Volume 18 (1869) (430 pages)

Subscription, So Per Annum, Single Copies, 15 Cents. A Journal of Useful Arts, Seienee, and Mining and Mechanical Progress. BY Diswity & Co., Patent Solleltors, SAN FRancisco, SATURDAY, January 2, 1869. VOLUME XVIII. Number 1. ‘Table of Contents. ye Water Whee'—Mlus Scrkyriyre Miscepuary — gi . U * Dee caine itat aft ue dart re die, Boxed Horse in Nebraskiy, Aleahol 83 Pood, wi INING So ataicy—Comprising i do geen uae Gouon Fibrous Lode juielhwnee tram the Stated Yariobs counties and dis. White Sage, Iricts in Cudltarndt, DavoGod Liver Ob, tah, Idaho, Sony NevaTrow ty Kleetricliv, Ca und New Mex Tumesults Wine Process Rudlraad Dpe ning r xe ursion, Sen Weeds for Medical Pur: The Overland Mont pa i 7 Pane SefSex, sou drowlng on Trees, Lonerpriws and Develop. Sate Treatment of Wine. yu Ue uarrsing witi the ald of in Hydraulic Mining — Prost et Method of WorkFrench Leather. Roasted wold and Silver, Mechanicul Tuste San Francisca eae Shareholders’ Direciur ANICAL Te aes York Metal Market. Hons The* set’ San Franelsco Metal Market. 1 Pwisted wv (ee Theory. San Francisco Marke! Rates. a Puddings 5 Bolis and Notices lo Correspandents. Nuts. Bridge Across the Slock Prices—Bld and Asked. Chaunel. New Incorporations, The Turbine Water Wheel in the Foot-Hills, THE BODINE JONVAL TURDINE. Economica] power, in a land whose capnbilities are so vast and suggestive ae those of California, in eonnectiou with onr steadily developing manufactnres and iuercasing ecommerce—not to mention its particular relation to the present leading intereste of the foot-hills, which are serving to plant others that will be more permanent— becomes a question of an attractive character ina general way, Like the rich valleys which were but recently passed by as worthless, now blooming like the rose, so power, and the conditions attending its favorable application to supplying the world’edemands, is undervalued, or overlooked; it is passed by without the bestowal of athonght upon the matter, because wedo not realize sufiiciently that conditions, sneh as the cost and facility of transportation, the price of labor, and the extent of the goveruing commercial demands, are chauging materially, and notby any means slowly, under our eyes. Mining in the foot-hills will never fall] oft suddenly; it ie evident that eveu deep placer mining mnst last profitably for centuries. In view of the sitnation of California, of the Pacific world, and of onr incomparableadvantages of climate and water-power and the delightful natural surronndings presentedby the foot-hills for nestling thriving mannfactnring villages and comfortable popnlations, where every laborer shall literally rejoice under his own thrilty vine and fig tree, and where the skies are as pure and bright as those of Italy, it eeoms strange and unaccountablo, thongh fact it is, that rich lands, and picturesque oak-glades, reminding of English parks, in the vicinity of green valley nooks having abundant streams, should remain lying worthless, or be held to-day at only a few dollars an acre, within twelve hours travel of San Francisco. Steam aud cheap coal near tide water, may offer greater indncoments at preseut for the location of a limited number of mannfactnring enterprises while transportation isan item against the foot-hills; but the future, whether far or near, is defiuitely foreshadowed. With the turbine Tater wheel the preliminaries to obtaiu power cost little or al Survey Map. nothing; sev eral hundred dollars is all the capital that is required to fnrnish that which will set any kind of machinery in motion. A wlicel 534 inches in diameter, — that may bo earried in the pocket,— with 100 feet head, will give one-lorse power; one of five or six inches diameter will give eight to teu-horse power; a 9 ineh turbine, with sixty inches of water and 100 feet jiead, will give 16-horse power at 38 revolutions a minnte. The cost of a turbine that will run a 20-stamp mill, Fig 2. Fig. 2. SETI NAL VIEW. {abont 23-horse power,) with 62 feet of water is $250, and of the pipe for the same, from $1.50 to $3. To inaugurate woodeu ware, turniug, or fnruitnre factorios, asmall outlay, with favorabletransportationto market, wonld be tle only necessary couditions. Respectable honses and generous home comforts are still too rarely found in Cali‘fornia, yet there are great improvements . and moviug half; the white lines represeubeing made. Hundreds of little articles of use and ornament,—earpets, and other tex. tile wooden and iron fabrics, such as maehinery and local production can present cheaply, are already employing a consider. able proportion of tho laboring population of the State, thongl hitherto confined for obvions reasons, mainly to tho vicinity of San Pisineiseo ‘T'o give an idea of the simplicity of the turbine, and its adaptation to small quautities with a great fall of water, the two accompanying illustrations, being perspective and sectional views of Bodine’e Jonval turbine, will serve onr purpose. The tnrbine is fitted into a tnbe, box or “ penstock,” where thejwater, iu paeeing forcibly down wunst pass through it, ina manner precisely the reverse of the steamer propeller—the water movirg the propeller, instead of the latter moving against tho water. Fig. 1 exhibits the appearance of the complete instrument, as looked at from the out-ide; fig. 2 shows the relations of the upper and statiouary part to the lower ting the bnekets, or shovels, to which the flow of water has to accommodate itself, and the arrows showing tho direction taken by the water, which forees the lower Regarding the different kinds of water wheels and water engines in usethe over-shot, the nndcr-shot, tho breast halfway-between these, and the turbine, are the common ones; all of whieli are modified by a great varicty of sliapes as to tho shovels or bnekets used; in which the primitive principle, however, remains the same, Amongst the turbines that of Fourneyron, the inventor, was the earliest, but it has been supereeded by numerons othere. The Bodiue Jonval wheel, here represented, is manufactured in Westfield, Maseachusetts, by the Bodine Company, a new association. With some of the gentlemen composing the compauy, we are persoually aeqnainted. They are represented on this coast hy Messre. Fuller & Co., No. 109 Montgomery street, who are just introdneing the wheels into this field. The proprietors make the following claims for their wheel : That for all positions aud under any head of water, it ie better adapted to drive machinery than any other kind of wheel in nse. As the water enters in a direct line of the wheel’s rotation, we avoid the lateral preseure and friction against tho enrb, to which other wheels are subject, hence it will give out a greater amount of power with the same qnantity of water, than any other wheel ever inven Zt has the advantage of using every inch of the head or fall of the water, and is not effected by frost in any way. The water can be ehnt off at any time, and the wheel left dry for repairs or for tha removal of accidental obstructions. Our wheel is so constructed that the head and fall of the water produces no weight npon the step; the tendency of the water is to raise the wheel whieli prevents the step from wearing, and overcomes mach friction to which other turbines are snbjected. Ouv steps and followers are made of lignnmvite. Wo had wheels running under higli heads, for nearly two years, in which the step has not run down a particlo. If after long usage the step shonld wear down, it is but the workof 2 momen’ to raise it to its original position. The wheel is cast in one piece, by a new process peculiarly designed for the purpose, making it a strong, smooth and perfectly balanced wheel. They are made in the most snbetantial manner, of iron or brass; greater weight of metal is used than is customary with other builders, consequently greater strength and durability is obtained. The wheel is held to its proper place at all times, by a bridge tree above and below, secured firmly to the ease of the wheel. We havea new adjnstablo step upon which the wheel rests, by which the hight of the whec] is regulated to the case, so there will be no loss of water by leakage. In our next number we shall continue the subject of turbine and water whieels, speaking more particularly of other wheels in use. Warre Prve.—dwardB. Dorsey, M.E., who has just returned from White Pino, reports that a careful examination of the ore deposits there, convinces him fully of their closo similarity iu character to the mines with which he was formerly connected at Chanareillo, Chili; except that the several veins which he has been able to reeoguize as such, are contact veins, and that they contain a good deal of quartz in half and its conmected axle, to turn. the gangue, 4

Subscription, So Per Annum, Single Copies, 15 Cents. A Journal of Useful Arts, Seienee, and Mining and Mechanical Progress. BY Diswity & Co., Patent Solleltors, SAN FRancisco, SATURDAY, January 2, 1869. VOLUME XVIII. Number 1. ‘Table of Contents. ye Water Whee'—Mlus Scrkyriyre Miscepuary — gi . U * Dee caine itat aft ue dart re die, Boxed Horse in Nebraskiy, Aleahol 83 Pood, wi INING So ataicy—Comprising i do geen uae Gouon Fibrous Lode juielhwnee tram the Stated Yariobs counties and dis. White Sage, Iricts in Cudltarndt, DavoGod Liver Ob, tah, Idaho, Sony NevaTrow ty Kleetricliv, Ca und New Mex Tumesults Wine Process Rudlraad Dpe ning r xe ursion, Sen Weeds for Medical Pur: The Overland Mont pa i 7 Pane SefSex, sou drowlng on Trees, Lonerpriws and Develop. Sate Treatment of Wine. yu Ue uarrsing witi the ald of in Hydraulic Mining — Prost et Method of WorkFrench Leather. Roasted wold and Silver, Mechanicul Tuste San Francisca eae Shareholders’ Direciur ANICAL Te aes York Metal Market. Hons The* set’ San Franelsco Metal Market. 1 Pwisted wv (ee Theory. San Francisco Marke! Rates. a Puddings 5 Bolis and Notices lo Correspandents. Nuts. Bridge Across the Slock Prices—Bld and Asked. Chaunel. New Incorporations, The Turbine Water Wheel in the Foot-Hills, THE BODINE JONVAL TURDINE. Economica] power, in a land whose capnbilities are so vast and suggestive ae those of California, in eonnectiou with onr steadily developing manufactnres and iuercasing ecommerce—not to mention its particular relation to the present leading intereste of the foot-hills, which are serving to plant others that will be more permanent— becomes a question of an attractive character ina general way, Like the rich valleys which were but recently passed by as worthless, now blooming like the rose, so power, and the conditions attending its favorable application to supplying the world’edemands, is undervalued, or overlooked; it is passed by without the bestowal of athonght upon the matter, because wedo not realize sufiiciently that conditions, sneh as the cost and facility of transportation, the price of labor, and the extent of the goveruing commercial demands, are chauging materially, and notby any means slowly, under our eyes. Mining in the foot-hills will never fall] oft suddenly; it ie evident that eveu deep placer mining mnst last profitably for centuries. In view of the sitnation of California, of the Pacific world, and of onr incomparableadvantages of climate and water-power and the delightful natural surronndings presentedby the foot-hills for nestling thriving mannfactnring villages and comfortable popnlations, where every laborer shall literally rejoice under his own thrilty vine and fig tree, and where the skies are as pure and bright as those of Italy, it eeoms strange and unaccountablo, thongh fact it is, that rich lands, and picturesque oak-glades, reminding of English parks, in the vicinity of green valley nooks having abundant streams, should remain lying worthless, or be held to-day at only a few dollars an acre, within twelve hours travel of San Francisco. Steam aud cheap coal near tide water, may offer greater indncoments at preseut for the location of a limited number of mannfactnring enterprises while transportation isan item against the foot-hills; but the future, whether far or near, is defiuitely foreshadowed. With the turbine Tater wheel the preliminaries to obtaiu power cost little or al Survey Map. nothing; sev eral hundred dollars is all the capital that is required to fnrnish that which will set any kind of machinery in motion. A wlicel 534 inches in diameter, — that may bo earried in the pocket,— with 100 feet head, will give one-lorse power; one of five or six inches diameter will give eight to teu-horse power; a 9 ineh turbine, with sixty inches of water and 100 feet jiead, will give 16-horse power at 38 revolutions a minnte. The cost of a turbine that will run a 20-stamp mill, Fig 2. Fig. 2. SETI NAL VIEW. {abont 23-horse power,) with 62 feet of water is $250, and of the pipe for the same, from $1.50 to $3. To inaugurate woodeu ware, turniug, or fnruitnre factorios, asmall outlay, with favorabletransportationto market, wonld be tle only necessary couditions. Respectable honses and generous home comforts are still too rarely found in Cali‘fornia, yet there are great improvements . and moviug half; the white lines represeubeing made. Hundreds of little articles of

use and ornament,—earpets, and other tex. tile wooden and iron fabrics, such as maehinery and local production can present cheaply, are already employing a consider. able proportion of tho laboring population of the State, thongl hitherto confined for obvions reasons, mainly to tho vicinity of San Pisineiseo ‘T'o give an idea of the simplicity of the turbine, and its adaptation to small quautities with a great fall of water, the two accompanying illustrations, being perspective and sectional views of Bodine’e Jonval turbine, will serve onr purpose. The tnrbine is fitted into a tnbe, box or “ penstock,” where thejwater, iu paeeing forcibly down wunst pass through it, ina manner precisely the reverse of the steamer propeller—the water movirg the propeller, instead of the latter moving against tho water. Fig. 1 exhibits the appearance of the complete instrument, as looked at from the out-ide; fig. 2 shows the relations of the upper and statiouary part to the lower ting the bnekets, or shovels, to which the flow of water has to accommodate itself, and the arrows showing tho direction taken by the water, which forees the lower Regarding the different kinds of water wheels and water engines in usethe over-shot, the nndcr-shot, tho breast halfway-between these, and the turbine, are the common ones; all of whieli are modified by a great varicty of sliapes as to tho shovels or bnekets used; in which the primitive principle, however, remains the same, Amongst the turbines that of Fourneyron, the inventor, was the earliest, but it has been supereeded by numerons othere. The Bodiue Jonval wheel, here represented, is manufactured in Westfield, Maseachusetts, by the Bodine Company, a new association. With some of the gentlemen composing the compauy, we are persoually aeqnainted. They are represented on this coast hy Messre. Fuller & Co., No. 109 Montgomery street, who are just introdneing the wheels into this field. The proprietors make the following claims for their wheel : That for all positions aud under any head of water, it ie better adapted to drive machinery than any other kind of wheel in nse. As the water enters in a direct line of the wheel’s rotation, we avoid the lateral preseure and friction against tho enrb, to which other wheels are subject, hence it will give out a greater amount of power with the same qnantity of water, than any other wheel ever inven Zt has the advantage of using every inch of the head or fall of the water, and is not effected by frost in any way. The water can be ehnt off at any time, and the wheel left dry for repairs or for tha removal of accidental obstructions. Our wheel is so constructed that the head and fall of the water produces no weight npon the step; the tendency of the water is to raise the wheel whieli prevents the step from wearing, and overcomes mach friction to which other turbines are snbjected. Ouv steps and followers are made of lignnmvite. Wo had wheels running under higli heads, for nearly two years, in which the step has not run down a particlo. If after long usage the step shonld wear down, it is but the workof 2 momen’ to raise it to its original position. The wheel is cast in one piece, by a new process peculiarly designed for the purpose, making it a strong, smooth and perfectly balanced wheel. They are made in the most snbetantial manner, of iron or brass; greater weight of metal is used than is customary with other builders, consequently greater strength and durability is obtained. The wheel is held to its proper place at all times, by a bridge tree above and below, secured firmly to the ease of the wheel. We havea new adjnstablo step upon which the wheel rests, by which the hight of the whec] is regulated to the case, so there will be no loss of water by leakage. In our next number we shall continue the subject of turbine and water whieels, speaking more particularly of other wheels in use. Warre Prve.—dwardB. Dorsey, M.E., who has just returned from White Pino, reports that a careful examination of the ore deposits there, convinces him fully of their closo similarity iu character to the mines with which he was formerly connected at Chanareillo, Chili; except that the several veins which he has been able to reeoguize as such, are contact veins, and that they contain a good deal of quartz in half and its conmected axle, to turn. the gangue, 4