Volume 28 (1874) (430 pages)

92 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC .PRESS, [February 7, 1874. Porurar fectures Mechanics’ Institute Lectures. The Great Lava Overflow of the Pacific Coast—by Prof. Joseph LeConte—No 3. {Reported Especially for the Press.] Prof. Joseph LeConte delivered the third of the series of lectures now being given hefore the Meohanies’ Institute, on Saturday night last, before a large andience. The suhject was an exemplification of his Theory of the Formation of Mountains, as illustrated by the great lava overflow of Northern California and Oregon. The Great Lava Bed Of the region named, the lecturer stated, commences near the middle of California, where it appears in separate streams; hut passing northward it unites, increases in bnlk, covers almost the entire surface of Oregon and Washington Territory, and extends far into British Colnmbiaz on the north and Idaho and Montana on the east. This immense flood of lava covers a region of country some 700 miles in length by from 300 to 400 miles in breadth, and varying from a few hundred to some 4,000 feet in thickness. The thickness where it is cut through by the Columhia river is 3,700 feet. The DesChutea river, running at right angles with the Columbia, runs for 140 miles through a narrow cafion or gorge, on hoth sides of which lava is piled up to the hight of from 1,000 to 1,500 feet, and still the river has not cut its ohannel more then half way to the bottom of the deposit. Mr. King has traced this lava for at least 300 miles along the Snake river. The Sources of this Great Outflow Are to be fonnd in the immense fissures in the Coast and Cascade mountains, the lava so running together as to make one universal mass. It occurs in layers, one above another, so distinctly separated that there can be no mistake about the fact of there having been several distinct overflows. The lecturer ~ 1 Illustrated His Remarks With plans on the blackboard, which we herewith reproduce, as previously introduced in connection with his paper on the same subject, published in the proceedings of the Academy of Sciences; which institution. has kindly fur. nished us the engravings for this purpose. The lecture thus illustrated furnishes a series of most interesting and remarkable facts and discoveries. One of the illustrations given was similar to Fig. 1, showing the different ledges of lava, as they appear at the Cascades of the Columbia river. In this figure (@) represents a coarse conglomerate, extending from the wator level, 15 feet upwards, to (0), which is a veritahle ancient ground-surface as it was hefore those aucient oonvulsions of nature, by which it was buried to a depth of some 3,000 feet or more. On this ancient loam are now seen silicified stumps, with roots running down into the soil beneath. Immediately above this ground-surface is seen, first, a layer of sandstone (c), two feet thick, filled with leaf-impressions. Above this, again, lies a conglomerate (d), irregularly stratified in spots, containing fragments of silicified driff-wood. Upon this uneven surface (e) rest the lava layers, one above another, as shown, to the hight of nearly 3,000 feet. 7 Figure 2 is an ideal seotion, represonting a section of the cliff, as seen at this place; hut there is no unoertainty about the actual relation of the lava to the conglomerate, etc., as shown. In Fig. 2, 6 most unmistakably marks an old forest ground, where the etumps stil] remainin the very ed where they grew. The trees were destroyed by water, which firet overflowed the country, and which gradually covered the earth to a depth of several hundred feet with a coarse deposit, upon which the lava was suhsequeutly poured from the fissures asmentioned. The outflowe of lava probably continued at intervals throughout all the later yeare of the Tertiary period, from fissures; as the fissures gradually closed, or were filled up, the flow has heen continued in spots, by crater eruption, until very nearly the preseut time. The Geological Age of the Oulflow Is readily determined by the leaf impressions and silicified wood which have heen found in the water-drift nnderlying the lava. The earliest of this lava flow undoubtedly occurred near the end of the’ Miocene period, and soincident in time with the formation of the Coaet range of mountains, The nnderlying portion; upon which these vegetable remains grew, was no dowht originally a low ridge, composed of granite and slate, like the Sierras, and probably of the same age. ™ Figure 3 is a diagramic section along the Columhia river cafion, at the Cascades. The wide part. enclosed hetween the cliffs, a, a, is abont five milee acrose, and was douhtlees once eutirely covered by the watere of the river. The erosion has occurred during the postTertiary, either by ice or water, or more proba-. bly both. Daring the present epoch, the greatly shrunken river has cutits way into the underlying conglomerate, moving gradually southward, until it has formed on the southern side quite a high, perpeudicular hluff, as shown. Prairie Mounds—The ODevil’s Potato Patech— Formed an interesting division of this most interesting lecture. They ooour near the sonthern extremity of Puget sound, ina series of glades or openings. -They are narrow, ramifying glades’ or grassy prairies, entirely destitute of trees or shruhs, hut in the midst of dense fir foresta. These mounds are about three or four feet high and thirty or forty feet in diameter, regular’in size and shape. There are millions ofthem. They are made up mostly of small pehhles and coarse gravel, and are covered with ferns and small grass. Much speoulation has been indulged in as to their origin. Some suppose them to have been ancisnt Indian burial grounds, or raised fonndations for huts, on a wet soil; others think they were formed by fish while the ground was still suhmerged undera shallow sea. Close examinations, however, have led scientists to attrihute their origin to erosions under peculiar oircumstances. From the Dalles to the DesChutes river, a distance of some 30 miles, the country is also covered with these mounds. On the mountain verge of the valleys of California, where the original soil has not been disturbed by the plow, the same phenomena may also be frequently observed. In this State, especially. in the San Joaquin valley, such localities are called ‘*hog wallows,’’ and in Oregon, the locality in which they are most conspicuous is as ‘The Devil’s Potato Patch. This interesting and instructive lecture was listened to throughout with marked attention. properly known Prof. Neri’s Lecture—Magnetism and Electricity—No. 2. [Especially Reported for the Press,j The first leoture of the course was devoted to the consideration of frictional and statical electricity. The present lecture will he devoted more especially to magnetism, and its relation to electricity. A certain class. of electrical phenomena is attribrted to magnetic force. Ahout six hundred years before the Christian era, it was discovered that a certain kind of rock was known to possess the property of strongly attracting iron. This rock was called magnet, from Magnesia, the country in whioh it was discovered. In the modern study and classification of minerals, this rock, which is a natural magnet, is found hy showing the influence of the magnet npon filings. This experiment, which, from its nature, is usually confinéd to the observation of afew who may gather around a tahle, was distinetly shown to every individual of the large audience of nearly 1,000 persons, hy beint projected upon a screen by means of a newly devised instrument made upof refleotorsand prisms. Magnetic Induction. In addition to the property which the magnet possesses of transferring its influence to steel hy being rubbed upon it, italso possesses the remarkable peculiarity of transmitting its power by induction. A piece of common iron when placed in contact witha magnet, and even when not in actual contact, bnt near to such @ piece of iron, also becomes magnetic, and continnes so aslong as it ia kept under the influence of the original. This is called induction, and is similar to thesame principle developed in electricity. The earth itself isa huge magnet, and its north pole attracts the south pole of the needle; hence what we call the north pole of the needle is really its south pole. We reverse the nom: enclature simply for convenience, hecause the south pole is always upon the north point Fig. 2. of the [needle when it is freely suspended. Magnetic Vibration and Dip. It was for‘along time supposed that the needle always pointed due north and south; but it has of late years heen demonstrated that there is always a variation either east or west and greater or less at different points on the earth’s surface. This irregularity of the needle is called ‘‘magnetic variation.’’ Its cause is not yet fully understood, and its existence is not constant, or alike at all times in any one place. The needle has also another variation called its ‘‘dip.”” On the equator there is no dip; the needle stsnds there perfectly horizontal. As we go north’or south, the variation from the horizontal is gradually changed, until, if we could reach either of the earth’s poles, we should find the needle there, if freely hung, occupying a perpendicular position. This pecnliarity was first discovered in 1576. It is claimed that the msgnetic needle was known in China 3,000 years sgo; but the claim is considered was known about msgnetism by the ancients, and it is only within ahowt two hundred years that it has heen much studied. : The Natural Magnet Possesses the property of transmitting its power to steel, which therenpon ie found to possess a greater power than the original magnet. Various forms of artificial magnets were shown—the single bar, compound bar, and the horn-shoe form of hoth. It has been found that the power of a magnet is greatly increased by hanging a weight upon it, and gradually increasing that weight at intervals. . Polarity of the Magnet.Magnetism, like electricity, possesees two qualities, positive and negative. Each magnet has its positive and uegative pole, designated in the magnetic needle as the north and south poles; also, a nentral point midway hetween the two, where no influence is discernible. That a marked difference exists hetween these two ie shown by various demonstrations. Opposite polarities attract; eqnal polarities repel. What this mysterious influence is, or how it is caused, has thus far eluded the closest and most scientific serutiny. If wedivide a magnet at any point, each portiou of the original becomes itselfa magnet. This division may be carried on indefinitely. If we could divide so minutely, we should no doubt find that each molecule of the original was a magnet, possessing positive and negative poles, and its neutral center. Hence, magnetism is not inherent, or does not reside at any particular point of the mapnet. Magnetic Lines of Force or, Curves. The lines of magnetic force pass in graceful enrves from one pole to the other of the mag_ net, and vice versa. This fact was demonstrated to consist largely doubtful. Bunt of a peculiar oxthe first idea of ide of iron—a it undonhtedly mineral from eame from the which the best east, and was quality of iron is prohably intromade--and which duced into occurs in’ msny Europe by Marco places, particuPolo. larly in Sweden. Tke Effect of the A speoimen of Magnet on Gold this. rock, highly Silver, Copper, polished, was exFig. 3. ete, hibited, and its ~° f The magnet, attracting properties demonstrated. Very little besides its influence on steel ard iron, has also a greater or less effect upon most other substances, such as gold, silver, copper, nickel, cohalt, zine, glass, paper, cloth, liquids and gases. This influence on a limited number of substances has long been known; but Faraday made the matter a epecial study, and demonstrated the fact that it had a very wide and almost unlimited influence, though in relation to moet suhstances its influence was extremely weak. Hedevieed an apparatus which was capahle of detecting its influence when exertud only one-millionth part as strongly as upon iron. This instrnment was exhibited and its action explained. The power vf this instrument to develop the more minute influencee of magnetism depended upon a peculiar and intimate Relation between Magnetism and Electricity. When electricityis caused to pass through two magnets whoee poles are placed in close proximity to each other, the magnetic power is moet wonderfully intensified at the interval hetween the two poles, and the instrument then becomee what is known as an electro-magnet. Pieces of gold, silver, copper, etc., placed in the interval hetween the poles, which is called the magnetic field, and which were not at all visibly affected by the ordinary magnetic current, were most palpably infinenced when the electric enrrent was added to intensify the former. The increased power of the electro-magnet over the simple magnet was also otherwise demonstrated ina most remarkable and amnsing manner, as in the greedy way with which it wonld sieze npon and hold a large mass of carpet tacks or small naile. The influence of a rotating disk or plate on the magnetic needle was also shown. The Magnetic Force Universal. The magnetio foree has » most important purpose in the grand economy of nature, and extends its influence throughout the entire universe. This is inferred from the known influence known to extend from the sun to the earth. What are called Magnetic Storms Or an nnusually excited condition of the magneto-electric forces upon the earth, are known to have their origin (at least sometimes) in the sun. Unusual disturhances in the sun, such as the extraordinary eruptions, which modern observers have been able to detect and so fully describe, are always accompanied hy’ magnetic storms on the earth. It has also been ascertained that sun spots have an important influence in this direction. : A Remarkable Instance Was referred to, wherean observer in Europe having noticed a certain disturhance in the sun’s atmosphere, immediately telegraphed to all the magnetic ohservatories on the earth, with which he oonld be put in communication, when it was discovered that 2 general magnetio disturhance or storm ecommenoed in the vicinity of all thosé ohservatories, simultaneously with the same phenomena in the gun. The learued leoturer concluded by announcing that these higher and most important phenomena connected with magnetism and electricity would form the subject of his future lectures, the next one of which would he given on Thursday evening, Fehruary 12th, PAIN-KILLER! ¥OR OVER THIRTY YEARS Perry Davis’ Vegetable PAIN KILLER HAS BEEN TESTED IN EVERY VARIETY OF CLI MATE, AND BY ALMOST EVERY NATION KNOWN TO AMERIOANS. It is the constant companion and estimable friend of the missionary and the traveler, on sea and land, and no one should travel on our Lakes or Rivers without it. It has been before the public over thirty years, and probably has a better and wider reputation than any other proprietary medicine ofthe presentday. At this period there are but few unacquainted with the merits of the Pain-Killer; but while some extol it as a liniment, they know but little of its power in easing pain when taken internally, while others use it internally with great success, but are equally ignorant of 1ts healing virtues when applied externally. We therefore wish to say to all that itis equally successful whether used internally or externally, and it stands to-day unrivalled by all the great catalogue of family medicines. It is ufficient evidence of its virtues as astandard medicines to know that it is now used in all parts of the world and that its sale is constantly increasing. No curative agent has had such wide spread saleor given such universal satisfaction. It isa purely vegetable compound, and perfectly sate in unskillful hands. i After thirty years trial, is still receiving the most unqualified testimonials to its virtues, from persons of the highest character and respon¢ibility. Physicians of the first respectability, recommond it a8 a most effectual preparation for the extinction of pain. Itis not only the best remedy ever known for Bruiscs, Outs, Burns, &c., but for Dysontery or Cholera or any sort of Bowel complaint, it is a remedy unsnrpassed for efficiency and rapidity of action. In the great cities of Indis, and other hot climates, it has become the Standard Medtcines for all such complaints, as well as for Dyspepsia, Liver Complaints, and other kindred disorders. For Ooughs and Colds, Canker, Asthma, and Rheumatic difficulties, it has been proved by the most abundant and convincing testimony to be an invalnable medicine. Beware of att Imitations, The Pain-Killer is sold by all respectable druggists thronghont the United States and foreign countries. Prices—25 cents, 60 cents and $1 per bottle. PERRY, DAVIS & SON, Proprietors, ja2t No. 136 High street, Providence, R. I. Laws Concerning Corporations. [Under the New Code—January 1, 1873.] GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL CORPORATIONS. WAGON ROAD CORPORATIONS. WATER AND CANAL CORPORATIONS. HOMESTEAD CORPORATIONS. MINING OORPORATIONS. LAND AND BUILDING OORPORATIONS, Aso, MINING PARTNERSHIP LAW. A pamphlet containing the above provisions concern. ing Corporations has been printed from the Statutes of California, It furnishes those who wish these special laws an opportunity of obtaining them for the small Bum of 25 cents (post paid). Address, DEWEY & Oo., Publishers, and Patent Agents, 8. F. In SPrre oF FLaANNELs, Coughs and colds wilt make a lojgment in the system. Butthey are not tenants at will. You can dispossess them with Hale's Honey of Horehound and Tar, in less time than it takes a sheriff to execnte a writ. Crittenton’s, No. 7 6th Avenue. Sold by all Druggists. Pike’s Toothache Drops cure in 1 minute. * THE Mryive anp SoreNTIFIO Press, of San Francisco, now in its 28th volume, is the best paper for the miner, the prospector and the machinist, of which we have any Knowledge. Fonr dollars (gold) sent to Dewey & Co., will fetch it for one year.—Arizona Miner. No Lrre InsvRANCE Company has a betterrecord ormore ermanently popular reputation than the Connecricu? Vioroan Lire Insurance Co. J.B Roberts, 315 Oalifornia Street, San Francisco, is general agent for this Coast. Send to him for circulars and information of this reliable, rst-ciass company. i Prorocrare Parmnrine done in the most satisfactory manner at 426 Kearny street, from the smallest card to full life size,on very moderate terms, by Emazy R. Eastman, Artist, 426 Kearny, San Francisco. bp.2t ConTINENTAL Lire InsuRANCE Co., No. 302 Montgomery street, corner Of Pine, San Francisco. *

92 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC .PRESS, [February 7, 1874. Porurar fectures Mechanics’ Institute Lectures. The Great Lava Overflow of the Pacific Coast—by Prof. Joseph LeConte—No 3. {Reported Especially for the Press.] Prof. Joseph LeConte delivered the third of the series of lectures now being given hefore the Meohanies’ Institute, on Saturday night last, before a large andience. The suhject was an exemplification of his Theory of the Formation of Mountains, as illustrated by the great lava overflow of Northern California and Oregon. The Great Lava Bed Of the region named, the lecturer stated, commences near the middle of California, where it appears in separate streams; hut passing northward it unites, increases in bnlk, covers almost the entire surface of Oregon and Washington Territory, and extends far into British Colnmbiaz on the north and Idaho and Montana on the east. This immense flood of lava covers a region of country some 700 miles in length by from 300 to 400 miles in breadth, and varying from a few hundred to some 4,000 feet in thickness. The thickness where it is cut through by the Columhia river is 3,700 feet. The DesChutea river, running at right angles with the Columbia, runs for 140 miles through a narrow cafion or gorge, on hoth sides of which lava is piled up to the hight of from 1,000 to 1,500 feet, and still the river has not cut its ohannel more then half way to the bottom of the deposit. Mr. King has traced this lava for at least 300 miles along the Snake river. The Sources of this Great Outflow Are to be fonnd in the immense fissures in the Coast and Cascade mountains, the lava so running together as to make one universal mass. It occurs in layers, one above another, so distinctly separated that there can be no mistake about the fact of there having been several distinct overflows. The lecturer ~ 1 Illustrated His Remarks With plans on the blackboard, which we herewith reproduce, as previously introduced in connection with his paper on the same subject, published in the proceedings of the Academy of Sciences; which institution. has kindly fur. nished us the engravings for this purpose. The lecture thus illustrated furnishes a series of most interesting and remarkable facts and discoveries. One of the illustrations given was similar to Fig. 1, showing the different ledges of lava, as they appear at the Cascades of the Columbia river. In this figure (@) represents a coarse conglomerate, extending from the wator level, 15 feet upwards, to (0), which is a veritahle ancient ground-surface as it was hefore those aucient oonvulsions of nature, by which it was buried to a depth of some 3,000 feet or more. On this ancient loam are now seen silicified stumps, with roots running down into the soil beneath. Immediately above this ground-surface is seen, first, a layer of sandstone (c), two feet thick, filled with leaf-impressions. Above this, again, lies a conglomerate (d), irregularly stratified in spots, containing fragments of silicified driff-wood. Upon this uneven surface (e) rest the lava layers, one above another, as shown, to the hight of nearly 3,000 feet. 7 Figure 2 is an ideal seotion, represonting a section of the cliff, as seen at this place; hut there is no unoertainty about the actual relation of the lava to the conglomerate, etc., as shown. In Fig. 2, 6 most unmistakably marks an old forest ground, where the etumps stil] remainin the very ed where they grew. The trees were destroyed by water, which firet overflowed the country, and which gradually covered the earth to a depth of several hundred feet with a coarse deposit, upon which the lava was suhsequeutly poured from the fissures asmentioned. The outflowe of lava probably continued at intervals throughout all the later yeare of the Tertiary period, from fissures; as the fissures gradually closed, or were filled up, the flow has heen continued in spots, by crater eruption, until very nearly the preseut time. The Geological Age of the Oulflow Is readily determined by the leaf impressions and silicified wood which have heen found in the water-drift nnderlying the lava. The earliest of this lava flow undoubtedly occurred near the end of the’ Miocene period, and soincident in time with the formation of the Coaet range of mountains, The nnderlying portion; upon which these vegetable remains grew, was no dowht originally a low ridge, composed of granite and slate, like the Sierras, and probably of the same age. ™ Figure 3 is a diagramic section along the Columhia river cafion, at the Cascades. The wide part. enclosed hetween the cliffs, a, a, is abont five milee acrose, and was douhtlees once eutirely covered by the watere of the river. The erosion has occurred during the postTertiary, either by ice or water, or more proba-. bly both. Daring the present epoch, the greatly shrunken river has cutits way into the underlying conglomerate, moving gradually southward, until it has formed on the southern side quite a high, perpeudicular hluff, as shown. Prairie Mounds—The ODevil’s Potato Patech— Formed an interesting division of this most interesting lecture. They ooour near the sonthern extremity of Puget sound, ina series of glades or openings. -They are narrow, ramifying glades’ or grassy prairies, entirely destitute of trees or shruhs, hut in the midst of dense fir foresta. These mounds are about three or four feet high and thirty or forty feet in diameter, regular’in size and shape. There are millions ofthem. They are made up mostly of small pehhles and coarse gravel, and are covered with ferns and small grass. Much speoulation has been indulged in as to their origin. Some suppose them to have been ancisnt Indian burial grounds, or raised fonndations for huts, on a wet soil; others think they were formed by fish while the ground was still suhmerged undera shallow sea. Close examinations, however, have led scientists to attrihute their origin to erosions under peculiar oircumstances. From the Dalles to the DesChutes river, a distance of some 30 miles, the country is also covered with these mounds. On the mountain verge of the valleys of California, where the original soil has not been disturbed by the plow, the same phenomena may also be frequently observed. In this State, especially. in the San Joaquin valley, such localities are called ‘*hog wallows,’’ and in Oregon, the locality in which they are most conspicuous is as ‘The Devil’s Potato Patch. This interesting and instructive lecture was listened to throughout with marked attention. properly known Prof. Neri’s Lecture—Magnetism and Electricity—No. 2. [Especially Reported for the Press,j The first leoture of the course was devoted to the consideration of frictional and statical electricity. The present lecture will he devoted more especially to magnetism, and its relation to electricity. A certain class. of electrical phenomena is attribrted to magnetic force. Ahout six hundred years before the Christian era, it was discovered that a certain kind of rock was known to possess the property of strongly attracting iron. This rock was called magnet, from Magnesia, the country in whioh it was discovered. In the modern study and classification of minerals, this rock, which is a natural magnet, is found hy showing the influence of the magnet npon filings. This experiment, which, from its nature, is usually confinéd to the observation of afew who may gather around a tahle, was distinetly shown to every individual of the large audience of nearly 1,000 persons, hy beint projected upon a screen by means of a newly devised instrument made upof refleotorsand prisms. Magnetic Induction. In addition to the property which the magnet possesses of transferring its influence to steel hy being rubbed upon it, italso possesses the remarkable peculiarity of transmitting its power by induction. A piece of common iron when placed in contact witha magnet, and even when not in actual contact, bnt near to such @ piece of iron, also becomes magnetic, and continnes so aslong as it ia kept under the influence of the original. This is called induction, and is similar to thesame principle developed in electricity. The earth itself isa huge magnet, and its north pole attracts the south pole of the needle; hence what we call the north pole of the needle is really its south pole. We reverse the nom: enclature simply for convenience, hecause the south pole is always upon the north point Fig. 2. of the [needle when it is freely suspended. Magnetic Vibration and Dip. It was for‘along time supposed that the needle always pointed due north and south; but it has of late years heen demonstrated that there is always a variation either east or west and greater or less at different points on the earth’s surface. This irregularity of the needle is called ‘‘magnetic variation.’’ Its cause is not yet fully understood, and its existence is not constant, or alike at all times in any one place. The needle has also another variation called its ‘‘dip.”” On the equator there is no dip; the needle stsnds there perfectly horizontal. As we go north’or south, the variation from the horizontal is gradually changed, until, if we could reach either of the earth’s poles, we should find the needle there, if freely hung, occupying a perpendicular position. This pecnliarity was first discovered in 1576.

It is claimed that the msgnetic needle was known in China 3,000 years sgo; but the claim is considered was known about msgnetism by the ancients, and it is only within ahowt two hundred years that it has heen much studied. : The Natural Magnet Possesses the property of transmitting its power to steel, which therenpon ie found to possess a greater power than the original magnet. Various forms of artificial magnets were shown—the single bar, compound bar, and the horn-shoe form of hoth. It has been found that the power of a magnet is greatly increased by hanging a weight upon it, and gradually increasing that weight at intervals. . Polarity of the Magnet.Magnetism, like electricity, possesees two qualities, positive and negative. Each magnet has its positive and uegative pole, designated in the magnetic needle as the north and south poles; also, a nentral point midway hetween the two, where no influence is discernible. That a marked difference exists hetween these two ie shown by various demonstrations. Opposite polarities attract; eqnal polarities repel. What this mysterious influence is, or how it is caused, has thus far eluded the closest and most scientific serutiny. If wedivide a magnet at any point, each portiou of the original becomes itselfa magnet. This division may be carried on indefinitely. If we could divide so minutely, we should no doubt find that each molecule of the original was a magnet, possessing positive and negative poles, and its neutral center. Hence, magnetism is not inherent, or does not reside at any particular point of the mapnet. Magnetic Lines of Force or, Curves. The lines of magnetic force pass in graceful enrves from one pole to the other of the mag_ net, and vice versa. This fact was demonstrated to consist largely doubtful. Bunt of a peculiar oxthe first idea of ide of iron—a it undonhtedly mineral from eame from the which the best east, and was quality of iron is prohably intromade--and which duced into occurs in’ msny Europe by Marco places, particuPolo. larly in Sweden. Tke Effect of the A speoimen of Magnet on Gold this. rock, highly Silver, Copper, polished, was exFig. 3. ete, hibited, and its ~° f The magnet, attracting properties demonstrated. Very little besides its influence on steel ard iron, has also a greater or less effect upon most other substances, such as gold, silver, copper, nickel, cohalt, zine, glass, paper, cloth, liquids and gases. This influence on a limited number of substances has long been known; but Faraday made the matter a epecial study, and demonstrated the fact that it had a very wide and almost unlimited influence, though in relation to moet suhstances its influence was extremely weak. Hedevieed an apparatus which was capahle of detecting its influence when exertud only one-millionth part as strongly as upon iron. This instrnment was exhibited and its action explained. The power vf this instrument to develop the more minute influencee of magnetism depended upon a peculiar and intimate Relation between Magnetism and Electricity. When electricityis caused to pass through two magnets whoee poles are placed in close proximity to each other, the magnetic power is moet wonderfully intensified at the interval hetween the two poles, and the instrument then becomee what is known as an electro-magnet. Pieces of gold, silver, copper, etc., placed in the interval hetween the poles, which is called the magnetic field, and which were not at all visibly affected by the ordinary magnetic current, were most palpably infinenced when the electric enrrent was added to intensify the former. The increased power of the electro-magnet over the simple magnet was also otherwise demonstrated ina most remarkable and amnsing manner, as in the greedy way with which it wonld sieze npon and hold a large mass of carpet tacks or small naile. The influence of a rotating disk or plate on the magnetic needle was also shown. The Magnetic Force Universal. The magnetio foree has » most important purpose in the grand economy of nature, and extends its influence throughout the entire universe. This is inferred from the known influence known to extend from the sun to the earth. What are called Magnetic Storms Or an nnusually excited condition of the magneto-electric forces upon the earth, are known to have their origin (at least sometimes) in the sun. Unusual disturhances in the sun, such as the extraordinary eruptions, which modern observers have been able to detect and so fully describe, are always accompanied hy’ magnetic storms on the earth. It has also been ascertained that sun spots have an important influence in this direction. : A Remarkable Instance Was referred to, wherean observer in Europe having noticed a certain disturhance in the sun’s atmosphere, immediately telegraphed to all the magnetic ohservatories on the earth, with which he oonld be put in communication, when it was discovered that 2 general magnetio disturhance or storm ecommenoed in the vicinity of all thosé ohservatories, simultaneously with the same phenomena in the gun. The learued leoturer concluded by announcing that these higher and most important phenomena connected with magnetism and electricity would form the subject of his future lectures, the next one of which would he given on Thursday evening, Fehruary 12th, PAIN-KILLER! ¥OR OVER THIRTY YEARS Perry Davis’ Vegetable PAIN KILLER HAS BEEN TESTED IN EVERY VARIETY OF CLI MATE, AND BY ALMOST EVERY NATION KNOWN TO AMERIOANS. It is the constant companion and estimable friend of the missionary and the traveler, on sea and land, and no one should travel on our Lakes or Rivers without it. It has been before the public over thirty years, and probably has a better and wider reputation than any other proprietary medicine ofthe presentday. At this period there are but few unacquainted with the merits of the Pain-Killer; but while some extol it as a liniment, they know but little of its power in easing pain when taken internally, while others use it internally with great success, but are equally ignorant of 1ts healing virtues when applied externally. We therefore wish to say to all that itis equally successful whether used internally or externally, and it stands to-day unrivalled by all the great catalogue of family medicines. It is ufficient evidence of its virtues as astandard medicines to know that it is now used in all parts of the world and that its sale is constantly increasing. No curative agent has had such wide spread saleor given such universal satisfaction. It isa purely vegetable compound, and perfectly sate in unskillful hands. i After thirty years trial, is still receiving the most unqualified testimonials to its virtues, from persons of the highest character and respon¢ibility. Physicians of the first respectability, recommond it a8 a most effectual preparation for the extinction of pain. Itis not only the best remedy ever known for Bruiscs, Outs, Burns, &c., but for Dysontery or Cholera or any sort of Bowel complaint, it is a remedy unsnrpassed for efficiency and rapidity of action. In the great cities of Indis, and other hot climates, it has become the Standard Medtcines for all such complaints, as well as for Dyspepsia, Liver Complaints, and other kindred disorders. For Ooughs and Colds, Canker, Asthma, and Rheumatic difficulties, it has been proved by the most abundant and convincing testimony to be an invalnable medicine. Beware of att Imitations, The Pain-Killer is sold by all respectable druggists thronghont the United States and foreign countries. Prices—25 cents, 60 cents and $1 per bottle. PERRY, DAVIS & SON, Proprietors, ja2t No. 136 High street, Providence, R. I. Laws Concerning Corporations. [Under the New Code—January 1, 1873.] GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL CORPORATIONS. WAGON ROAD CORPORATIONS. WATER AND CANAL CORPORATIONS. HOMESTEAD CORPORATIONS. MINING OORPORATIONS. LAND AND BUILDING OORPORATIONS, Aso, MINING PARTNERSHIP LAW. A pamphlet containing the above provisions concern. ing Corporations has been printed from the Statutes of California, It furnishes those who wish these special laws an opportunity of obtaining them for the small Bum of 25 cents (post paid). Address, DEWEY & Oo., Publishers, and Patent Agents, 8. F. In SPrre oF FLaANNELs, Coughs and colds wilt make a lojgment in the system. Butthey are not tenants at will. You can dispossess them with Hale's Honey of Horehound and Tar, in less time than it takes a sheriff to execnte a writ. Crittenton’s, No. 7 6th Avenue. Sold by all Druggists. Pike’s Toothache Drops cure in 1 minute. * THE Mryive anp SoreNTIFIO Press, of San Francisco, now in its 28th volume, is the best paper for the miner, the prospector and the machinist, of which we have any Knowledge. Fonr dollars (gold) sent to Dewey & Co., will fetch it for one year.—Arizona Miner. No Lrre InsvRANCE Company has a betterrecord ormore ermanently popular reputation than the Connecricu? Vioroan Lire Insurance Co. J.B Roberts, 315 Oalifornia Street, San Francisco, is general agent for this Coast. Send to him for circulars and information of this reliable, rst-ciass company. i Prorocrare Parmnrine done in the most satisfactory manner at 426 Kearny street, from the smallest card to full life size,on very moderate terms, by Emazy R. Eastman, Artist, 426 Kearny, San Francisco. bp.2t ConTINENTAL Lire InsuRANCE Co., No. 302 Montgomery street, corner Of Pine, San Francisco. *