Volume 24 (1872) (424 pages)

204 SCIENTIFIC PRESS. [March 30, 1872. Alkali Soils. Many of our mountain readers will be interested in the following discussion which recently took place at the Sacramento Farmers’ Club, on the reclamation and value of alkali soil: J. RK. Johnson said—I think it evident that drainage alone cannot always be made effectual in the reclamation of alkali soile; at least other expedients may be resorted fo in connection with drainage with good results. Stable manure, well mixed with the soil, and turning the soil up with the plow and allowing it to remain loose, exposed to the action of the sun and atmosphere will help much. Alkali soils generally are very rich with the elements of production, but these elements are so mixed with other ingredients that plants cannot separate and use them. Anything that will neutralize or counteract these vicious ingredients will reclaim the soil and render it valuable. Manures of various kinds are found to do this, particularly coarse manures, as straw. The great difficulty with alkal soils is that they pack too close together, so as to exclude the air,and heat. Mixing with coarse manures opens the pores, so to speak, and enables the soil to breathe, and thus change its nature. Hoyt—I think the base of alkali soils is salt; and anything that will extract the salt will reclaim the land and makeit productive. Iagree with Johnson, that the alkali soils have a superabundance of elements of production, but not in proper proportion; restore the proportion and these lands are very valuable. Indeed, much of our alkali soil would make good manaure for a large portion of the light eoils of the Atlantic States. Aiken—I repeat, the great and effective agent at our command at the least expense for the reclamation of alkali soils ié6 drainage, Carry off the surplue water, and with it you will carry off the surplus alkali and render the soil porous and lively and productive. New Incorporations. Aups Watsr Co.—March 21. Location : Alameda Co. Capital stock, $60,000, in 600 “shares. Trustees—W. V. Thompson, Edward J. Pringle and T. A. Mudge. Srar ConsonrpaTeD M. Co.—March 21. Loeation: Eureka District, Lander Co., Nev. Capital stock, $5,000,000, in 50,000 shares. Trustees—G. T. Lanton, O, F. Giffin, J. H. H. Williams, L. A. Adams and Robert Sherwood, Lapy Emma M. Co.—March 21. Location: Agra District, El Dorado Co. Capital stock, $1,200,000, in 24,000 shares. Trustees—J. 58. Jameson, A. D. Carpenter and W. B. Terwilliger. Pennsynvanta M. anp M. Co.—March 25: Loeation: Schell Creek Mining District, White Pine county, Nev. Capital stock, $1,000,000, in 10,000 shares. Trustees—James M. Livingston, Joseph Woodworth and Thomas J. Patten. Sant Laze M. Co.—March 26. Location: Utah Territory. Capital stock, $3,000,000, in 30,000 shares. Trustees—M. D. Townsend, W. J, Jones, R. S. Eells, T. P. Kimball and James A. Allen. Sitver Prax M. Co., amended certificate. March 27. Location: Ely District. Capital stock, $3,000,000, in 30,000 shares. Trustees —J. D. Fry, John M. Martin, Wm. Cline, Wm. H. Sears and Ina G. Hoitt. . Bermont M. Co.—Mareh 27. Location : Philadelphia M. District, Nye county, Nevada. Capital stock, $5,000,000, in 50,000 shares. Trustees—Marion J. McDonald, F. F. Coffin, Victor Fornbach, Frank Swift and Mark L. McDonald. New Yorr Con. S. M. Co.—March 27: Location: Gold Hill M. District, Story county, Ney. Capital stock, $3,600,000, in 36,000 shares. Trustees—J. D. Fry, L. L. Robiuson, F. R. A. Pioche, Robert Sherwood and A. K. P. Harmon. 3 CorFEE GROWING IN CALIFORNIA.—A correspondent who has had experience in the cultivation of coffee in Java, at an elevation of 4,000 feet above the sea, where the banana would not bear fruit, and the sugar cane would not grow, and where the climate is colder than on our southern coast, writes to us that he is confident a coffee plantation of 300 acres, well managed, would pay wellin California. He would send tothe mountains of Java for the plants, ata cost of $2,000, set out 4,200 on an acre, in timber land, so that the trees would shade the young plauts, cultivate them three years at an expense of $35,000, and in the third year harvest a full crop of 5,000 pounds per acre, worth for the entire plantation, $300,000 or $400,000. He says that in Java, where the . Government, which owns most of the coffee plantations, has allowed private individuals to . gointo the business, they have made extra. ordinary profits. The subject deserves attention, though our correspondent may be too sanguine. The prudent course would be to cultivate 1 few plants, and find out how they rosper. We believe there are some in the tate now.-—Alta. Tur foothills of the Sierras in Placer, El Dorado, and Amador counties, are green with thousands of acres of the best looking wheat in the State, whilst a great dealin the lower valleys is too rank for the season and will require to be pastured or mown off, Smelting in Pittsburgh. Among the industrial enterprises of Pittshurgh, the smelting of silver ores promieee to be an important occupation. A fnrnace bas already been erected and is now running successfully, and in all probability it will serve asthe nucleus of one or more extensive smelting works, where ores of the precious metals may be cheaply reduced. Large quantities of ores from Utah and other weetern Territories are forwarded in sacks by the Union Pacific railroad and ite connections to New York, whence it is shipped to Swansea, in Wales, passing directly through Pittsburgh on its way. The expeuses of transportatiou over this long route are very heavy, while the cost of smelting in Utah, owing to various causes, is muoh greater than it would be inacity so favorably situated as Pittsburgh, where fuel of the best quality exists in abundance. The experiments hitherto made prove that the silver ores from the Flagstaff, Croesus, and other characterietie minee may be smelted at a cost not exceeding five dollars per ton, while the transportation charges are much less than would he the expense of smelting at the mines. As these experimente are heing conducted by experienced persons, and have already progressed favorahly, they may lead to the establishment of permanent works, and tend to keep the profits of emelting ores at home, instead of sending them to foreign metallurgists,—Am. Hngineer and Review. Co-oPERATIVE HovsrKnePina. — Selfmade men revert with pardonable pride to the difficulties which they overcome in early years. One supported his mother and sisters aud self, and paid the expenses of acollege education, by hard manual labor, Another made bis original mark in some New England district school, living frugally and studying hard. In fact, the devices resorted to a few years ago, by poor but ambitious young meu, who poseesed plnck and independence, are a legion innumber. No one feele disposed to dispute these facts, but when it is hinted that the material for self-made men is exhausted, and thatthe boyeof to-day never feel the Promethean fire burning in their bosoms, then it becomes necessary to advance some argument to the contrary, There are ten young men from Healdeburg attending the State University. Some of theee etudents could not afford to go through the College course, if they had to board ata hotel or ina private family. In view of this circumstance, the ten young men have formed a club and board themselves, having a Chinese cook. The expense ie thus reduced to fifteen dollare per month, and this includee board and washing. Thue, the tuition being free, the stndents can beoome thoroughly educated ata trifling cost, and it is evident that the young Californians appreciate this fact, and are determined to enjoy the generosity of this State, Cox. Buacx’s Portrazt, as recently published in the Press is alluded to by the New Worth Wesi,,of Deer Creek, M. T., as follows: Now we are not acquainted with Col. Black—have never seen him, to our Enowledge—but the illustration (although, of course, not a fine steel engraving), is certainly well executed, and up to the average of common wood engraving; and as for looks, if the Colonel is any better looking than that, he must without a doubt be the handsomest man in the Territory. The picture is decidedly good looking (as any one can see by examining it), even as it now is, and it is very likely it falls short of the original in fine personal appearance; but we have not seen a handsomer face (amoug men) in Montana than this same picture indicates. The editor of the Gazetle must be alittle jealous; certainly nothing else could ever induce him to attempt the demoltion of so fine a likeness. Tue discovery of glass making was effected by seeing the sand vitrified upon which a fire had been kindled. Blancourt says thatthe making of plate glass was suggested by the fact of a workman happening to break a crueihle filled with melted glass. Thefl uid ran under one of the large flag-stones with which the floor was paved. On raising the stone to recover the glase, it was found in the form of a plate, snch as could not be produced by the ordinary process of blowiug. Tux drainage of wet lands adds to their value by making them produce more and better crops, by producing them earlier, thus giving more time to mature. Mrvyers, mechanics, write for your paper. Summary of Meteorological Observations in Montana, Made at Deer Lodge City, M. T., by Grauville Stuart, during seven months of the year 1871. Latitude, 46° 26’; Longitude, 112° 40 ; Altitude, 4,768 feet. 0 Ele lepilele. 3 ESERVATIONS. B 5 Q 5/5 4 @ 6s/f8la Barometer. ba . Monthly Mean. .)25. 485 25.448 25.459 25, 496 25. 51225. 375125.366 ith, @d. 6th, 9 ] th. od. ! Ist. . 20th. 9th. Highest for m’thi 25.816 25.754 25.19925.800 25.858 25.831[25.831 id 2ith. Yth . 2th. 27th, 2ith.} Wth. Lowest... 25,250 25.218 25.984 25,178 25,250 24.718 /24, 859 Lhermometer, Monthly Me 63,8? 66.0° 62.69 56.22 41.09 26.1°] 16.02 : 14th, 15th. Vith 6 &26 3d.) Ist. [5 & Highest form’th, 96.0° 97.0° 102.09 87.0° 78.09 63.0° 49.0° fd Sth, 22d.) 24th. 1th, 26th . 26th. Lowest, . ao ee 36,0? 43.07 41.09 35.0° 9.09-25.0°}-34.0° ind, . Prev'Ing direc’n, W. N.W. N.W.N.W. N.WIW. EN. EL Rainfall & melt’d snow dur, m’th in inches. a Snowfall during ma’th in inches. 1.07) 1.20 “ 0.77 0.79 3.60) 1.51 sod 35.25 16.75 Barca te rednced to 32° Fah. Average for seven SS opr one egpbasoor os oGeLippranrgoopey< acateeatnn . Mean annual temperature at Deer Lodge for-five years 42°.5 Mean annual temperature of principal valleys of gs GAND. ee eeeee ese ceenneoestecncrenmeeteneanarsteesuneaas Following is the amount of suowfall in Deer Lodge : 20.25 inches in 1867-8. Greatest depth at any time. 16.75, » 1868-9, a ie . . @gin, . a i 29.33 s 1889-70. 2 Bf 2 45,73 a 1870-71. ia a i ni 7042 " 1871-72. (To Feh. 22)..+.ones a Average amount of ruin and melted snowin Mo for four years..--005 one ee capoaensnos Semen ej Greater portion of Deer Lodge: Valley bare of snow at + date (Feb. 22d). Stock doing well; but few head have died as yet, and spring seeme at hand. This has heen a severe winter in Montana. Considerable loss in Texas cattlo in some localities, as they were driveninlatein the fall and were thin in fleeh. They could not stand the enow and unusual cold, coming as they did from a warm climate. Native cattle generally have done well. We are sure of an ahundance of water this yoar. and the consequent yield of our placer mines will be very great. The mining season is expected to open ahont the Ist of April. GRANVILLE STUART. Deer Lodge City, M. T., Feb. 22, 1872. Meteorological Report, San Francisco, For week ending March 27tb, 1872. Date. HB. Th RH. D.W. VW. FW. SV. Mar. 21.30.22 50 © 93 Calm lear Mar. 22.00.00 49 93 Oalm Cloudy ar, 0.07 50 98 Calm Clear Mar, 50 86 Calni Cloudy Mar. 00 51 8&6 Ww. Light Oloudy Mar. 26.30.06 49 85 Oalm Mar. 27.29.98 52 ExPLANATIONs.—H. B., hight of barometer; Th., thormometer; R. H.,, relative humidity; D. W., direction wind; V. W., velocity of wind: F. W., force of wind; 5. W., etate of weather. SE Our Agents. Our Frrenps can do mucb in aid of our paper and the canse of practical knowledge and science, by assisting Agents in their labors of canvassing, by lending their influence and encouraging favors. Weintend to send none but worthy men. Wm. F. SpenceRn—California. W. H. Murpay—General Traveling Agent. C. H. DwineLue—Special Corresponding Agent. I, N. Hoac— Sacramento, General Agent. F. M. Seaw—San Diego. L. P. McCarry—California. A. 0. Knox, City Soliciting and Collecting Agent, Mechanics’ Institute.—Entrance 27 Post street, (bet. Kearny and Montgomery), San Francisco, The Library of Reference, the Library, Reading Room and Chess Room are open from 8 a.m. until 10 p.m. every day, (except Sundays and Legal Holidays). The Society possesses a Library of 18,000 yolumes— the most valuable technical and scientific library on the Coast, embracing the transactions of the leading Scien* tific Societies of the United States and Europe, (among which are the philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of Great Britain, complete), and the standard, scientific and technical works; and is in immediate receipt of all new standards publications. The Reading Room is supplied with the current periodicals and newspapers of the day, The Mechanics’ Institute is open to all, and the Trustees will be pleased to bave visitors and others in spect the Rooms, Entrance Fee, $1.00. Quarterly Dues (in advance) $1.50, Life Membership, $50. RICHARD H. BUEL, Consulting Mechanical Engineer, 7 Warren Street, New York. Advice and assistance given to those who desira to invest funds in meritorione and valuahle Patent Rights. Machinery of all kinds bought and sold. Unusual facilities for testing engines, boilers and other machinery. 1 refer particularly to Professor R. H. Thurston, of the Stevens lustitute of Technology, who has coneented to associate himself Sie ee consultation on matters of epecial importance, Y t $5 TO $20 PER Day aND NO Risk.—Do you want a situation as salesman at or near home to introduce our new 7.strand White Wire Clothes Lines, to last forever. Don’t miss this chance. Sample Free. Address Hudson River Wire Works, 76 William street, N. ¥., or 1 Dearborn street, Chicago, Ill. 23v1-12mbp Lapies DESIRING TO PRocuURE A Fimst-Ciass SEWING Machine against easy monthly installments may apply to No. 294 Bowery, 167 E. 26th, 477 9th Ave., New York Good work at high prices if desired. 21v1-12mbp Continentat Life. Insnrance Co., 302 Montgomery street, corner of Pine. MINING BUREAU —OFr THE— ' Pacific Coast. Sacramento City Office at Vice-Consulate of France. San Francisco Office, 331 Montgomery street_(Stevenson’s Building), Room 32, Third fioor. J. BERTON, President. E. P. Ruroprs, secretary. N. B.—Application for Registry, »r Examination and Report on Mining Property, may be made to the Seeretary, San Francisco office. } cal Movements; a digest of PATENT ow SAN FRANCIS’, 2 a FIRST Class Boe L ; iy fy alllome Jou! : It is one of the Largest, hest Illnstrated and most Original and Enterprising Agricultural Journale in America, ie WS p a> UBL is hER® has no nval on the we-tern side of tite Continent. Its circulation is Rapidly Incroasing, and it is Very Popular with its Patrone. A NEW HUSGANDRY, as it were, is reqnired on the Pacific Coast, on account of its pegpuar eeacons, soil, climate and topography. The new scoveries, idens, and useful hiate evolved in its rapid progress, are to be observed with interest, and read, as reported in the Paorrio RURAL, with profit by practical and progre*sive agriculturists everywhere, Sample copice of the Press, post paid, 10 cte. Subsoription, $42 year. DEWEY & CoO., Publishers, No. 338 Montgomery St., San Francisco, Cal. Nov., 1871 H . NTS FOR We will sond on receipt of stamp for postage, FREE, our 52-page Circular, containing 112 Illustrated MechaniINVENTORS. LAWS; information how to ohtain patents, and about the Fights and privileges of inventors and patentees; list of Goverment fees, practical hints, etc.,eto. Address DEWEY &CO., Publishers and Patent Agents, San Francisco, ACTIVE MEN! With Experience in Canwvassing business, can now obtain lncrative and permanent employment by DEWEY & CO., Patent Agents and Publtishers of the SCIENTIFIC PRESS and the PACIFIO RURAL PRESS, No. 414 Clay street, S. F. A MICROSCOPE FOR $3 That Magnifies 10,000 Times! We have a emall nnmher of the Oraig Microscope, which we will send, poet paid, for $3. We also offer it, poet paid, asa Premium for Subscribers TO THE PRESS. As follows: For three New yearly eubscribers at $4 each; fora cluh of ten yearly suhscrihers at $3 “muses each; fora club of fifteen yearly subscribors at $3 each, with a free copy to tho getter up of the cluh. The Craig M: reveale th de of hidden wonders, eels in vinegar, animals in water, cheese mitee, sugar insects, adulteratione in food and druge, the much taiked of pork worm, ete, . ombines cndless instruction with nmusement. bp Miners Using Powder Containing Nitroglycerine, giving off deleterious odors, should read tbe description, in the Sormwrrric Press, August 6, 1871, of the patented process for instantly dispelling the noxioue gases; and for further information address Dr. A. Blatchley, patentee, at ScrenirFio Press Office, 8. F. Byatt PAINTING. FLOUSE AND SIGN. XG Walls Whitened or Tinted. EH. H. GADSBY, 7v8-eombp 685 Market street, San Francisco, HILL’S PATENT EUREKA GANG PLOW, The undersigned, Manufacturers of ‘HILL'S PATENT EUREKA GANG PLOWS,” take thie method of ealling the attention of Agriculturists throughout the Pacific States and Territories to the merits of the above named Plows, and offer the following reasons why they are entitled to preference over any other Plow in use. They are made of the best material, and every Plow warranted. They are of light draught, enslly adapted to any depth, and are very easily handled. They will plow any kind of soil, and leave the ground in perfect order. FIRST PREMIUMS! These Plows took the First Preminm at the State Fair in Sacramento, in 1870; at the Northern District Fair in Marysville, 1870 and 1871; and at the Upper Sacramento Valley Fair, Chico, 1870 and 1871. At the Mechanics’ Fair, held in San Francisco in 1871, a Silver Medal was awarded these Plows; and the State Agricultural Society, at the last Fair, offered a premium of $40 for the best Gang Plow. The committee was composed of practical farmers from the agricultural counties, who, atter a fair test and thorongh competition with the leading plowe of the State, awarded the premium to the Eureka Gang Plow. From this it will be seen that these celebrated plows still maintain their reputation over all competitors. Patented Sept. 7, 1869. Champion Deep-Tilling Stubble Plow, which took the First Premium over all competitore at the State Fair, 1871. It turns a furrow 14 inches deep and 24 inches wide. [ This Gang Plow combines durability with cheapness, being made entirely of iron by experienced workmen, of the best material. Over three hundred are now in née, and all have given entire satisfaction, , Manufactured and for sale at the corner of Third street and Virgin Alley, Marysvillc, by HILL & ENAUGH, And also by most leading Agrioultural Dealers in the State. All others are inyited to apply at once for Circulare, prices, ete, i 16v23-tt

204 SCIENTIFIC PRESS. [March 30, 1872. Alkali Soils. Many of our mountain readers will be interested in the following discussion which recently took place at the Sacramento Farmers’ Club, on the reclamation and value of alkali soil: J. RK. Johnson said—I think it evident that drainage alone cannot always be made effectual in the reclamation of alkali soile; at least other expedients may be resorted fo in connection with drainage with good results. Stable manure, well mixed with the soil, and turning the soil up with the plow and allowing it to remain loose, exposed to the action of the sun and atmosphere will help much. Alkali soils generally are very rich with the elements of production, but these elements are so mixed with other ingredients that plants cannot separate and use them. Anything that will neutralize or counteract these vicious ingredients will reclaim the soil and render it valuable. Manures of various kinds are found to do this, particularly coarse manures, as straw. The great difficulty with alkal soils is that they pack too close together, so as to exclude the air,and heat. Mixing with coarse manures opens the pores, so to speak, and enables the soil to breathe, and thus change its nature. Hoyt—I think the base of alkali soils is salt; and anything that will extract the salt will reclaim the land and makeit productive. Iagree with Johnson, that the alkali soils have a superabundance of elements of production, but not in proper proportion; restore the proportion and these lands are very valuable. Indeed, much of our alkali soil would make good manaure for a large portion of the light eoils of the Atlantic States. Aiken—I repeat, the great and effective agent at our command at the least expense for the reclamation of alkali soils ié6 drainage, Carry off the surplue water, and with it you will carry off the surplus alkali and render the soil porous and lively and productive. New Incorporations. Aups Watsr Co.—March 21. Location : Alameda Co. Capital stock, $60,000, in 600 “shares. Trustees—W. V. Thompson, Edward J. Pringle and T. A. Mudge. Srar ConsonrpaTeD M. Co.—March 21. Loeation: Eureka District, Lander Co., Nev. Capital stock, $5,000,000, in 50,000 shares. Trustees—G. T. Lanton, O, F. Giffin, J. H. H. Williams, L. A. Adams and Robert Sherwood, Lapy Emma M. Co.—March 21. Location: Agra District, El Dorado Co. Capital stock, $1,200,000, in 24,000 shares. Trustees—J. 58. Jameson, A. D. Carpenter and W. B. Terwilliger. Pennsynvanta M. anp M. Co.—March 25: Loeation: Schell Creek Mining District, White Pine county, Nev. Capital stock, $1,000,000, in 10,000 shares. Trustees—James M. Livingston, Joseph Woodworth and Thomas J. Patten. Sant Laze M. Co.—March 26. Location: Utah Territory. Capital stock, $3,000,000, in 30,000 shares. Trustees—M. D. Townsend, W. J, Jones, R. S. Eells, T. P. Kimball and James A. Allen. Sitver Prax M. Co., amended certificate. March 27. Location: Ely District. Capital stock, $3,000,000, in 30,000 shares. Trustees —J. D. Fry, John M. Martin, Wm. Cline, Wm. H. Sears and Ina G. Hoitt. . Bermont M. Co.—Mareh 27. Location : Philadelphia M. District, Nye county, Nevada. Capital stock, $5,000,000, in 50,000 shares. Trustees—Marion J. McDonald, F. F. Coffin, Victor Fornbach, Frank Swift and Mark L. McDonald. New Yorr Con. S. M. Co.—March 27: Location: Gold Hill M. District, Story county, Ney. Capital stock, $3,600,000, in 36,000 shares. Trustees—J. D. Fry, L. L. Robiuson, F. R. A. Pioche, Robert Sherwood and A. K. P. Harmon. 3 CorFEE GROWING IN CALIFORNIA.—A correspondent who has had experience in the cultivation of coffee in Java, at an elevation of 4,000 feet above the sea, where the banana would not bear fruit, and the sugar cane would not grow, and where the climate is colder than on our southern coast, writes to us that he is confident a coffee plantation of 300 acres, well managed, would pay wellin California. He would send tothe mountains of Java for the plants, ata cost of $2,000, set out 4,200 on an acre, in timber land, so that the trees would shade the young plauts, cultivate them three years at an expense of $35,000, and in the third year harvest a full crop of 5,000 pounds per acre, worth for the entire plantation, $300,000 or $400,000. He says that in Java, where the . Government, which owns most of the coffee plantations, has allowed private individuals to . gointo the business, they have made extra. ordinary profits. The subject deserves attention, though our correspondent may be too sanguine. The prudent course would be to cultivate 1 few plants, and find out how they rosper. We believe there are some in the tate now.-—Alta. Tur foothills of the Sierras in Placer, El Dorado, and Amador counties, are green with thousands of acres of the best looking wheat in the State, whilst a great dealin the lower valleys is too rank for the season and will require to be pastured or mown off, Smelting in Pittsburgh. Among the industrial enterprises of Pittshurgh, the smelting of silver ores promieee to be an important occupation. A fnrnace bas already been erected and is now running successfully, and in all probability it will serve asthe nucleus of one or more extensive smelting works, where ores of the precious metals may be cheaply reduced. Large quantities of ores from Utah and other weetern Territories are forwarded in sacks by the Union Pacific railroad and ite connections to New York, whence it is shipped to Swansea, in Wales, passing directly through Pittsburgh on its way. The expeuses of transportatiou over this long route are very heavy, while the cost of smelting in Utah, owing to various causes, is muoh greater than it would be inacity so favorably situated as Pittsburgh, where fuel of the best quality exists in abundance. The experiments hitherto made prove that the silver ores from the Flagstaff, Croesus, and other characterietie minee may be smelted at a cost not exceeding five dollars per ton, while the transportation charges are much less than would he the expense of smelting at the mines. As these experimente are heing conducted by experienced persons, and have already progressed favorahly, they may lead to the establishment of permanent works, and tend to keep the profits of emelting ores at home, instead of sending them to foreign metallurgists,—Am. Hngineer and Review. Co-oPERATIVE HovsrKnePina. — Selfmade men revert with pardonable pride to the difficulties which they overcome in early years. One supported his mother and sisters aud self, and paid the expenses of acollege education, by hard manual labor, Another made bis original mark in some New England district school, living frugally and studying hard. In fact, the devices resorted to a few years ago, by poor but ambitious young meu, who poseesed plnck and independence, are a legion innumber. No one feele disposed to dispute these facts, but when it is hinted that the material for self-made men is exhausted, and thatthe boyeof to-day never feel the Promethean fire burning in their bosoms, then it becomes necessary to advance some argument to the contrary, There are ten young men from Healdeburg attending the State University. Some of theee etudents could not afford to go through the College course, if they had to board ata hotel or ina private family. In view of this circumstance, the ten young men have formed a club and board themselves, having a Chinese cook. The expense ie thus reduced to fifteen dollare per month, and this includee board and washing. Thue, the tuition being free, the stndents can beoome thoroughly educated ata trifling cost, and it is evident that the young Californians appreciate this fact, and are determined to enjoy the generosity of this State, Cox. Buacx’s Portrazt, as recently published in the Press is alluded to by the New Worth Wesi,,of Deer Creek, M. T., as follows: Now we are not acquainted with Col. Black—have never seen him, to our Enowledge—but the illustration (although, of course, not a fine steel engraving), is certainly well executed, and up to the average of common wood engraving; and as for looks, if the Colonel is any better looking than that, he must without a doubt be the handsomest man in the Territory. The picture is decidedly good looking (as any one can see by examining it), even as it now is, and it is very likely it falls short of the original in fine personal appearance; but we have not seen a handsomer face (amoug men) in Montana than this same picture indicates. The editor of the Gazetle must be alittle jealous; certainly nothing else could ever induce him to attempt the demoltion of so fine a likeness. Tue discovery of glass making was effected by seeing the sand vitrified upon which a fire had been kindled. Blancourt says thatthe making of plate glass was suggested by the fact of a workman happening to break a crueihle filled with melted glass. Thefl uid ran under one of the large flag-stones with which the floor was paved. On raising the stone to recover the glase, it was found in the form of a plate, snch as could not be produced by the ordinary process of blowiug. Tux drainage of wet lands adds to their value by making them produce more and better crops, by producing them earlier, thus giving more time to mature. Mrvyers, mechanics, write for your paper. Summary of Meteorological Observations in Montana, Made at Deer Lodge City, M. T., by Grauville Stuart, during seven months of the year 1871. Latitude, 46° 26’; Longitude, 112° 40 ; Altitude, 4,768 feet. 0 Ele lepilele. 3 ESERVATIONS. B 5 Q 5/5 4 @ 6s/f8la Barometer. ba . Monthly Mean. .)25. 485 25.448 25.459 25, 496 25. 51225. 375125.366 ith, @d. 6th, 9 ] th. od. ! Ist. . 20th. 9th. Highest for m’thi 25.816 25.754 25.19925.800 25.858 25.831[25.831 id 2ith. Yth . 2th. 27th, 2ith.} Wth. Lowest..... 25,250 25.218 25.984 25,178 25,250 24.718 /24, 859 Lhermometer, Monthly Me 63,8? 66.0° 62.69 56.22 41.09 26.1°] 16.02 : 14th, 15th. Vith 6 &26 3d.) Ist. [5 & Highest form’th, 96.0° 97.0° 102.09 87.0° 78.09 63.0° 49.0° fd Sth, 22d.) 24th. 1th, 26th . 26th. Lowest, .. ao ee 36,0? 43.07 41.09 35.0° 9.09-25.0°}-34.0° ind, . Prev'Ing direc’n, W. N.W. N.W.N.W. N.WIW. EN. EL Rainfall & melt’d

snow dur, m’th in inches. a Snowfall during ma’th in inches. 1.07) 1.20 “ 0.77 0.79 3.60) 1.51 sod 35.25 16.75 Barca te rednced to 32° Fah. Average for seven SS opr one egpbasoor os oGeLippranrgoopey< acateeatnn . Mean annual temperature at Deer Lodge for-five years 42°.5 Mean annual temperature of principal valleys of gs GAND. ee eeeee ese ceenneoestecncrenmeeteneanarsteesuneaas Following is the amount of suowfall in Deer Lodge : 20.25 inches in 1867-8. Greatest depth at any time. 16.75, » 1868-9, a ie . . @gin, . a i 29.33 s 1889-70. 2 Bf 2 45,73 a 1870-71. ia a i ni 7042 " 1871-72. (To Feh. 22)...+.ones a Average amount of ruin and melted snowin Mo for four years...--005 one ee capoaensnos Semen ej Greater portion of Deer Lodge: Valley bare of snow at + date (Feb. 22d). Stock doing well; but few head have died as yet, and spring seeme at hand. This has heen a severe winter in Montana. Considerable loss in Texas cattlo in some localities, as they were driveninlatein the fall and were thin in fleeh. They could not stand the enow and unusual cold, coming as they did from a warm climate. Native cattle generally have done well. We are sure of an ahundance of water this yoar. and the consequent yield of our placer mines will be very great. The mining season is expected to open ahont the Ist of April. GRANVILLE STUART. Deer Lodge City, M. T., Feb. 22, 1872. Meteorological Report, San Francisco, For week ending March 27tb, 1872. Date. HB. Th RH. D.W. VW. FW. SV. Mar. 21.30.22 50 © 93 Calm lear Mar. 22.00.00 49 93 Oalm Cloudy ar, 0.07 50 98 Calm Clear Mar, 50 86 Calni Cloudy Mar. 00 51 8&6 Ww. Light Oloudy Mar. 26.30.06 49 85 Oalm Mar. 27.29.98 52 ExPLANATIONs.—H. B., hight of barometer; Th., thormometer; R. H.,, relative humidity; D. W., direction wind; V. W., velocity of wind: F. W., force of wind; 5. W., etate of weather. SE Our Agents. Our Frrenps can do mucb in aid of our paper and the canse of practical knowledge and science, by assisting Agents in their labors of canvassing, by lending their influence and encouraging favors. Weintend to send none but worthy men. Wm. F. SpenceRn—California. W. H. Murpay—General Traveling Agent. C. H. DwineLue—Special Corresponding Agent. I, N. Hoac— Sacramento, General Agent. F. M. Seaw—San Diego. L. P. McCarry—California. A. 0. Knox, City Soliciting and Collecting Agent, Mechanics’ Institute.—Entrance 27 Post street, (bet. Kearny and Montgomery), San Francisco, The Library of Reference, the Library, Reading Room and Chess Room are open from 8 a.m. until 10 p.m. every day, (except Sundays and Legal Holidays). The Society possesses a Library of 18,000 yolumes— the most valuable technical and scientific library on the Coast, embracing the transactions of the leading Scien* tific Societies of the United States and Europe, (among which are the philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of Great Britain, complete), and the standard, scientific and technical works; and is in immediate receipt of all new standards publications. The Reading Room is supplied with the current periodicals and newspapers of the day, The Mechanics’ Institute is open to all, and the Trustees will be pleased to bave visitors and others in spect the Rooms, Entrance Fee, $1.00. Quarterly Dues (in advance) $1.50, Life Membership, $50. RICHARD H. BUEL, Consulting Mechanical Engineer, 7 Warren Street, New York. Advice and assistance given to those who desira to invest funds in meritorione and valuahle Patent Rights. Machinery of all kinds bought and sold. Unusual facilities for testing engines, boilers and other machinery. 1 refer particularly to Professor R. H. Thurston, of the Stevens lustitute of Technology, who has coneented to associate himself Sie ee consultation on matters of epecial importance, Y t $5 TO $20 PER Day aND NO Risk.—Do you want a situation as salesman at or near home to introduce our new 7.strand White Wire Clothes Lines, to last forever. Don’t miss this chance. Sample Free. Address Hudson River Wire Works, 76 William street, N. ¥., or 1 Dearborn street, Chicago, Ill. 23v1-12mbp Lapies DESIRING TO PRocuURE A Fimst-Ciass SEWING Machine against easy monthly installments may apply to No. 294 Bowery, 167 E. 26th, 477 9th Ave., New York Good work at high prices if desired. 21v1-12mbp Continentat Life. Insnrance Co., 302 Montgomery street, corner of Pine. MINING BUREAU —OFr THE— ' Pacific Coast. Sacramento City Office at Vice-Consulate of France. San Francisco Office, 331 Montgomery street_(Stevenson’s Building), Room 32, Third fioor. J. BERTON, President. E. P. Ruroprs, secretary. N. B.—Application for Registry, »r Examination and Report on Mining Property, may be made to the Seeretary, San Francisco office. } cal Movements; a digest of PATENT ow SAN FRANCIS’, 2 a FIRST Class Boe L ; iy fy alllome Jou! : It is one of the Largest, hest Illnstrated and most Original and Enterprising Agricultural Journale in America, ie WS p a> UBL is hER® has no nval on the we-tern side of tite Continent. Its circulation is Rapidly Incroasing, and it is Very Popular with its Patrone. A NEW HUSGANDRY, as it were, is reqnired on the Pacific Coast, on account of its pegpuar eeacons, soil, climate and topography. The new scoveries, idens, and useful hiate evolved in its rapid progress, are to be observed with interest, and read, as reported in the Paorrio RURAL, with profit by practical and progre*sive agriculturists everywhere, Sample copice of the Press, post paid, 10 cte. Subsoription, $42 year. DEWEY & CoO., Publishers, No. 338 Montgomery St., San Francisco, Cal. Nov., 1871 H . NTS FOR We will sond on receipt of stamp for postage, FREE, our 52-page Circular, containing 112 Illustrated MechaniINVENTORS. LAWS; information how to ohtain patents, and about the Fights and privileges of inventors and patentees; list of Goverment fees, practical hints, etc.,eto. Address DEWEY &CO., Publishers and Patent Agents, San Francisco, ACTIVE MEN! With Experience in Canwvassing business, can now obtain lncrative and permanent employment by DEWEY & CO., Patent Agents and Publtishers of the SCIENTIFIC PRESS and the PACIFIO RURAL PRESS, No. 414 Clay street, S. F. A MICROSCOPE FOR $3 That Magnifies 10,000 Times! We have a emall nnmher of the Oraig Microscope, which we will send, poet paid, for $3. We also offer it, poet paid, asa Premium for Subscribers TO THE PRESS. As follows: For three New yearly eubscribers at $4 each; fora cluh of ten yearly suhscrihers at $3 “muses each; fora club of fifteen yearly subscribors at $3 each, with a free copy to tho getter up of the cluh. The Craig M: reveale th de of hidden wonders, eels in vinegar, animals in water, cheese mitee, sugar insects, adulteratione in food and druge, the much taiked of pork worm, ete, . ombines cndless instruction with nmusement. bp Miners Using Powder Containing Nitroglycerine, giving off deleterious odors, should read tbe description, in the Sormwrrric Press, August 6, 1871, of the patented process for instantly dispelling the noxioue gases; and for further information address Dr. A. Blatchley, patentee, at ScrenirFio Press Office, 8. F. Byatt PAINTING. FLOUSE AND SIGN. XG Walls Whitened or Tinted. EH. H. GADSBY, 7v8-eombp 685 Market street, San Francisco, HILL’S PATENT EUREKA GANG PLOW, The undersigned, Manufacturers of ‘HILL'S PATENT EUREKA GANG PLOWS,” take thie method of ealling the attention of Agriculturists throughout the Pacific States and Territories to the merits of the above named Plows, and offer the following reasons why they are entitled to preference over any other Plow in use. They are made of the best material, and every Plow warranted. They are of light draught, enslly adapted to any depth, and are very easily handled. They will plow any kind of soil, and leave the ground in perfect order. FIRST PREMIUMS! These Plows took the First Preminm at the State Fair in Sacramento, in 1870; at the Northern District Fair in Marysville, 1870 and 1871; and at the Upper Sacramento Valley Fair, Chico, 1870 and 1871. At the Mechanics’ Fair, held in San Francisco in 1871, a Silver Medal was awarded these Plows; and the State Agricultural Society, at the last Fair, offered a premium of $40 for the best Gang Plow. The committee was composed of practical farmers from the agricultural counties, who, atter a fair test and thorongh competition with the leading plowe of the State, awarded the premium to the Eureka Gang Plow. From this it will be seen that these celebrated plows still maintain their reputation over all competitors. Patented Sept. 7, 1869. Champion Deep-Tilling Stubble Plow, which took the First Premium over all competitore at the State Fair, 1871. It turns a furrow 14 inches deep and 24 inches wide. [ This Gang Plow combines durability with cheapness, being made entirely of iron by experienced workmen, of the best material. Over three hundred are now in née, and all have given entire satisfaction, , Manufactured and for sale at the corner of Third street and Virgin Alley, Marysvillc, by HILL & ENAUGH, And also by most leading Agrioultural Dealers in the State. All others are inyited to apply at once for Circulare, prices, ete, i 16v23-tt