fruit is very good for poultry. When the trees have grown up, the children and women mny start in the silk trade, as it requires only the labor of gathering leaves to feed the worins, and that occupation tukes only six weeks. It would be uscless to go into further detail, as the practico is ten times more valuablo than the theory. There are in California « great number of Italians and Frenchmen who understand the silk raising business, and it will be very easy to have information aud directions when wanted. The point to be first attended to is the planting of mulberry trees, which involves but a trifling expense for the present, and may provo of very great value in a few years. ON AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS. Committee t J. A. HOBART, Cc. W. HAM. The following awards were madc by the Committee: D. E. Hough, Oakland, for the largest display of fruits, consisting of fifty-three varicties of apples and one hundred and eight varieties of pears, and a variety of plums, crah apples, etc—-Awarded a diploma. . Dan. L. Peking’ Oakland, for his fine assortment of California grown seeds and excellent display of fruit-—Awarded a silver medal. F,, Despois, for bis exhibition of thirty-three varieties of fine grapes.—Awarded a first premium. Matthew Keller, for exhibition of four hales California grown tobacco and three cotton plants.—Awarded a eertificate of merit. Mr. Keller is an applicant for the State bounty of $1,000 offered for the first one hundred bales of cotton grown in Culifornia by ono person, aud the samples exhibited were from a patch of 110 acres rown hy him uear Los Angclos. Mr. Keller was awarded a gold medal by tho nstitute for his enterpriso in striving to secure the above named bounty from the State. Jared Runyon, Sacramento River Ranch, exhibited five plates of apples and eleven plates of pears of magnificent appearance. F. Brown, Onisbo, Sacramento river, exhibited twenty-five Gloria Mundi apples, the whole weighing thirty pounds. B. N. Bugbey, Natoma Valley, E1 Dorado County, for a box of California raisins, cured in 1864.—Awarded a diploma. The Exhibition being held in August, was too early in the season to admit of Mr. Bugbey exhibiting raisins of this ycar's enring. The sample exhibited of 1864 curiag was in good order, and showed by its admirable keepiag qualities that California might, not only supply tho home demand, but could produce large quantities for export, whenever circumstances sball warrant an extension of tho business in that direction. Mr. Bugbcy will make some 10,000 pounds of raisins this season. R. B. Woodward, exhibits five bunches of Black Hamburg grapes, of superior excellence, grown under glass, at the Mission Dolores, and twenty-nine plates of pears, grown at Oak Knoll, Napa County. Simeon Statas, Sacramento river, for a fine display of hops on one vine, was awardcd u certificate of merit. ‘ Z Daniel Flint, Sacramento, exbibited three extraordiuarily large bunches of hop OWers. J. G. Dow, Russian River Valley, exbibited corn stalks fourteen feet high, and loaded with ears of corn. C. H. F. Hildebrand, exhibited rhubarb, lettuce and potatoes grown from imported seed. C. W. Weston, Pacifie Market, exhibited a basket of samples of fruit, beautifully arranged, : EF. Peck, Watsonville, Sauta Cruz County, nad J. Runyon, Sacramento river, exhibited eaormous squashes, grown by thea. F. Ferris, San Lorenzo, Alaineda County, exhibited five mammoth eucumbers. Jewell’s Vermont Dairy exhibited two vliveses of fine appenrince. £. #. Thurber, Solano County, exhibited two bunches of flame-colored tokay grapes of very superior appeurunee, : ON FLOWERS, Coimmanitteo: Mus. J. G. HARDING, THOMAS BENNETT. The following-nomed pnrties were nwarded certificates of merit for collections of flowers nud plunts displayed during the Puir: Ars. Itichards, for keeping a table supplied with haad-bouquets. Mr, John Koss, un nniuteur florist of Ouklnnd, fer the best collection of cacti. Messrs, Collie §Stewart, for a fiue and contiunons display, duriag the Fair, of about two hundred species of plants. Mr, James Lick, tor a fiue show of twenty-fivo varieties of China Asters.— Awurded # diploma. P. Nolan, Belle View Nursery, Oakland, fer a fino display of Gladiati, aad a nomber of rare cut flowers. Col. Walker, Goldeu Gate Nursery, for a very great variety of raro plants, houquets wreaths, emblems and cut flowers. ON GROCERIES. Committee: MRS. HENRY L. DAVIS, R. E. ROWLAND. In this department are some of the most important manufactures of the Pacifie eoast, whieh give employment to many hundreds of persons, and thereby eause the retcution of'n large amouut of capital, and its prolit, in our midst. Prominent amoag these is tho refining of raw sugars by the San Frmneisco and Pacilic Sugar Compuaay, which is capable of sapplying the entire demand for refined sugars on the Pucific coast of the Uuited States. Iu this refinery sixty-fivo thousand pounds of ruw sugar are used daily, the result of which is some sixty thousand pounds of refiaed sugar, of differcut grades, which havo no superior in quality from aay refiacry in the world. Besides the relined sugar, there is produced a large amouat of syrup, which, in this markey is preferred to any imported. In the various departments of this refiaery, there are two hundred and tweuty-five men employed. Tho Bay Sugar Retiuery Company of this city made no exhibit, but it is kaown to produce lurge quantities of relined sugars and syrup. All the raw sugars are imported, but it is to bo boped that, in time, Culifornia will supply tbo sugar required, as she possesses a soil and climate said to be well adapted for the successful raising of it. this particular thero scems to huve been exhibited on aputhy remarkable for so energetic and enterprising a people, but few trials having been mado, and those mostly by inexperienced persons, whose labors,not being directed aright, have thus been thrown away. Could tho demand for raw sugars for domestic consumption be supplied by our own pcople, additional employment would be given to many thousands of persons, while, betwecn the valuo of the sugar produced, and tho enhanced value of the lands producing it, many millions of taxable property would be added to the assessment rolls of the State. Certainly, in view of tho great results to be obtaiaed, it would scem to be the imperative duty of the vurious agricultural societies, that have from time to timo drawn support from the State treasury, to make some persistent, practical efforts to inaugurate the raising of sugar. Where the fig, oruage, lemon, olive, and ulmond tbrivo without protection, the successful culture of the sugar cane may reasonably be hoped tor. It is by the success of such great agricultural products that the permanent prosperity of tho S<ate will be secured, a3 importing aud wanufucturiny intcrests alone aroliable to great and injurious depressions, which check and dishcarten tho energies of u peoplo. Among other important manufacturing interests is that of munufacturing adamantine candles, which is now heing eagaged in by Wm. H. Scoville & Co., of this city, who havo exhibited at the Fair very good specimens of their own make. The large extent of tunnel and quartz mining throughout this State and adjacent territory which get their supplies of cundles through this city from the Atlantie States, would scem to afford a field of enterpriso tempting and lucrative enough for capital to largely engage in. Considcrable difficulties, however, huve existed to prevent the successlul inauguration of this branch of mannfucture up to the present time, but it is to be hoped that better opportunitics will now occur for its successful prosecution. One greut drawback to the extensive manufacture of caudles in this State has been tho scarcity of lard, our agricultural population not huving given the raisiag of swine that prominence in their business which itiutrinsically deserves. While, on the one hand, they declaimed ubout hard times in their business—which undoubtedly at times was true—on their own part they have not striven to produce many articles which they migbt have done, the supplying of which would have lessened the draiu of treasure that is eonstantly going on to puy for iinportations. Conipctent parties, familiar with tbe importation of candies at this port, estimate the amount ut over half a million of dollars annually. When to this is added the consumption of lard oil for many purposes, and of which over 3,000 barrels have, witbin the last ycar, been transferred (by the admixturo of mutton tallow here) into an article termed lard, and the large amounts of pork, bucon, and lard impovted, it swells the total that could, as well as not, be saved by farmers to the State, to from $1,200,000 tv $1,500,000 per annum. It is not within the province of this Committee to go outside of the sphere of duties assigned them in Inakiug their report, bat they trust that the suggestions made above may be well considered, and thereby prove of service. Another production, which by its exccllence has driven the imported articles out of the markct, is the manufacture of vermicelli, maccaroni, aud kindred edible pastes, all of which are manufactured in this city. L extract of Coffee exhilited by Zwick & Lowen, of San Francisco. Dfacaroni, Vermicelli and Italian Pastes. exhibited by Brignardello, Maehieavello & Co, Sau Francisco. The articles exbibited were of most excellent quality, and the committee awarded the exhibitors a silver medal. Ground Coffee and Spices, in glass and paper, exhibited by J. Strelitz, San Francisco. A very tine assortment of excellent quality. Ground Coffee und Spices, exhibited by C, Bernard, San Francisco, which for snperiority were awarded a first premium, Sugars and Syrups, exhibited by the San Francisco & Pacific Sugar Refining Co. This company made a splendid exhibit of refined suars und syrups of their manufucture, which were awarded a silver medal. Sauce for Meats, exhibited by P. B. Comins, which was a fine article, a diploma. Bacon and Hams, exbibited by Wm. Dick & Co. These smoked meats were of fine appearance and most excellent fluvor, equal, in the opinion of tho comniittee, to any heretofore exbibited. Awarded a diploma. Fine Salt, exhibited by Plummcr & Co, San Franciseo, premium. Dairy and Table Salt, exhibited by A. B. Winegar, agent, Union Salt Works, San Francisco. Awarded a second premium, Aldamantine Candles, exhibited hy Wm. H. Scovillo & Co., San Francisco. Awarded a silver medal, Soap and Soap Powders, exhibited by the Standard Soap Company, San Francisco. This Company exhibited samples of excellent soap for family, laundry and toilet uses. They ulso exhibited a concentrated erasive washiug powder, which, by tbe addition of water, forms at onco an excellent quality of soft soap. Awarded a first premium. ; Soft Soap, by Miss Maggie Conghlin, San Francisco, ono tnb soft soap, homepe from table scraps—u most excellent article of its kind. Awarded a certificate of incrit. Awarded Awarded a first ON MATCHES. Committee i ANDREW S. CHURCH, JOSHUA HENDY, GEO. S. DICKEY. This portion of the Fair was well represented by the “Excelsior,” ‘‘ California,” and " Kureka’’ Match Compauies, all indicating commendable progress in this branch of California industry. : The committee found about equal merit in the articles exhibited by eacb of the abovo competitors, but think the Eurcka” eompany justly entitled to the first premium in this division for variety aud finish. Awarded a first premium. vo §shs Yellow Jacket at 350@382 perft, b 3 lsh Yellow Jacket at 385 per fool, b 30, 6 shs Chollar-Polvsl at 234 per foot, b 10, 11 she Chollar-Potos! at al 24@233 per ft. § sls Chollar-Potos! at 238 per foot, b 3. 20 sha Daney at Sper foot. lsh Beleber at 175 per foot. 24 shs Ophir at 40@345 per foct. 4uhs Alpha, @, 11., at 280 per foat, 9 shs Overman at 41@42% per foot. 45 sha Sierra Nevada at 74@54y per sh. 10 shs Wide West at? pershare, a 30. 77 shs lmperint at 11733@11533 per share, c, 10 shs Imperial at 1164,@1153 per sb, 8 5, 10 shs Ini perlal at 112 per share, s 30, 10shs Bullion at 824% per share. 38,600 Legal Tender Notes at 7lc. $20,000 Nallonai Bank Notes, 703c. $18,000 Natlonal Bank Nolos, 70jc, b 5, ATTEANOQON SESSION. Ish Savage at 7i0 per fool. lsh Savage at 705 per foot, a 10, 2 shs Savage at 695 per foot, a 80. Ish Savage at 7074 per foot. 2shs Savage at 700 per foot, s 10. lsh Savage at 690 per foot, 6 30, 13 shs Savage at 700 per foot, s 30, 3ahs Savage at 706 per foot, 2 shs Savage at 700 per foot, 8 15. 2 shs Savage at 720 per foot, b 30. 2 shs Yellow Jacket at 385 per foot. Ish Yellow Jacket nt 375 per toot, 8 30, lsh Yellow Jacket at 37734 per foot. lsh Yellow Jackct at 375 per foot, s 10. 2 shs Ycllow Jacket at 378 per foot. 2shs Yellow Jacket at 370 per foot. 3shs Yellow Jacket at 370 per foot, b 3. 8 sha Yellow Jucket at $65 per toot. 3shs Yellow Jacket at 370 per ft, 8 5. 4shs Hale & Norcroya at 370 per foot, b 2. 2shs Hale & Norcross at 375 per foot, b 3. 2shs Hale & Norcross at 375 per foot. 4sha Halo & Norcross at 372 per ft, b 2 2shs Hale & Norcross at 37234 per lwot. 4shs Gould & Curry at 800 per foot, 260. 10 shs Chollar-Potosl at 233 per foot. 61 sha Imperial at 115@114}; per share, Sshs Imperial at 118 persharc.53. 16 shs Imperla) at 114@113 per sbare. 10 shs Imperial at 110 per share, 430. 7 shs Imperial at 1124@112 per share. &shs Imperial at 110 per share, 16, lsh Imperial at 11] per share. 1sh Imperlat at 110 per share, s &. 10 shs Confideuce at 43@44 per share, 10 shs Lady Bryan at 133 per sharo, &shs Exchequer at §4 per share. Amount of sales.. oases ee + $158,993 00 Thursday, dJunuary 25. I2 sha Ophir at 335 ner foot. 13shs Savage al 705@685 per foot. lsh Savago at 700 per foot, 45. 3sha Savage at 700@650 per foot, s 10. 6 shs Halo & Norcross at 3854380, 8 3. 22 shs Hale & Norcross at 37244@350 per ft. 10 shs Hnle & Norcross at 360@345 , 8 10. 1. shes Yellow Jacket at 360@465 per loot. shs Yellow Jacket at 350 per loot, 8 30. shs Yellow Jacket at 459 per share, 8 3, she Yellow Jacket at 365@3655 pr ft, b 3. shs Yellow Jacket at 350 per ool, 310, shs Belcher at 160 per foot. sh Chollar-Potosl at 234 per foot. 45shs Overman at 40@11 per share. 5 she Overman at 40 per foot, 8 10. 30 shs Imperial at 109@107 per share, 8 30. 87 shs Imperlal at 111@199 per sharo. 35 shs Imperlal at 109@110 per sharo, 83. shs Imperlal at 11) per share, b 30. sha Imporlal at 108 per share, s 18, shs Bullion at 32@3244 per share. shs Bulllon at 32@32% per share. shs Bulllon at 30 per share, 530. shs Exchequer at 5 per share. JO sha Slerra Nevada at 734 per share. $20,090 Legal Teader Netes at 71@7074. AFTEANOON SESSION. 3shs Yellow Jacket at 340 per foat, 4 10. 5 sls Yellow Jacket at 340 per foot. 1 shs Yellow Jackct at 330 per toot, s 30. 2 shs Yellow Jacket at 345 per foot, b3. 2sh3 Yellow Jacket at 335 per share,s 10, lsh Yel.ow Jacket at 350 per foot, b 30. 3shs Yellow Jacket at 310@335 per 1t,8 3 Ish Savage at 69 per fool, 830, 2sha Savuge at 700 por Foot. b 30, 2 shs Savage at 690 per foot, s 10. 4shs Savage at 685 per foot, 4 30. 7Tshs Savavo at 690 per foot, 8 30. lsh Savago at 690 per foot. I shs Savage at 69744 per foot. 4 shs Suvaye at 645 per foot, lsh Savage at 685 per foot. 530. Belcher at 155 por foot. Belcher at 15744 per footd. Belcher at 160 per loot. late & Norcross at 365 per foot. 4shs Alpha, G. H., at 265 per foot, 43. 4shs Alpha, G. H., at 278 per toot, b 30, 12 shs Ophir at 335 per Toot. 12shs Ophir at 350 per foot. $ushs Exchequer, al 6per share, 4sha lmperlal 01 11044 per share. §Sshs lmperial nt 110 per share, s 3, § shs Imperial at 109 per share, 5 10, 10 shs Imperial at 108 per share, 8 30. 5shs lmperlal at1ll per share, 83. 5 ahs Impertal at 1123, per share. 40 shs Imperial at 111 per share. 5shs Imperlal nl 11034 per share, s 6, 15 shs Imperial at 112 per sbane, b 30, Amount of sales.. een ne eee $126,346 00 pean Friday, January 276. * 6 shs Savage at 895@700 per foot. 12 shs Yellow Jacket at Saeed hey foot. Ish Yellow Jacket at 355 per foot, b 30, 6shs Yellow Jacket at 345@3356 per foot. 4ahs Yellow Jacket at 350@315 per ft, 6 30. 4shs Yellow Jacket at 355@350 per foot 6shs Hale & Norcross at 367@3/2 pr foot. 4ahs Hale & Norcross at 380 per foot, b 30, 24 ghs Alpha, G. H., at 240@250 per feot. § ahs Belcher at 165@16) per foot. 12 shsCrown Polnt at 580@810 per foot, 70 slis Imperial at 111@110 per sbare. 10 shs Imperlal at 109per share, 5 30. l2shs Gould & Curry at 820@815 per foot. 4shsCould & Curry at 800 per foot, 5 30. 48 shs Chollar-Potosl at 232@23344 per root. 40 ahs Chollar-Potosl at 231 per foot, a 30. 48shs Ophir at 325 per foot. 35 shg Overman at 40@39 per foot, 45 shs Bullion at 39@4U per share. 10 shs Slerra Nevada at 744 per share. 10 sha Spring Valley W W at $734 per cent $12,000 Lega! Tendcr Notos at Tose. AFTEANOON SESSION. 40 sho Gould & Curry at850 per foot, 8 30. 7Tshs Yellow Jacket at 350 per share. 4 sha Crown Poln at 6i0 per foot. 36 shs Belcher at 156 per foot. 22 shs Hale & Norcross at 480@405 per foot. 1sh Chollar-Potosi at 232 per foot. ? shs Savage at 895 per foot. 2 she Savage at 700 per foot, b 30.) 20 shs Bulllon at 38 per sbare. 20 shs Exchequer at 54 por sbare. evada at 734 per share, at 109@l por sh, cash, at 111@1124 per share, 60 shs Imperial at 11232 per sbare, blu. 35 sbs Imperial at 114 per sbare. Amount of sales,.10000101+ 0+ $119,384 00 10 shs Slerra 60 shs Imperia 48 shs Imperla

The Biining and Scientific Press, silk-worms as ight men can do in Europe. As my mode of enlture is adapted to the climate of Culifornia, I propose to call it California Silk Culture. It could by no meuns be employed either in Fraace or Italy, where they have rains duriug the season of feediug, but might be used iu any place where there is a climate sitnilar to this. The cultnre of silk in California is so simple that nny one may anderstand it. It is caxy work, and can be done by quite young persons, cither mule or fernale; the ladies, thereforo, may have tho pleasure of raising their own silk. Te will ho a great pleasure to mo to have contributed semething townrds the retention in our State of the millions of dollars that ure paid out for the single importation of silk. Not only may we raise silk for our own consumption, hut we cnn, in Califurnia, raiso silk for the world, and export it. ‘This articlo must increase in value; this year it is increased twenty-five per cent in price in Europe. It is nn article in which we need not fear competitian ; we need not be afraid to sce our neighbor rnising it, because, if nearly everybody wns raising it all over the State, it would aot lower the price two cents per pound. This year, when the price of fruita is exceedingly low, allows us to show the advantage of the mulberry over fruit trees as the fruit must all be consumed withiu a certaiu time or it is lost, which is very fur from being tho case with tho silk. I havo been engaged in my experiments in Culifornia silk culture three years, and this ycar raised over one hundred thousand cocvoas. Several geatlemen havo made large plantations, so a8 to pursue this husiness hereafter on a larger scale. Among them I can name Mr. A. Packard, and also Mr. Q. Gonx, af Santa Barbara, who have planted three thousand mulberry trees, aad Mr. Glessing of San Joaquin Vulley, whose plantation dutes from last year. Besides what may be dono with the silk, we have a constant demaad for eggs by tho European culturists, as there thoy have the disense, aad to insure a erop havo. to get their eggs from conatries where the disease does not prevuil. By aot using sound egys their erop ia very much exposed ; but, besides all that, and all they can do, in their best years their losses are generally twenty-five per cent, sometimes fifty per cent, and, in very bad years, as high as seventy-live per cent. Here wo suffer nane of these losses, nnd, us there is nothing to cause disense, every worm makes a cocoon. This also merits some refection and consideration in fuvor of the supertority af our climate. It would be quite too long to enumernte everything in our favor, but I cannot help remarking that the principal point is that the mulberry treo grows here most luxuriaatly, and I believe, also, that our virgin soil produces leaves af tho best quality, In order that every one may be ahlo to raise his own mulberry trees, I huve published a treatise on the culture of thut tree, both by seeds and cuttings, in the Culifornia Farmer,” and also in tho French es It is calculated that on ounce of silk worm eggs contains forty thousand ; I havo produced several millions af cggs this season, and they were all sold at tho rate of ten dollars er ouuce, to be sent to Franco, and those for years to come are engaged for the same house. If I had them by hundreds of pounds I could sell them immediately. Tbo eves nro in great demand, nlso, for Mexico; I had an order for that eountry for 500 onneces, but, of course, was uaable to fill it. Tho largest order Thad was for one hundred pounds, for Italy, and when I received that order I had only three ounces to sell. All this shows that in tho future, besides supplying © large export demand for silk, we will also have to export largely of eggs. The variety of mulberry to cultivate to obtain tho best quality of silk is the white mulherry (morus alba), and its vuricties, particulurly tho moretts. As to tho multzcaulis, I would recommend it only when tho worms nore very young, but not afterwards. The feeding of tho worms continues only thirty-two or thirty-four days when they make their cocoons, and twelve days after that they come out butterflies, and Iny their eyys for the following year. They bavo to be kept in a cool, dry cellar to prevent them from hatching. Euch female is expeeted to Jay about three hundred eggs. Three hundred good eocoons weigh about ono pouud, and un ounce of eggs ean produce one bundred und sixty-five pounds of cocoons; twenty-eight ounces of selected cocoons give two ounces of eggs. REMARKS OF NR. HENRY HENTSCH. The memorandum of Mr, Prevost coatains valuable and correct information about Californiu silk culturo, The main point on which the report must uttract the attention of the community is this, that California has one of the best, if not the very best elimnte in the world for producing silk successfully, on account of the absenvo of rains and storms during the months of May, Junc, and July, which, preyailing in Europe, kill inillioas and millions of silk-worms annually. The sccond pointis, that it does not require any capital—or, at least, very little— ‘merely the purchase of the mulherry trees, which may be planted around the farms, cottages, aud country residences. The shade of the mulberry tree is as good as the shade of the cotton-wood tree, and the fruit is very good for poultry. When the trees have grown up, the children and women mny start in the silk trade, as it requires only the labor of gathering leaves to feed the worins, and that occupation tukes only six weeks. It would be uscless to go into further detail, as the practico is ten times more valuablo than the theory. There are in California « great number of Italians and Frenchmen who understand the silk raising business, and it will be very easy to have information aud directions when wanted. The point to be first attended to is the planting of mulberry trees, which involves but a trifling expense for the present, and may provo of very great value in a few years. ON AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS. Committee t J. A. HOBART, Cc. W. HAM. The following awards were madc by the Committee: D. E. Hough, Oakland, for the largest display of fruits, consisting of fifty-three varicties of apples and one hundred and eight varieties of pears, and a variety of plums, crah apples, etc—-Awarded a diploma. . Dan. L. Peking’ Oakland, for his fine assortment of California grown seeds and excellent display of fruit-—Awarded a silver medal. F,, Despois, for bis exhibition of thirty-three varieties of fine grapes.—Awarded a first premium. Matthew Keller, for exhibition of four hales California grown tobacco and three cotton plants.—Awarded a eertificate of merit. Mr. Keller is an applicant for the State bounty of $1,000 offered for the first one hundred bales of cotton grown in Culifornia by ono person, aud the samples exhibited were from a patch of 110 acres rown hy him uear Los Angclos. Mr. Keller was awarded a gold medal by tho nstitute for his enterpriso in striving to secure the above named bounty from the State. Jared Runyon, Sacramento River Ranch, exhibited five plates of apples and eleven plates of pears of magnificent appearance. F. Brown, Onisbo, Sacramento river, exhibited twenty-five Gloria Mundi apples, the whole weighing thirty pounds. B. N. Bugbey, Natoma Valley, E1 Dorado County, for a box of California raisins, cured in 1864.—Awarded a diploma. The Exhibition being held in August, was too early in the season to admit of Mr. Bugbey exhibiting raisins of this ycar's enring. The sample exhibited of 1864 curiag was in good order, and showed by its admirable keepiag qualities that California might, not only supply tho home demand, but could produce large quantities for export, whenever circumstances sball warrant an extension of tho business in that direction. Mr. Bugbcy will make some 10,000 pounds of raisins this season. R. B. Woodward, exhibits five bunches of Black Hamburg grapes, of superior excellence, grown under glass, at the Mission Dolores, and twenty-nine plates of pears, grown at Oak Knoll, Napa County. Simeon Statas, Sacramento river, for a fine display of hops on one vine, was awardcd u certificate of merit. ‘ Z Daniel Flint, Sacramento, exbibited three extraordiuarily large bunches of hop OWers. J. G. Dow, Russian River Valley, exbibited corn stalks fourteen feet high, and loaded with ears of corn. C. H. F. Hildebrand, exhibited rhubarb, lettuce and potatoes grown from imported seed. C. W. Weston, Pacifie Market, exhibited a basket of samples of fruit, beautifully arranged, : EF. Peck, Watsonville, Sauta Cruz County, nad J. Runyon, Sacramento river, exhibited eaormous squashes, grown by thea. F. Ferris, San Lorenzo, Alaineda County, exhibited five mammoth eucumbers. Jewell’s Vermont Dairy exhibited two vliveses of fine appenrince. £. #. Thurber, Solano County, exhibited two bunches of flame-colored tokay grapes of very superior appeurunee, : ON FLOWERS, Coimmanitteo: Mus. J. G. HARDING, THOMAS BENNETT. The following-nomed pnrties were nwarded certificates of merit for collections of flowers nud plunts displayed during the Puir: Ars. Itichards, for keeping a table supplied with haad-bouquets. Mr, John Koss, un nniuteur florist of Ouklnnd, fer the best collection of cacti. Messrs, Collie §Stewart, for a fiue and contiunons display, duriag the Fair, of about two hundred species of plants. Mr, James Lick, tor a fiue show of twenty-fivo varieties of China Asters.— Awurded # diploma. P. Nolan, Belle View Nursery, Oakland, fer a fino display of Gladiati, aad a nomber of rare cut flowers. Col. Walker, Goldeu Gate Nursery, for a very great variety of raro plants, houquets wreaths, emblems and cut flowers. ON GROCERIES. Committee: MRS. HENRY L. DAVIS, R. E. ROWLAND. In this department are some of the most important manufactures of the Pacifie eoast, whieh give employment to many hundreds of persons, and thereby eause the retcution of'n large amouut of capital, and its prolit, in our midst. Prominent amoag these is tho refining of raw sugars by the San Frmneisco and Pacilic Sugar Compuaay, which is capable of sapplying the entire demand for refined sugars on the Pucific coast of the Uuited States. Iu this refinery sixty-fivo thousand pounds of ruw sugar are used daily, the result of which is some sixty thousand pounds of refiaed sugar, of differcut grades, which havo no superior in quality from aay refiacry in the world. Besides the relined sugar, there is produced a large amouat of syrup, which, in this markey is preferred to any imported. In the various departments of this refiaery, there are two hundred and tweuty-five men employed. Tho Bay Sugar Retiuery Company of this city made no exhibit, but it is kaown to produce lurge quantities of relined sugars and syrup. All the raw sugars are imported, but it is to bo boped that, in time, Culifornia will supply tbo sugar required, as she possesses a soil and climate said to be well adapted for the successful raising of it. this particular thero scems to huve been exhibited on aputhy remarkable for so energetic and enterprising a people, but few trials having been mado, and those mostly by inexperienced persons, whose labors,not being directed aright, have thus been thrown away. Could tho demand for raw sugars for domestic consumption be supplied by our own pcople, additional employment would be given to many thousands of persons, while, betwecn the valuo of the sugar produced, and tho enhanced value of the lands producing it, many millions of taxable property would be added to the assessment rolls of the State. Certainly, in view of tho great results to be obtaiaed, it would scem to be the imperative duty of the vurious agricultural societies, that have from time to timo drawn support from the State treasury, to make some persistent, practical efforts to inaugurate the raising of sugar. Where the fig, oruage, lemon, olive, and ulmond tbrivo without protection, the successful culture of the sugar cane may reasonably be hoped tor. It is by the success of such great agricultural products that the permanent prosperity of tho S<ate will be secured, a3 importing aud wanufucturiny intcrests alone aroliable to great and injurious depressions, which check and dishcarten tho energies of u peoplo. Among other important manufacturing interests is that of munufacturing adamantine candles, which is now heing eagaged in by Wm. H. Scoville & Co., of this city, who havo exhibited at the Fair very good specimens of their own make. The large extent of tunnel and quartz mining throughout this State and adjacent territory which get their supplies of cundles through this city from the Atlantie States, would scem to afford a field of enterpriso tempting and lucrative enough for capital to largely engage in. Considcrable difficulties, however, huve existed to prevent the successlul inauguration of this branch of mannfucture up to the present time, but it is to be hoped that better opportunitics will now occur for its successful prosecution. One greut drawback to the extensive manufacture of caudles in this State has been tho scarcity of lard, our agricultural population not huving given the raisiag of swine that prominence in their business which itiutrinsically deserves. While, on the one hand, they declaimed ubout hard times in their business—which undoubtedly at times was true—on their own part they have not striven to produce many articles which they migbt have done, the supplying of which would have lessened the draiu of treasure that is eonstantly going on to puy for iinportations. Conipctent parties, familiar with tbe importation of candies at this port, estimate the amount ut over half a million of dollars annually. When to this is added the consumption of lard oil for many purposes, and of which over 3,000 barrels have, witbin the last ycar, been transferred (by the admixturo of mutton tallow here) into an article termed lard, and the large amounts of pork, bucon, and lard impovted, it swells the total that could, as well as not, be saved by farmers to the State, to from $1,200,000 tv $1,500,000 per annum. It is not within the province of this Committee to go outside of the sphere of duties assigned them in Inakiug their report, bat they trust that the suggestions made above may be well considered, and thereby prove of service. Another production, which by its exccllence has driven the imported articles out of the markct, is the manufacture of vermicelli, maccaroni, aud kindred edible pastes, all of which are manufactured in this city. L extract of Coffee exhilited by Zwick & Lowen, of San Francisco. Dfacaroni, Vermicelli and Italian Pastes. exhibited by Brignardello, Maehieavello & Co, Sau Francisco. The articles exbibited were of most excellent quality, and the committee awarded the exhibitors a silver medal. Ground Coffee and Spices, in glass and paper, exhibited by J. Strelitz, San Francisco. A very tine assortment of excellent quality. Ground Coffee und Spices, exhibited by C, Bernard, San Francisco, which for snperiority were awarded a first premium, Sugars and Syrups, exhibited by the San Francisco & Pacific Sugar Refining Co. This company made a splendid exhibit of refined suars und syrups of their manufucture, which were awarded a silver medal. Sauce for Meats, exhibited by P. B. Comins, which was a fine article,

a diploma. Bacon and Hams, exbibited by Wm. Dick & Co. These smoked meats were of fine appearance and most excellent fluvor, equal, in the opinion of tho comniittee, to any heretofore exbibited. Awarded a diploma. Fine Salt, exhibited by Plummcr & Co, San Franciseo, premium. Dairy and Table Salt, exhibited by A. B. Winegar, agent, Union Salt Works, San Francisco. Awarded a second premium, Aldamantine Candles, exhibited hy Wm. H. Scovillo & Co., San Francisco. Awarded a silver medal, Soap and Soap Powders, exhibited by the Standard Soap Company, San Francisco. This Company exhibited samples of excellent soap for family, laundry and toilet uses. They ulso exhibited a concentrated erasive washiug powder, which, by tbe addition of water, forms at onco an excellent quality of soft soap. Awarded a first premium. ; Soft Soap, by Miss Maggie Conghlin, San Francisco, ono tnb soft soap, homepe from table scraps—u most excellent article of its kind. Awarded a certificate of incrit. Awarded Awarded a first ON MATCHES. Committee i ANDREW S. CHURCH, JOSHUA HENDY, GEO. S. DICKEY. This portion of the Fair was well represented by the “Excelsior,” ‘‘ California,” and " Kureka’’ Match Compauies, all indicating commendable progress in this branch of California industry. : The committee found about equal merit in the articles exhibited by eacb of the abovo competitors, but think the Eurcka” eompany justly entitled to the first premium in this division for variety aud finish. Awarded a first premium. vo §shs Yellow Jacket at 350@382 perft, b 3 lsh Yellow Jacket at 385 per fool, b 30, 6 shs Chollar-Polvsl at 234 per foot, b 10, 11 she Chollar-Potos! at al 24@233 per ft. § sls Chollar-Potos! at 238 per foot, b 3. 20 sha Daney at Sper foot. lsh Beleber at 175 per foot. 24 shs Ophir at 40@345 per foct. 4uhs Alpha, @, 11., at 280 per foat, 9 shs Overman at 41@42% per foot. 45 sha Sierra Nevada at 74@54y per sh. 10 shs Wide West at? pershare, a 30. 77 shs lmperint at 11733@11533 per share, c, 10 shs Imperial at 1164,@1153 per sb, 8 5, 10 shs Ini perlal at 112 per share, s 30, 10shs Bullion at 824% per share. 38,600 Legal Tender Notes at 7lc. $20,000 Nallonai Bank Notes, 703c. $18,000 Natlonal Bank Nolos, 70jc, b 5, ATTEANOQON SESSION. Ish Savage at 7i0 per fool. lsh Savage at 705 per foot, a 10, 2 shs Savage at 695 per foot, a 80. Ish Savage at 7074 per foot. 2shs Savage at 700 per foot, s 10. lsh Savage at 690 per foot, 6 30, 13 shs Savage at 700 per foot, s 30, 3ahs Savage at 706 per foot, 2 shs Savage at 700 per foot, 8 15. 2 shs Savage at 720 per foot, b 30. 2 shs Yellow Jacket at 385 per foot. Ish Yellow Jacket nt 375 per toot, 8 30, lsh Yellow Jacket at 37734 per foot. lsh Yellow Jackct at 375 per foot, s 10. 2 shs Ycllow Jacket at 378 per foot. 2shs Yellow Jacket at 370 per foot. 3shs Yellow Jacket at 370 per foot, b 3. 8 sha Yellow Jucket at $65 per toot. 3shs Yellow Jacket at 370 per ft, 8 5. 4shs Hale & Norcroya at 370 per foot, b 2. 2shs Hale & Norcross at 375 per foot, b 3. 2shs Hale & Norcross at 375 per foot. 4sha Halo & Norcross at 372 per ft, b 2 2shs Hale & Norcross at 37234 per lwot. 4shs Gould & Curry at 800 per foot, 260. 10 shs Chollar-Potosl at 233 per foot. 61 sha Imperial at 115@114}; per share, Sshs Imperial at 118 persharc.53. 16 shs Imperla) at 114@113 per sbare. 10 shs Imperial at 110 per share, 430. 7 shs Imperial at 1124@112 per share. &shs Imperial at 110 per share, 16, lsh Imperial at 11] per share. 1sh Imperlat at 110 per share, s &. 10 shs Confideuce at 43@44 per share, 10 shs Lady Bryan at 133 per sharo, &shs Exchequer at §4 per share. Amount of sales... oases ee + $158,993 00 Thursday, dJunuary 25. I2 sha Ophir at 335 ner foot. 13shs Savage al 705@685 per foot. lsh Savago at 700 per foot, 45. 3sha Savage at 700@650 per foot, s 10. 6 shs Halo & Norcross at 3854380, 8 3. 22 shs Hale & Norcross at 37244@350 per ft. 10 shs Hnle & Norcross at 360@345 , 8 10. 1. shes Yellow Jacket at 360@465 per loot. shs Yellow Jacket at 350 per loot, 8 30. shs Yellow Jacket at 459 per share, 8 3, she Yellow Jacket at 365@3655 pr ft, b 3. shs Yellow Jacket at 350 per ool, 310, shs Belcher at 160 per foot. sh Chollar-Potosl at 234 per foot. 45shs Overman at 40@11 per share. 5 she Overman at 40 per foot, 8 10. 30 shs Imperial at 109@107 per share, 8 30. 87 shs Imperlal at 111@199 per sharo. 35 shs Imperlal at 109@110 per sharo, 83. shs Imperlal at 11) per share, b 30. sha Imporlal at 108 per share, s 18, shs Bullion at 32@3244 per share. shs Bulllon at 32@32% per share. shs Bulllon at 30 per share, 530. shs Exchequer at 5 per share. JO sha Slerra Nevada at 734 per share. $20,090 Legal Teader Netes at 71@7074. AFTEANOON SESSION. 3shs Yellow Jacket at 340 per foat, 4 10. 5 sls Yellow Jacket at 340 per foot. 1 shs Yellow Jackct at 330 per toot, s 30. 2 shs Yellow Jacket at 345 per foot, b3. 2sh3 Yellow Jacket at 335 per share,s 10, lsh Yel.ow Jacket at 350 per foot, b 30. 3shs Yellow Jacket at 310@335 per 1t,8 3 Ish Savage at 69 per fool, 830, 2sha Savuge at 700 por Foot. b 30, 2 shs Savage at 690 per foot, s 10. 4shs Savage at 685 per foot, 4 30. 7Tshs Savavo at 690 per foot, 8 30. lsh Savago at 690 per foot. I shs Savage at 69744 per foot. 4 shs Suvaye at 645 per foot, lsh Savage at 685 per foot. 530. Belcher at 155 por foot. Belcher at 15744 per footd. Belcher at 160 per loot. late & Norcross at 365 per foot. 4shs Alpha, G. H., at 265 per foot, 43. 4shs Alpha, G. H., at 278 per toot, b 30, 12 shs Ophir at 335 per Toot. 12shs Ophir at 350 per foot. $ushs Exchequer, al 6per share, 4sha lmperlal 01 11044 per share. §Sshs lmperial nt 110 per share, s 3, § shs Imperial at 109 per share, 5 10, 10 shs Imperial at 108 per share, 8 30. 5shs lmperlal at1ll per share, 83. 5 ahs Impertal at 1123, per share. 40 shs Imperial at 111 per share. 5shs Imperlal nl 11034 per share, s 6, 15 shs Imperial at 112 per sbane, b 30, Amount of sales... een ne eee $126,346 00 pean Friday, January 276. * 6 shs Savage at 895@700 per foot. 12 shs Yellow Jacket at Saeed hey foot. Ish Yellow Jacket at 355 per foot, b 30, 6shs Yellow Jacket at 345@3356 per foot. 4ahs Yellow Jacket at 350@315 per ft, 6 30. 4shs Yellow Jacket at 355@350 per foot 6shs Hale & Norcross at 367@3/2 pr foot. 4ahs Hale & Norcross at 380 per foot, b 30, 24 ghs Alpha, G. H., at 240@250 per feot. § ahs Belcher at 165@16) per foot. 12 shsCrown Polnt at 580@810 per foot, 70 slis Imperial at 111@110 per sbare. 10 shs Imperlal at 109per share, 5 30. l2shs Gould & Curry at 820@815 per foot. 4shsCould & Curry at 800 per foot, 5 30. 48 shs Chollar-Potosl at 232@23344 per root. 40 ahs Chollar-Potosl at 231 per foot, a 30. 48shs Ophir at 325 per foot. 35 shg Overman at 40@39 per foot, 45 shs Bullion at 39@4U per share. 10 shs Slerra Nevada at 744 per share. 10 sha Spring Valley W W at $734 per cent $12,000 Lega! Tendcr Notos at Tose. AFTEANOON SESSION. 40 sho Gould & Curry at850 per foot, 8 30. 7Tshs Yellow Jacket at 350 per share. 4 sha Crown Poln at 6i0 per foot. 36 shs Belcher at 156 per foot. 22 shs Hale & Norcross at 480@405 per foot. 1sh Chollar-Potosi at 232 per foot. ? shs Savage at 895 per foot. 2 she Savage at 700 per foot, b 30.) 20 shs Bulllon at 38 per sbare. 20 shs Exchequer at 54 por sbare. evada at 734 per share, at 109@l por sh, cash, at 111@1124 per share, 60 shs Imperial at 11232 per sbare, blu. 35 sbs Imperial at 114 per sbare. Amount of sales,..10000101+ 0+ $119,384 00 10 shs Slerra 60 shs Imperia 48 shs Imperla