Volume 23 (1871) (426 pages)

Toe Tevev’etoe NS ab > th A ~ py JeLusTRATED JOURNAL OF PCIENTIFIC AND eae ee . tehani¢ Arts and a ao] J NDUSTRIAL PROGRESS, noent £ ; [> i TONS, Ing, BY DEWEY & Co., Patent Solleltors. SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1871. VOLUME XXII}. Number 15. GWYNNE'S DRAINAGE SIPHON. The drainage of lands by means of pnmping apparatus is a branch of ongineering very fully devoloped in many countries of Europe; but in this it has not yet received the attontion that at no very distant day must be aceorded to it. The engraving which wo here give from an English exchange represents a siphou—soealled—constrncted hy Messrs. Gwynne & Co., of London, and specially designed for drainago operations of minor er moderate magnitude. In the engraving, B is a siphon of ordinary constrnctien, but having a flap-valve, opening inwards or upwards, attached to tho inner end, and which prevents the water flowing hack again. At the other end of the siphon another valve is fixed which opens outwards, and which is shown in the engraying olosed hy the chain, C. Attached to the siphon is one of Messrs. Gwynne's centrifugal pumps, having a separate snction pipe and valve dipping into the water, and its discharge pipe secured to and emptying into tho siphon, B. To start the siphon, the pump is pnt in motion hy the portable engine, the aircock is opened, and as the siphon fills with water, all the air is quickly displaced. Tho air-valve is then closed, and on the chain, C, heing unfastened, the outer valve will open, andthe siphon will discharge water in the nsual way and at the ordinary velocity. By keeping the pnmp at work, howevor, an increased discharge of water is ohtained through the siphon, the increase heing in proportion to the velocity with which the water is discharged by the pump. This inereased qnantity is additional to the actual water forced into the siphon hy the pump. By this arrangemont the siphon can he made to act even when the water on each side of the hank is at the same level. One pump may be made to chargo or fill a nnmher of siphons if placed near each other, and, instead of the portehle steam engine, the pump itself can he driven by hand, horse, or any other power, or even hy s turbine driven hy the discharge from one of the siphons, where the difference in the level of the water justifies such an arrangement. For keeping low-lying lands, for example those inelosed hy dykes, from the accumulation of water from rain upon them, a power to work the apperatus will of course he required proportionate to the rain-fall. A few statistics, therefore, of the rain-fall of different countrios will give an idea of the variations in the power required in various regions to maintain a pumping apparatus in operation for a given area. The greatest rain-fall in England in 24 hours may he taken at three inches, and the annual rain-fall at from 20 inches to 70 inches, and the mean may be taken at 42 inches. For London, 24 inches; Rome, 36 inches; Paris, 21 inches; Liverpool, 34 inches; Kendal, Westmoreland, 60 inches; St. Petershurg, 16 inches; Upsal, 26 inches; India—in the plains— from 50 inches to 70 inches, and in the hills, 1:0 inches. At the Capo, 23 inches; Tasmania, 25 inches; iu the Southern States of North America, abont 46 inches. The greatest evaporation in 24 hours in India is about 0.56 inch, and the mean daily evaporation 0.22; tho mean daily evaporation in England may be taken as 0.08 inch. In England, drains and sewers should he constructed large enough to earry off one inch of rain per hour—i. e., 60 cubic feet of water per minute per acre, where heavy falls of rain take place, as during thunder storms, ete. In England it is assumed that for tho drainage of fons and low-lying districts an engiue of from twelve to sixteen horsepowor is sufficient to keep dry a thousand acres of land, provided the lift does not exceed ten fcot. Our climate being more Reduced Charges for Milling Ores. Eps. Press:—The improved methods of roasting ores of late years have led the way to greater progress in milling than the world had made in the last three hundred years;and still the call is loud fer inyentive genius to step forward and make its mark higheron the scale of advance. In this place the roasting of ores in the old reverheratory furnace costs on an average $15 per ton; by the Stetefeldt precess$5.45; hy the White revolving furnace $2.30, The miners here have long been asking for a reduction in the charges for milling. The price had gradually fallen from $80 to $35, hut this did not satisfy the demand, and as one company had purchased the exclusive right to use t GWYNNE’S DRAINAGE SIPHON. dry than that of the British Islands, this estimate would doubtless he found within bounds for similar operations in this conntry. The land reclamation movements now going on in this State, will eventually call for something of this kind. Indeed, the city of Sacramento has already expended large sums of money for drainage purposes, with a result which we should suppose might have heen accomplished at a much reduced cost hy the employment of the principle here descrihed. We are indehted to the American Artisan for the ahove illustration. + Dongs CrusHer.—A gentleman in Montana wishes to know the address of the manufacturer of the ahove named ore crusher. We helieve it is made in the Eastern States. , As the patentee does not advertise in the mining states, we will publish his address if some friend will find and send it. Tue GoupeN Sratz Iron Works are making some large hydraulic and screw presses for the vineyards of Eherhardt and Lachman, the Stetefeldt furnace and no other process could compete with it, the citizens cluhhed together, huilt a mill, put in a White fnrnace, and reduced the price of working to $20. This mill has just completcd its first month’s run, hut with what success it is difficult to learn. The furnace worked well, if anything, too well, for it hurned or partly fluxed the ore. It produced very fine hullion, but for reasons hest known to the stockholders it is now standing idle. Rumor says that they have sustained considerahle loss. ‘The faults inthe construction of the mill are small and can he easily remedied. One would think that it would require acquaintance with this new kind of a furnace, or skill would have to he acquired hy making tests in speed of revolution, degree of heat, and hoth combined. We havein this country a great many so called millmen and assayers, who are deserving of great credit of making the hest use of the knowledge they have; hut that is very little more than the ‘‘thumh rule” of doiug thus and so, without heing ahle to give areason for it. The first moment a difficulty arises in the shape of rehellious ore, or other matters they are as helpless as the common run of miners, who make no pretensions of metallurgical knowledge. A failure is the result. The fact is, we must have in this State a first-class mining school whero the practical and scientitie branches shall be thoroughly taught. Thena graduate of such a sohool will be able to aualyze all the ores and be perfectly versed in the best processes of working them. On this point more anon. We have here, as there is almost everywhere, a large class of low-grade ores thut will net work over $40 per ton, and are very anxious to soe the citizen’s mill 2 success. In the meantime the Pacific Co. has just reccived ancther of White’s furnaces which is somewhat improved, and they will soon have it running in the Medicum mill, where it will he likely toreceive good treatment. A report of its result will he leoked for with interest. Tne Manhattan Co. aro fortunate in having an excellent, mechanic, who, from time to timo has heen making improvements upon the machinery, so that now their twonty stamp mill reduces thirty tonsa day. They have just erected new pans, retorts, and smelting rooms, which does great credit to their worthy engineer. For neatness, convenience, and efficiency, the old Manhattan stands to-day without a rival. A marked feature of the new improvements, is that special regard has heen paid to the health of the workmen. A. CHASE, Austin, Nevada, Sept, 28th, 1871. A a Minina Mar or Utan.—We received from Mr. Froiseth, some time since, & new mining map of Utah, and inadvertantly omitted to mention it. It is a very valuahle map to those interested in mines in that section of country and is well gotten up. It is drawn on a scale of 4 miles to an inch, showing the Railroads completed and projected, and the line of the Utah Central with its hranch to the Cottonwood mines. It shows also the houndaries of 28 organized mining districts, and the locations of a few of the principal mines in each. It is compiled from the latest United States surveys and other authentic sources. ‘This map has heen of great use to us in our office and we recommend it to our readers as a very convenient reference. These maps are for sale hy Roman & Co., in this city, or hy the puhlisher, B. A. M. Froiseth, Salt Lake City, Utah. Tue YeLtow STonE Country, according to our correspondent W. H. M., is believed to he a fine agricultural, as well as mineral section, hut the Indians are so had that it is unsafe for partiesto venture there unless accompanied hy soldiers, or in numbers sufficient to protect themselves. The section contains some of the wonders of the world, which we at this late day are just discovering. ‘he Northern Pacific Railroad which will pass through that part of the country, will do much to develop its resources, and give miners a chance to prospect, and tourists an opportunity to visit and explore. Nor Canrrep Ovt.—When in Washingington in May last, Commissioner Legget, informed us of the intention of the office to supply each inventor for the term of six months after his patent issued with full copies of all patents, issuing in the same class as his own. We predicted at the time of publishing our notice of such intention, that we did not deem the ideaa practical one, and we now have to inform our readers that it has never heen carried out hy the department.

Toe Tevev’etoe NS ab > th A ~ py JeLusTRATED JOURNAL OF PCIENTIFIC AND eae ee . tehani¢ Arts and a ao] J NDUSTRIAL PROGRESS, noent £ ; [> i TONS, Ing, BY DEWEY & Co., Patent Solleltors. SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1871. VOLUME XXII}. Number 15. GWYNNE'S DRAINAGE SIPHON. The drainage of lands by means of pnmping apparatus is a branch of ongineering very fully devoloped in many countries of Europe; but in this it has not yet received the attontion that at no very distant day must be aceorded to it. The engraving which wo here give from an English exchange represents a siphou—soealled—constrncted hy Messrs. Gwynne & Co., of London, and specially designed for drainago operations of minor er moderate magnitude. In the engraving, B is a siphon of ordinary constrnctien, but having a flap-valve, opening inwards or upwards, attached to tho inner end, and which prevents the water flowing hack again. At the other end of the siphon another valve is fixed which opens outwards, and which is shown in the engraying olosed hy the chain, C. Attached to the siphon is one of Messrs. Gwynne's centrifugal pumps, having a separate snction pipe and valve dipping into the water, and its discharge pipe secured to and emptying into tho siphon, B. To start the siphon, the pump is pnt in motion hy the portable engine, the aircock is opened, and as the siphon fills with water, all the air is quickly displaced. Tho air-valve is then closed, and on the chain, C, heing unfastened, the outer valve will open, andthe siphon will discharge water in the nsual way and at the ordinary velocity. By keeping the pnmp at work, howevor, an increased discharge of water is ohtained through the siphon, the increase heing in proportion to the velocity with which the water is discharged by the pump. This inereased qnantity is additional to the actual water forced into the siphon hy the pump. By this arrangemont the siphon can he made to act even when the water on each side of the hank is at the same level. One pump may be made to chargo or fill a nnmher of siphons if placed near each other, and, instead of the portehle steam engine, the pump itself can he driven by hand, horse, or any other power, or even hy s turbine driven hy the discharge from one of the siphons, where the difference in the level of the water justifies such an arrangement. For keeping low-lying lands, for example those inelosed hy dykes, from the accumulation of water from rain upon them, a power to work the apperatus will of course he required proportionate to the rain-fall. A few statistics, therefore, of the rain-fall of different countrios will give an idea of the variations in the power required in various regions to maintain a pumping apparatus in operation for a given area. The greatest rain-fall in England in 24 hours may he taken at three inches, and the annual rain-fall at from 20 inches to 70 inches, and the mean may be taken at 42 inches. For London, 24 inches; Rome, 36 inches; Paris, 21 inches; Liverpool, 34 inches; Kendal, Westmoreland, 60 inches; St. Petershurg, 16 inches; Upsal, 26 inches; India—in the plains— from 50 inches to 70 inches, and in the hills, 1:0 inches. At the Capo, 23 inches; Tasmania, 25 inches; iu the Southern States of North America, abont 46 inches. The greatest evaporation in 24 hours in India is about 0.56 inch, and the mean daily evaporation 0.22; tho mean daily evaporation in England may be taken as 0.08 inch. In England, drains and sewers should he constructed large enough to earry off one inch of rain per hour—i. e., 60 cubic feet of water per minute per acre, where heavy falls of rain take place, as during thunder storms, ete. In England it is assumed that for tho drainage of fons and low-lying districts an engiue of from twelve to sixteen horsepowor is sufficient to keep dry a thousand acres of land, provided the lift does not exceed ten fcot. Our climate being more Reduced Charges for Milling Ores. Eps. Press:—The improved methods of roasting ores of late years have led the way to greater progress in milling than the world had made in the last three hundred years;and still the call is loud fer inyentive genius to step forward and make its mark higheron the scale of advance. In this place the roasting of ores in the old reverheratory furnace costs on an average $15 per ton; by the Stetefeldt precess$5.45; hy the White revolving furnace $2.30, The miners here have long been asking for a reduction in the charges for milling. The price had gradually fallen from $80 to $35, hut this did not satisfy the demand, and as one company had purchased the exclusive right to use t GWYNNE’S DRAINAGE SIPHON. dry than that of the British Islands, this

estimate would doubtless he found within bounds for similar operations in this conntry. The land reclamation movements now going on in this State, will eventually call for something of this kind. Indeed, the city of Sacramento has already expended large sums of money for drainage purposes, with a result which we should suppose might have heen accomplished at a much reduced cost hy the employment of the principle here descrihed. We are indehted to the American Artisan for the ahove illustration. + Dongs CrusHer.—A gentleman in Montana wishes to know the address of the manufacturer of the ahove named ore crusher. We helieve it is made in the Eastern States. , As the patentee does not advertise in the mining states, we will publish his address if some friend will find and send it. Tue GoupeN Sratz Iron Works are making some large hydraulic and screw presses for the vineyards of Eherhardt and Lachman, the Stetefeldt furnace and no other process could compete with it, the citizens cluhhed together, huilt a mill, put in a White fnrnace, and reduced the price of working to $20. This mill has just completcd its first month’s run, hut with what success it is difficult to learn. The furnace worked well, if anything, too well, for it hurned or partly fluxed the ore. It produced very fine hullion, but for reasons hest known to the stockholders it is now standing idle. Rumor says that they have sustained considerahle loss. ‘The faults inthe construction of the mill are small and can he easily remedied. One would think that it would require acquaintance with this new kind of a furnace, or skill would have to he acquired hy making tests in speed of revolution, degree of heat, and hoth combined. We havein this country a great many so called millmen and assayers, who are deserving of great credit of making the hest use of the knowledge they have; hut that is very little more than the ‘‘thumh rule” of doiug thus and so, without heing ahle to give areason for it. The first moment a difficulty arises in the shape of rehellious ore, or other matters they are as helpless as the common run of miners, who make no pretensions of metallurgical knowledge. A failure is the result. The fact is, we must have in this State a first-class mining school whero the practical and scientitie branches shall be thoroughly taught. Thena graduate of such a sohool will be able to aualyze all the ores and be perfectly versed in the best processes of working them. On this point more anon. We have here, as there is almost everywhere, a large class of low-grade ores thut will net work over $40 per ton, and are very anxious to soe the citizen’s mill 2 success. In the meantime the Pacific Co. has just reccived ancther of White’s furnaces which is somewhat improved, and they will soon have it running in the Medicum mill, where it will he likely toreceive good treatment. A report of its result will he leoked for with interest. Tne Manhattan Co. aro fortunate in having an excellent, mechanic, who, from time to timo has heen making improvements upon the machinery, so that now their twonty stamp mill reduces thirty tonsa day. They have just erected new pans, retorts, and smelting rooms, which does great credit to their worthy engineer. For neatness, convenience, and efficiency, the old Manhattan stands to-day without a rival. A marked feature of the new improvements, is that special regard has heen paid to the health of the workmen. A. CHASE, Austin, Nevada, Sept, 28th, 1871. A a Minina Mar or Utan.—We received from Mr. Froiseth, some time since, & new mining map of Utah, and inadvertantly omitted to mention it. It is a very valuahle map to those interested in mines in that section of country and is well gotten up. It is drawn on a scale of 4 miles to an inch, showing the Railroads completed and projected, and the line of the Utah Central with its hranch to the Cottonwood mines. It shows also the houndaries of 28 organized mining districts, and the locations of a few of the principal mines in each. It is compiled from the latest United States surveys and other authentic sources. ‘This map has heen of great use to us in our office and we recommend it to our readers as a very convenient reference. These maps are for sale hy Roman & Co., in this city, or hy the puhlisher, B. A. M. Froiseth, Salt Lake City, Utah. Tue YeLtow STonE Country, according to our correspondent W. H. M., is believed to he a fine agricultural, as well as mineral section, hut the Indians are so had that it is unsafe for partiesto venture there unless accompanied hy soldiers, or in numbers sufficient to protect themselves. The section contains some of the wonders of the world, which we at this late day are just discovering. ‘he Northern Pacific Railroad which will pass through that part of the country, will do much to develop its resources, and give miners a chance to prospect, and tourists an opportunity to visit and explore. Nor Canrrep Ovt.—When in Washingington in May last, Commissioner Legget, informed us of the intention of the office to supply each inventor for the term of six months after his patent issued with full copies of all patents, issuing in the same class as his own. We predicted at the time of publishing our notice of such intention, that we did not deem the ideaa practical one, and we now have to inform our readers that it has never heen carried out hy the department.