Volume 24 (1872) (424 pages)

SCIENTIFIC PRESS} {May 25, 1872. DEWEY & CO., Publishers. GEO. H. STRONG, A. T. DEWEY, INO. L, BOONE. Ww. B. EWER, Office, No. 338 Montgomery. St., S. E. Corner of California St., diagonally across from Wells, Fargo & Co.’s. SUBSCRIPTION AND ADVERTISING RATES. ADVERTISING RaTES.—1 week. a S months. 1 year. Per line 6, he is $2.00 $5.00 One-hslf inch. «$1.00 $3.00 7.50 20.00 One inch a+ 2.00 5.00 14.00 38.00 Large advertisements at favorable rates, Specisl or reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appesring in extraordinary type or in particular psrts of the psper, inserted at special rates. Sunscrrerions psyable in advance—For one year, $4: six months, $2.50; three months, $126. Clubs of ten names or more, $3 each per snunm,. $5, in advance. will pay for 1% year. Remittances hy registered letters or P. O. orders at our risk. English and Colonial suhsoriptione, post paid, per year, ' ths, 12s, i line, first in‘Large adveret . Adverti 8. per eertion, Is.; euhsequent insertions, each, $d. tisements at special ratee, InLusTRaTiIoNs ANN Reports OF MINING ENTERPRISES WanTEn.—Drawings or PRoigerap ns of mining works that are of general intereet to our readers are solicited for publication in this journal. Official reports of Companiee, and description of mines of importance, or or epecial interest, are aleo desired. Sketches of any new method and discoveries will he very acceptable. San Francisco: Saturday Morning, May 25, 1872. Gold and Legal Tender Rates. Sax Francisco, Wednesdsy, May 22, 1872.—Lega] Tenders huying, $9; selling, 90. Gold in New York to-day, 114. Table of Contents. ILLUSTRATIONS—Whelpley & Storer’s Pulverizing Mill,321. Brown's Paten Fire Hydrant, 329. EDITORIALS—The Ssn Francisco Microscopic Society. 821. iron snd Steel, 326. Mining as sn Invest. ment; Congressionsl Affairs; Utah News,328. The Frear Artifi ialStone, 329. CORRESPONDENCE—Ophir District, Utah; Gold vs. Silver Mining; Mines at Ald*r Gulch, Montans; From Our Correspondent L. P. Mc.,323, MINING SUMMARY—Reports from mines in vsrious States, Counties and Districts: Stock Reports; Lesther and Metal Markets; Mining Shareholders’ Directory, 324-5. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.—Relations of Calorific Pow er of Combustibles to Composition; Curhonized_ Sewage; Transmitted Radisnt Heat: Preservation of Wood: Peruvian Antiquities. etc., 323. MECHANICAL PROGRESS.—Economy of the Hol Blast; Puddling Steel Rails; Railrosd Improvement. Burnt iron snd Steel; The Turbine Propeller; Pressure in Steam Boilers, 823. USEFUL INFORMATION.—Ventilation—A Field for Invention; Fow to Make a Chean Cellar Bottom; An Ancient «-f the Earth; Light, Heat and Electricit. from Motion: Origin of Lager Beer: Plumsgery. 39°7 GOOD HEALTH.—The Canse of Hunger; Educatior and Health; Sleeplessness and the Remedy; Dsrk Rooms—Sunehine; How to Cure Stammering; Warm Bath in Insanity and in Burns; Decay of the Teeth: Sunthine and Sleep; Embalming, 327. POMESTIC ECONOMY.—Mushroom Catsup: Rules for Washing Dishes, Helpful Hints for the Household: Wood Fires: Porcelain Wash Tubs; Something New in the Kitchen. 331. MISCELLANEOUS—Pacific Coast Products snd Their Future Market, 326. New Incorporations; Meetings snd Elections; Mining Acvidents; Pstents snd Inventions, 332. TE Brimse Cotums1a Irems.—On Williams Creek the Cariboo Company are at work, and the Ballarat and Forest Rose companies are idle, hut will resume work shortly On Harvey Creek all the companies are preparing for summer work. News from the new Omineca is meagre, but itis expected that the camp will he very lively this summer and $7 per day is expected to be paid for labor. Some of the claims are makiug expenses, but with the exception of a strike madea few miles ahove Germansen, which paid two ounces to the hand, and only two feet to bed rock, nothing big has been struck. Provisions are high. Nevapa Borax.—The borax fields of Neyada are at length attracting attention abroad, and parties in Kurope have recent ly been making inquiries in regard to them. Itis stated that there xre at least 3,000 acres in Hsmeralda county, the deposits on which vary from half an inch to three feet in thickness, Rar~Roap Parry.—The train containing the Directors of the Pennsylvania Central Railroad arrived here on the 17th instant. The excursion is under the direction of J. Couthony, of the Pullman Palace Car Company. The excursion is one of pleasure only, and the party will visit Yosemite Valley, the Big Trees, and other points of interest in the State before their return. THe members of the American Society for the advancement of Science are expected to arrive in this city about the first of August. Mining as an Investment. It is unfortunate for the mining interests of the . Pacific Coast that the difference hetween mining with the pick, gad and shovel, and miuing with certificates of stock is not more generally recognized. The fascination of gaining sudden wealth in “stocks”? is very great, especially to those of small means who feil to see why they have not an eqnal chance with the capitalist in proportion to their investment. Those who are familiar with the ways and means of mining capitalists, ‘‘rings’’ and brokers could tell them why; but a deaf ear is turned to all advice and remonstrance. A good many think they have “yeliable information,’? supposed to be known to the favored few, but they show their stupidity hy not being aware that this ‘treliahle information *’ dodge is one of the most powerful tools used by ‘‘ mining sharps” to rid themselves of stock about to fall. The temptation of large returns for small investments is alluring although the man of business recognizes the fact that high interest and bad security go hand in hand. The dangers incident to stock speculation should be seriously considered by small operators, for it is a business in which advantages of any kind may he teken by dealers, since it has become by popular consent and custom to be looked upon not only as honorable, but, since in our day success is the criterion of merit, the capitalist who has notoriously amassed his wealth hy sharp practice and at the expense of hundreds of others, is regarded, like Merdle in “Tittle Dorrit,’? no matter what his social characteristics may be, as one who has shown marked ability, and whose acquaintance should be cultivated. This speculative mania has wrought a pernicious influence in the community, while the minesthat have been its objective point have neither been injured or improved by the reputation which the value of their stocks have given them.; The Business of Mining Legitimately conducted, is one peculisrly suited tothe people of this coast since it promises large returns and embraces so wide a field. If we can only succeed in awakening a deeper interest in it as a business among our capitalists, it will not only realize extensive retumms to them but afford employment and profit to the industrious laboring classes. By this we mean mining—quite apart from any speculstive operations in stock, for while we desire to encourage legitimate mining enterprises, mere speculation should be discouraged. The question will be asked by some who have been victimized in large companies, why are there so inany failures, and why are so small a proportion of the mines called at the Stock Board dividend-paying ? Ifthe men who ask these questions were interested enough to take a trip through a few districts where hard-working miners are developing their own claims, and then return to San Francisco and get a few points concerning the management of large companies, the conclusion they would he compelled to draw would answer the questions satisfactorily. Moreover, the proportion of amount of dividends and assessments should he taken into consideration before any rash assertions are made, This month, for instance, 11 assessmaents so far have been made, and only five dividends have heen paid by mining companies called at our Stock Boards. The five dividends amount in the aggregate to $1,067,000, and the eleven assessments amount in the aggregate to $351,750, leaving a clear gain in favor of stockholders of $715,250. When the two sides are represented in figures, which are matters of fact, even now when mining is seemingly in disgrace because stocks are low, the account balances very favorably. The great mistake has been that quartz mining has been considered as an exception to general husiness rules, but hard experience has proven that it has its definite business restrictions like everything else, which cannot be disregarded without failure. The extravagance that has prevailed has chiefly originated in the inflated notions which have existed respecting the richness and inexhaustible quantity of ores attainable, which it is always presumed will inerease in both quautity and quality with depth. ‘This delusion is not yet fully dissipated. Existing local circumstances, geological formation, width, ore supply, ete., must he taken into consideration before such conclusions are adopted. Superficial bonanzas which do not ‘‘go down” are frequently mistaken for veins of illimitahle depth, mills and hoisting works erected, and expenditures made heyond all reasonable hounds—and failure the result. It willnot doto huy everything and anything which the owners calla ledge, or hy supposing it rich enough to invest $40,000 or $50,000 in machinery, etc., hefore it is known whether there is any ledge or not. Such a course ignores common sense and prudence, and exerts a disastrous influence on all legitimate mining operations. Some of the Mistakes in Mining. It has been the object in past days to get the greatest possible amount of money in the shortest possible time, and the consequence of this mismanaged proceeding has been seriously felt. Millions of wealth have been made inaccessible by this thoughtless work and reckless thirst for gain. We have had, unfortunately, altogether too much amateur mining. People have gone into it blindfold and come out with their eyes very forcibly opened. In many places where the mines were unquestionably rich, and which in England, or eny other country, where they are worked with care and systematic economy, would heve paid handsome dividends, this smateur mining has made the companies bankrupt. Many instances are known where expensive mills have been erected in a good agricultural and grazing country, fitter for the plow than the pick, 15 or 20 miles from timber or a good supply of water, and further off stlll from auy mine that by any geological or metallurgical possibility could be made to pay. There is no business iu which men exercise so little judgmeut or foresight as they do in buying mining property, and in which the simplest rules are so eompletely ignored. If the business were entered into with the same precautions that are generally shewn by those who engage in commercial and mechanical pursuits, it would present less hazard, and he attended with less failure than any other. The history of mining camps is continually repeating itself without the examples being heeded. Surface ore comes cheaply and gives speedy returns, hut with the increase of depth the difiiculty and expense of mining increases and the quality of ore often changes requiring more capital and more extensive machinery. In large companies, when the value of ore depreciates, the supply is kept up by extracting an amount that ought to take years instead of months to get out, the mine is ruined by had timbering and bad hasty work. More ore is taken outthan the milling facilities require, which in our large mines, well supplied with mills, is seldom judicious. Mills are always considered an immediateand ahsolute necessity without the prohable permanency of the lead being inquired into. Heavy and expensive machinery is frequently shipped great distances before 10 tons of mineral-bearing rock are in sight. The estimates are invariably too small and assessment after assessment is levied before the mill can be finished; and, if more hy luck than management, the company pay 2 dividend, itis but the precursor of more assessments. No money is spent in actual development of the mine but is rather consumed in unnecessary expenses. It is better to first hegin to develop a lead before talking ahout working the rock from the first honanza struck, for the ore is just as safe on the dumps or in the mine until enough is in sight to at least pay fora mill. Still stockholders invest, generally, with the expectation thatthe mine immediately declare dividends, andif amillis not erected very shortly and money forthcoming, they draw out. They begin backward, get the mill first and the mine afterward; instead of developing the claim, they only partially prospect it and then put up amill. The mines should he properly opened, not gouged out, and a judicious superintendent will only extract as much rock as is necessary to carry it on, Many mines are upheld and salaries paid not by the proceeds of the mines but by direct calls on the stockholders in the shape of assessments. The vicious constitutions of many of our companies are not always, however, to be attributed to design, but from undue haste and a want of knowledge, while defects have led to irregularities. Perhaps fraud would be a more fitting termin some instances where dividends have heen declared on borrowed money and an assessment levied immediately after to pay theloan. Such things are monstrous business eahsurdities. {Stockholders have shown little or no discretion as to who should manage, and the consequences have fallen not only on them, but, if the same capitel had heen properly expended it would foster and establish mining as a staple industry instead of what some suppose ita rock to be avoided. It is of little use to point out instances asheacons to guide the unwary, for while stockholders show the epathy in the management of their mines that they do, it is difficult to protect them from the snares of designing men. Itis a business which demands superior skill, judgment, education, and experience to insure profitable development, even with rich lodes. Mining engineers of sufficient attainments can generally tell whether the ground is ore hearing and can prepare sufliciently accurate estimates of cost, expenditure, etc., to warraut owners to go on or sbandou the work. {Concluded next week.] ConeressionaL AFrarrs.—A bill was introduced in Congress by Mr. Sargent, immediately after the passage of the Mining Bill, given in our last issue, which provides that land shall not he excluded from entry under the homestead or preemption laws, unless it is shown that bona jide mining claims exist upon it. This is Thisisintended to overcome the difficulties experienced since the Department of the Interior issued the ‘‘numerical land order” last year. A bill has been introduced by Senator Casserly granting right of way and ten sections of land to a company to aid them in constructing a ditch from the Mountain Lakes of El] Dorado County to a point in Sacramento County. Said ditch to carry 5,000 inches of water. The Senate Committee on Mines and Mining have reported an amended bill to incorporate the Utah Railroad, Mining and Land Company. The Company proposes to incorporate with a capital of $5,000,000, ond aright to increase it five-fold, to develop the resources of Utah by the erection of works, construction of railroads, working of mines, ete., in different counties, so 23 to connect the mineral districts with the adjoining railroad. A number of English capitalists are to he interested. Utan News.—A dispatch from Salt Lake City states that a great body of ore, running to thousands of dollars per ton, has been struck in the 400-ft level of the Emma mine, Nearly $200,000 in silver bullion were receivedin Salt Lake City last week, and .another car-load from Butterfield Catton has arrived, weighing ten tons, and valued at $8,000. An effort is heing made to obtain a futher reduction in freight on ores for the East. Numbers of strangers are in the city, and the stages to the mining camps are all crowded with passengers. <A dispatch of the 21st states that Judge Strickland delivered 2 decision on that dayiu the Flagstaff mining suit refusing the injunction. It is understood that the plaintiff will file a new hill, praying for a restraining order, and also institute proceedings to set aside the patent. The struggle for this valuable property is creating considerable excitementin mining circles. There has heen another heavy snow slide at Little Cottonwood, in which several miners were buried, but were rescued uninjured, except one, who had his leg broken. A dispatch dated Salt Lake, 20th inst., states that on that day mining property in Tintic and Camp Floyd Districts to the amount of $500,000 was disposed of. A number of Pittsburgh capitalists are in Salt Lake City negotiating for mines. Lazor Srrrmzu.—The great lahor strike in New York last week for the eight-hour system was participated in by a large number of persons of many different trades. The proceedings of the meetings are said to have been conducted in an orderly mauner and no trouble occurred. Thestrike seems to have been entirely successful, employers having con~ ceded to the terms imposed, hut whether it will be lasting or only temporary remains to be seen.

SCIENTIFIC PRESS} {May 25, 1872. DEWEY & CO., Publishers. GEO. H. STRONG, A. T. DEWEY, INO. L, BOONE. Ww. B. EWER, Office, No. 338 Montgomery. St., S. E. Corner of California St., diagonally across from Wells, Fargo & Co.’s. SUBSCRIPTION AND ADVERTISING RATES. ADVERTISING RaTES.—1 week. a S months. 1 year. Per line 6, he is $2.00 $5.00 One-hslf inch. «$1.00 $3.00 7.50 20.00 One inch a+ 2.00 5.00 14.00 38.00 Large advertisements at favorable rates, Specisl or reading notices, legal advertisements, notices appesring in extraordinary type or in particular psrts of the psper, inserted at special rates. Sunscrrerions psyable in advance—For one year, $4: six months, $2.50; three months, $126. Clubs of ten names or more, $3 each per snunm,. $5, in advance. will pay for 1% year. Remittances hy registered letters or P. O. orders at our risk. English and Colonial suhsoriptione, post paid, per year, ' ths, 12s, i line, first in‘Large adveret . Adverti 8. per eertion, Is.; euhsequent insertions, each, $d. tisements at special ratee, InLusTRaTiIoNs ANN Reports OF MINING ENTERPRISES WanTEn.—Drawings or PRoigerap ns of mining works that are of general intereet to our readers are solicited for publication in this journal. Official reports of Companiee, and description of mines of importance, or or epecial interest, are aleo desired. Sketches of any new method and discoveries will he very acceptable. San Francisco: Saturday Morning, May 25, 1872. Gold and Legal Tender Rates. Sax Francisco, Wednesdsy, May 22, 1872.—Lega] Tenders huying, $9; selling, 90. Gold in New York to-day, 114. Table of Contents. ILLUSTRATIONS—Whelpley & Storer’s Pulverizing Mill,321. Brown's Paten Fire Hydrant, 329. EDITORIALS—The Ssn Francisco Microscopic Society. 821. iron snd Steel, 326. Mining as sn Invest. ment; Congressionsl Affairs; Utah News,328. The Frear Artifi ialStone, 329. CORRESPONDENCE—Ophir District, Utah; Gold vs. Silver Mining; Mines at Ald*r Gulch, Montans; From Our Correspondent L. P. Mc.,323, MINING SUMMARY—Reports from mines in vsrious States, Counties and Districts: Stock Reports; Lesther and Metal Markets; Mining Shareholders’ Directory, 324-5. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.—Relations of Calorific Pow er of Combustibles to Composition; Curhonized_ Sewage; Transmitted Radisnt Heat: Preservation of Wood: Peruvian Antiquities. etc., 323. MECHANICAL PROGRESS.—Economy of the Hol Blast; Puddling Steel Rails; Railrosd Improvement. Burnt iron snd Steel; The Turbine Propeller; Pressure in Steam Boilers, 823. USEFUL INFORMATION.—Ventilation—A Field for Invention; Fow to Make a Chean Cellar Bottom; An Ancient «-f the Earth; Light, Heat and Electricit. from Motion: Origin of Lager Beer: Plumsgery. 39°7 GOOD HEALTH.—The Canse of Hunger; Educatior and Health; Sleeplessness and the Remedy; Dsrk Rooms—Sunehine; How to Cure Stammering; Warm Bath in Insanity and in Burns; Decay of the Teeth: Sunthine and Sleep; Embalming, 327. POMESTIC ECONOMY.—Mushroom Catsup: Rules for Washing Dishes, Helpful Hints for the Household: Wood Fires: Porcelain Wash Tubs; Something New in the Kitchen. 331. MISCELLANEOUS—Pacific Coast Products snd Their Future Market, 326. New Incorporations; Meetings snd Elections; Mining Acvidents; Pstents snd Inventions, 332. TE Brimse Cotums1a Irems.—On Williams Creek the Cariboo Company are at work, and the Ballarat and Forest Rose companies are idle, hut will resume work shortly On Harvey Creek all the companies are preparing for summer work. News from the new Omineca is meagre, but itis expected that the camp will he very lively this summer and $7 per day is expected to be paid for labor. Some of the claims are makiug expenses, but with the exception of a strike madea few miles ahove Germansen, which paid two ounces to the hand, and only two feet to bed rock, nothing big has been struck. Provisions are high. Nevapa Borax.—The borax fields of Neyada are at length attracting attention abroad, and parties in Kurope have recent ly been making inquiries in regard to them. Itis stated that there xre at least 3,000 acres in Hsmeralda county, the deposits on which vary from half an inch to three feet in thickness, Rar~Roap Parry.—The train containing the Directors of the Pennsylvania Central Railroad arrived here on the 17th instant. The excursion is under the direction of J. Couthony, of the Pullman Palace Car Company. The excursion is one of pleasure only, and the party will visit Yosemite Valley, the Big Trees, and other points of interest in the State before their return. THe members of the American Society for the advancement of Science are expected to arrive in this city about the first of August. Mining as an Investment. It is unfortunate for the mining interests of the . Pacific Coast that the difference hetween mining with the pick, gad and shovel, and miuing with certificates of stock is not more generally recognized. The fascination of gaining sudden wealth in “stocks”? is very great, especially to those of small means who feil to see why they have not an eqnal chance with the capitalist in proportion to their investment. Those who are familiar with the ways and means of mining capitalists, ‘‘rings’’ and brokers could tell them why; but a deaf ear is turned to all advice and remonstrance. A good many think they have “yeliable information,’? supposed to be known to the favored few, but they show their stupidity hy not being aware that this ‘treliahle information *’ dodge is one of the most powerful tools used by ‘‘ mining sharps” to rid themselves of stock about to fall. The temptation of large returns for small investments is alluring although the man of business recognizes the fact that high interest and bad security go hand in hand. The dangers incident to stock speculation should be seriously considered by small operators, for it is a business in which advantages of any kind may he teken by dealers, since it has become by popular consent and custom to be looked upon not only as honorable, but, since in our day success is the criterion of merit, the capitalist who has notoriously amassed his wealth hy sharp practice and at the expense of hundreds of others, is regarded, like Merdle in “Tittle Dorrit,’? no matter what his social characteristics may be, as one who has shown marked ability, and whose acquaintance should be cultivated. This speculative mania has wrought a pernicious influence in the community, while the minesthat have been its objective point have neither been injured or improved by the reputation which the value of their stocks have given them.; The Business of Mining Legitimately conducted, is one peculisrly suited tothe people of this coast since it promises large returns and embraces so wide a field. If we can only succeed in awakening a deeper interest in it as a business among our capitalists, it will not only realize extensive retumms to them but afford employment and profit to the industrious laboring classes. By this we mean mining—quite apart from any speculstive operations in stock, for while we desire to encourage legitimate mining enterprises, mere speculation should be discouraged. The question will be asked by some who have been victimized in large companies, why are there so inany failures, and why are so small a proportion of the mines called at the Stock Board dividend-paying ? Ifthe men who ask these questions were interested enough to take a trip through a few districts where hard-working miners are developing their own claims, and then return to San Francisco and get a few points concerning the management of large companies, the conclusion they would he compelled to draw would answer the questions satisfactorily. Moreover, the proportion of amount of dividends and assessments should he taken into consideration before any rash assertions are made, This month, for instance, 11 assessmaents so far have been made, and only five dividends have heen paid by mining companies called at our Stock Boards. The five dividends amount in the aggregate to $1,067,000, and the eleven assessments amount in the aggregate to $351,750, leaving a clear gain in favor of stockholders of $715,250. When the two sides are represented in figures, which are matters of fact, even now when mining is seemingly in disgrace because stocks are low, the account balances very favorably.

The great mistake has been that quartz mining has been considered as an exception to general husiness rules, but hard experience has proven that it has its definite business restrictions like everything else, which cannot be disregarded without failure. The extravagance that has prevailed has chiefly originated in the inflated notions which have existed respecting the richness and inexhaustible quantity of ores attainable, which it is always presumed will inerease in both quautity and quality with depth. ‘This delusion is not yet fully dissipated. Existing local circumstances, geological formation, width, ore supply, ete., must he taken into consideration before such conclusions are adopted. Superficial bonanzas which do not ‘‘go down” are frequently mistaken for veins of illimitahle depth, mills and hoisting works erected, and expenditures made heyond all reasonable hounds—and failure the result. It willnot doto huy everything and anything which the owners calla ledge, or hy supposing it rich enough to invest $40,000 or $50,000 in machinery, etc., hefore it is known whether there is any ledge or not. Such a course ignores common sense and prudence, and exerts a disastrous influence on all legitimate mining operations. Some of the Mistakes in Mining. It has been the object in past days to get the greatest possible amount of money in the shortest possible time, and the consequence of this mismanaged proceeding has been seriously felt. Millions of wealth have been made inaccessible by this thoughtless work and reckless thirst for gain. We have had, unfortunately, altogether too much amateur mining. People have gone into it blindfold and come out with their eyes very forcibly opened. In many places where the mines were unquestionably rich, and which in England, or eny other country, where they are worked with care and systematic economy, would heve paid handsome dividends, this smateur mining has made the companies bankrupt. Many instances are known where expensive mills have been erected in a good agricultural and grazing country, fitter for the plow than the pick, 15 or 20 miles from timber or a good supply of water, and further off stlll from auy mine that by any geological or metallurgical possibility could be made to pay. There is no business iu which men exercise so little judgmeut or foresight as they do in buying mining property, and in which the simplest rules are so eompletely ignored. If the business were entered into with the same precautions that are generally shewn by those who engage in commercial and mechanical pursuits, it would present less hazard, and he attended with less failure than any other. The history of mining camps is continually repeating itself without the examples being heeded. Surface ore comes cheaply and gives speedy returns, hut with the increase of depth the difiiculty and expense of mining increases and the quality of ore often changes requiring more capital and more extensive machinery. In large companies, when the value of ore depreciates, the supply is kept up by extracting an amount that ought to take years instead of months to get out, the mine is ruined by had timbering and bad hasty work. More ore is taken outthan the milling facilities require, which in our large mines, well supplied with mills, is seldom judicious. Mills are always considered an immediateand ahsolute necessity without the prohable permanency of the lead being inquired into. Heavy and expensive machinery is frequently shipped great distances before 10 tons of mineral-bearing rock are in sight. The estimates are invariably too small and assessment after assessment is levied before the mill can be finished; and, if more hy luck than management, the company pay 2 dividend, itis but the precursor of more assessments. No money is spent in actual development of the mine but is rather consumed in unnecessary expenses. It is better to first hegin to develop a lead before talking ahout working the rock from the first honanza struck, for the ore is just as safe on the dumps or in the mine until enough is in sight to at least pay fora mill. Still stockholders invest, generally, with the expectation thatthe mine immediately declare dividends, andif amillis not erected very shortly and money forthcoming, they draw out. They begin backward, get the mill first and the mine afterward; instead of developing the claim, they only partially prospect it and then put up amill. The mines should he properly opened, not gouged out, and a judicious superintendent will only extract as much rock as is necessary to carry it on, Many mines are upheld and salaries paid not by the proceeds of the mines but by direct calls on the stockholders in the shape of assessments. The vicious constitutions of many of our companies are not always, however, to be attributed to design, but from undue haste and a want of knowledge, while defects have led to irregularities. Perhaps fraud would be a more fitting termin some instances where dividends have heen declared on borrowed money and an assessment levied immediately after to pay theloan. Such things are monstrous business eahsurdities. {Stockholders have shown little or no discretion as to who should manage, and the consequences have fallen not only on them, but, if the same capitel had heen properly expended it would foster and establish mining as a staple industry instead of what some suppose ita rock to be avoided. It is of little use to point out instances asheacons to guide the unwary, for while stockholders show the epathy in the management of their mines that they do, it is difficult to protect them from the snares of designing men. Itis a business which demands superior skill, judgment, education, and experience to insure profitable development, even with rich lodes. Mining engineers of sufficient attainments can generally tell whether the ground is ore hearing and can prepare sufliciently accurate estimates of cost, expenditure, etc., to warraut owners to go on or sbandou the work. {Concluded next week.] ConeressionaL AFrarrs.—A bill was introduced in Congress by Mr. Sargent, immediately after the passage of the Mining Bill, given in our last issue, which provides that land shall not he excluded from entry under the homestead or preemption laws, unless it is shown that bona jide mining claims exist upon it. This is Thisisintended to overcome the difficulties experienced since the Department of the Interior issued the ‘‘numerical land order” last year. A bill has been introduced by Senator Casserly granting right of way and ten sections of land to a company to aid them in constructing a ditch from the Mountain Lakes of El] Dorado County to a point in Sacramento County. Said ditch to carry 5,000 inches of water. The Senate Committee on Mines and Mining have reported an amended bill to incorporate the Utah Railroad, Mining and Land Company. The Company proposes to incorporate with a capital of $5,000,000, ond aright to increase it five-fold, to develop the resources of Utah by the erection of works, construction of railroads, working of mines, ete., in different counties, so 23 to connect the mineral districts with the adjoining railroad. A number of English capitalists are to he interested. Utan News.—A dispatch from Salt Lake City states that a great body of ore, running to thousands of dollars per ton, has been struck in the 400-ft level of the Emma mine, Nearly $200,000 in silver bullion were receivedin Salt Lake City last week, and .another car-load from Butterfield Catton has arrived, weighing ten tons, and valued at $8,000. An effort is heing made to obtain a futher reduction in freight on ores for the East. Numbers of strangers are in the city, and the stages to the mining camps are all crowded with passengers. <A dispatch of the 21st states that Judge Strickland delivered 2 decision on that dayiu the Flagstaff mining suit refusing the injunction. It is understood that the plaintiff will file a new hill, praying for a restraining order, and also institute proceedings to set aside the patent. The struggle for this valuable property is creating considerable excitementin mining circles. There has heen another heavy snow slide at Little Cottonwood, in which several miners were buried, but were rescued uninjured, except one, who had his leg broken. A dispatch dated Salt Lake, 20th inst., states that on that day mining property in Tintic and Camp Floyd Districts to the amount of $500,000 was disposed of. A number of Pittsburgh capitalists are in Salt Lake City negotiating for mines. Lazor Srrrmzu.—The great lahor strike in New York last week for the eight-hour system was participated in by a large number of persons of many different trades. The proceedings of the meetings are said to have been conducted in an orderly mauner and no trouble occurred. Thestrike seems to have been entirely successful, employers having con~ ceded to the terms imposed, hut whether it will be lasting or only temporary remains to be seen.