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Collection: Books and Periodicals > Mining & Scientific Press
Volume 17 (1868) (428 pages)

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56 The Mining and Scientific Press.
E BD
alin Scientific Press. Mining way Scientific 2p
W. B. EWER,. 0. cet eee teee cece ce tee ceeeee SeNion Epitor.
@. W. NM. SMITIL W. B. WWER. AL, DRWEY.
DEWity & CoO., Publishers.
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ae . . Wates is our duly authorized traveling
. duly 6, 1867.
at a A. iy Butler is a dniy autharized traveling
agent and correspondent for this paper. July 15, 1867.
San Francisco:
Saturday Morning, July 25, 1868
Notices to Correspondents.
Atpna.—It is not uncommon when employing the word element in its popular acceptation, to use it in the same sense in
whicb it was applied by the ancients,
viz.: as denoting fire, air, earth and
water. All these have been shown, during the last century, to be compounds;
and the term is now only used, scientifically, to denote bodies which, up to the
present period, have resisted all efforts
made to decompose them. ‘The total
number of what are now considered elements isabout sixty-five. The well-known
metals are among tbe most numerous, to
which have to be added the gases,—hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine and nitrogeu,
carbon, silicon and boron, sulphur, phosphorus, ete.; the remainder, uot enumerated above, are relatively unimportant so
far as quantity is concerned.
ARcHmoLOGISt.—Chemistry cannot be asserted to have had an existeuce prior to
the sixteenth century. We find in the
writings of the earlier chemists, many curious and important facts and discoveries,
which remained useless and unapplied,
so long as men’s miuds were exclusively
employed with the transmutation of
metals, the composition of an universal
elixir, aud the production of the Alcahest
or general solvent. It is sometimes profitable and generally amusing to revert to
these crude speculations and waking
dreams of the writers on such subjects,
who were eminent diwing the fourteenth
and two successive centuries ; but the
time of astudent will be more usefully
occupied in garnering the labors of those
who, discarding visionary hypotheses, proeeed to the investigation of truth by the
steady light obtainable from the sun of
philosophy.
Lirxos.—Silica or silicie acid, may be obtained in a state of purity as follows:
Heat to redness, in » platinum crucible,
powdered rock crystal (quartz) with a
quantity of carbonate of soda or potash;
add to the solution a quantity of hydrochloric (muriatic) acid, and evaporate to
dryness; afine gritty powder will remain,
which on being well washed with water,
and subsequently ignited, will leave a
residue of pure silica.
Prospector, Napa County.—Nickel and
cobalt may be separated by adding cyauide of potassium to a solution of those
metals; a precipitate of cyanide of nickel
will thus be formed, which re-dissolves
on adding an excess of the re-agent,—a
double compound of cyanide of nickel
and potassium being produced, which is
soluble in water. The double cyanide is
to be docomposed by dilute sulphuric
acid, with precipitation of cyanide of
nickel.
L. §., Hunter’s Valley.—The variety of
copper ore, allied with silver, to which
you allude, both metals being associated
with selenium, is denominated Euhairite;
this term was employed in allusion to its
discovery almost simultaneously witli the
eonclusion of Berzelius’ examination of
selenium. The term is derived from a
Greek word signifying opportune.
Sueurer, “Gold Hill.—Proof-lead of the
greatest purity may be obtained by the following method: Dissolve sugar (acetate)
of lead, iu a small quantity of hot water;
filter, and then add plates of zinc to the
solution until the metallic lead is wholly
deposited. Dry the resultiug lead between folds of blotting-papet, and preserve it ina well stoppered vial.
General Condition of the Mining Interest.
We have been much interested the past
weck in looking over some portions of Mr.
. Browne’s final report, on ‘the mineral resources of the Pacific Coast. From the
data set forth in this document, it seems
impossible to come to any other conclusion
than that we are just entering upon the
beginning of our grand success as a mining
people. The following remarks of Mr.
Browne arein accordance with the observations of nearly all who have taken a careful survey of our mineral prospects :
After many years of travel over the mining regions, I feel justified in asserting that
our mineral resources are practically without limit. Explorations by competent parties during the past year, in many parts of
the mineral regions hitherto unknown,
demonstrate the fact that the area of the)
mineral deposit is much larger than was
ever before supposed. It is safe to assume
that of the claims already recorded in the
scttled parts of the country, and known to
be valuable, not more than ono in a hundred is being worked ; and that of those
worked, perhaps not more than one in fifty
pays anything over expcuses, owing to mismanagement, inefficient system of reducing
ores, wantof capital, cost of transportation,
and other causes susceptible of remedy.
In many districts of Nevada, silver ores of
less value than $100 per ton cannot now be
worked by mill process so as to pay expenses ; and there are districts iu Idaho and
Montana where gold bearing ores will not
justify working unless they yield from $20
to $50 per ton.
With such wealth of treasure lying dormant, it cannot be doubted that, by the increased facilities for trausportation and access to the mines soon to be furuished hy
the Pacific Railroad and its proposed
branches, aud the experience iu the treatment of ores, and the scientific knowledge
to be acquired in a’ National School of
Mines, adequate to the necessities of the
mining population, the yield must eventually greatly increase.
So far as California is concerned, Mr.
Browne admits that the gold yield is decreasing ; but that decrease is due to the
gradual exhaustion of the more easily accessible placer mines. This is a result
which might reasonably have been expected.
Placer mines, from their very nature, must
be limited in their extent. Still it will be
many years ere the present yield from that
class of mines falls below the preseut average, as tbe most of the gold now obtained
therefrom, is from the deep mines or hydraulic diggings, which are immense in extent and whose exhaustiou must be the
labor of more than onc generation.
Our chief reliance is upon vein mining,
the extent of which is practically illimitable.
This description of mining was never so
prosperotis or so well understood as now ;
aud it is, moreover, constantly improving,
with the fairest prospect of continued increase for generations to come. True there
have been many losses inthis branch of mining industry, for it isa business offering
unusual chances for folly and ignorance in
its prosecution. Such results may in a
great measure be ascribed to the reckless
and adventurous spirit so characteristic of
Americans, who take the lead in the developmeut of the mines, and who, tbough energetic and generally intelligent, lack experience in this particular branch of iudustry,
and are, moreover, prone to extravagance
and reckless speculation.
Mr. Browne lays great stress upon these
**blunders,” as he calls them, and remarks
that though they are being gradually cortected, yet they are still sufficiently common
in California to detract nearly or quite onehalf from what should be the yiold of our
mines, uuder a proper management. In
describing theso mistakes he says: “The
sreatest common blunder in quartz mining,
and the most common error in early times,
as well asin our own days, has been that of
erecting a mill before tho yein was well
opened, and its capacity to yield a large
supply of good rock established. The commission of this bluader is conclusive proof
of the utter iucompetency of its author to
have charge of any important miniug enterprise. If there were any possibility that it
should in some cases lead to considerable
profit, there migbt be au cxcuse for it; but
there is none—it ucver pays. All the
chanees, includiug that of utter failure, are
against it.”
This is the abyss into which many a once
hopeful company has been plunged, not
only in California, but in Nevada, Colorado
and other localities as well.
Tbe next ‘‘ blunder” towhich Mr. Browne
refers, is the lack of discrimination ‘‘ between a pocket vein and a charge vein.
The existence of rich specimens was considered proof of the high value of a mine;
whereas among experienced quartz miners,
it excites their suspicions and distrust.
Nine-tenths of the lodes which yield rich
specimens do not pay for milling.” This
latter is animportant fact which should be
borne in mind by Eastern or outside purchasers or investers in mines,
The next error alluded to is that, until
receutly, nothing was known of ‘‘ pay chimneys;” if good quartz was found in one
place in a mine, it was presumed that the
whole mine was of like character. It often
ocenrred that their pay chimney was uear
the eud of one claim, from which it dipped
into another, leaving the first almost barren
of pay rock. In some cases the miner did
not know enough of mining to follow a
chimney when he had it in his own claim.
A fourth error particularly referred to was
that of sinking a shaft when there was no
warantable indication at the surface—a
policy which may do in mining for the
baser metals, but which is exceedingly
risky in searching for gold or silver.
After alluding to a few other errors of
minor importance, Mr. Browne appropriately eums up the wholo matter in a very
few words as follows: ‘‘The business will
never be established upon a proper basis
until the superintendents, as a class, are
well edneated chemists, mining and mechanical engineers, and mine owners frequent visitors, if not regular residents, at
the mines.”
a
San Franersco Guass Works Burnep.
We regret to state that the San Fraucisco
Glass Works, at the foot of Third street,
in this city, was greatly damaged by fire on
Thursday morning last. The building and
tools, and a large amount of manufactured
stock, was destroyed. We are happy to
learn, however, that the furnaces and melting pots, both those in use and those in
process of seasoning, were comparatively
uninjured. The loss is about $10,000, on
which there was an insurance for $5,500.
This was the most important glass manufactory ever put in operation on this coast
—and the only one where white glass has
ever been successfully made. The works
have been operated by Mr. C. Newman, who
has spent a large amount of time and mouey
in bringing it into successful operation.
We understand that the works will be rebuilt immediately.
Rice Srecruens.—A fine lot of very rich
specimens was recently received by Mr. J.
W. Moyle, of this city, from the Orieutal
G. &§. M. Co’s mine, (late the Union mine)
located in Wet Ravine, Forest Township,
Sierra County. A portion of these specimens were sold to be worked up into quartz
jewelry; a large specimen may be seon in
the show-window of William E. Goldsmith, 505 Montgomery street. Thirtythree pounds of the poorer portions of the
specimens wero crushed, and yielded sixty
ouuces of gold, assaying $1,053. Mr. J.
W. Moyle, of this city, is President of the
company, which has rocently been incorporated. i
Mrssrs. Tatnot, Gawiry & Jonnson,
auctioneers in this city, have received the
appointmeut for selling the tide lands at
auction, under the State anthorities. This
is a new firm, who have thus received a high
compliment and an important trust.
The Mariposa Estate.
We were somewhat in error, last week, in
our statement in regard to the present proprietorship of the Mariposa Estate. Our
cotemporary, who attempted to correct us,
was also at fault, as will appear by comparing the remarks in the Alta of Monday last
with the following, which we obtain from
the final report of the Committee, appointed
by all parties interested, to devise some
. plan for funding the liabilities of the company, ete.
' In order to more fully understand the
action of this committee, we will premise
tbat on the 12th of November, 1858, a judgment was rendered against John C. Tremont, in favor of O’Campo, and a Sheriff’s
deed in due time given to parties purchasing under said judgment, but who subsequently transferred said deed to C. K.
Garrison. Subsequently Garrison brought
suit of cjectment against the company, and
a compromise was finally effected, by which
the company agreed to pay $320,000 (gold)
—$120,000 of which was paid down, and a
deed was given by Garrison to the company,
to be held as an escrow, to take effect on the
22d of June last, if the balance of $200,000, with interest, as specified in the contract given at same date, was paid. If said
balance was not paid, the company was to
forfeit the amount already advanced.
One-eighth of this title had previously
been deeded to Selover, and by him to the
company—so that this eighth interest and
the rigbt to redeem was all that the Mariposa company.owned in the Estate.
Mr. J. W. Brumagin, of this city, subsequently became the purchaser of this Garrison title to seven-eighths of the property.
The time for the settlement of this claim
would have expired on the 22d of June, as
stated in the Alta; but previous to that
time, a committeo of bondholders, already
referred to, having been appointed and
authorized to confer with Mr. J. W. Brumagim or his agent in New York and with
the officers of the Mariposa Company, with
tbe view of devising somo plan for funding
all the liabilities of the Estate aud raising
means to secure to the company this outstanding seven-eighths interest, had attended to that duty and matured a plan,
which was formally accepted by the parties
interested on the 4th of June last.
Under this plan of settlement, Mr. J. W.
Brumagim’s interest has been vested in a
board of three Trustees, who will issne certificates to represent the entire indebtedness
of the company. This Board consists of
Messrs. Mark Brumagim and John A, Stewart, of New York, and Mr. John J. McEwen,
of this city. These gentlemen have already
taken possession of the Iistate, and entered
upon the discharge of their duties.
In consummating this arrangement, the
claim of Mr. John W. Brumagim has becn
tixed at $300,000, the one-half of which is
to be paid in cash from tho first proceeds of
the sales of the certificates, and to bear ten
per ceut. interest until paid. The other
half is to be paid out of the first profits
from the working of the miue, and is also
to draw ten per cent. interest until paid.
After this claim has been paid off, the
further profits of the mine, over and above
necessary improvements, are to bo applied
to the payment of dividends on the certificates to be issued as above. Whenever the
several claims against the company have ©
been paid off, and the debts of the Mariposa Company so reduced as not to exceed
$100,000, the Trustees are required to reconvey the property to the company. But
if the Estato should fail to pay either the
elaim of Mr. Brumagim or the other indebtedness withiu the time specified in said
decd of trust, provisions are made for a
final closing out of the interest of tho Mariposa Company in the property—tho same to
be sold forthe beuetfit of the creditors, who
are to receivo the proceeds in the order or
proportion of their several claims,
Tho certificates, as above, will be issued