Volume 29 (1874) (428 pages)

162 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS. . [September 12, 1874. sapaine er oa TE Fairs—Exhibitions Mechanics’ Institute. Industrial of the The following article, containing many historical and other interesting facts, is copied from the San Francisco Yournal af Commerce: Fairs have been the earliest mediums of cominerce, and are much more common in the Old World than in the New. Through their means in olden days, the people of widely separated districts met amd exchanged their respective products, thus laying the foundation of the vast commercial system which has given a tone and a manner to the whole ‘of modern life, For long ages these fairs were held, growing yearly in importance till in what are now denominated the middle ages, the attendance atsome of them might be numbered by hundreds of thousands. During the last three-quarters of a century,. however, fairs in Europe have begun to die out, and to day show nothing of their old time importance save perhaps at Leipsic and Novogorod. In Central Asia, particularly in that portion which forms part of the Chinese Empire, the fairs present somewhat of the appearance that they did in Europe in the middle ages. : To fairs and to the knowledge and information imparted through their medium the human race Owes a great deal of its civilization—the accompanying games, contests and trials of skill helping tostimulate inquiry and research, and to give rise to invention. ‘To them we owe the foundation of the theater, of the musical art, and literature itself—even the almost omnipresent if not oninipotent newspaper, being merely tbe successor to the story teller, to the bearer of news, and to the glorifier in prose or poetry of the attributes and the exploits of some favorite hero. We have said that these fairs have been dying out for the last three-quarters of a century, we might almost have said for the last three centuries; but it has only been to revive again in The Monster World Fairs Inaugurated by the giant one at Greenwich, They embody all the characteristics of the ancient fairs, save those ofbuying and selling, people come together in them now solely to strive for the Palp of excellence, leaving the mercantile part or other times and more appropriate places. Few of our readers have ever been fortunate enough to be present at the great world fairs, the meeting placesof nations, but the majority are familiar with what has been done in San Francisco on a smaller scale. The managers of the Industrial Fairs here have not, as those of other lands, been enabled To Wield the Resources of Vast Nalions. With the people at large the matter has not been one of national or sectional pride—they have had to struggle along a rough and weary road, often uncheered save by the consciousness of being engaged in a just and worthy cause, and one which they felt certain was sure eventually to triumph. The Industrial Fairs of San Francisco owe their origin not to national or sectional efforts, but to the efforts of gentlemen connected with one of our most useful institutions, the Mechanics’ Institute. And as so much of the success of the vanous Industrial Fairs has been owing to it, it may not be amiss to speak briefly of its origin in connection with the history of the movement that has culminated in the grand exhibition that we make the especial object of this notice, Mechanics’ Institutes had been successes in other quarters before the idea rose of founding one in San Francisco, though it is now so long since the first meeting for the organization of one was held in San Francisco, that it almost seems to belong to another age, The First Move. The first move to organize a Mechanics’ Institute in this city was made in the latter part of 1854, by a meeting held in the office of the Tax Collector on December 11, At this meéting Mr, George K. Gluyas presided, and Mr. Roderick Mathewson acted as Secretary. Up to this time no successful attempt had been made to organize a society of mechanics; having for its object the establishment of a library, reading room, museum and other literary and scientific purposes, and excluding all political and religious matters, But matters seemed to move rather slowly for it was only on 6th of March, 1855, that a committee appointed at the previous meeting, and consisting of Messrs, Benjamin Haywood, Roderick Mathewson, John S. Williams, E. T. Steen and Henry E. Carlton, reported a series of By-Laws and a Constitution, organizing the Mechanics’ Institute, py a capital steck of $75,000, in shares of $25 each, On the 29th of March, 1855, a permanent organization was effected, with Benjamin Haywood President; John Sime, Vice-President; J. W. Brooks, Treasurer; P, B. Dexter, Recording Secretary; Wm. M. La Roche, Corresponding Secretary; and the following Directors : Gardner Elliott, S. H. Williams, JohnC. Macredy, George Cofran, James Ballentine,.Eli Cook and S. C. Bugbee. On the 2d of July, same year, Messrs. La Roche, J. W. Brooks and S. C. Bugbee resigned, and in their places were elected Messrs. Henry F, Williams, Charles H. Gough and R, R. Williams, On the 3d of October following, Mr. Haywood resigned as President, and Mr. John Sime became President, Mr. William McKibben being elected to fill thevacancy. We are thus minute in giving the names of the pioneers in the good work, as it is but right and fitting that our people should know who bore the brunt of the battle in the early days of the Institute. ceipts of the year to have been $1,106.86; disbursements of the year to have been $1,085.37. There were 487 volumes in fhe library. It is interesting to follow the history of this Institution from that time (1855), to the present, its struggle for existence and narrow escape, from death, its pertinacity and energy, and, above all, its manly independence and freedom from doubtful pecuntary schemes, slowly fighting its way to its present important position, with a membership roll of 1,400 members, 25,000 books in its library— books of the rarest value to the mechanic and scientist—an annual income of $15,000, and owning the fine building it now ‘occupies on Post street, above Montgomery. In no way has the Mechanics’ Institute so shown its usefulness to the industries and mechanic arts asin the Industrial Exhibitions held undcr its auspices, The primary object of holding such exhibitions as these was of course to raise funds for the Library, but one thing by degrees led on to another, until the movement reached its culminating point in the great series of expositions of the last two or three years, On the 15th of December, 1856, a circular was issued by the Directors, signed by Mr, H. F. Williams, who was then Corresponding Secretary, announcing that an Industrial Fair would be held in this city in September 1857, and on the seventh of that month the Fair was opened in [a building erected on the present site of the Lick House, which was some little distance from town, } and not considered at that time very central. Mr. Henry F, Williams delivered the opening address, and Mr, Edward Pollock presented a poem, We would like well to make a few extracts from both address and poem, but they would swell a newspaper article to too great a length. The lot on which the Fair was held was the property of Mr. James Lick, who gave the Institute the free use of it. The building covered an area of 20,000 feet; the exhibition being held nineteen days; the total receipts being $22,374, a profit of $2,878.48 being cleared, The names of the Managers were as follows: John Sime, Gardner Elliott, H, F. Williams, P. B. Dexter, J. E. Kincaid, Eli Cook, J. A. Banks, Isaac E, Davis, Wm, McKibben, C. L, Tayler, G. D. Street and Daniel Van Pelt, many of whom will be recognized by the present generation, The second Fair was held in the same building as the first, and opened September 2, 1858, remaining open nineteen days. The receipts were $15,541.50; expenses, $13,509.43. _ The third Fair was held in frame building erected on the same lot as before; this did not prove a success, haying run behind several thousand dollars. It opened in September, 1861, and took the society a number of years to wipe out the indebtedness incurred by the failure. Considering that they had been working so far for five years, and without result, it might have been expected that the holding of Industrial Fairs would have been abandoned, But no— The Spirit of the Men was Indomitable. The fourth Fair was held in a building erected on Union Square, having an area of 55,000 feet. The expense of erecting this building was met by a loan, without interest, made to the managers by liberal citizens of San Francisco, and which was repaid from the receipts of the Fair. The receipts were $41,579.55, and the disbursements were $38,737.64. , The fifth Fair was held in the same building as the preceeding one, opening on the roth of August and closing on the 9th of September, 1865. The receipts were $32,133.25, and the expenses were $15,391.53. The success of this—netting nearly $17,000 —was so marked that the managers were encouraged to attempt the holding ofA Monster Fair. And so the sixth Fair was held in a new building erected on Union Square in 1868, having an area of 75,000 feet. It was opened on the &th of Augnst and closed on the 12th of September. The receipts were’$58,402.83, the expenditures being $62,645.36. ‘The building wasmuch larger than any previous one, and the money for its construction was borrowed from the citizens of San Francisco without interest, and repaid from the receipts of the Fair, The opening address was delivered by Hon. Newton Booth. It was a success from every point of view save a pecuniary one, and thenecessity of making up for the loss caused the holding of another Fair in the following year, 5 The seventh Fair, held in the same building as the sixth, opened on the 14th of September and closed on the 30th of October, 1869, area of building being increased to 87,000 feet. The total receipts were $70,701.06, and the total disbursements were $44,929.13. The eighth Fair was also held in the same building, which had been enlarged ‘2 100,000 feet, and was opened on _ the 8th of August and closed on the 7th of September, 1871. The total receipts were $62,846, and the total disbursements $30,991.91. This Fair was held shortly before the great Chicago fire, and $1,000 was appropriated by the Institute to assist the sufferers. The principal exhibits at these Fairs were of California manufacture; and, as a matter of interest, showing somewhat the progress in manufactures, we append a table of the size of each building, number of exhibitors at each Fair and the average space required by each exhibitor at the respective Faigs. a 1857 . 1858 . 1864 . 1865 1868} 1869 . 18746 "ng 75000. 87 900) To0000 No of Exhibitors} 650] 575} 717] 585} 647] 826} 1020 Ftto Exhibitor. 3:1 431 771 zo4. xxzl tos 98 The last item shows the increased importance of each exhibit, from the amount of space required. The Fairs of 1869 and 1871 being held in The first annual report showed the totai re-. the same building as that of 1869, although increased in size, did not furnisb sufficient room to meet the demands of the increased number of exhibitors. The first Fair held by the Mechanics’ Institute, demonstrated the fact that the seed had been sown that was to bear such good fruit té the manufacturing industries of this State, and that it only required such exhibitions as these to develop its natural resources, For instance, in the first Fair we find specimens of coal from Bellingham and Coos Bay, borax from Alkali (in Clear Lake), ores of gold and copper -from California, of silver and copper from the Gadsden Purchase (Arizona), California made boots by Holcomb & Dole, paper by S. P. Taylor, crackers. by Deeth & Starr, cordage by Tubbs & Co., cigars of native tobacco by I. Braverman, a silk winder by Ebenezer Smith, silkworms and specimens of silk by F, W. Jackson, specimens of beet root sugar by Eugene Delessert of San Jose, a sketch of YosemiteValley by J. M. Hutchins. At this time California was not yet a producer—manufactures, it might be said, she had none, while the golden grain fields of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin ‘valleys, the hundreds of green, grape covered slopes, and the millions of white wooled sheep grazing on a thousand hills, existed but in the imagination of the dreaming enthusiast. But the exhibits even at thisearly period in the history of the State gave Promise of a Better Day, And so we trace through each exbibition new branches of manufacture, newly discovered _natural products, new arts, each containing an . idea for something still newer, and awakening latent ideas or developing new ones in the brain of the observer and thinker; in fact each Fair forms a complete chapter in thehistory of local progress, and there can be no more valuable a channel of information to the people. It is an encyslopedia and advertisement combined into a kind of birds-eye directory. The Sonora Company. It was our pleasure this morning, says the San Diego World, to meet Colone! William Boyle, of London, England, who arrived inthe city to-day ou the “‘Orizaba,” en route to Arizona. This gentleman represents the above named company in the capacity of Mining Hugineer and Superintendent of the mines. A brief sketch of the objecte of this powerful organization may be of interest: The Sonora company was incorporated.for the purpose of working certain mineral estates in the Territory of Arizona and the adjoining State of Souora, iu Mexico. The first property acqnired by the company is the eetate of Santa Rita, and other tracts, on the Santa Cruz river near the proposed line of the Texas and Pacific Railway. The minee on this property were known to the early Spaniards, and are spoken of by the Jesuit Fathers, and in Ward'e “Mexico” as extremely rich. They were worked by an American company until the civil war and Indian depreda. tions caused a euspension of operatione. The tract of land contains upwards of 100,000 acres, comprising 100 or more veins of ore, mostly silver and lead, with an average yield of more than $100 per ton. The company hae also purchased the celebrated estate of Arivaca, one of the most famous mining haciendas in Arizona or northem Mexico, This property comprises a valley of land eurrounded by mineral mountains, and hae the advantage of covering the only living water within a radius of 10 miles. The mines attached to the Arivaca estate oontain more refractory ores than those of Santa Rita; but this ie compeusated by the greater value of product, eome of the oree baving yielded £100 per ton, and the average for several years not having fallen below £50 per ton. The company now purpoee commencing operations immediately, and Col. Boyle feete pratified that the operations of the company will be principally carried on in the ‘Territory of Arizona, it being preferable that all transactions be msde under the jurisdiction of the United States government, having for protection the federal laws and courte, Smat~ Busrnzess.—The doorkeepers at the Mechanics’ Institute Exhibition still contmue to confizcate goodly numbers of season tickets. It seeme etrange tbat men who would scom to come into the fraudulent posseseion of a half dollar in the ordinary course of things, should not scruple to attempt to cheat the managers of the Fair out of that sum by lending their ticket or borrowiug one from somebody. Every effort that is made to get into the Pavilion on a season ticket not purchased by the person presenting it, shows that two people are willing to be dishonest at the small price of fifty cents for the pair. The number and respectability of the parties detected in this infinitesimal business is hoth laughable and melancholy. In most cases it is only with discovery that the meannese of their conduct flashes upon them, Not a few seem very glad to sacrifice the five dollar ticket for the piivilege of getting out of the way in the shortest possible time. Others make the most ludicrous attempts to lie ont of their difficulty, and in spite of the laughter and scorn of bystanders hang on to the remorseless doorkeeper until that enduring functionary losee all patience and threatens arrest. The astonishment of all at the inexplicable acuteness of the ticket taker ie very funny. Never was there a more undignified position, and it is a mystery paet understanding that a man with ordinary vanity, let alone eelf-respect, shonld snbject himself to ' of saving four bits, the possibility of such humiliation for the sake . Quartz Mines of Washington and Eureka. There at pressnt but fsw miues workiug in these -districts, but considerable prospscting is going on and srs long they will command the attention of capitalists and be sought aftar as tbey dsserve. At or 9 littls balow the towu of Washington, ws find Oaptain Miller, of the Dartmouth gravel mins in this place, opening up a new mine, which from reports promises well. The location is good, the ledge 1s large, and haviug a good water-power, the cost of mining and milling will be so small that a low aysrage ore will pay. : On Diamond creek, the Comanche is working @ small force with excellent prospects in shaft. At the South Yuba, Messrs. Jonas & Moore ars getting in their wintsr supplies and repairing their mill and flume. On the other ridge ws find the Lindssy mine at work with a small force. “They bave a large ledge, which has the appsarance of being exeslient milling rock, Farther down the river we come to Cajion creek, at ths month of which is Cajion creek mine; a finely located property, havinka prominent ledge cropping out boldly from the creek tothe summit of the mountain, about 2,500 feet above. Mr. Samuel Locke, formerly of Grass Valley, has the management of this mine, , and the developments consist in tunnels driven in on the ledge at five different levels, a distance of 100,or 250 feet, in all of which good pay ore is in sight; the ledge being from five to eight feet in thiokness. They have as fine a ten-stamp gold mill as there is in the State, of which Mr. Samuel McCurdy, formerly of Gold Hill, Nevada, from whom we gatbered many interesting facts about this enterprise, is euperintendent. Connected with the property and making a part thereof, are a hoardiug house, office and other buildings; also 160 acres of choice timber and one of the best water powers in the State; capable of running 100 stamps. Taking into consideratiou the short leugth of time since work was begun here, they have accomplished wonders, and, as Mac. says, now don’t need to care whether school keeps or not, as they have everything in shape for working to advantage. Climbing to Gaston Ridge, the first mine we come to is the Treasury, owned by Mesars, Cowls and Maybank. They have eunk a shaft about 30 fest deep and thence drifted through their ledge, which ishere about 20 feet wide and shows wellin free gold and sulphurets. The claim is 1,500 feet long and the ledge is traceable the whole distance. A small lot sent below and worked by mill process paid $42.79 per ton, Work is also being pushed on what is known ae the old California or Gaetou Ridge mine. they lave recently cut through a ledge of very rich quartz some two-feet wide, and we underetand it is the intention of the owners to erect a mill this fall. Next we pass to Eureka township, where the quartz interest is looking brighter than for some time past, Ashort distance east of Grauiteville is the Liberty mine, which we understand has just changed hands, and the new owners intend to thoroughly open it up. The quartz from thie mine paid well from the eurface down, a ledge from five to nine feet thick giving a mill average of from $12 to $19 per tou.The old National ie also being worked with very satiefactory results. A tunnel ie driving in on the ledge about 100 feet lower down than it was ever before opened, and tbe quartz looks fine. This is one of the old minee of this district. Judge Walsh and Col. Raymond in-1855 built a 4-stamp mill on it, which was run very successfully for a number of years, the quartz paving $12 to 314 perton. This mill was destroyed by fire in 1859, and the company being scattered, the mine lay idle until about two years ago, when it paesed into the hands of Mr. Francis Henry, of Moore’e Flat, who is now opening itup. This property ie finely situated and can be worked very cheaply, as the right to 80 inches of water with 100-foot pressure, from one of the ditches, goee with it. We understand the owner has been offered, but refused, a coneiderable eum for thie property. The Republican, a first southerly extension of the National, has a large amount of quartz in sight which prospects well, and with other great advantages it does really eeem strange that it is in agreat measure lying idle. The main ledge is here 20 ft. thick, with large spurs putting in at intervale all along down the hill, from the hanging wall side. The general course of the ledge is nearly north and eouth, dip east and in elute formation. The owners are too poor to put up a mill, or thie would now be a paying mine. They have a ehaft down 50 ft. and a drift through the ledge, which here shows gold and galena, alsu a tunnel 90 ft. long, lower down the hill with a crose-cut at ite face. There ie one thing remarkable about this ledge: A large clay gouge is found on the west wall at every opening made. Here is a good chance for inveetment, and the ownersinvite a rigid examination by parties wishing to purchase.—oothill Tiding s. Loanine Hay.—A provisional epecification describes an endlese band elevator in a rear of arake composed of parallel teeth which rest upon the ground with their points slightly raised. The rakee collect the crop from off the ground, and as the crop passes to the rear of the rake it is taken hy the teeth of the endless band elevator, and is by it elevated and deposited into u ehute, by which it ie delivered into the cart or wagon.

162 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS. . [September 12, 1874. sapaine er oa TE Fairs—Exhibitions Mechanics’ Institute. Industrial of the The following article, containing many historical and other interesting facts, is copied from the San Francisco Yournal af Commerce: Fairs have been the earliest mediums of cominerce, and are much more common in the Old World than in the New. Through their means in olden days, the people of widely separated districts met amd exchanged their respective products, thus laying the foundation of the vast commercial system which has given a tone and a manner to the whole ‘of modern life, For long ages these fairs were held, growing yearly in importance till in what are now denominated the middle ages, the attendance atsome of them might be numbered by hundreds of thousands. During the last three-quarters of a century,. however, fairs in Europe have begun to die out, and to day show nothing of their old time importance save perhaps at Leipsic and Novogorod. In Central Asia, particularly in that portion which forms part of the Chinese Empire, the fairs present somewhat of the appearance that they did in Europe in the middle ages. : To fairs and to the knowledge and information imparted through their medium the human race Owes a great deal of its civilization—the accompanying games, contests and trials of skill helping tostimulate inquiry and research, and to give rise to invention. ‘To them we owe the foundation of the theater, of the musical art, and literature itself—even the almost omnipresent if not oninipotent newspaper, being merely tbe successor to the story teller, to the bearer of news, and to the glorifier in prose or poetry of the attributes and the exploits of some favorite hero. We have said that these fairs have been dying out for the last three-quarters of a century, we might almost have said for the last three centuries; but it has only been to revive again in The Monster World Fairs Inaugurated by the giant one at Greenwich, They embody all the characteristics of the ancient fairs, save those ofbuying and selling, people come together in them now solely to strive for the Palp of excellence, leaving the mercantile part or other times and more appropriate places. Few of our readers have ever been fortunate enough to be present at the great world fairs, the meeting placesof nations, but the majority are familiar with what has been done in San Francisco on a smaller scale. The managers of the Industrial Fairs here have not, as those of other lands, been enabled To Wield the Resources of Vast Nalions. With the people at large the matter has not been one of national or sectional pride—they have had to struggle along a rough and weary road, often uncheered save by the consciousness of being engaged in a just and worthy cause, and one which they felt certain was sure eventually to triumph. The Industrial Fairs of San Francisco owe their origin not to national or sectional efforts, but to the efforts of gentlemen connected with one of our most useful institutions, the Mechanics’ Institute. And as so much of the success of the vanous Industrial Fairs has been owing to it, it may not be amiss to speak briefly of its origin in connection with the history of the movement that has culminated in the grand exhibition that we make the especial object of this notice, Mechanics’ Institutes had been successes in other quarters before the idea rose of founding one in San Francisco, though it is now so long since the first meeting for the organization of one was held in San Francisco, that it almost seems to belong to another age, The First Move. The first move to organize a Mechanics’ Institute in this city was made in the latter part of 1854, by a meeting held in the office of the Tax Collector on December 11, At this meéting Mr, George K. Gluyas presided, and Mr. Roderick Mathewson acted as Secretary. Up to this time no successful attempt had been made to organize a society of mechanics; having for its object the establishment of a library, reading room, museum and other literary and scientific purposes, and excluding all political and religious matters, But matters seemed to move rather slowly for it was only on 6th of March, 1855, that a committee appointed at the previous meeting, and consisting of Messrs, Benjamin Haywood, Roderick Mathewson, John S. Williams, E. T. Steen and Henry E. Carlton, reported a series of By-Laws and a Constitution, organizing the Mechanics’ Institute, py a capital steck of $75,000, in shares of $25 each, On the 29th of March, 1855, a permanent organization was effected, with Benjamin Haywood President; John Sime, Vice-President; J. W. Brooks, Treasurer; P, B. Dexter, Recording Secretary; Wm. M. La Roche, Corresponding Secretary; and the following Directors : Gardner Elliott, S. H. Williams, JohnC. Macredy, George Cofran, James Ballentine,.Eli Cook and S. C. Bugbee. On the 2d of July, same year, Messrs. La Roche, J. W. Brooks and S. C. Bugbee resigned, and in their places were elected Messrs. Henry F, Williams, Charles H. Gough and R, R. Williams, On the 3d of October following, Mr. Haywood resigned as President, and Mr. John Sime became President, Mr. William McKibben being elected to fill thevacancy. We are thus minute in giving the names of the pioneers in the good work, as it is but right and fitting that our people should know who bore the brunt of the battle in the early days of the Institute. ceipts of the year to have been $1,106.86; disbursements of the year to have been $1,085.37. There were 487 volumes in fhe library. It is interesting to follow the history of this Institution from that time (1855), to the present, its struggle for existence and narrow escape, from death, its pertinacity and energy, and, above all, its manly independence and freedom from doubtful pecuntary schemes, slowly fighting its way to its present important position, with a membership roll of 1,400 members, 25,000 books in its library— books of the rarest value to the mechanic and scientist—an annual income of $15,000, and owning the fine building it now ‘occupies on Post street, above Montgomery. In no way has the Mechanics’ Institute so shown its usefulness to the industries and mechanic arts asin the Industrial Exhibitions held undcr its auspices, The primary object of holding such exhibitions as these was of course to raise funds for the Library, but one thing by degrees led on to another, until the movement reached its culminating point in the great series of expositions of the last two or three years, On the 15th of December, 1856, a circular was issued by the Directors, signed by Mr, H. F. Williams, who was then Corresponding Secretary, announcing that an Industrial Fair would be held in this city in September 1857, and on the seventh of that month the Fair was opened in [a building erected on the present site of the Lick House, which was some little distance from town, } and not considered at that time very central. Mr. Henry F, Williams delivered the opening address, and Mr, Edward Pollock presented a poem, We would like well to make a few extracts from both address and poem, but they would swell a newspaper article to too great a length. The lot on which the Fair was held was the property of Mr. James Lick, who gave the Institute the free use of it. The building covered an area of 20,000 feet; the exhibition being held nineteen days; the total receipts being $22,374, a profit of $2,878.48 being cleared, The names of the Managers were as follows: John Sime, Gardner Elliott, H, F. Williams, P. B. Dexter, J. E. Kincaid, Eli Cook, J. A. Banks, Isaac E, Davis, Wm, McKibben, C. L, Tayler, G. D. Street and Daniel Van Pelt, many of whom will be recognized by the present generation, The second Fair was held in the same building as the first, and opened September 2, 1858, remaining open nineteen days. The receipts were $15,541.50; expenses, $13,509.43. _ The third Fair was held in frame building erected on the same lot as before; this did not prove a success, haying run behind several thousand dollars. It opened in September, 1861, and took the society a number of years to wipe out the indebtedness incurred by the failure. Considering that they had been working so far for five years, and without result, it might have been expected that the holding of Industrial Fairs would have been abandoned, But no— The Spirit of the Men was Indomitable. The fourth Fair was held in a building erected on Union Square, having an area of 55,000 feet. The expense of erecting this building was met by a loan, without interest, made to the managers by liberal citizens of San Francisco, and which was repaid from the receipts of the Fair. The receipts were $41,579.55, and the disbursements were $38,737.64. , The fifth Fair was held in the same building as the preceeding one, opening on the roth of August and closing on the 9th of September, 1865. The receipts were $32,133.25, and the expenses were $15,391.53. The success of this—netting nearly $17,000 —was so marked that the managers were encouraged to attempt the holding ofA Monster Fair. And so the sixth Fair was held in a new building erected on Union Square in 1868, having an area of 75,000 feet. It was opened on the &th of Augnst and closed on the 12th of September. The receipts were’$58,402.83, the expenditures being $62,645.36. ‘The building wasmuch larger than any previous one, and the money for its construction was borrowed from the citizens of San Francisco without interest, and repaid from the receipts of the Fair, The opening address was delivered by Hon. Newton Booth. It was a success from every point of view save a pecuniary one, and thenecessity of making up for the loss caused the holding of another Fair in the following year, 5 The seventh Fair, held in the same building as the sixth, opened on the 14th of September and closed on the 30th of October, 1869, area of building being increased to 87,000 feet. The total receipts were $70,701.06, and the total disbursements were $44,929.13. The eighth Fair was also held in the same building, which had been enlarged ‘2 100,000 feet, and was opened on _ the 8th of August and closed on the 7th of September, 1871. The total receipts were $62,846, and the total disbursements $30,991.91. This Fair was held shortly before the great Chicago fire, and $1,000 was appropriated by the Institute to assist the sufferers. The principal exhibits at these Fairs were of California manufacture; and, as a matter of interest, showing somewhat the progress in manufactures, we append a table of the size of each building, number of exhibitors at each Fair and the average space required by each exhibitor at the respective Faigs. a 1857 . 1858 . 1864 . 1865 1868} 1869 . 18746 "ng 75000. 87 900) To0000 No of Exhibitors} 650] 575} 717] 585} 647] 826} 1020 Ftto Exhibitor. 3:1 431 771 zo4. xxzl tos 98 The last item shows the increased importance of each exhibit, from the amount of space required. The Fairs of 1869 and 1871 being held in The first annual report showed the totai re-. the same building as that of 1869, although increased in size, did not furnisb sufficient room to meet the demands of the increased number of exhibitors. The first Fair held by the Mechanics’ Institute,

demonstrated the fact that the seed had been sown that was to bear such good fruit té the manufacturing industries of this State, and that it only required such exhibitions as these to develop its natural resources, For instance, in the first Fair we find specimens of coal from Bellingham and Coos Bay, borax from Alkali (in Clear Lake), ores of gold and copper -from California, of silver and copper from the Gadsden Purchase (Arizona), California made boots by Holcomb & Dole, paper by S. P. Taylor, crackers. by Deeth & Starr, cordage by Tubbs & Co., cigars of native tobacco by I. Braverman, a silk winder by Ebenezer Smith, silkworms and specimens of silk by F, W. Jackson, specimens of beet root sugar by Eugene Delessert of San Jose, a sketch of YosemiteValley by J. M. Hutchins. At this time California was not yet a producer—manufactures, it might be said, she had none, while the golden grain fields of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin ‘valleys, the hundreds of green, grape covered slopes, and the millions of white wooled sheep grazing on a thousand hills, existed but in the imagination of the dreaming enthusiast. But the exhibits even at thisearly period in the history of the State gave Promise of a Better Day, And so we trace through each exbibition new branches of manufacture, newly discovered _natural products, new arts, each containing an . idea for something still newer, and awakening latent ideas or developing new ones in the brain of the observer and thinker; in fact each Fair forms a complete chapter in thehistory of local progress, and there can be no more valuable a channel of information to the people. It is an encyslopedia and advertisement combined into a kind of birds-eye directory. The Sonora Company. It was our pleasure this morning, says the San Diego World, to meet Colone! William Boyle, of London, England, who arrived inthe city to-day ou the “‘Orizaba,” en route to Arizona. This gentleman represents the above named company in the capacity of Mining Hugineer and Superintendent of the mines. A brief sketch of the objecte of this powerful organization may be of interest: The Sonora company was incorporated.for the purpose of working certain mineral estates in the Territory of Arizona and the adjoining State of Souora, iu Mexico. The first property acqnired by the company is the eetate of Santa Rita, and other tracts, on the Santa Cruz river near the proposed line of the Texas and Pacific Railway. The minee on this property were known to the early Spaniards, and are spoken of by the Jesuit Fathers, and in Ward'e “Mexico” as extremely rich. They were worked by an American company until the civil war and Indian depreda. tions caused a euspension of operatione. The tract of land contains upwards of 100,000 acres, comprising 100 or more veins of ore, mostly silver and lead, with an average yield of more than $100 per ton. The company hae also purchased the celebrated estate of Arivaca, one of the most famous mining haciendas in Arizona or northem Mexico, This property comprises a valley of land eurrounded by mineral mountains, and hae the advantage of covering the only living water within a radius of 10 miles. The mines attached to the Arivaca estate oontain more refractory ores than those of Santa Rita; but this ie compeusated by the greater value of product, eome of the oree baving yielded £100 per ton, and the average for several years not having fallen below £50 per ton. The company now purpoee commencing operations immediately, and Col. Boyle feete pratified that the operations of the company will be principally carried on in the ‘Territory of Arizona, it being preferable that all transactions be msde under the jurisdiction of the United States government, having for protection the federal laws and courte, Smat~ Busrnzess.—The doorkeepers at the Mechanics’ Institute Exhibition still contmue to confizcate goodly numbers of season tickets. It seeme etrange tbat men who would scom to come into the fraudulent posseseion of a half dollar in the ordinary course of things, should not scruple to attempt to cheat the managers of the Fair out of that sum by lending their ticket or borrowiug one from somebody. Every effort that is made to get into the Pavilion on a season ticket not purchased by the person presenting it, shows that two people are willing to be dishonest at the small price of fifty cents for the pair. The number and respectability of the parties detected in this infinitesimal business is hoth laughable and melancholy. In most cases it is only with discovery that the meannese of their conduct flashes upon them, Not a few seem very glad to sacrifice the five dollar ticket for the piivilege of getting out of the way in the shortest possible time. Others make the most ludicrous attempts to lie ont of their difficulty, and in spite of the laughter and scorn of bystanders hang on to the remorseless doorkeeper until that enduring functionary losee all patience and threatens arrest. The astonishment of all at the inexplicable acuteness of the ticket taker ie very funny. Never was there a more undignified position, and it is a mystery paet understanding that a man with ordinary vanity, let alone eelf-respect, shonld snbject himself to ' of saving four bits, the possibility of such humiliation for the sake . Quartz Mines of Washington and Eureka. There at pressnt but fsw miues workiug in these -districts, but considerable prospscting is going on and srs long they will command the attention of capitalists and be sought aftar as tbey dsserve. At or 9 littls balow the towu of Washington, ws find Oaptain Miller, of the Dartmouth gravel mins in this place, opening up a new mine, which from reports promises well. The location is good, the ledge 1s large, and haviug a good water-power, the cost of mining and milling will be so small that a low aysrage ore will pay. : On Diamond creek, the Comanche is working @ small force with excellent prospects in shaft. At the South Yuba, Messrs. Jonas & Moore ars getting in their wintsr supplies and repairing their mill and flume. On the other ridge ws find the Lindssy mine at work with a small force. “They bave a large ledge, which has the appsarance of being exeslient milling rock, Farther down the river we come to Cajion creek, at ths month of which is Cajion creek mine; a finely located property, havinka prominent ledge cropping out boldly from the creek tothe summit of the mountain, about 2,500 feet above. Mr. Samuel Locke, formerly of Grass Valley, has the management of this mine, , and the developments consist in tunnels driven in on the ledge at five different levels, a distance of 100,or 250 feet, in all of which good pay ore is in sight; the ledge being from five to eight feet in thiokness. They have as fine a ten-stamp gold mill as there is in the State, of which Mr. Samuel McCurdy, formerly of Gold Hill, Nevada, from whom we gatbered many interesting facts about this enterprise, is euperintendent. Connected with the property and making a part thereof, are a hoardiug house, office and other buildings; also 160 acres of choice timber and one of the best water powers in the State; capable of running 100 stamps. Taking into consideratiou the short leugth of time since work was begun here, they have accomplished wonders, and, as Mac. says, now don’t need to care whether school keeps or not, as they have everything in shape for working to advantage. Climbing to Gaston Ridge, the first mine we come to is the Treasury, owned by Mesars, Cowls and Maybank. They have eunk a shaft about 30 fest deep and thence drifted through their ledge, which ishere about 20 feet wide and shows wellin free gold and sulphurets. The claim is 1,500 feet long and the ledge is traceable the whole distance. A small lot sent below and worked by mill process paid $42.79 per ton, Work is also being pushed on what is known ae the old California or Gaetou Ridge mine. they lave recently cut through a ledge of very rich quartz some two-feet wide, and we underetand it is the intention of the owners to erect a mill this fall. Next we pass to Eureka township, where the quartz interest is looking brighter than for some time past, Ashort distance east of Grauiteville is the Liberty mine, which we understand has just changed hands, and the new owners intend to thoroughly open it up. The quartz from thie mine paid well from the eurface down, a ledge from five to nine feet thick giving a mill average of from $12 to $19 per tou.The old National ie also being worked with very satiefactory results. A tunnel ie driving in on the ledge about 100 feet lower down than it was ever before opened, and tbe quartz looks fine. This is one of the old minee of this district. Judge Walsh and Col. Raymond in-1855 built a 4-stamp mill on it, which was run very successfully for a number of years, the quartz paving $12 to 314 perton. This mill was destroyed by fire in 1859, and the company being scattered, the mine lay idle until about two years ago, when it paesed into the hands of Mr. Francis Henry, of Moore’e Flat, who is now opening itup. This property ie finely situated and can be worked very cheaply, as the right to 80 inches of water with 100-foot pressure, from one of the ditches, goee with it. We understand the owner has been offered, but refused, a coneiderable eum for thie property. The Republican, a first southerly extension of the National, has a large amount of quartz in sight which prospects well, and with other great advantages it does really eeem strange that it is in agreat measure lying idle. The main ledge is here 20 ft. thick, with large spurs putting in at intervale all along down the hill, from the hanging wall side. The general course of the ledge is nearly north and eouth, dip east and in elute formation. The owners are too poor to put up a mill, or thie would now be a paying mine. They have a ehaft down 50 ft. and a drift through the ledge, which here shows gold and galena, alsu a tunnel 90 ft. long, lower down the hill with a crose-cut at ite face. There ie one thing remarkable about this ledge: A large clay gouge is found on the west wall at every opening made. Here is a good chance for inveetment, and the ownersinvite a rigid examination by parties wishing to purchase.—oothill Tiding s. Loanine Hay.—A provisional epecification describes an endlese band elevator in a rear of arake composed of parallel teeth which rest upon the ground with their points slightly raised. The rakee collect the crop from off the ground, and as the crop passes to the rear of the rake it is taken hy the teeth of the endless band elevator, and is by it elevated and deposited into u ehute, by which it ie delivered into the cart or wagon.