Volume 24 (1872) (424 pages)

February 24, 1872.]} SCIENTIFIC PRESS. 121 Travis and Wagner's Portable Mill. Onr illnstration represents a portablo mill in a convenient form, for grinding either qnartz or grain. There are two hurr stones, the upper ono of which is stationary and the lower ono arranged so that it may be raised or lowered by means of a convenient screw so as to meot the upper stono and grind eithsr coarse or fine. As the stones wear away the screw raises the lower one as far as required, and when its length will no longer admit, a set of serews are loosened aboyo and tho upper stone is lowered to mect the lower one. The stone is raised ,by a perpendionlar lift by means ofa lever attached to a screw. It can bo regulated at will so as to admit of grinding quartz, grain, spices, ete., fino or coarso. The solf-fceding apparatus is arranged so that every revolntion of tho stone shakes tho feeding shoo twice. The oil bush holds sufticient oil so that it will Inhricate the shaft for throe months without renewal. Tho hopper may bo rogulated to feed fast or slow as requirod. Differont sizes of this mill are made and will he fonnd convenient either around a qnartz mill or npon a farm. Those inTravis and Wagner's Portabls Mill. tended for grinding quartz are made with ysry hard stones so as to ensnre durahility. The mills are manufactured hy Travis & ‘Wagner, who may be addressed at No. 41 First street, in this City. California Academy of Sciences, The California Academy of Sciences held their regular meeting on the 19th inst., President Heuston in the chair. Oliver Eldridge, Mayor William Alvord, Samuel M. Wilson, F. W. Van Rsynegom, Ralph C. Harrison, George FE. Page and A. T, Chamhers were slected to membership. Rudolph Gottgetrsn, Professor of the Polytschnie Institute, Munich, Bavaria, was elected a corresponding memhsr, Questions for Discussion. Dr. A. Kellogg of the Committee on Questions for Discussion suhmitted the following questions: First—Do erolities fall chiefly in the path of the ecliptic or magnetic path—that is, 22 degrees 30 minutes on either side of the poles of the earth, and what is their origin ? Second—Have the remains of tropical production in Arctic climes any bearing upon the geological phenomenon of the procession of the equinoxes. Third—lIs ths restless desire from age to age for more facts characteristic of those who are unable to reason from principles tocauses, and would any amount of chaotic facts be sufficient for snch persons? Dr. Gibbons proposed the following: Can the climate of California be altered sensibly by changes of the earth’s surface, hy cultivation and otherwise ? On motion of Dr. Hewston the selection of a question was deferred until the next meeting. Donations. A number of donations to the cabinet were reccived, among them the first piece of cast steel manufactured on this coast and a mat or sack of a species of pepper-wort root from the Sandwich Islands. Dr. Stout presented two works on California by a German author and commented upon them, saying that the author greatly deprecates the wholesale destruction of our magnificent forests. Dr. Stoutas one of the special committee on puhlications and transactions of foreign a list of the contrihntions received from them and noticing especially the valnahle geological maps of Sweden. A rssolutiou was passed to send in return the geologieal maps of this State. State Aid. A motion that a committee of three he appointed to draft a bill soliciting State aid to enable the Academy to erect a snitahlo building, was referred to the Trustees. A resolution providing that the Trustees be required to forward a petition to the Legislature, praying for a continuation of . the State Gsologioal Survey as at present constituted was earriod unsnimously. Man's Place in Nature. The minds of many men are confused on this question. One reason for this is, the fact that they start out on wrong prinTig. I. ciples. They goon the snpposition that man is simply a developed animal, whereas, in fact, he is a crsated human being. ‘‘In the image of God created he him.” These secular philosophers,'such as Owen, Darwin, Huxley, and others, fail to comprehend this grand fact; nor do they seem to understand where to draw the line hetween man and animals—bstwesn instinct and reason. Phrenology explains this whole matter. Man has a three-fold nature, and, for the sake of illustration, we may say the hrain is like a three-story house. The lower story, including the cellar and kitchen, where the eatables and drinkahles are supposed to he stored, answers to the animal propensities and the instincts. Here are located the organs of appetite, the sight, hearing, taste, smell,— indeed, all the senses, including the domestic affections, the procreatiye principle, common to reptile, animal and man. The second story of this house, or hrain, is Fig. ID. occupied with a class of faculties not possessed hy the animal, and here is where the line may he drawn betwsen instinct and reason, man having both, while the animal has hut one. Here in this second story is reason, causalty, comparison, invention, with other powers not possessed hy animals, but constituting necessary and ever-present powers of man. Now, let us move up one story higher. What do we find here? Furniture and appurtenances totally above thereach or comprehension of any animal. We have Benevolence, which no animal ever possessed: we have Conscientiousness, a sense of justice on which integrity is based, never manifested by any animal; we have the faculty of Hope, which gives man a sense of immortality; we have faith, which gives him a spiritual sense or a prophetic forecast of the higher life, of that which is beyond the reach even of reasou; we have Veneration, which gives devotion, and inclines man to acknowledge his obligation ssociations, suhmitted a report showing to obey the superior or creative Power, and render homage to his Makor, and he snbmissive to do his will, Man prays! The lower animals recognize no superior, except aftora trial of strength. These traits make mana different being from any of the animal kingdom—tho cronwing work of ercation. And this is ‘‘ man’s placein nature.” Bstween man and animal thero is a marked separation with no connecting links. Examine the heads, evsn the naked skulls of reptile, beast, bird, and man, and the whole thing is as simple as it is absolute. Then why puzzlo over tho question of man’s descent, or, rather, asesnt, from plant to beast, and from beast to hnman ? Why not take these basic principles of Anatomy Phrenology and Psychology, and settle tho qusstion on these? It will oomo to this at last. The three-fold nature of man we have often discussed, and now propose to illustrate it, viz., the animal or instinctive, the intellectual or rsasoning, and thomoral or spiritual natures. In Fig. 1 these three ranges of powers are indicated. In region No. 1, helow the first line, the organs in the base of the brain } are shown. Thess are common to man and the lowsr animals. This rsgion takes in . the perceptive intellect, the passions, propsnsities, and such of the social organs as belong to animal life. That region may be called the animal hrain, located in the lower story of the head. Rising one step to region No. 2, we have the great reasoning or intellectual field, which the animal does not share with man. In region No. 3 we have the moral and spiritnal, whioh is entirely wanting in all the animal kingdom. ‘These occupy equal proportions in Fig. ILL =—_ Notices of Recent Patents, Among the patents recently ohtained throngh Dewey & Co.’s Scientifio Press American and Foreign Patent Agency, the following are worthy of mention: New Mareriau For Parer Srocx.— S. D. Baldwin, Marysville, Cal. This patent claim is for the nse of Scirpus Lacustris (or common tnle) for the mannfacture of printing, wrapping and other gradss of paper. Mr. B. has for some considerahle time had experiments going on here and in the East, and has finally sneceeded in estahlishing the fact that the native tnle, which grows so ahundant, in almost sndless tracts of cheap swamp lands in California, can be economically mannfactured toto first-class papers. Wesse no reason why it cannot be gathered, and with very little preparation pressed into bales for shipment to the priacipal papsr manufacturing conntries, there being supply sufficent for the world. Although no considerable quantity of paper has yet hssn meade of this material, we have no douht of its valus, and hopo soon to learn of extensive arrangsmsnts hsing made at some convenient point in this State for prsparing the raw material for shipment abroad, and for nse at home. There seems to be no good reason why it shonld not stimulate a much neglectsd mannfacturing indnstry on this Coast, i. e., paper making. We hope Mr. Baldwin will succeed in making this useful and abundant material more widely known and establish it as one of our State exports. . Raisrne Tamines.—Wilford A. Rogers, Folsom, Cal. This intthe well-halanced head. In Fig. 2 we exhihit the skull of a human being, with the three regions indicated by dotted lines and marked by numhers. The moral and spiritual region is not quite so well developed in theskull, Fig. 2, as in the head, Fig. 1, but it answers all the purposes of illustration. Fig. 3 is the gorilla’s skull. Its shaded outline shows the immense jaws and face, and the small bulh constituting the cranium. The brain is not larger than that of aninfanta weekold. Wedrawthesame three lines, showing the regions as we show them in the human head. Region No. 1, it will be seen, contains almost the entire hrain, showing that the gorilla has only the animal passions and instincts. We have drawn a dotted outline of a human head over the gorilla’s, showing what the gorilla lacks in development upward. Although he is larger than man, bodily, he has a small hrain, and nearly all the brain he has‘is located in the animal or instinctive departmsnts. Region No. 2 is practically wanting. Region No. 3, as will he seén, is wholly wanting. Ifthe head were developed according to the dotted outline, and the face were shortened off like that ofa human being, and the prodigious jaws were more light and delicate, it would look like a human head, and with such a development would have the human faculties to guide, regulate, and control his immense physical force. But the gorilla is a heast, and only a beast, with a beast’s hrain and face; and though the outline of the hody has some analogy to that of the human, the mental qualities which constitute human nature strictly speaking are, in him, entirely wanting. Those teeth are quite as savage and beastly as those of the bear, and the brain is shaped like that of a dog, with decidedly less of intelligence in the development of the brain, and far less of itin character. velopment theory make altogether too wide aleap from monkey to man. They pass many animals in that leap which in point of intelligence are quite in advance of the whole ape tribe.— From the Annual for 1871, The advocates of the de-' vention relates to a method for elevating tailings and dirt from placer diggings when the claim is situated lower than the surrounding ground, and it consists of a slightly declining slnice hox, into which the dirt isthrown and carried to the lower end hy a current of watsr. At this point the hox enters the lower end of another close hox which inclines sharply upward so that its outer end extends to the surface of the snrrounding ground. One or more nozzles enter this box at different points nsar the bottom and point in the dirsction of its outlet. A strong currsnt of water passes throngh these pipes and hy its momentum carries tailings up tothe surface of the ground, the the attion being similar to that of a Giffard injector. A Pxotoerarpmine Invention. —The Morning Cail mentions one of the important inventions for which patent claims have recently heen made through onr SorentiF1o Pruss agency, as follows: “Mr. H. W. Vanghan, the well known photographer of this city, has just invsnted a little apparatus which, it strikes us, will be found espscially useful in taking the pictures of children, as it dispenses with the great black cloth with which the ‘tube of the camera is covered, and the removal and replacement of which, while the picture is being taken, tends to impair the result, by distracting the attentention of the sitter. Instead of the cloth or brass cap which covers the tube of the camera, Mr. Vuughan employs a disk of brass or other metal, consisting of two ssmi-lunar portions, which open and close like the blades of a of pair scissors, and thus Open or close the tube of the camera. They are worked noiselessly and instantaneously by the slight pressure of a little knob on the top of the instrument, and the plate isexposed and closed again without any manipulations that can be seen hy the sitter. By this means the operator waits until the child assumes a favorable expression, when he presses the spring, exposes the plate, and takes the picture without making any motion that attracts the attention or causes a motion of his sitter. Like all useful inventions, this is exceedingly simple, and may be attached to any photographic camera.” see, Tae Vuuean Iron Worxs.—We are pleased to learn that operations will be resumed at these works about the middle of next month, under a new and efficient organization, at which time the managers will he ready to receive and serve their old customers and friends.

February 24, 1872.]} SCIENTIFIC PRESS. 121 Travis and Wagner's Portable Mill. Onr illnstration represents a portablo mill in a convenient form, for grinding either qnartz or grain. There are two hurr stones, the upper ono of which is stationary and the lower ono arranged so that it may be raised or lowered by means of a convenient screw so as to meot the upper stono and grind eithsr coarse or fine. As the stones wear away the screw raises the lower one as far as required, and when its length will no longer admit, a set of serews are loosened aboyo and tho upper stone is lowered to mect the lower one. The stone is raised ,by a perpendionlar lift by means ofa lever attached to a screw. It can bo regulated at will so as to admit of grinding quartz, grain, spices, ete., fino or coarso. The solf-fceding apparatus is arranged so that every revolntion of tho stone shakes tho feeding shoo twice. The oil bush holds sufticient oil so that it will Inhricate the shaft for throe months without renewal. Tho hopper may bo rogulated to feed fast or slow as requirod. Differont sizes of this mill are made and will he fonnd convenient either around a qnartz mill or npon a farm. Those inTravis and Wagner's Portabls Mill. tended for grinding quartz are made with ysry hard stones so as to ensnre durahility. The mills are manufactured hy Travis & ‘Wagner, who may be addressed at No. 41 First street, in this City. California Academy of Sciences, The California Academy of Sciences held their regular meeting on the 19th inst., President Heuston in the chair. Oliver Eldridge, Mayor William Alvord, Samuel M. Wilson, F. W. Van Rsynegom, Ralph C. Harrison, George FE. Page and A. T, Chamhers were slected to membership. Rudolph Gottgetrsn, Professor of the Polytschnie Institute, Munich, Bavaria, was elected a corresponding memhsr, Questions for Discussion. Dr. A. Kellogg of the Committee on Questions for Discussion suhmitted the following questions: First—Do erolities fall chiefly in the path of the ecliptic or magnetic path—that is, 22 degrees 30 minutes on either side of the poles of the earth, and what is their origin ? Second—Have the remains of tropical production in Arctic climes any bearing upon the geological phenomenon of the procession of the equinoxes. Third—lIs ths restless desire from age to age for more facts characteristic of those who are unable to reason from principles tocauses, and would any amount of chaotic facts be sufficient for snch persons? Dr. Gibbons proposed the following: Can the climate of California be altered sensibly by changes of the earth’s surface, hy cultivation and otherwise ? On motion of Dr. Hewston the selection of a question was deferred until the next meeting. Donations. A number of donations to the cabinet were reccived, among them the first piece of cast steel manufactured on this coast and a mat or sack of a species of pepper-wort root from the Sandwich Islands. Dr. Stout presented two works on California by a German author and commented upon them, saying that the author greatly deprecates the wholesale destruction of our magnificent forests. Dr. Stoutas one of the special committee on puhlications and transactions of foreign a list of the contrihntions received from them and noticing especially the valnahle geological maps of Sweden. A rssolutiou was passed to send in return the geologieal maps of this State. State Aid. A motion that a committee of three he appointed to draft a bill soliciting State aid to enable the Academy to erect a snitahlo building, was referred to the Trustees. A resolution providing that the Trustees be required to forward a petition to the Legislature, praying for a continuation of . the State Gsologioal Survey as at present constituted was earriod unsnimously. Man's Place in Nature. The minds of many men are confused on this question. One reason for this is, the fact that they start out on wrong prinTig. I. ciples. They goon the snpposition that man is simply a developed animal, whereas, in fact, he is a crsated human being. ‘‘In the image of God created he him.” These secular philosophers,'such as Owen, Darwin, Huxley, and others, fail to comprehend this grand fact; nor do they seem to understand where to draw the line hetween man and animals—bstwesn instinct and reason. Phrenology explains this whole matter. Man has a three-fold nature, and, for the sake of illustration, we may say the hrain is like a three-story house. The lower story, including the cellar and kitchen, where the eatables and drinkahles are supposed to he stored, answers to the animal propensities and the instincts. Here are located the organs of appetite, the sight, hearing, taste, smell,— indeed, all the senses, including the domestic affections, the procreatiye principle, common to reptile, animal and man. The second story of this house, or hrain, is Fig. ID. occupied with a class of faculties not possessed hy the animal, and here is where the line may he drawn betwsen instinct and reason, man having both, while the animal has hut one. Here in this second story is reason, causalty, comparison, invention, with other powers not possessed hy animals, but constituting necessary and ever-present powers of man. Now, let us move up one story higher. What do we find here? Furniture and appurtenances totally above thereach or comprehension of any animal. We have Benevolence, which no animal ever possessed: we have Conscientiousness, a sense of justice on which integrity is based, never manifested by any animal; we have the faculty of Hope, which gives man a sense of immortality; we have faith, which gives him a spiritual sense or a prophetic forecast of the higher life, of that which is beyond the reach even of reasou; we have Veneration, which gives devotion, and inclines man to acknowledge his obligation ssociations, suhmitted a report showing to obey the superior or creative Power, and render homage to his Makor, and he snbmissive to do his will, Man prays! The lower animals recognize no superior, except aftora trial of strength. These traits make mana different being from any of the animal kingdom—tho cronwing work of ercation. And this is ‘‘ man’s placein nature.” Bstween man and animal thero is a marked separation with no connecting links. Examine the heads, evsn the naked skulls of reptile, beast, bird, and man, and the whole thing is as simple as it is absolute. Then why puzzlo over tho question of man’s descent, or, rather, asesnt, from plant to beast, and from beast to hnman ? Why not take these basic principles of Anatomy Phrenology and Psychology, and settle tho qusstion on these? It will oomo to this at last. The three-fold nature of

man we have often discussed, and now propose to illustrate it, viz., the animal or instinctive, the intellectual or rsasoning, and thomoral or spiritual natures. In Fig. 1 these three ranges of powers are indicated. In region No. 1, helow the first line, the organs in the base of the brain } are shown. Thess are common to man and the lowsr animals. This rsgion takes in . the perceptive intellect, the passions, propsnsities, and such of the social organs as belong to animal life. That region may be called the animal hrain, located in the lower story of the head. Rising one step to region No. 2, we have the great reasoning or intellectual field, which the animal does not share with man. In region No. 3 we have the moral and spiritnal, whioh is entirely wanting in all the animal kingdom. ‘These occupy equal proportions in Fig. ILL =—_ Notices of Recent Patents, Among the patents recently ohtained throngh Dewey & Co.’s Scientifio Press American and Foreign Patent Agency, the following are worthy of mention: New Mareriau For Parer Srocx.— S. D. Baldwin, Marysville, Cal. This patent claim is for the nse of Scirpus Lacustris (or common tnle) for the mannfacture of printing, wrapping and other gradss of paper. Mr. B. has for some considerahle time had experiments going on here and in the East, and has finally sneceeded in estahlishing the fact that the native tnle, which grows so ahundant, in almost sndless tracts of cheap swamp lands in California, can be economically mannfactured toto first-class papers. Wesse no reason why it cannot be gathered, and with very little preparation pressed into bales for shipment to the priacipal papsr manufacturing conntries, there being supply sufficent for the world. Although no considerable quantity of paper has yet hssn meade of this material, we have no douht of its valus, and hopo soon to learn of extensive arrangsmsnts hsing made at some convenient point in this State for prsparing the raw material for shipment abroad, and for nse at home. There seems to be no good reason why it shonld not stimulate a much neglectsd mannfacturing indnstry on this Coast, i. e., paper making. We hope Mr. Baldwin will succeed in making this useful and abundant material more widely known and establish it as one of our State exports. . Raisrne Tamines.—Wilford A. Rogers, Folsom, Cal. This intthe well-halanced head. In Fig. 2 we exhihit the skull of a human being, with the three regions indicated by dotted lines and marked by numhers. The moral and spiritual region is not quite so well developed in theskull, Fig. 2, as in the head, Fig. 1, but it answers all the purposes of illustration. Fig. 3 is the gorilla’s skull. Its shaded outline shows the immense jaws and face, and the small bulh constituting the cranium. The brain is not larger than that of aninfanta weekold. Wedrawthesame three lines, showing the regions as we show them in the human head. Region No. 1, it will be seen, contains almost the entire hrain, showing that the gorilla has only the animal passions and instincts. We have drawn a dotted outline of a human head over the gorilla’s, showing what the gorilla lacks in development upward. Although he is larger than man, bodily, he has a small hrain, and nearly all the brain he has‘is located in the animal or instinctive departmsnts. Region No. 2 is practically wanting. Region No. 3, as will he seén, is wholly wanting. Ifthe head were developed according to the dotted outline, and the face were shortened off like that ofa human being, and the prodigious jaws were more light and delicate, it would look like a human head, and with such a development would have the human faculties to guide, regulate, and control his immense physical force. But the gorilla is a heast, and only a beast, with a beast’s hrain and face; and though the outline of the hody has some analogy to that of the human, the mental qualities which constitute human nature strictly speaking are, in him, entirely wanting. Those teeth are quite as savage and beastly as those of the bear, and the brain is shaped like that of a dog, with decidedly less of intelligence in the development of the brain, and far less of itin character. velopment theory make altogether too wide aleap from monkey to man. They pass many animals in that leap which in point of intelligence are quite in advance of the whole ape tribe.— From the Annual for 1871, The advocates of the de-' vention relates to a method for elevating tailings and dirt from placer diggings when the claim is situated lower than the surrounding ground, and it consists of a slightly declining slnice hox, into which the dirt isthrown and carried to the lower end hy a current of watsr. At this point the hox enters the lower end of another close hox which inclines sharply upward so that its outer end extends to the surface of the snrrounding ground. One or more nozzles enter this box at different points nsar the bottom and point in the dirsction of its outlet. A strong currsnt of water passes throngh these pipes and hy its momentum carries tailings up tothe surface of the ground, the the attion being similar to that of a Giffard injector. A Pxotoerarpmine Invention. —The Morning Cail mentions one of the important inventions for which patent claims have recently heen made through onr SorentiF1o Pruss agency, as follows: “Mr. H. W. Vanghan, the well known photographer of this city, has just invsnted a little apparatus which, it strikes us, will be found espscially useful in taking the pictures of children, as it dispenses with the great black cloth with which the ‘tube of the camera is covered, and the removal and replacement of which, while the picture is being taken, tends to impair the result, by distracting the attentention of the sitter. Instead of the cloth or brass cap which covers the tube of the camera, Mr. Vuughan employs a disk of brass or other metal, consisting of two ssmi-lunar portions, which open and close like the blades of a of pair scissors, and thus Open or close the tube of the camera. They are worked noiselessly and instantaneously by the slight pressure of a little knob on the top of the instrument, and the plate isexposed and closed again without any manipulations that can be seen hy the sitter. By this means the operator waits until the child assumes a favorable expression, when he presses the spring, exposes the plate, and takes the picture without making any motion that attracts the attention or causes a motion of his sitter. Like all useful inventions, this is exceedingly simple, and may be attached to any photographic camera.” see, Tae Vuuean Iron Worxs.—We are pleased to learn that operations will be resumed at these works about the middle of next month, under a new and efficient organization, at which time the managers will he ready to receive and serve their old customers and friends.