Volume 13 (1866) (424 pages)

3 She Mining and ton The gold brick was shown me by Mr. J. K. Stewart, the accommodating superintendent, which wags stamped $159.91. The zold contains silyer, and is worth some $16 per ounce. WINTON’S MILL, Just holow the California, on tho south, was built last summer by the present owner, Mr. N.W. Winton,o gentleman well known to the political and mining circles of Nevada State. The millat preseut contains only five stamps of 750 pounds weight, but the foundation for ten staiups hag been Jaid,and they will be erseted this season. The enzine is 25-horse power, built at the Valean Works, San Franeixco, in good condition, and fully sufficient for all power needed. Whecler & Randall's amalgamators nre used—three in Mumber. Some considerable work has been done in this mill, but it isnot in operation at pressot. ‘I'he silyer process has been the mode of treating rock, but it lias been found too expensive, and changes are being made to work it by different mothods. ‘Ihe practical miners here are learfal that the quartz is of a dilficult character, and will present many unfavorable features that mist be overcome. Lelouging to the null are four lalges—the Indion Boy, 8. M. Star, and Seneca. [nt little work has boen dons ou the ledges, nnd, consequently, but little known of their valuc. On the Indian Boy a shaft forty fect deep has been sunk, and a cut thirty-five feet in leugth by fifteen feot iu depth has been extended on the ledge. From the ledgo some very rich ore has been taken. The quartz is hard, of dark tinge, similar to rusty iron, nnd filled with sulphorets of different kinds of iron, and arsenic being the priucipal ones. The yield of fres guld was $20 per ton. ‘The rock requires roasting hefore crushing. Sodinmamalgam has been used very successfully at this mill. The operations’of the mill will comMence soon, and the energy of the propristor will kesp it in steady motion during the sumnier. Since writinz the abovn, 1 have been informed that the mill bag been leased by the Mohawk and Montreal company for two months, they paying $600 per month rsnt. ENTENPRISE MINE AND MILL Is sitnated about six miles southeast from Meadow Lake, between tlie forks of the South Yuba. It is about three milés north from Cisco, an intended station of the Pacific Railroad. The mine is near the summit of a granite hill, at an elevation of somie five or six thousnnd feet. ‘The ledge. one of the largest I have ever seen, extends portheast by southwest, in acasing of hard granite. The eastern wall has been found, but the western is not in sight. ‘he cut on the ledge is lorty feet wide, from which soms tio or three thousand tons of rich ore has been taken. Last year some ten tons of it were sold to a gentleman iu San Francisco, for fifty cents psr pound, an extravagant price seemingly, yet it will not seem so when you are told tbat it yielded $5,000 per ton throughout. The lowest ore worked from the surfuce yielded $101 pet ton. ‘The richness of the ore is increasing as the lead descends. ‘fhs rock is of a blue and grey cast, holding a great quantity nf blue sulphurets, which are very rich in gold. The blue quartz’ is the richest, far exceeding the grey in yield. ‘The company own 1,500 feet on the ledge. Rock is now beiog sacked, preparatory to being sent to Swansea. The superintendent of tbis mine is Mr. Warren Rose, an experienced miner Irom the silver leads of Nevada. ‘The mill conuected witb tbe wine is owned by w separate company altogether, who crush by the ton. It is owned by Messrs. Goss & Lambert, of Sacramento. An outside view presents no very handsome appearanes, as it is built of rough logs. The reason of this is, that at the tims it was built no lumber could be obtained, the snow being ten or fifteen feet deep. On the principle that there is notbing in appearances, this mil! will pass as a good concern. ‘The frame-work inside isso constructed that the walls can be pulled down and constructsd anew witbout interfering with the structure of macbinery. The principal feature of interest in tbis mill isthe New Knterprise Pulverizsr, built by Mr. G. W. King, a gentleman of extensive experience in mining machinery. It consists of three large cast iron wheels 514 feet iu diameter, of 3.000 pounds weight, attached to a perpendicular shaft, around which they revolve on a cireular plate twenty-five feet in circumference. Ths rock, alter being breken into small particles by Blske’s rock crusher, is thrown into ,a hopper, which, by ineans of three feeding pipes, places the reck onthe plate. After one revolution of the wheel the dnst is scraped by self-acting scrapers into a receiver in the middle of the circular plates, frou whieb elevators carry it to sieves, where it is bolted, the fine dust passing to amalgamators, and the coarser again to the hopper, to be ecrusbed over. ‘The inventor claims that thess wheels will outerush any 30)stamp mill on the coast. Jf such isa tact it will bs ons of ths best inventious tbat could be Scientific Bress. will he laid aside, nnd not one-tenth ths power is tecessary to drive them that would bs required to drive a battery of thirty stamps. An engine of 5-horso power is ull the power necessary for tho pulverizer. The inill will be retitted witb new umalgnniators and other imachitery during the summer, nud be prepared to do constant work. The desulphurizer meutioned in the Press a few uumbers ago, hus been torn down and thrown out-doors as a useless concern. The ainalgamators to be nsed are Wheeler & Randall’s pew pans. Time and space forbids mention of mors claims. As there are many ledges here that deservs notice, in my next I shall givo them a ehunee. W. Meadow Lake, June 21, 1866. Brackner’s Mechanical Roasting Furnace, This invention, which we havs frequently mentioned before, is reported by one of the Nevada State papers, to be a success upon a practical trial. he following, published recently in the Virginia City Enterprise, gives a fair idea of the apparatus : We paid a visit yosterday afternoon to the Central mill, iu this city, for the purpose of seeing Bruckuer’s roasting furnace operate. This newly-invented furnace is simply a horizontnl revolving cylinder, nine feet in length hy three feet in diameter, and made of heavy boiler iron, with a fire-place at one end, from whence the heat passes througb a flue into the cylinder and out at the other end. ‘Tbe charge of dry crushed ore for this furnace is 1,000 pounds, which is thorouzhly roasted in the average tims of thres hours. ‘le ore is introduced into tho cylinder by means of a square hole in the side, and when completely roasted it is emptied out through the same aperture. By means of an inclined partition, placed diagonally along the center of the cylinder and nearly to each end of it, the ore is made to pass constantly Irom one end to the other while it is revolving, thos squalizing the heat, and consequeutly the roasting. “he cylinder rests on a set of iron wheels at each eud, and is made to revolve at ths rats of about once per minute by means ol cog gearing. This furnace has been in operation but a lew days, but yet quite long erough to demonstrate it to be a perlvet snecess. The hent, after passing through the furuace, passes into a condeusiug cbamber of brick, by means of which wet ore can be dried. Thus; it is not requisite that the ore should be dry crushed for this farnace, which is quite a saving to the capacity and wear and tear of the mill stamps. Two men can atteud to five of these luruaces easily in twenty-four hours, the amount ol wood consumed during that length of time being only about three-nuarters of a cord. The working capucity of the furuace is estimated to be Irom three to eight tous in twenty-four hours, ac. cording to the character of the ore. Wet crushing and ainalganiating, without roasting, gives at present an average working yield of sixty per cent. of the assaying value, at a cost of fifteen dollars per ton, while the crushing, roasting and amalgamating process will give a yield of eighty per cent. of the assay value, at an additional cost of from five to eight dollars per ton. From the above it will be seen that forty dollar ores, and all of higber value, will pay for roasting. If this furnace performs all it promises—and we believe it will—it is destined to be an important auxiliary to the working of ores, and greatly enbauce the yield of our mines. The furnace can be seen in operation at tbe Central mill by all interested in such matters. Desvipnvnizixe Coau.—Mr. Charles F. Dennet, who for twelve years was tbe active agent of the Colt’s Fire-arms Factory Company in New York, is about introducing a new method for the treatment of coal, whicb has been pro. nounced a decided success. The coal prepared by the new process, which is very simple and ctisap, is said to be far superior to coke for melting iron, etc. A much hotter fire can he made with it than with coke. Cast-steel heated by coal thus treated has been welded without the use of borax or other ingredients. Pig. iron which has proved too hard, has been fouud to yield and produce as good work as turned out with some of the best brands of iron. Crystallized iron, after melting once or twice iu a cupola with the desulphurized coal prepared hy the new art, has been found to work exceedingly, well, Tbe whele apparatus and ingredients to treat 100 bushels of coal can be put up for from £5 to £10, audit is stated that 60 bushels prepared by this procesa give as inuch heat as 85 bushels of tho best coal not so prepared. ‘The coal burns witha bright and violent blaze,and for family use effectually gets rid of the smoky, smouldering fires, and substitutes one of a bright avd cheerful character. ‘lo smiths’ and manufacturing estahlishments, where large and strong fires are kept up, it is proposed to grant rights for usage at sucb low rates as to insure its general adoptiou, aod do away in a great measurs with the possihly made, for the.jar and wear of stamps . sntoke nuisanes that is 30 injurious everywhere. ~ Hlechanieal. The Art of Soldering. Soldering is the art of mslting the surface of tetals togetlier by partial fosion, and tho ingertion of an alloy between the edges, whicli is called solder, it being more fusible than the nietala which it unites. Solders ore distinguished os hard and soft, accarding to their difficulty of fusion. Tard solders usually melt ouly ata red heat, but soft solders fuss at a lower temperaturo. In applying solder it is of the utmost importanco that ths edges to be united should be cheinically cleau—fres froin oxyd—and they should be protected from the air by some flux. ‘lho commnn fluxes used iu soldering are borax, sal-ammoniac, and resin. Hard silver solder is composed of four parts of fino silver and ons of copper, made into an niloy and rolled into sheets. It is qnits diffienlt ol lusion. Soft silver, solder is composed of two parts of silvor, one part of brass, and a little orsenie, whicb is added at the last moment in melting them. It will be understood that these alloys are commonly run into convenient bars or strips for nss. Silver solders are used for soldering silver work, gold, steel, and gun metal. A neater seam is produced with it than soft solders. It is commonly fused with the blow-pipe. A strip of tbin silver solder is laid on the joint to be closed; the vlow-pipe is hrought to bear upon it, when it melts and runs into the joint filling it up completely. Button solder is employed to solder white metals, such as mixtures of copper and tin. It is composed of tin ten parts, copper six, brass four. ‘I'he copper and hrass are first melted, then the tin is added. When tbe whole is melted the mixture is stirred, then poured into cold water and granulated, then dried and pulverized in a mortar for nse. This is called granulated solder. ol zine are nodded to this alloy, it makes a more fusible solder. Fine gold cut into sbreds is employed as a solder for joining the parts of chemical apparatus made of platinum. Copper ent into shreda is used aga solder for iron. Hard silver solders are frequently reduced to powder, and used in that condition. Soft solder consists of two parts of tin and one of lead. An excellent solder is made of equal parts of Banca tin and pure lead. It is used for soldering tin plates, and, if well made, it never foils. ‘he following is a useful tahle of solders with their fusing points : No. Parts ot Tin. Lead. Melting deg. F. 1 1 25 558 2 1 10 51 3 al. 5 511 4 1 3 482 6 1 2 ail 6 1 1 370 7 1% 1 334 8 2 q 310 9 3 pt 356 10 4 1 365 ll 5 1 378 12 6 1 381 13 4 4 1] Bismath 320 14 3 381 Ge 310 13 2 21 Gs 292 16 1 11 at 254 it 1 2aL ne 236 18 5 31 fo 202 The alloy No. 8 is used sometimes for soldering cast iron and steel; the flux used for this purpose is sal-ammoniac, but common resin may be employed. Gold and silver are sometimes soldered with pure tin and a flux of resin. Copper, brass, and gun-metal are soldered with No. 8 anda flux of rosin or salammoniac. The chlorids of zine is used for soldering sheet and plate iron as a flux with the same solder. Lead ond tin pipes are soldered by plumbers with Nos. 6, 7, and 8, and a flux of resin and sweet oil. In soldering with soft hrass, the ends of the articles to be goldered are secured together by a wire, and granulated solder and powdered borax are mixed in a cup with a small quantity of water, and spread along the joints with a spoon. The article is theu placed in a clear fire, and the solder melts at a red heat, when the article is then removed from the fire. In soldering small articles with the blow-pipe, thsy are supported on a piece of charcoal, or, what is better, pumice-stone, and the flame is ejected upon ths solder. In soldering lead pipes the parts to which the solder is not to be attached are usually covered with a mixture of lampblack and size. In soldering any article, care must be exercised to have tbe edges of the plates or articles perfectly clean, or tbe solder will uot adhere. A flux is employed for ths purpose of preventing oxydation. Resin and sal-ammoniac, powdered and mixed together, maks a geod flux for copper and sheet-iron solderiug. In other cases, a strong solution of sal-ammoniac is nsed to moisten the edges of the joint, then the resin is sprinkled upon it, and the solder applied. The chloride of zinc is made by dissolving pieces of zinc in muriatic acid. It is well adapted for soldering zine plates and pipes, and is employed with a brush to moisten the edge of the article to be soldered. ‘The solder is then applied in the usual way witb a tool. Zine is a very difficult metal to solder, because it is so easily coated with oxyd, and it also volatilizes with heat.—London Chemical News. If two parts . , Sree. Burters. — Important experiments have been mads in Prossia with steel boilers. Two boilers, each sixty-eight feet long by fonr in diameter, witbnut flues, were placed side by Side. One was made of steel plates half an inch thick, the other of iron plates of 0.415 of aninch in thickness. The steel hoiler was tested by hydraulic pressurs of 135 pounds per squaro inch. Both boilers were worked for about n year and a half under sixty five pound ea At the end of that tims there was ess seale in the steel than iu the iran boiler. The steel boiler generated twenty five per cent. moro steam, and evaporated un average of 11.65 cubie feet of water per hour; the iron evaporated 9.37 cubic feet. ‘The quantity of coal consumed per twelve hours was 2.806 pounds for the steel and 2,972 for tbe iron boiler. ‘lhe plates of the steel boiler directly over the fire, were found to be uninjured, while those of the other were worn out. ‘Ihe advantages of ths steam hoiler are strength, lightness, rapidity of evapnration, durability nndsr heat, ths security of more perfect riveting and comparative freedom from scale. M. Avouste Acnarp, of France, hos just been awarded the Montyon prize of the year for the discovery of his electric railway brakes. This apparatus places at the imniediats disposal of the enginser on the locomotive complete control of all ths brakes of the train at once. Without any assistance, and by aid only of a bandle or wince and of an electric wire, be can tighten all the brakes ina second. It has been proved upon the Strasburg and Paris line, with troins going at eighty, ninety and even ninetyfive kilometres an hour, this method will bring the train to a stop witbin a distance of two or three hundred yards, whereas the old method required twelve huudred yards to stop a train going at sncb speed. The electric brake is also in use in Belgium. New Amatcamator.—The Montana Post describes as follows.a new amalgamator recently invented by William Cowie, of Montana : It consists of a horizontal cylinder, the aopper half of which is provided with hinges, so that it can he drawn back when required for a clean up. Revolving, also, horizontally, through its entire length, is a shaft carrying plates arranged like an Arcbimedean screw, and connected hy floats which dash tbs contents of the machine against every part of the interior of the cylinder and of the plates. The whole of the amalgamator ismade.of copper, and the interior coated with quicksilver. The rotation of the shaft brings tbe qnartz reduced hy the stamps to pnlp, in contact with snccessive amalgamated surfaces, ensuring, as far as mechanical action can, the complete saving nf the gold. The tailings escape at the opposite end of the machine from that at which they enter fresh from tbe stamps. For Fastentno Burrons.—The Portland drgus says that Capt. J. J. Boyd has secured a patent which will make a complete revolution in applying buttons to garments. By this invention buttons can be attached to any part of wearing apparal without the use of tbread. The invention consists solely in making the button with a spiral wire to be inserted intn the cloth like a corkserew, and then pressed down flat so as to form a ring to hold the button_.in place. “ Tay TaunpERgotT.”—A new sporting rifle, with the above eiphonions name, has been recently perfected by Messrs. Howard Brothers, of New Haven, Conn., which is said to eclipse all similar fire-arms that bave gone hefore. ‘They are now. manufacturing fifty per day. T'beir New York office is at 387 Broadway, where particulars can be learned, or a descriptive pampblet can he ohtained. The cost of the gun is twenty-five dollars. Nirro-onyceRine was first prepared hy Sombrero, abont tiventy ycars ago, in the laboratory of Pelouze, Paris. Its enormons explosive force was discovered at the same tims, but the danger attending its preparation deferred investigators from enterlug the field of research, until Mr. Alfred Nobel had the intrepidity to iutroduce it on a large scale to the public as a substitute for blasting powder or gun cotton. Wno First Usep Coat.—The Belgians claim to have been tbe first to discover the pses of coal; and tbis discovery, they say, was made by one Hullos,a blacksmith of tbe village of Plenevaux, near Liege, in tbe year 1049, from whose name they derive the word « houille.” A very simple invention was exhibited at the Inte Birminghain Cattle Sbow for making butter by atmospheric action, the air being forced by a plunger into the midst of the milk or creani, which is contained in a cylinder, the result being in a fsw minutes butter is made, leaving the milk perfectly sweet for family use.

3 She Mining and ton The gold brick was shown me by Mr. J. K. Stewart, the accommodating superintendent, which wags stamped $159.91. The zold contains silyer, and is worth some $16 per ounce. WINTON’S MILL, Just holow the California, on tho south, was built last summer by the present owner, Mr. N.W. Winton,o gentleman well known to the political and mining circles of Nevada State. The millat preseut contains only five stamps of 750 pounds weight, but the foundation for ten staiups hag been Jaid,and they will be erseted this season. The enzine is 25-horse power, built at the Valean Works, San Franeixco, in good condition, and fully sufficient for all power needed. Whecler & Randall's amalgamators nre used—three in Mumber. Some considerable work has been done in this mill, but it isnot in operation at pressot. ‘I'he silyer process has been the mode of treating rock, but it lias been found too expensive, and changes are being made to work it by different mothods. ‘Ihe practical miners here are learfal that the quartz is of a dilficult character, and will present many unfavorable features that mist be overcome. Lelouging to the null are four lalges—the Indion Boy, 8. M. Star, and Seneca. [nt little work has boen dons ou the ledges, nnd, consequently, but little known of their valuc. On the Indian Boy a shaft forty fect deep has been sunk, and a cut thirty-five feet in leugth by fifteen feot iu depth has been extended on the ledge. From the ledgo some very rich ore has been taken. The quartz is hard, of dark tinge, similar to rusty iron, nnd filled with sulphorets of different kinds of iron, and arsenic being the priucipal ones. The yield of fres guld was $20 per ton. ‘The rock requires roasting hefore crushing. Sodinmamalgam has been used very successfully at this mill. The operations’of the mill will comMence soon, and the energy of the propristor will kesp it in steady motion during the sumnier. Since writinz the abovn, 1 have been informed that the mill bag been leased by the Mohawk and Montreal company for two months, they paying $600 per month rsnt. ENTENPRISE MINE AND MILL Is sitnated about six miles southeast from Meadow Lake, between tlie forks of the South Yuba. It is about three milés north from Cisco, an intended station of the Pacific Railroad. The mine is near the summit of a granite hill, at an elevation of somie five or six thousnnd feet. ‘The ledge. one of the largest I have ever seen, extends portheast by southwest, in acasing of hard granite. The eastern wall has been found, but the western is not in sight. ‘he cut on the ledge is lorty feet wide, from which soms tio or three thousand tons of rich ore has been taken. Last year some ten tons of it were sold to a gentleman iu San Francisco, for fifty cents psr pound, an extravagant price seemingly, yet it will not seem so when you are told tbat it yielded $5,000 per ton throughout. The lowest ore worked from the surfuce yielded $101 pet ton. ‘The richness of the ore is increasing as the lead descends. ‘fhs rock is of a blue and grey cast, holding a great quantity nf blue sulphurets, which are very rich in gold. The blue quartz’ is the richest, far exceeding the grey in yield. ‘The company own 1,500 feet on the ledge. Rock is now beiog sacked, preparatory to being sent to Swansea. The superintendent of tbis mine is Mr. Warren Rose, an experienced miner Irom the silver leads of Nevada. ‘The mill conuected witb tbe wine is owned by w separate company altogether, who crush by the ton. It is owned by Messrs. Goss & Lambert, of Sacramento. An outside view presents no very handsome appearanes, as it is built of rough logs. The reason of this is, that at the tims it was built no lumber could be obtained, the snow being ten or fifteen feet deep. On the principle that there is notbing in appearances, this mil! will pass as a good concern. ‘The frame-work inside isso constructed that the walls can be pulled down and constructsd anew witbout interfering with the structure of macbinery. The principal feature of interest in tbis mill isthe New Knterprise Pulverizsr, built by Mr. G. W. King, a gentleman of extensive experience in mining machinery. It consists of three large cast iron wheels 514 feet iu diameter, of 3.000 pounds weight, attached to a perpendicular shaft, around which they revolve on a cireular plate twenty-five feet in circumference. Ths rock, alter being breken into small particles by Blske’s rock crusher, is thrown into ,a hopper, which, by ineans of three feeding pipes, places the reck onthe plate. After one revolution of the wheel the dnst is scraped by self-acting scrapers into a receiver in the middle of the circular plates, frou whieb elevators carry it to sieves, where it is bolted, the fine dust passing to amalgamators, and the coarser again to the hopper, to be ecrusbed over. ‘The inventor claims that thess wheels will outerush any 30)stamp mill on the coast. Jf such isa tact it will bs ons of ths best inventious tbat could be Scientific Bress. will he laid aside, nnd not one-tenth ths power is tecessary to drive them that would bs required to drive a battery of thirty stamps. An engine of 5-horso power is ull the power necessary for tho pulverizer. The inill will be retitted witb new umalgnniators and other imachitery during the summer, nud be prepared to do constant work. The desulphurizer meutioned in the Press a few uumbers ago, hus been torn down and thrown out-doors as a useless concern. The ainalgamators to be nsed are Wheeler & Randall’s pew pans. Time and space forbids mention of mors claims. As there are many ledges here that deservs notice, in my next I shall givo them a ehunee. W. Meadow Lake, June 21, 1866. Brackner’s Mechanical Roasting Furnace, This invention, which we havs frequently mentioned before, is reported by one of the Nevada State papers, to be a success upon a practical trial. he following, published recently in the Virginia City Enterprise, gives a fair idea of the apparatus : We paid a visit yosterday afternoon to the Central mill, iu this city, for the purpose of seeing Bruckuer’s roasting furnace operate. This newly-invented furnace is simply a horizontnl revolving cylinder, nine feet in length hy three feet in diameter, and made of heavy boiler iron, with a fire-place at one end, from whence the heat passes througb a flue into the cylinder and out at the other end. ‘Tbe charge of dry crushed ore for this furnace is 1,000 pounds, which is thorouzhly roasted in the average tims of thres hours. ‘le ore is introduced into tho cylinder by means of a square hole in the side, and when completely roasted it is emptied out through the same aperture. By means of an inclined partition, placed diagonally along the center of the cylinder and nearly to each end of it, the ore is made to pass constantly Irom one end to the other while it is revolving, thos squalizing the heat, and consequeutly the roasting. “he cylinder rests on a set of iron wheels at each eud, and is made to revolve at ths rats of about once per minute by means ol cog gearing. This furnace has been in operation but a lew days, but yet quite long erough to demonstrate it to be a perlvet snecess. The hent, after passing through the furuace, passes into a condeusiug cbamber of brick, by means of which wet ore can be dried. Thus; it is not requisite that the ore should be dry crushed for this farnace, which is quite a saving to the capacity and wear and tear of the mill stamps. Two men can atteud to five of these luruaces easily in twenty-four hours, the amount ol wood consumed during that length of time being only about three-nuarters of a cord. The working capucity of the furuace is estimated to be Irom three to eight tous in twenty-four hours, ac. cording to the character of the ore. Wet crushing and ainalganiating, without roasting, gives at present an average working yield of sixty per cent. of the assaying value, at a cost of fifteen dollars per ton, while the crushing, roasting and amalgamating process will give a yield of eighty per cent. of the assay value, at an additional cost of from five to eight dollars per ton. From the above it will be seen that forty dollar ores, and all of higber value, will pay for roasting. If this furnace performs all it promises—and we believe it will—it is destined to be an important auxiliary to the working of ores, and greatly enbauce the yield of our mines. The furnace can be seen in operation at tbe Central mill by all interested in such matters. Desvipnvnizixe Coau.—Mr. Charles F. Dennet, who for twelve years was tbe active agent of the Colt’s Fire-arms Factory Company in New York, is about introducing a new method for the treatment of coal, whicb has been pro. nounced a decided success. The coal prepared by the new process, which is very simple and ctisap, is said to be far superior to coke for melting iron, etc. A much hotter fire can he made with it than with coke. Cast-steel heated by coal thus treated has been welded without the use of borax or other ingredients. Pig. iron which has proved too hard, has been fouud to yield and produce as good work as turned out with some of the best brands of iron. Crystallized iron, after melting once or twice iu a cupola with the desulphurized coal prepared hy the new art, has been found to work exceedingly, well, Tbe whele apparatus and ingredients to treat 100 bushels of coal can be put up for from £5 to £10, audit is stated that 60 bushels prepared by this procesa give as inuch heat as 85 bushels of tho best coal not so prepared. ‘The coal burns witha bright and violent blaze,and for family use effectually gets rid of the smoky, smouldering fires, and substitutes one of a bright avd cheerful character. ‘lo smiths’ and manufacturing estahlishments, where large and strong fires are kept up, it is proposed to grant rights for usage at sucb low rates as to insure its general adoptiou, aod do away in a great measurs with the possihly made, for the.jar and wear of stamps . sntoke nuisanes that is 30 injurious everywhere.

~ Hlechanieal. The Art of Soldering. Soldering is the art of mslting the surface of tetals togetlier by partial fosion, and tho ingertion of an alloy between the edges, whicli is called solder, it being more fusible than the nietala which it unites. Solders ore distinguished os hard and soft, accarding to their difficulty of fusion. Tard solders usually melt ouly ata red heat, but soft solders fuss at a lower temperaturo. In applying solder it is of the utmost importanco that ths edges to be united should be cheinically cleau—fres froin oxyd—and they should be protected from the air by some flux. ‘lho commnn fluxes used iu soldering are borax, sal-ammoniac, and resin. Hard silver solder is composed of four parts of fino silver and ons of copper, made into an niloy and rolled into sheets. It is qnits diffienlt ol lusion. Soft silver, solder is composed of two parts of silvor, one part of brass, and a little orsenie, whicb is added at the last moment in melting them. It will be understood that these alloys are commonly run into convenient bars or strips for nss. Silver solders are used for soldering silver work, gold, steel, and gun metal. A neater seam is produced with it than soft solders. It is commonly fused with the blow-pipe. A strip of tbin silver solder is laid on the joint to be closed; the vlow-pipe is hrought to bear upon it, when it melts and runs into the joint filling it up completely. Button solder is employed to solder white metals, such as mixtures of copper and tin. It is composed of tin ten parts, copper six, brass four. ‘I'he copper and hrass are first melted, then the tin is added. When tbe whole is melted the mixture is stirred, then poured into cold water and granulated, then dried and pulverized in a mortar for nse. This is called granulated solder. ol zine are nodded to this alloy, it makes a more fusible solder. Fine gold cut into sbreds is employed as a solder for joining the parts of chemical apparatus made of platinum. Copper ent into shreda is used aga solder for iron. Hard silver solders are frequently reduced to powder, and used in that condition. Soft solder consists of two parts of tin and one of lead. An excellent solder is made of equal parts of Banca tin and pure lead. It is used for soldering tin plates, and, if well made, it never foils. ‘he following is a useful tahle of solders with their fusing points : No. Parts ot Tin. Lead. Melting deg. F. 1 1 25 558 2 1 10 51 3 al. 5 511 4 1 3 482 6 1 2 ail 6 1 1 370 7 1% 1 334 8 2 q 310 9 3 pt 356 10 4 1 365 ll 5 1 378 12 6 1 381 13 4 4 1] Bismath 320 14 3 381 Ge 310 13 2 21 Gs 292 16 1 11 at 254 it 1 2aL ne 236 18 5 31 fo 202 The alloy No. 8 is used sometimes for soldering cast iron and steel; the flux used for this purpose is sal-ammoniac, but common resin may be employed. Gold and silver are sometimes soldered with pure tin and a flux of resin. Copper, brass, and gun-metal are soldered with No. 8 anda flux of rosin or salammoniac. The chlorids of zine is used for soldering sheet and plate iron as a flux with the same solder. Lead ond tin pipes are soldered by plumbers with Nos. 6, 7, and 8, and a flux of resin and sweet oil. In soldering with soft hrass, the ends of the articles to be goldered are secured together by a wire, and granulated solder and powdered borax are mixed in a cup with a small quantity of water, and spread along the joints with a spoon. The article is theu placed in a clear fire, and the solder melts at a red heat, when the article is then removed from the fire. In soldering small articles with the blow-pipe, thsy are supported on a piece of charcoal, or, what is better, pumice-stone, and the flame is ejected upon ths solder. In soldering lead pipes the parts to which the solder is not to be attached are usually covered with a mixture of lampblack and size. In soldering any article, care must be exercised to have tbe edges of the plates or articles perfectly clean, or tbe solder will uot adhere. A flux is employed for ths purpose of preventing oxydation. Resin and sal-ammoniac, powdered and mixed together, maks a geod flux for copper and sheet-iron solderiug. In other cases, a strong solution of sal-ammoniac is nsed to moisten the edges of the joint, then the resin is sprinkled upon it, and the solder applied. The chloride of zinc is made by dissolving pieces of zinc in muriatic acid. It is well adapted for soldering zine plates and pipes, and is employed with a brush to moisten the edge of the article to be soldered. ‘The solder is then applied in the usual way witb a tool. Zine is a very difficult metal to solder, because it is so easily coated with oxyd, and it also volatilizes with heat.—London Chemical News. If two parts . , Sree. Burters. — Important experiments have been mads in Prossia with steel boilers. Two boilers, each sixty-eight feet long by fonr in diameter, witbnut flues, were placed side by Side. One was made of steel plates half an inch thick, the other of iron plates of 0.415 of aninch in thickness. The steel hoiler was tested by hydraulic pressurs of 135 pounds per squaro inch. Both boilers were worked for about n year and a half under sixty five pound ea At the end of that tims there was ess seale in the steel than iu the iran boiler. The steel boiler generated twenty five per cent. moro steam, and evaporated un average of 11.65 cubie feet of water per hour; the iron evaporated 9.37 cubic feet. ‘The quantity of coal consumed per twelve hours was 2.806 pounds for the steel and 2,972 for tbe iron boiler. ‘lhe plates of the steel boiler directly over the fire, were found to be uninjured, while those of the other were worn out. ‘Ihe advantages of ths steam hoiler are strength, lightness, rapidity of evapnration, durability nndsr heat, ths security of more perfect riveting and comparative freedom from scale. M. Avouste Acnarp, of France, hos just been awarded the Montyon prize of the year for the discovery of his electric railway brakes. This apparatus places at the imniediats disposal of the enginser on the locomotive complete control of all ths brakes of the train at once. Without any assistance, and by aid only of a bandle or wince and of an electric wire, be can tighten all the brakes ina second. It has been proved upon the Strasburg and Paris line, with troins going at eighty, ninety and even ninetyfive kilometres an hour, this method will bring the train to a stop witbin a distance of two or three hundred yards, whereas the old method required twelve huudred yards to stop a train going at sncb speed. The electric brake is also in use in Belgium. New Amatcamator.—The Montana Post describes as follows.a new amalgamator recently invented by William Cowie, of Montana : It consists of a horizontal cylinder, the aopper half of which is provided with hinges, so that it can he drawn back when required for a clean up. Revolving, also, horizontally, through its entire length, is a shaft carrying plates arranged like an Arcbimedean screw, and connected hy floats which dash tbs contents of the machine against every part of the interior of the cylinder and of the plates. The whole of the amalgamator ismade.of copper, and the interior coated with quicksilver. The rotation of the shaft brings tbe qnartz reduced hy the stamps to pnlp, in contact with snccessive amalgamated surfaces, ensuring, as far as mechanical action can, the complete saving nf the gold. The tailings escape at the opposite end of the machine from that at which they enter fresh from tbe stamps. For Fastentno Burrons.—The Portland drgus says that Capt. J. J. Boyd has secured a patent which will make a complete revolution in applying buttons to garments. By this invention buttons can be attached to any part of wearing apparal without the use of tbread. The invention consists solely in making the button with a spiral wire to be inserted intn the cloth like a corkserew, and then pressed down flat so as to form a ring to hold the button_.in place. “ Tay TaunpERgotT.”—A new sporting rifle, with the above eiphonions name, has been recently perfected by Messrs. Howard Brothers, of New Haven, Conn., which is said to eclipse all similar fire-arms that bave gone hefore. ‘They are now. manufacturing fifty per day. T'beir New York office is at 387 Broadway, where particulars can be learned, or a descriptive pampblet can he ohtained. The cost of the gun is twenty-five dollars. Nirro-onyceRine was first prepared hy Sombrero, abont tiventy ycars ago, in the laboratory of Pelouze, Paris. Its enormons explosive force was discovered at the same tims, but the danger attending its preparation deferred investigators from enterlug the field of research, until Mr. Alfred Nobel had the intrepidity to iutroduce it on a large scale to the public as a substitute for blasting powder or gun cotton. Wno First Usep Coat.—The Belgians claim to have been tbe first to discover the pses of coal; and tbis discovery, they say, was made by one Hullos,a blacksmith of tbe village of Plenevaux, near Liege, in tbe year 1049, from whose name they derive the word « houille.” A very simple invention was exhibited at the Inte Birminghain Cattle Sbow for making butter by atmospheric action, the air being forced by a plunger into the midst of the milk or creani, which is contained in a cylinder, the result being in a fsw minutes butter is made, leaving the milk perfectly sweet for family use.