Volume 29 (1874) (428 pages)

September 12, 1874-] MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS. 169 converted loto things of use and valve Is wids andvarons. Yet nearly everything in this direction which we see or nse, rave coms nf the simpleat forms of marhinery and tools, has beeu devised within the last huudred years. Scarce a single centory has elansed vince every thread nsed in tho mavnfactore of cotton, woo!, flax and si k, ibronghout the world, was spnn xing’yby tho fingers of tbe spinners, aided simply by that avcient and time-honored inatrament—tho domestic spiuning wueel! In 1764 an eight-bavded sapinuer—the ‘Jenny,” gprong fromthe genins of Hargroaves. Two ye-ra laler the more wonderfal invention of Arkwright wos brought out, aud five years later, in 1774 -just one hundred years ago—tho happy thought struck the mind of Crompton to cowhine these two ideas; aud «a machine was devised by which a bundred spindles were placcd nnder the portect control of a singlo per-on, hnt stil turned hy acrank. Soon aftor Kell-y, uf Lanark. subs'ituted water for man power, which was in tora snpp antced hy the more snht e ageucy of steam, directed by the mighty geoins of Watt. From these crude heginnings the moro porfect and elegant apinning machines ot the pr sent dsy have gradnully grown into exist-nee, notil now many thousands of spindles may he seen in asinglo room, drawing ont, twisting and windiug up with n degree of perfection which no human haud can attain, as mary thonsands of threads—n ecene magieal to the eye, producing effects thathave rev0 utiowized tho world and mu:to pos-ihle tho ex st-nce of thonsands on lands where tens only could have existed before ! The progress in theart of epinving may be tuken as a fair oxamplo of the improvements which havo heeu wronght ia almoet every other eles of prodvo'ive indnst'y—whether in the house, shep field or miuo. Tue rapid progress toward precisinn «f execntion and hich finish made in the mannfactare of all descriptions of machinery andthe work dove hy the same, ia what mukes the past centnry the most wonderful of all the thousauds whioh htve preced d it. Volumes, nay a whole librsry might be written npon this euhject by our best avd most practical writers, and sul! not the one-balf be told even.of the past; but what of the future—who can tell ? A few brief observations in regard to machinery in general is all we have room for in this connection. Not the least among the recept ndvauces made in mechanical and coustructive scienve are those in respect to theincreased pertection of workmanship manifested jin the general arrangem: nts of the parts of the machives themselves. Thie may be seen in mauy of the great variety of machines which are yearly sent forth to proclaim the new and constantly increasing triamphs of mind over matter, and has been ia a large degree hrought abont by the Americanidca of making all the d.ficrent parte of a machine ivterchai geahle. This is wuat has made a Colt’e pistol, a Remingtou rifle, a cheap and good ‘American watch’ and aeewinz machine practical. The snecess which bas thus heen introduced into a fow speci tities must eventurlly hsovme almost or quite universal. It has already, within a few vears, been iutrodoced into several small portahle enginee—vota!ly the Baxter engine, and isto many agticn urs] implements. To effet snch a reeulr, in most kinde of machines, ie impos-itlo hy the old method of hand work. Hence it often occurs that one of the first things an invevtor hae to do tn render his invention practicahle, is to invent another machive with which to mauufaoture that which he hae just devieed to perform eome importaut service in the factory, shop or field. Un ‘il within 60 or .70 years nearly all finiehing snd shaping had to be dune by mere manual labor. We were entirely depeudent on the dexterity of the hand and the correctness of the eye for precision in all the details of a mschive. Wehad no mechanical substitute for the human havd for applying and directing the motion of a cutting tovl. It is only ahout 50 years since even eo simp‘e 2 principle as that involved in the slide wse ivtrodnced into tools and machines tor the construction of micbinery—a principle which ie now almet universally employ d for holding, applying and directing the edze of & cutting instrnment to the surface of the work to be cut. By the use of this principle we are now enabled to cause the tool toso move aloag ur aoross the enrface of an object with such precision, that, withont any aid trom the hand, a workman is ahle to produce lines, planes, circles, cylinders, cones and spheree with a degree of acenracy which no amount of experience conld give to the hand, avd with an ease and rapidity wherein a single machioe can 1epresrnt bundreds of buman hands. Tbe eame priucinle, in a modified form, ie npplied to every lathe, to the p'aniug muschioe, the sloitng engine, the drilling machive, etc., etc. Simple as is thie device, its application in i'e varione modified forms ie of evercely less imporlauce then wus she invention of the s'eam engine itself. Indeed, wiihoutit, the steam engine, in anything Jike its pre-ent per'ection, could never hive had an exi-teace, What engiveer wonld nndertako to turn ont «a cylinder for one of our China etzamers ee nothing hut a file as a substitute for a lathe ? It is to heregretied that eo little attention . has he p paid to securing a prooer exbihitivun of machinery at the present Fnir. With the exception of the printing press, and machinery chietly iuvelving the nse of eawe for cutting, we find very li tle on exbihition in the way of hand or maohine tools, or machinery for manufacturing purposes. The exhihition of agri° onltural machinery is very flne—tho best ever : made in the Stote. The show of pnmps is also large and interesting. Silk Manulaclures. F This departmevt affords hut few articles uf general interest. The only specimen ul machinery for producing spun or woven goods is aiogle loom exhibited by A. Viannay, of No. 1214 Stockton street, who bae there commencod in a small way the mavn‘ncture of silk dress’ eonds. He shows une of his noms in operation uear and ju-t to the left of the main fountain. Hoalso exbihits several pieces of dress goods woven by bims-lf. They are very superior ia qual ty, and deservedly worthy of attention, Mr. Viannay was formerly a silk weaver in France, and obtains bis spun tilk from the city of Lyous. He warrants bis manufactures not to ont er retain dust. Thoy aro made by the same process as tho silk manufactured by the Bonnet Silk Faotory of Lvous. The California Silk Manu‘acturing Company, whose ralesroom ia at 566 Market s'reet, make a bine oxhbibition of tho products of their manufacture. We notice ¢mbrvidery silk, hnttonbolo taist, machive silk dyed and ready for spoeling, the s:me with gam ex'racted snd ready for dying, and the sume again exhibited on 100-vard spools. They nlso exhibit hair silk, ond tram for weavers’ an‘! frinze makers’ nie. ie IN a will gradually oume np from its sexeon of fol'y and delnsion, Honor and enoouragement should be given to the few men who are uow engaged In giving the business a fair, honest trial. Silk menufoctnring at the East, in allits forme —as sewing silks, rihhovs, dress goods, fringes, ete., has already secured a firm footing. and has proven a most promising and lucrative basinesi. New England, New York, New J+rsey and the city of Philadelphia have a large amonnt of capi‘al thus invested. May we not hope that the day is not far d stant when the the Sierras wil hecome »s famous for thor these slopes havo long heen for precious mets, and the volteys and plaius for tbe golden grain that has fed and nourished the nat.ons of Europe? Barnes’ Plaiting Machine. Mr. Barnes exhibi's a very ingenious machine, which nttracts uch attenti u, and which manufao' ure. Pair, and is a right “jolly” prece of mechanism. ae figures. TT ‘i Ju LEFFEL’S IMPROVED PATENT GLOBE CASING. spun and twisted eilk goods can he made here of as good quality as avy which can be imported. Owing to the failure to produce the raw silk h-re, as ahove noted, this company obtains all iteraw material from abroad —China, we believe. The exbihit of cocoons, etc., which has pre sented such a marked t:ature at moet ot onr former exhibitions, is now conepicuone only hy its entire ahsence; thue we have ahsolu'ely nothing in the wxy of cocoons or the California product from the eame, to chow as the result of the many and costly efforts heretofore made to introduce culture of silk from the cocoons into this St:te. California is, heyond question, most admirably adupted for eilk culiare—so admitted universally by the heet practical experts fr m abroad, who have studied our climate wth reference tothe matter. ‘Ihe finest covoons exhibited at the Paris Exposition in 1867 were those from Cilifornia. Notwith-tanding the failure hitherto to make silk culture a permavent and growing bnsiness on this coa-t, we fully believe that the 1ime will soon come when hoth the pioduction of the raw material and the woven fabric will form au importent article of California products. Its growth has no doubt been rather checke than otherwiee hy State aid, which led a few people into a disastrous epeculative fever in the morus multicaulis, and the production of cocoous for the mere advant 'ge of State premiums withoat additional twints. beard of, until we met with Mr. Barnes’ invention, isa machine which made a crochet stitch, npona coreand then increase the size ofthe cord or rope by addiag other coverings indefinitely. But the machin» here exhibited etrikee out for something entirely new, and hraids or weavee a perfectly round rope or cord, which may he composed of any desirahle nnmber of strands or emaller corde, The advantages of a cord so woven or hraided are that it wi'l not nntwist or give ont entirely when one or two strands have parted. It is so cloxely woven or bruided that a@ rops will not ravel or aut vist half an inch after being cut in twain, while the breaking of a strand, or even of several at different points, hae very litile effect in weakening the s'renuth of the rope. A rope or cord made with thie machine ia not liable to tangle or work itself into inrxtricahls kuots while in use, For fishing lines, chalk lines, clothes lines, window or pictore cords, this hraided rope is unrivalled, and will endure twice, or thrio-, as mnch wear as a twi-ted cord employed for euch purposes, while its cost is only @ smull fraction iu advance. Tux employes of the Crown Point mining company were paid off last week. The dishursements made by the Crown Point amounted any intention ot hulding up the enterprise into a legitimate bu-iness. The react.on hss fallen heavily upon the who'e husivess, covering it temporarily w th odmm and discourage. ment; but as it hae now come into the hinds of a fow earnest, plodding men, well acquainted . with its details, it is confidently expeoted it ‘o $90,000; Imperial, $16,000; Belcher, $83,000. Iv is reported that a remarkahly rich development hae been made iu a gravel deposit near Grizzly Fiat, El Dorado county, $5,000 having been taken out in a very short time. slopes and plains that skirt the wostern hase of heautifal mannfacturcs of s 1k, aa the gorgo: of presents quite a uoveltv in d-viceg for rope It is re*lly the novelty of the The m%voments of the spools, in th ir gyrations and hock and forward movement, remind ove muoh of a set of automaton dancing Ropes, as is well known, sre made by This exhibition shows that all the above! simply twisuug fiber into small strands aud doubling up these etrands upon one another by The only change from this mode of manufaoture which we have seen or and which could thne braid or eroch+t a covering Leffel’s Improved Double Turbine Water Wheel. There is perhaps no snter evidence of praotioal merit than suocess long ostablished ani widoly extended, and based npon repeated trial upou the most exacting conditions. Aninvention of but little real utility may nbtain a temporary reputatioo by means of shrewd mauagement in bringing it bofore the pnhtic; but its d-ficiencies will inevit shly come tn light aud a fiual verdict will he pronounced upon it in accordance with the facts. Cases in point are of almost daily ooonrrence, in which a transient popularity is gained by a device which will not eudore the test of experience, and which speedily disappears from the market. It is therefore hirdty too much t» say that the fact that some 8,000 of the Leff-l Donble Turbine water whoeli are nw iu suvosssful operation, under head’ varying from one snd a bilf to 428 feet, and thit the demand for them is larger to-day than at any previous period. constitutes the +trongest pos-ible evideuce that it is what it isclaimed to be hy its inventor and manufacturers. ' How the Wheel has Been Brought to Perf>ctlon. No maobine, however simple, durable and perfect in appearance, will in every respect provo satiefactory, when first nut into operation; many parts will require perhaps a change of form, strengthening, or may be an outirely different arrangement, upon application to the work to be performed, and a trial of two ur three years. In fact, it requires yeare of diligent study and prsctical expetience, particularly with a water wheel, to so perfect all of its parts, as to make it euccessful noderall cirenm. stances, even though it he sound and practical in principle; of conree many of them never ean, hy any amount of lahor or attempted improvement, he made to operate all species of machinery, and must always remain ae little better than worthless. To the general privciple first stated, the Leffel Douhle Turbine has perhaps been no exception: during ite introduction for the first four or five years, many of them wero, no douht, imperfect and not so durahly made as all newly introduced maobinery is neceesgrily. In short. the Leffel Improved -. Double Torhine hae kept poce, from ils first introdnction, with the most advanced developmeute of mechanical science; aud for any purpoee for which the power of water is employed, it may he safely guaranteed ae having no eqnal in utility, economy and durahility. An Improved Patent Globe Casing. The next st-p in improvements wus the invention of the spherica] tlume or pentetock, patented Feh., 1869, and now almost universal y used in high heads, as it does awuy with much ot the expense of setting the wheels, The cumhersome pentstock, with ite heavy timhers and large expense, is displaced hy this tidy and neat arrangement, and the water coaveyed to the finme hy an iron pipe, costing hub few dollars in comparison to the camhrons constinction of the old plan. Besidos, b-ing much cheaper than the old way, the sphericul fume -avoids all the objectione to the old, as it heing entirely constructed of iron, all the leaks can be entirely avoided ond the wheel oan he set anywhere in the mill. Being made entirely of iron it never rots, ae did the planks aud framework of the old stvle; and hence, with proper care, will last a littime. The cut represonts this new and improved iron penstock or casivg, and in which many of the wheels are now placed. The form heing that of aglobe or sphere, it at once secures the greatest strength, with the least weight, and at the same time affords the largest space for the water to circnlate above and around the wheel; while it also admits of the smallest exterior dimeneions, and therefore occupies less ej:ace than any other form or shape that can be he adopted. As none of the parts are subject to wear or breakage, it never requires replacing, and of conree its durahility is beyoud qnestion. JEFFERSON.—A private letter says the prospects at Jefferson river mines are hecoming every day more enconraging; that many of the claims are heiug opened in a manner that will fsirly test the gronnd, hnt as yet hed-rock han not heen found. The rivor ie now staked tor sixty milee, and new camps are epringing up every day. At the two principal camps, at the eniion, there are several huadred men; men are comivg in and goivg out daily. As many as twenty bnsiaess houses arein operation and projected, and if the pre-ent excitement shonld he justified hy the prospeots on hed-rock, it will hea lively place hefore winter. The writer does not advise those who have wages diggings to leave them for Jcffersoa river, as there is nothing abeolntely certain as yet and will not be for some time to come.—New North West. A. B.Scorr, who has heen bormg for coal npon ranches near Liacoln, Placer county, a few dsye ago, at a depth of 55 feet struck a very euperior quality of coal, the etratum heing nearly 20 feet in thickness. The vein is not a mile dietant from the Wilson mine, and quite near the railroad. A party of miners, Messrs. McIntyre, LeClair and two others, left Victoria Septemher 2t, to prospect some c.eeks on the west coast of Vancouver Iiland. Two of the party have already heeu in the locality which the preeent party are leaving for, and found good prospects of gold.

September 12, 1874-] MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS. 169 converted loto things of use and valve Is wids andvarons. Yet nearly everything in this direction which we see or nse, rave coms nf the simpleat forms of marhinery and tools, has beeu devised within the last huudred years. Scarce a single centory has elansed vince every thread nsed in tho mavnfactore of cotton, woo!, flax and si k, ibronghout the world, was spnn xing’yby tho fingers of tbe spinners, aided simply by that avcient and time-honored inatrament—tho domestic spiuning wueel! In 1764 an eight-bavded sapinuer—the ‘Jenny,” gprong fromthe genins of Hargroaves. Two ye-ra laler the more wonderfal invention of Arkwright wos brought out, aud five years later, in 1774 -just one hundred years ago—tho happy thought struck the mind of Crompton to cowhine these two ideas; aud «a machine was devised by which a bundred spindles were placcd nnder the portect control of a singlo per-on, hnt stil turned hy acrank. Soon aftor Kell-y, uf Lanark. subs'ituted water for man power, which was in tora snpp antced hy the more snht e ageucy of steam, directed by the mighty geoins of Watt. From these crude heginnings the moro porfect and elegant apinning machines ot the pr sent dsy have gradnully grown into exist-nee, notil now many thousands of spindles may he seen in asinglo room, drawing ont, twisting and windiug up with n degree of perfection which no human haud can attain, as mary thonsands of threads—n ecene magieal to the eye, producing effects thathave rev0 utiowized tho world and mu:to pos-ihle tho ex st-nce of thonsands on lands where tens only could have existed before ! The progress in theart of epinving may be tuken as a fair oxamplo of the improvements which havo heeu wronght ia almoet every other eles of prodvo'ive indnst'y—whether in the house, shep field or miuo. Tue rapid progress toward precisinn «f execntion and hich finish made in the mannfactare of all descriptions of machinery andthe work dove hy the same, ia what mukes the past centnry the most wonderful of all the thousauds whioh htve preced d it. Volumes, nay a whole librsry might be written npon this euhject by our best avd most practical writers, and sul! not the one-balf be told even.of the past; but what of the future—who can tell ? A few brief observations in regard to machinery in general is all we have room for in this connection. Not the least among the recept ndvauces made in mechanical and coustructive scienve are those in respect to theincreased pertection of workmanship manifested jin the general arrangem: nts of the parts of the machives themselves. Thie may be seen in mauy of the great variety of machines which are yearly sent forth to proclaim the new and constantly increasing triamphs of mind over matter, and has been ia a large degree hrought abont by the Americanidca of making all the d.ficrent parte of a machine ivterchai geahle. This is wuat has made a Colt’e pistol, a Remingtou rifle, a cheap and good ‘American watch’ and aeewinz machine practical. The snecess which bas thus heen introduced into a fow speci tities must eventurlly hsovme almost or quite universal. It has already, within a few vears, been iutrodoced into several small portahle enginee—vota!ly the Baxter engine, and isto many agticn urs] implements. To effet snch a reeulr, in most kinde of machines, ie impos-itlo hy the old method of hand work. Hence it often occurs that one of the first things an invevtor hae to do tn render his invention practicahle, is to invent another machive with which to mauufaoture that which he hae just devieed to perform eome importaut service in the factory, shop or field. Un ‘il within 60 or .70 years nearly all finiehing snd shaping had to be dune by mere manual labor. We were entirely depeudent on the dexterity of the hand and the correctness of the eye for precision in all the details of a mschive. Wehad no mechanical substitute for the human havd for applying and directing the motion of a cutting tovl. It is only ahout 50 years since even eo simp‘e 2 principle as that involved in the slide wse ivtrodnced into tools and machines tor the construction of micbinery—a principle which ie now almet universally employ d for holding, applying and directing the edze of & cutting instrnment to the surface of the work to be cut. By the use of this principle we are now enabled to cause the tool toso move aloag ur aoross the enrface of an object with such precision, that, withont any aid trom the hand, a workman is ahle to produce lines, planes, circles, cylinders, cones and spheree with a degree of acenracy which no amount of experience conld give to the hand, avd with an ease and rapidity wherein a single machioe can 1epresrnt bundreds of buman hands. Tbe eame priucinle, in a modified form, ie npplied to every lathe, to the p'aniug muschioe, the sloitng engine, the drilling machive, etc., etc. Simple as is thie device, its application in i'e varione modified forms ie of evercely less imporlauce then wus she invention of the s'eam engine itself. Indeed, wiihoutit, the steam engine, in anything Jike its pre-ent per'ection, could never hive had an exi-teace, What engiveer wonld nndertako to turn ont «a cylinder for one of our China etzamers ee nothing hut a file as a substitute for a lathe ? It is to heregretied that eo little attention . has he p paid to securing a prooer exbihitivun of machinery at the present Fnir. With the exception of the printing press, and machinery chietly iuvelving the nse of eawe for cutting, we find very li tle on exbihition in the way of hand or maohine tools, or machinery for manufacturing purposes. The exhihition of agri° onltural machinery is very flne—tho best ever : made in the Stote. The show of pnmps is also large and interesting. Silk Manulaclures. F This departmevt affords hut few articles uf general interest. The only specimen ul machinery for producing spun or woven goods is aiogle loom exhibited by A. Viannay, of No. 1214 Stockton street, who bae there commencod in a small way the mavn‘ncture of silk dress’ eonds. He shows une of his noms in operation uear and ju-t to the left of the main fountain. Hoalso exbihits several pieces of dress goods woven by bims-lf. They are very superior ia qual ty, and deservedly worthy of attention, Mr. Viannay was formerly a silk weaver in France, and obtains bis spun tilk from the city of Lyous. He warrants bis manufactures not to ont er retain dust. Thoy aro made by the same process as tho silk manufactured by the Bonnet Silk Faotory of Lvous. The California Silk Manu‘acturing Company, whose ralesroom ia at 566 Market s'reet, make a bine oxhbibition of tho products of their manufacture. We notice ¢mbrvidery silk, hnttonbolo taist, machive silk dyed and ready for spoeling, the s:me with gam ex'racted snd ready for dying, and the sume again exhibited on 100-vard spools. They nlso exhibit hair silk, ond tram for weavers’ an‘! frinze makers’ nie. ie IN a will gradually oume np from its sexeon of fol'y and delnsion, Honor and enoouragement should be given to the few men who are uow engaged In giving the business a fair, honest trial. Silk menufoctnring at the East, in allits forme —as sewing silks, rihhovs, dress goods, fringes, ete., has already secured a firm footing. and has proven a most promising and lucrative basinesi. New England, New York, New J+rsey and the city of Philadelphia have a large amonnt of capi‘al thus invested. May we not hope that the day is not far d stant when the the Sierras wil hecome »s famous for thor these slopes havo long heen for precious mets, and the volteys and plaius for tbe golden grain that has fed and nourished the nat.ons of Europe? Barnes’ Plaiting Machine. Mr. Barnes exhibi's a very ingenious machine, which nttracts uch attenti u, and which manufao' ure. Pair, and is a right “jolly” prece of mechanism. ae figures. TT ‘i Ju LEFFEL’S IMPROVED PATENT GLOBE CASING. spun and twisted eilk goods can he made here of as good quality as avy which can be imported. Owing to the failure to produce the raw silk h-re, as ahove noted, this company obtains all iteraw material from abroad —China, we believe. The exbihit of cocoons, etc., which has pre sented such a marked t:ature at moet ot onr former exhibitions, is now conepicuone only hy its entire ahsence; thue we have ahsolu'ely nothing in the wxy of cocoons or the California product from the eame, to chow as the result of the many and costly efforts heretofore made to introduce culture of silk from the

cocoons into this St:te. California is, heyond question, most admirably adupted for eilk culiare—so admitted universally by the heet practical experts fr m abroad, who have studied our climate wth reference tothe matter. ‘Ihe finest covoons exhibited at the Paris Exposition in 1867 were those from Cilifornia. Notwith-tanding the failure hitherto to make silk culture a permavent and growing bnsiness on this coa-t, we fully believe that the 1ime will soon come when hoth the pioduction of the raw material and the woven fabric will form au importent article of California products. Its growth has no doubt been rather checke than otherwiee hy State aid, which led a few people into a disastrous epeculative fever in the morus multicaulis, and the production of cocoous for the mere advant 'ge of State premiums withoat additional twints. beard of, until we met with Mr. Barnes’ invention, isa machine which made a crochet stitch, npona coreand then increase the size ofthe cord or rope by addiag other coverings indefinitely. But the machin» here exhibited etrikee out for something entirely new, and hraids or weavee a perfectly round rope or cord, which may he composed of any desirahle nnmber of strands or emaller corde, The advantages of a cord so woven or hraided are that it wi'l not nntwist or give ont entirely when one or two strands have parted. It is so cloxely woven or bruided that a@ rops will not ravel or aut vist half an inch after being cut in twain, while the breaking of a strand, or even of several at different points, hae very litile effect in weakening the s'renuth of the rope. A rope or cord made with thie machine ia not liable to tangle or work itself into inrxtricahls kuots while in use, For fishing lines, chalk lines, clothes lines, window or pictore cords, this hraided rope is unrivalled, and will endure twice, or thrio-, as mnch wear as a twi-ted cord employed for euch purposes, while its cost is only @ smull fraction iu advance. Tux employes of the Crown Point mining company were paid off last week. The dishursements made by the Crown Point amounted any intention ot hulding up the enterprise into a legitimate bu-iness. The react.on hss fallen heavily upon the who'e husivess, covering it temporarily w th odmm and discourage. ment; but as it hae now come into the hinds of a fow earnest, plodding men, well acquainted . with its details, it is confidently expeoted it ‘o $90,000; Imperial, $16,000; Belcher, $83,000. Iv is reported that a remarkahly rich development hae been made iu a gravel deposit near Grizzly Fiat, El Dorado county, $5,000 having been taken out in a very short time. slopes and plains that skirt the wostern hase of heautifal mannfacturcs of s 1k, aa the gorgo: of presents quite a uoveltv in d-viceg for rope It is re*lly the novelty of the The m%voments of the spools, in th ir gyrations and hock and forward movement, remind ove muoh of a set of automaton dancing Ropes, as is well known, sre made by This exhibition shows that all the above! simply twisuug fiber into small strands aud doubling up these etrands upon one another by The only change from this mode of manufaoture which we have seen or and which could thne braid or eroch+t a covering Leffel’s Improved Double Turbine Water Wheel. There is perhaps no snter evidence of praotioal merit than suocess long ostablished ani widoly extended, and based npon repeated trial upou the most exacting conditions. Aninvention of but little real utility may nbtain a temporary reputatioo by means of shrewd mauagement in bringing it bofore the pnhtic; but its d-ficiencies will inevit shly come tn light aud a fiual verdict will he pronounced upon it in accordance with the facts. Cases in point are of almost daily ooonrrence, in which a transient popularity is gained by a device which will not eudore the test of experience, and which speedily disappears from the market. It is therefore hirdty too much t» say that the fact that some 8,000 of the Leff-l Donble Turbine water whoeli are nw iu suvosssful operation, under head’ varying from one snd a bilf to 428 feet, and thit the demand for them is larger to-day than at any previous period. constitutes the +trongest pos-ible evideuce that it is what it isclaimed to be hy its inventor and manufacturers. ' How the Wheel has Been Brought to Perf>ctlon. No maobine, however simple, durable and perfect in appearance, will in every respect provo satiefactory, when first nut into operation; many parts will require perhaps a change of form, strengthening, or may be an outirely different arrangement, upon application to the work to be performed, and a trial of two ur three years. In fact, it requires yeare of diligent study and prsctical expetience, particularly with a water wheel, to so perfect all of its parts, as to make it euccessful noderall cirenm. stances, even though it he sound and practical in principle; of conree many of them never ean, hy any amount of lahor or attempted improvement, he made to operate all species of machinery, and must always remain ae little better than worthless. To the general privciple first stated, the Leffel Douhle Turbine has perhaps been no exception: during ite introduction for the first four or five years, many of them wero, no douht, imperfect and not so durahly made as all newly introduced maobinery is neceesgrily. In short. the Leffel Improved -. Double Torhine hae kept poce, from ils first introdnction, with the most advanced developmeute of mechanical science; aud for any purpoee for which the power of water is employed, it may he safely guaranteed ae having no eqnal in utility, economy and durahility. An Improved Patent Globe Casing. The next st-p in improvements wus the invention of the spherica] tlume or pentetock, patented Feh., 1869, and now almost universal y used in high heads, as it does awuy with much ot the expense of setting the wheels, The cumhersome pentstock, with ite heavy timhers and large expense, is displaced hy this tidy and neat arrangement, and the water coaveyed to the finme hy an iron pipe, costing hub few dollars in comparison to the camhrons constinction of the old plan. Besidos, b-ing much cheaper than the old way, the sphericul fume -avoids all the objectione to the old, as it heing entirely constructed of iron, all the leaks can be entirely avoided ond the wheel oan he set anywhere in the mill. Being made entirely of iron it never rots, ae did the planks aud framework of the old stvle; and hence, with proper care, will last a littime. The cut represonts this new and improved iron penstock or casivg, and in which many of the wheels are now placed. The form heing that of aglobe or sphere, it at once secures the greatest strength, with the least weight, and at the same time affords the largest space for the water to circnlate above and around the wheel; while it also admits of the smallest exterior dimeneions, and therefore occupies less ej:ace than any other form or shape that can be he adopted. As none of the parts are subject to wear or breakage, it never requires replacing, and of conree its durahility is beyoud qnestion. JEFFERSON.—A private letter says the prospects at Jefferson river mines are hecoming every day more enconraging; that many of the claims are heiug opened in a manner that will fsirly test the gronnd, hnt as yet hed-rock han not heen found. The rivor ie now staked tor sixty milee, and new camps are epringing up every day. At the two principal camps, at the eniion, there are several huadred men; men are comivg in and goivg out daily. As many as twenty bnsiaess houses arein operation and projected, and if the pre-ent excitement shonld he justified hy the prospeots on hed-rock, it will hea lively place hefore winter. The writer does not advise those who have wages diggings to leave them for Jcffersoa river, as there is nothing abeolntely certain as yet and will not be for some time to come.—New North West. A. B.Scorr, who has heen bormg for coal npon ranches near Liacoln, Placer county, a few dsye ago, at a depth of 55 feet struck a very euperior quality of coal, the etratum heing nearly 20 feet in thickness. The vein is not a mile dietant from the Wilson mine, and quite near the railroad. A party of miners, Messrs. McIntyre, LeClair and two others, left Victoria Septemher 2t, to prospect some c.eeks on the west coast of Vancouver Iiland. Two of the party have already heeu in the locality which the preeent party are leaving for, and found good prospects of gold.