Volume 28 (1874) (430 pages)

a 1 2 aS ¥. An Iilnstrated Journal of Mining, Popular Science and Progressive Industry. BY DEWEY «& CO., Patont Sollecltors, SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, MARCH 7, 1874, VOLUME XXVIII Wumber 10. Working Claims by Tunnels. A correspondent asks ua some questions in relation to whether the work on a tnnnel looation will cover the annual expenditures reqnired on a lode, ete., the answers of which are of interest to miners generally. He says: **Near the place I reside, is a large ledge, which crops out for some distance, and which has beon located and abandoned hy several different parties. I think that if a tnnnel were rnn into the hill, so as to tap this ledge low down, good pay rock would be found. Moreover, I know of a blind ledge running parallel with, and close beside it, which I know is rich. Now, I want to work both these claims by a tunnel. Shall I make a regnlar tunnel locntion so as to catch the hlind lode—and, if I do, will the work on that tunnel serve as expenditnres on hoth olaims—or must I locate the hig ledge that crops, and the blind ledge separately? I do not want to do tbat; as I want, in some way, to work both ledges by tunnel; and make the money I spend on each cover necessary annnal expenditures on hoth ledges. One other point is that some twelve hundred feet from where I propose to work, croppings nppear, which I pose are those of my hlind ledge,”* e do not see exactly how our correspondentis to get out of paying the annnal expenditnreson both claims, even hy his tnnnel location. He cannot locate hoth claims hy a mere tnonnel location. That might cover the blind ledge, but if he began to work his tnnnel and did not first take up the big ledge some one else would do so, thinking he wonld prove its worth by his tunnel, withont cost to them. Morever he says his ‘blind ledge’’ crops ont some distance from him, in which case it is not a“hlind™ ledge atall. Again, he knows now, as perhaps do his partners or others, that this ledge exists there or he would not be so anxious to develop it; and the law plainly says that the tunnel can only give right of possession to ledges not previously known to exist, or not appearing on the snrface. If croppings of what be calls his blind lode really exist it might he traced to his location and atter he begun his tunnel there wonld be nothing to revent other parties takingitup. The large edge might or might not be touched after he began work bnt unless he regularly located it before, he could not prevent parties taking possession. The general supposition now is that work must he done on the ledge itself to cover the expenditures. Infact, an amendment to the mining act of May 10, 1872 introduced in Congress recently by delegate Chaffee of Colorado, on this very suhjeot, is now hefore the committee on mines and mining. It amends the act so as to make it declare that where a person or company shall ran a tunnel for the purpose of developing a lode or lodes, owned by said person or company, the money so expended in said tunnel shall he tsken and considered as expended on said lode or lodes, whether located prior to, or since the passnge of said act; and such person or company shall not he required to perform work on the surface of said lode or lodes, in order to hold the same as required hy said act. After consulting with several parties well qualified to jndge we do not see how onr correspondent can evade the law so as to make the work done nnewer for both claims. He muet spend at leaet $100 each year on each of his claims, or else render the one upon which no work ie done liahle to re-location. Quicksizver DiscovertEs.—The West Coast Star, published in Mendocino City, hae intelligence froma Boonville correspondent of rich cinnabar discoveries having been made in Anderson valley. The assays are very satisfactory. This adds another link to the chain of qnicksilver developments now taking place in the region of country extending from Sonoma round to Amador county. Patent Inrrmorment. — Joseph L. and James Hilton, hy their attorney, Mr. Morgan, have commenced an action in the United States Circuit Court, against B. & B. F. JackSon, of Woodland, to recover $10,000 damagee for ‘an infringement of an improvement on prain separators. A Convenient Book Support. We illustrate herewith a convenient little device for snpporting the leaves of large blank books, which is the invention of Morgan Bros., of Cincinnati, Ohio. Its dimensions nre, upright, six inches; arms three and ons-half inches. Itis made of malleable iron, polished and nickel-plated, and heing neatly finished, is quite an ornament, . It bas n decided advantsgo over the weight, as it sppports the back of the hook at any desired height, holding the page to be written upon perfectly level and firm. It is independent of the table, allowing tho hook to he moved freely withont detaching the support. Its strength will admit of resting the weight of the arm on the hook. It is very rapidly and easily adjusted, ocenpying hut afew seconds in removing and re-adjusting ona fresh pnge. It requires bnt one turn of the screw to fasten it, as the arms slide, and are adjustable at any desired point along the length of the upright; heing held by the verticsl pressnre of the sorew in end of upper nrm. Book keepers and others, who use Jarge, heavy books, will readily appreciate the usefulness of this invention. California Deep Well Pump. This pump, as its name indicates, isn California invention, pstented July 15th 1873. One of the figures shown on this page represents the pump snspended in a hored well; and the otherisa transverse-vertical section, showing the working portion thereof. Itis well known to farmers and others using hored wells that a single-action submerged pump, the only one heretofore adapted to hored wells, when run by horse, steam or wind power, owing to the hurden of work bsing thrown upon one stroke, gives an uneven strain upon the machinery and causes a thumping or jerking action injurious to it, and arinoying to horses when horse is power used and various means have been resorted to for remedying these evils, such as sinking donhble wells and nsing two pumps, the use of balance wheels and other expensive devices. In wells where water comes nenr enough to the surfoce to admit of using douhle action snction pumps, if the pump is run by wind-power and forced hy high wind beyond a certain speed the cylinders fail to fill with the stroke, and the mill heing relieved thereby from its work has to he “tied up’’ to prevent its “running away.” This invention wae designed for the purpose of ohviating these difficulties by fnrniehing a donble action suhmerged pnmp, which could he operated inside of the casing of hored wells, and the inventor claime that it ie the only doublo action pnmp which can thns he operated. It can of course he used in any other position in which a pump is needed, hut its construction is euch that the inside diameter, or bore of the pnmp, need he but one inch less than the diameter of the well casing;and, being enhmerged, it will fill with every stroke at any practical speed, thne keeping the strain equal upon the machiuery; and the weight of water raieed, increasing with the speed, operates aea brake to prevent wind mills from ‘‘running away.” Thie pump is admirably adapted for situations exposed to freezing, ae hy having a emall hole in the condncting pipe ata point below the freezing point, to which the water will r ecede when the pnmp is at rest, it will alwaye he ready for action. The pump is so constructed with braes and iron ae to prevant corrosion by contact of iron with iron. MORGAN’S BOOK SUP Brittan, Holhrook & Co., 111 and 113 California street, San Franoisco, are sols agents forthe manufacture and sale of these pomps, and for the sale of State and Territorial rights thronghout the United States. San Joan.—Disconraging news comes to us from the San Jnan country. The Indians on tbe route are said to be prospecting for miners’ scalps. The ronte is infested by hostile Indians. One party had two killed, one wounded, and lost all their clothing, provisions, stock, etc. ORT. The greatest danger to be anticipated from the savagesisin the spring. The Utes are reported pov iiriny, DEEP WELL PUMP. s to he trying to get the Navajoee to nnite with them in a general raid on the whites. Ricw gold-quartz digginge are reported near Silver City, but whsther it is a regular lead or only @ deposit remains to he proved. Academy of Sciences. At the regular meeting of the California Academy of Science held on Mondsy evenin; last, the following new members were elected. A. G. Btiles, Frederick Oassell, Charles Troyer, life members; James Behrens, O. E. Gibbs, Jobn McHenry, Jr., Walter Van Dyke, Carlton W. Miller, Edward Steele, James McKinley, Wilkam H. Sharpe and Josiah Belden, resident memhers. Contributions to Mussum. The museum received a considerable addition of interesting specimens as follows: From J W. Raymond, specimens comprising wolras teeth, tishing impliments, carvings, costumes, ete., from Alaska; and spears, war clabs, hunting implements, from the South Sea Islands, Mrs. Capt. Shelley, donated camples of Tapa or Kupa, a cloth mannfsctured hy natives of the Samoan Islands; also specimens of the bark from which it is made, Cspt. Eldridge gave a fine specimen of the ‘Wandering Alhatross,”” and algo a paroquet; both stuffed and mounted. Vicente Denis, of the Coast Survey, donated 4 specimens of shells, from the Kelp, off San Miguel Island, in Santa Barbara channel. From W, W. Rnssel, specimens of ‘club moss’’ from Sandwich Islands, From Alfred Gros, skeletons of male and female otter, with numerous shells, sponges, corals and other natnral curiosities from Alaska. From Mrs. A. Mc. F. Davis, several curiously formed hricks, whioh have apparently been snhjected to the action of fire, each bearing strange hieroglyphics, They were dug np near Saucelito. From Jndge Ford of Monterey, through Barry and Patten, a fossil tooth of an extinct species of shark. (Carchorodon.) It was found imbedded in the rock at Martinez, from which it was taken with hammer and chisel. This is the same tooth which was tho subject of a paper hy Dr, Blake at a recent meeting, Mr. G. F. Barker also sent through the same gentlemen a small tooth procured while digging awellatSan Bruno. The tooth is snpposed to he that of an extinct species of buffalo, (Bison Latifrons?) A medal was also received from the Royal University of Fredericiana, celebrating the thousandth snniversary of the Norwegan Kingdom, To the library, the Mexican Consul donated, a valnahle work entitled the Natnral History of Mexico. Professor Davidson announced that he had received 4 letter from Alesis Agassiz, offering the Society, according tothe expressed wish of his deceased father, a set of the Flora Brasiliensis, which work, in thirty-four volumes ‘was now on the shelves of the society. Papers Etc., A paper by W.H. Dall of the U. 8. coast survey was read, entitled Notes on the Avifauna of the Aleutinn Islands, especially those west of Unalashka; heing acontinuation of previous papers on the same subject hy Dr. Dall. R. E. 0. Stearns read an_ interesting translation from the reports of the Society for the Preservation of the Norwegian Antiquities. It doscribed the excavation of an ancient vessel, of the Viking period, found in the parish of Tane, Norway. 1t wae the custom of the Vikings to convert one of their vessels into a sarcophagus on the death of a great warrior. The vessel wae conveyed inland, the remains of the hero deposited in the hnll, with his armor, weapone, the hones of his war chargere, and the whole covered with enrth. Theee tumuli have heen discovered and excavated in various parts of Norway, and the peonliarities of ancient marine architectnre exposed for inspection. Jndge Hastings read a paper on the ‘‘ creepIng" of railroad tracks; and one on the modern style of scientific writers, in expressing themselves in treatises. The President made eome additional obsevations to the paper read at the previous meeting, which are mentioned in another column. Dr. H. C. Sill, from Montana, exhihited at the meeting skins of the Rocky Mountain goat Aplocerus Montanas, of a supposed newly discovered species. The hair ie remarkably fine in texture, and said to equal that of the Thibet goat, employed in the coetly manufacture of Cashmere.

a 1 2 aS ¥. An Iilnstrated Journal of Mining, Popular Science and Progressive Industry. BY DEWEY «& CO., Patont Sollecltors, SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, MARCH 7, 1874, VOLUME XXVIII Wumber 10. Working Claims by Tunnels. A correspondent asks ua some questions in relation to whether the work on a tnnnel looation will cover the annual expenditures reqnired on a lode, ete., the answers of which are of interest to miners generally. He says: **Near the place I reside, is a large ledge, which crops out for some distance, and which has beon located and abandoned hy several different parties. I think that if a tnnnel were rnn into the hill, so as to tap this ledge low down, good pay rock would be found. Moreover, I know of a blind ledge running parallel with, and close beside it, which I know is rich. Now, I want to work both these claims by a tunnel. Shall I make a regnlar tunnel locntion so as to catch the hlind lode—and, if I do, will the work on that tunnel serve as expenditnres on hoth olaims—or must I locate the hig ledge that crops, and the blind ledge separately? I do not want to do tbat; as I want, in some way, to work both ledges by tunnel; and make the money I spend on each cover necessary annnal expenditures on hoth ledges. One other point is that some twelve hundred feet from where I propose to work, croppings nppear, which I pose are those of my hlind ledge,”* e do not see exactly how our correspondentis to get out of paying the annnal expenditnreson both claims, even hy his tnnnel location. He cannot locate hoth claims hy a mere tnonnel location. That might cover the blind ledge, but if he began to work his tnnnel and did not first take up the big ledge some one else would do so, thinking he wonld prove its worth by his tunnel, withont cost to them. Morever he says his ‘blind ledge’’ crops ont some distance from him, in which case it is not a“hlind™ ledge atall. Again, he knows now, as perhaps do his partners or others, that this ledge exists there or he would not be so anxious to develop it; and the law plainly says that the tunnel can only give right of possession to ledges not previously known to exist, or not appearing on the snrface. If croppings of what be calls his blind lode really exist it might he traced to his location and atter he begun his tunnel there wonld be nothing to revent other parties takingitup. The large edge might or might not be touched after he began work bnt unless he regularly located it before, he could not prevent parties taking possession. The general supposition now is that work must he done on the ledge itself to cover the expenditures. Infact, an amendment to the mining act of May 10, 1872 introduced in Congress recently by delegate Chaffee of Colorado, on this very suhjeot, is now hefore the committee on mines and mining. It amends the act so as to make it declare that where a person or company shall ran a tunnel for the purpose of developing a lode or lodes, owned by said person or company, the money so expended in said tunnel shall he tsken and considered as expended on said lode or lodes, whether located prior to, or since the passnge of said act; and such person or company shall not he required to perform work on the surface of said lode or lodes, in order to hold the same as required hy said act. After consulting with several parties well qualified to jndge we do not see how onr correspondent can evade the law so as to make the work done nnewer for both claims. He muet spend at leaet $100 each year on each of his claims, or else render the one upon which no work ie done liahle to re-location. Quicksizver DiscovertEs.—The West Coast Star, published in Mendocino City, hae intelligence froma Boonville correspondent of rich cinnabar discoveries having been made in Anderson valley. The assays are very satisfactory. This adds another link to the chain of qnicksilver developments now taking place in the region of country extending from Sonoma round to Amador county. Patent Inrrmorment. — Joseph L. and James Hilton, hy their attorney, Mr. Morgan, have commenced an action in the United States Circuit Court, against B. & B. F. JackSon, of Woodland, to recover $10,000 damagee for ‘an infringement of an improvement on prain separators. A Convenient Book Support. We illustrate herewith a convenient little device for snpporting the leaves of large blank books, which is the invention of Morgan Bros., of Cincinnati, Ohio. Its dimensions nre, upright, six inches; arms three and ons-half inches. Itis made of malleable iron, polished and nickel-plated, and heing neatly finished, is quite an ornament, . It bas n decided advantsgo over the weight, as it sppports the back of the hook at any desired height, holding the page to be written upon perfectly level and firm. It is independent of the table, allowing tho hook to he moved freely withont detaching the support. Its strength will admit of resting the weight of the arm on the hook. It is very rapidly and easily adjusted, ocenpying hut afew seconds in removing and re-adjusting ona fresh pnge. It requires bnt one turn of the screw to fasten it, as the arms slide, and are adjustable at any desired point along the length of the upright; heing held by the verticsl pressnre of the sorew in end of upper nrm. Book keepers and others, who use Jarge, heavy books, will readily appreciate the usefulness of this invention. California Deep Well Pump. This pump, as its name indicates, isn California invention, pstented July 15th 1873. One of the figures shown on this page represents the pump snspended in a hored well; and the otherisa transverse-vertical section, showing the working portion thereof. Itis well known to farmers and others using hored wells that a single-action submerged pump, the only one heretofore adapted to hored wells, when run by horse, steam or wind power, owing to the hurden of work bsing thrown upon one stroke, gives an uneven strain upon the machinery and causes a thumping or jerking action injurious to it, and arinoying to horses when horse is power used and various means have been resorted to for remedying these evils, such as sinking donhble wells and nsing two pumps, the use of balance wheels and other expensive devices. In wells where water comes nenr enough to the surfoce to admit of using douhle

action snction pumps, if the pump is run by wind-power and forced hy high wind beyond a certain speed the cylinders fail to fill with the stroke, and the mill heing relieved thereby from its work has to he “tied up’’ to prevent its “running away.” This invention wae designed for the purpose of ohviating these difficulties by fnrniehing a donble action suhmerged pnmp, which could he operated inside of the casing of hored wells, and the inventor claime that it ie the only doublo action pnmp which can thns he operated. It can of course he used in any other position in which a pump is needed, hut its construction is euch that the inside diameter, or bore of the pnmp, need he but one inch less than the diameter of the well casing;and, being enhmerged, it will fill with every stroke at any practical speed, thne keeping the strain equal upon the machiuery; and the weight of water raieed, increasing with the speed, operates aea brake to prevent wind mills from ‘‘running away.” Thie pump is admirably adapted for situations exposed to freezing, ae hy having a emall hole in the condncting pipe ata point below the freezing point, to which the water will r ecede when the pnmp is at rest, it will alwaye he ready for action. The pump is so constructed with braes and iron ae to prevant corrosion by contact of iron with iron. MORGAN’S BOOK SUP Brittan, Holhrook & Co., 111 and 113 California street, San Franoisco, are sols agents forthe manufacture and sale of these pomps, and for the sale of State and Territorial rights thronghout the United States. San Joan.—Disconraging news comes to us from the San Jnan country. The Indians on tbe route are said to be prospecting for miners’ scalps. The ronte is infested by hostile Indians. One party had two killed, one wounded, and lost all their clothing, provisions, stock, etc. ORT. The greatest danger to be anticipated from the savagesisin the spring. The Utes are reported pov iiriny, DEEP WELL PUMP. s to he trying to get the Navajoee to nnite with them in a general raid on the whites. Ricw gold-quartz digginge are reported near Silver City, but whsther it is a regular lead or only @ deposit remains to he proved. Academy of Sciences. At the regular meeting of the California Academy of Science held on Mondsy evenin; last, the following new members were elected. A. G. Btiles, Frederick Oassell, Charles Troyer, life members; James Behrens, O. E. Gibbs, Jobn McHenry, Jr., Walter Van Dyke, Carlton W. Miller, Edward Steele, James McKinley, Wilkam H. Sharpe and Josiah Belden, resident memhers. Contributions to Mussum. The museum received a considerable addition of interesting specimens as follows: From J W. Raymond, specimens comprising wolras teeth, tishing impliments, carvings, costumes, ete., from Alaska; and spears, war clabs, hunting implements, from the South Sea Islands, Mrs. Capt. Shelley, donated camples of Tapa or Kupa, a cloth mannfsctured hy natives of the Samoan Islands; also specimens of the bark from which it is made, Cspt. Eldridge gave a fine specimen of the ‘Wandering Alhatross,”” and algo a paroquet; both stuffed and mounted. Vicente Denis, of the Coast Survey, donated 4 specimens of shells, from the Kelp, off San Miguel Island, in Santa Barbara channel. From W, W. Rnssel, specimens of ‘club moss’’ from Sandwich Islands, From Alfred Gros, skeletons of male and female otter, with numerous shells, sponges, corals and other natnral curiosities from Alaska. From Mrs. A. Mc. F. Davis, several curiously formed hricks, whioh have apparently been snhjected to the action of fire, each bearing strange hieroglyphics, They were dug np near Saucelito. From Jndge Ford of Monterey, through Barry and Patten, a fossil tooth of an extinct species of shark. (Carchorodon.) It was found imbedded in the rock at Martinez, from which it was taken with hammer and chisel. This is the same tooth which was tho subject of a paper hy Dr, Blake at a recent meeting, Mr. G. F. Barker also sent through the same gentlemen a small tooth procured while digging awellatSan Bruno. The tooth is snpposed to he that of an extinct species of buffalo, (Bison Latifrons?) A medal was also received from the Royal University of Fredericiana, celebrating the thousandth snniversary of the Norwegan Kingdom, To the library, the Mexican Consul donated, a valnahle work entitled the Natnral History of Mexico. Professor Davidson announced that he had received 4 letter from Alesis Agassiz, offering the Society, according tothe expressed wish of his deceased father, a set of the Flora Brasiliensis, which work, in thirty-four volumes ‘was now on the shelves of the society. Papers Etc., A paper by W.H. Dall of the U. 8. coast survey was read, entitled Notes on the Avifauna of the Aleutinn Islands, especially those west of Unalashka; heing acontinuation of previous papers on the same subject hy Dr. Dall. R. E. 0. Stearns read an_ interesting translation from the reports of the Society for the Preservation of the Norwegian Antiquities. It doscribed the excavation of an ancient vessel, of the Viking period, found in the parish of Tane, Norway. 1t wae the custom of the Vikings to convert one of their vessels into a sarcophagus on the death of a great warrior. The vessel wae conveyed inland, the remains of the hero deposited in the hnll, with his armor, weapone, the hones of his war chargere, and the whole covered with enrth. Theee tumuli have heen discovered and excavated in various parts of Norway, and the peonliarities of ancient marine architectnre exposed for inspection. Jndge Hastings read a paper on the ‘‘ creepIng" of railroad tracks; and one on the modern style of scientific writers, in expressing themselves in treatises. The President made eome additional obsevations to the paper read at the previous meeting, which are mentioned in another column. Dr. H. C. Sill, from Montana, exhihited at the meeting skins of the Rocky Mountain goat Aplocerus Montanas, of a supposed newly discovered species. The hair ie remarkably fine in texture, and said to equal that of the Thibet goat, employed in the coetly manufacture of Cashmere.