Volume 29 (1874) (428 pages)

September 19, -574.] een 188 . Userut InpoRMATION. Vatce or Ison Waste.—A very important, bot nad} quite recently neglected, constituent of the weste-heap, Is the old iron, battered vancepans, old pails, rusty hoops. horse shoea, and nails fromthe road, All soldered articles have the solder extracted from them, as it Is more valneble than the iron, and the cheaper metal is then melted. The horse-zhoe neile are not mixed with the common cast-iron, as they are mnch songht alter hy gan makers, for the purpose of making etub-twist barrels. Scrape of irnn, it is fonnd, may be made very useful in securlng the copper in the streams washing veins nf copper pyrites. Pieces of battered iron are placed in tanks, into which theee are collected; the copper, under these circumstances, iucrusts the iron, and lo process of time entirely dissolves it, so that a mass of copperstakes the place of the iron, and the residanm, in theshape of a colored deposit, ie at timee'taken ont, dried aud smelted. Thus, from the morest and epparently wurthlees waste, a large valne is realized. — Ruilway Register. M, Werpramann’s Paocuss ror ResnaaPenino Frurs.—Well-worn files are first carefolly cleaned with hot water aod soda} they are then placed in connection with the positive pole of a battery, ina bath feomposed of 40 parts of sulphoric acid ead 1,000 parts of water. The negative ia formed of a copper spiral snrrounding the files, hut not tonching them; the coil terminates in a wire which rises towards the snrface, This arrangement ia the result of ractical. experiencé. ‘When the files have oe in the bath 10 miuntes they are taken out, washed and dried, when the whole of the hollows will be found tc have been attacked in a very sensible manuer; but should the effect not be sufficient, they are replaced iu the bath for the same period as betore. Sometimes two operations are necbssary, but seldom more. he files, thus treated, are to all appearances like new ones, and are said to be good for 60 hours’ werk. M. Werdermann employs 12 medium Bunsen elements for his batteries. Lear anp Frowrs Inparsstons.—Oil a piece ol white paper on one side; hold the eide that is oiled over a lamp or pine knot smoke till quite black; place the leaf on the black anrface, as the veine and fibers of the leaves chow plainer on the nnder part; now press it on all parts of the leaf with the fingers; then take np the leaf aud pnt the black oiled sides on the page ol a beok (made for leaf impressions) with an extra piece of nice paper on the top to revent emntting the opposite page; prese it a ew Moments; they remeve the green leal, and the Impression will be left on the page as beautilul es an engraving. Flowere of siugle corolla cen be pressed in ike manuer. Many of the geraninm leaves make heantiful impresgions, The impression book can be made etill more interesting by giving botanical classifications of each leaf and fiower. Inngznisye inke intended to be used with types or stencil plates, ‘are generally made withont nitrate of eilver. The presence of a eilver salt ia a marking ink would necessitate the nee of silver or silver-plated typés and plates. The two followidg are recommended; 1. Sulphate of iron, 1 ‘drachm; vermilion, 4 drachms; boiled linseed oil, 8 drachms. Triturate together nutil the mixtnre is perfectly emooth. 2. Sulphate of manganese, 2 parte; lempblack, 1 part; eugar, 4 parts, with water enflicient. The manganese, lampbleck and engar are first rabbed together into a fine powder and enough water is edded to form a thin paste. When thielnk ig nsed, it should be allowed to dry onthe cloth and then be well rinsed in water.—Druggists’ Circular. Cieanerne Botrues wits FaaGMents or Izon, Attention has been ‘repeateoly called to the deoger of ‘eleansing bottles with ahot, ae ie commouly doné, meny cases of leed poisoning having been ceused by a stray shot left after the process. M.Fordus, in the Comptes Rendus, advocates the nse o1 clippings of iron wire instead oltheehot. They are easily got, and clean the bottles qnicker and better than lded doce. The iron ia attacked by oxygen, hnt the oxide doee not cling to the gleae and ie easily removed by rineing. In cases were even the minnte trace of iron lett behind wonld be objectioneble, clippinge of tin may be used. Distnrectanr ann MovuTu-Waew.—A very week solutiou of permengenete of poteeh will deetroy inetently any teint from dievesed teeth or imperfectly-cleened plates, and should alwaye be nsed to rinee the spittoon 1n hot weather every time it ie mede nee of. It is chesp, satistectory, almost testeless, not joiaonone, and quite free from smell. It mey e aatiefactory to some to know that thie will remove the taint of emoking from the breeth, if need as e month-waeh.— Hints for the Laboralory. Cuxoaororm ve. PetrzoteuM.—The addition of one part of chloroform to five of petroleum renders the letter inoapeble of combustion nntil the former hes eveporated. In an experiment, a litre of borning petroleum spread ont over asnrface of ten sqnero centimetree was extingnished by throwing npon it fifty enbic centimetres of chloroform. Curp eoap is made by ueing tallow, for the grease and soda for the alkali. Testing Milk. Since it has become purtomary for milk dealers ton endesyor to palm off on their customers a minlmum quantity of real milk, mixed with a marximom quantity of water, nnder the name of milk, it is sometimes interesting to compare different samples o] auch milk for the purpose of determining the amonnt of water added. English chemists have devoted considerable attention to thie sulject, becanse there a law exists pnnishiug adulteration in food and medicine, and we shall freqnently have ocossion to refer to their observations. The specific gravity of milk, as indicated by hydrometera made lor the purpose, does not serve to detect carefally-conducted watering. The average density ol good pare milk is abont 1.032. Since milk fat Is ghter than water, the more cream the milk contalns the lower its epecific gravity, while skimmed milk ha’ a higher epecific gravity than nnskimmed milk. Hence it is possible to preserve the normel density in watered milk by firat_ removing a portion or all of the cream, and then adding jast enough water to briug it back to its original density. To ascertain the amount of water added, it is necessary to determine by analysis the qnantity of fat presentin the milk. John Horsley, F.C. 5&., accomplishes this in the following manner: A glags tube, 11 inches long and three-fourths of an iach In diameter, is fgradnated from ten juches down, one-fifth of its length, iuto ten per cent., or hundredths. A tablespoonfal, 15 ¢c. ¢. or 250 grains, of milk is first poured into the glase tube,; a similar bulk of ether is next poured in, nnd the tnbe closed with a thumb or cork, and agitated for four or five miuntes, An eqnal measure of alcohcl is next added and the whole well shaken for at least five minntes more, when, on placing it in au upright position on a stand, the oily or fatty matter will rise to the snrface and can be easily read off. Each line will correspond to 4.15 grains ol solid bntter, as proved by experiment. Milk which has 10 per cent. of cream will show two lines of batter oil, or 8.3 grains, for 250 grains of milk. Il desired, the butter may be drawn off ond weighed in a emall platinum capsnie. Mr, Wanklyn prelers to evaporate 5c. c. of the milk to dryness in a weighed platinnm dish over a water bath. at least three Thonrs. The residne eqnale the total milk solids, and averages, with e eample ol good conntry milk, 12.45 per cent. This reeidne is treated with ether and heated to hoiling, aud the solntion ponred throngh a emall filter, the operation of boiling and ponring off the etherial eolntion being repeated three times. The eolution of fet is placed in a larger weighed dish, and the ether gently evaporated by placing it in werm water. When, toward the close, it becomes turbid, the dish is placed on a water bath and heated to 100° C. for a short time, until it ie dry, when itie weighed. The weight of the fat, eubtracted from that of the total milk eclids, givee the amonnt of milk solids not fat, a very important datum, ae it isthe most constant qnantity in milk analyeis, and givés, hy a very simple calculation, the extent of watering to which the milk has been subjected, The determination of casein is usnally onnecessary, but may be made to prove that the milk wae adolterated with ekim instead of water. Theportion insolnble in ether is extracted with etrong alcohol, then with boiling water, dried np in a water bath, weighed, ignited, the ash weighed and ite weight snbtracted from the previous weight of casein and ash The resnit ie crude casein, inclnding, of conrse, the albnmen. The nse of ekimmed milk is ebown by the preeence of more casein than the natnral qnantity, and leas butter or fat. The determinetion of the totel ash ie mede by simply eveporating 5 c. c. of milk to dryneee and igniting over a epirit lamp or Bunsen barner. If less ash is found than usual, chalk or or other mineral adniterant hes been employed. — Journal of Applied Chemistry. Corn Husk Frames, — An agricultural exchange hee the following : Corn hnek frames may be made very prettily and eimply by taking pesteboerd or thick paper to eew the hneke on, Then eelect your hnske; take fine white ones, but not the fioest. Take a hnsk and cnt into strips three-quarters ol en inch wide and three inches long. Then donble it together in a bow asin tape trimming. Pnt two rows of these aronnd the iuside of the freme. Next cut a piece the length of the bows and the width of the huske and bend the two ende together. Now take yonr needle end elit it very fine throngh the center, and then eew the two ends that yon holdin yonr hend on the freme overlapping the row of bowe; then take some more pieces of slitted work, and turn end go lengthwiee of the frame—not crosswise as hefore. Thet forms the onter edge of the frame. Teke a thin piece of board and make a frame. Plece yonr glase between your peper frame and your board frame, and tack or peete your peper frame down smoothly. Yon will thus heve e nice rustic frame. Beantifnl little card baskets and lemp mats may be made in neerly the eeme manoer. Curansinc Bronze.—A dilute eolution of oanetic alkelies removee overlying dirt, and ellows the green patina to become vieible. Where the metel wae not originelly oxidized the alkeli eimply cleanses it, end does not promote any formation of green ret. Te incompetability of iron and qninine in winee, on account of their precipitating one enother, is chown by a German chemiat. The operation requires . qj Goon Hearty. The Transfusion of Blood. At a meeting of the New York Medical Association, Dr. Frederic D. Lenteread a paper on the *'Transfosion of Blood.”” He said transinsion would he more successful il confined to appropriate cases. So far the operation had not been oversuccessfnl. Yet, notwithstauding this fact, it shonld not be abandoned; tor, it even one case was successfnol, it shonld be regarded asatrinmph of science. There were circumstances in whioh nothing short of transfasion would save a patient. In tho disenssion which tollowed, Prolessor Fordyce Barker said that if tranefusion was a resource which could be made helpful, by which a certain nnmber of lives conld be saved which wonld terminate fatally nnder eny other circumstances, it was very important that the medical man shonld avail himself of it. Siuce his former researches npon the snbject, he had been able to add to the list nf recoveries alter transfusion, so that the nnmber now amoonted to abont one hundred and twenty-five nothentic cases. Nowthe qnestionis, as to the effect of transfasion in asslating recovery—whether the cases wonld have terminated fatally if this measure had not been resorted to? Those who advocate transfnsion were not bonnd to become partissns forit. While the fact is not ignored that there was efficacy in other measures, yet transfnsion might add an additional resontce to onr list of restorative measnres— one which might preve snecessful when no other wonld. The fact of failure in seventy-five per cent. of the caaes did not militate against the propriety of pees means in the other twenty-five per cent. e qnestion how transfusion was effective in preserving lile, he would leave for physiologists to answer. Dr. J. C. Dalton disenssed the qnestion of the real value of transafnsion aga onrative agent. In the case of an auimal, or patient, exhansted by hemorrhage—so far exhausted that the pnise is imperceptible, intelligence very mnch iminiehed, and all the symptoms present of impending death—blood had been transineed, and the patient or animal had recovered. The apparent connection of the recovery with the transfnsion was so direct, that he was led withont qnstion to concinde thst transinsion wae the cause of saving life. Dr. Dalton did not think it strange that, when patients had lost large qnantities of blood, two or three onnces addéd wonld ba eufficient to eave life. There was in the hnman syetem from fonrteen to eighteen pounds of blood. When one-fonrth of the emount had been lost, it eeemed almoet imposeible that life should be saved by the injection of eo email a qnantity. It did not strike Mr. Dalton in that way. In explanation of his réason, he likened the homan eystem to a meohine, in which latter there was a balancewheel, the object of which was to carry the piston over the ‘‘dead point;” otherwise, if there be coneidereble resietance, the engiue would etop. The injection of avery emall quantity of bleod after hemorrhage might be eomewhat analogons to that. Treatment or Caronio DrsENTERY RY MILEDiset.—The advantagee of e milk-diet in diseasee which leave anwmia and general debility in their conrse, have been often extolled by varione anthore, more especially by MM. Tocholies and Leclerc. Dr. Clavel, iu his turn, in hie inangural diseertation, reports fevorably concerning thie treatment in chronic dysentery. He had observed this in warm olimetes, but believee that the eeme effecte mey be attained in colder regions, While the milk, by its nutritive properties, effecnally combats the anemia and general debility, it aleo favors the cicatrizatioa of the intestinal lesions. Aes’e milk, which is lighter and contains less butter than cow’s milk, egréee better than eny other, eepecially with those patients who eleo heve an hepetic lesion, as in this latter cese the bile, which plays so importent apart in the emuleion of the fetty metters, is secreted and diecherged in less abnndence into the intestine. The milk cen be edministered pure or with the addition of a emall qnantity of lime-weter. Treatment ie commenced by giving one pint iu 24 hours, which ie increased in e few daye to two or three pinte.— Revue Therapeutique. Reertaation.—In onr etmosphere the oxygen is dilnted with very nearly four times its. amount of nitrogen, and all the asir-breething animals, inclnding men, have become adapted to these conditione. If the amonnt of oxygen beceme less, e corresponding change would occur in the respiratory syetem, ee ie illnstra. ted in the high lands of Sonth America, where, hy reason of the rarefied atmosphere, the amonnt of oxygen inhaled at each respiration ie lese than near the ocean level; and as a consequence, the hnman lungs ere more developed there, and the inhabitauta are remarkable for their Isrgely developed ‘chests, ellowing ‘them to make up by quantity for the qnality of the inepired air. The reverse is also the case; it has breo fonnd that the effect of the compreesed air (on those workmen whoee constitntione allow them to withstand the preseure and labor for some length of time in the ceissons for the fonndations of the Miesieeippi bridge, at St. Lonis, Mo., and the East river hridge, New York) wae to narrow the volnme of the chest, while deep respirations o1 the highly compressed air were painfol.—Sei. Am. Washing the Inside of the Body, The following i of Dr. Jecksnn are good In a measure, hnt it shonld not be forgotten that extreme dosing with water is a decidedly weakening process. The principle is abunt the esmeé as that involved in the Turkish hath—a little 01 it goes a great ways : There Is no cavity in the body which water ia not fitted for, if yon can get it in properly. Why, one of the very best things yon can do is to wash yonr blood; and the great folly we commit in going through our lives lrom childhood to grave simply is that we do not wash our blood as we onght. Inlusions of coffee, tea, chocolate or coooa, or older or beer do not wash the blood, because with the flnid so taken in, something is taken in also which befouls and defiles the blood. Just let a man say to himself, it is Saturday night, I hsve worked hard all the week, and Sunday shall be a day of rest to me. I ‘am now going to give my whole eystem, between this and Monday mnrning, a good thorongh washing. So he begins to drink and drink, and drinks bot little at a time; yet between Saturday night and Monday mornlug a healthy man can drink, without prodncing any disturbance, a gallon of water. Now, let this come into aud go throngh his circnlation, throngh Inngs and sca, and kidneys and bowels, the waste materials are carried ont, and when Monday morning comes, if he jnmpe ont of bed and givcs his external skin a good paphing the water that he washes in will be foul. Or, if he prefers to test that qnestion even more thoronghly, all he has to do is to take a clean sheet, and wetting it in good, soft, pare water, he wrapped up in it, and lie fortyfive or sixty minutes, and then have the sheet washed in a tnb of water, and it will color the water so thst it will look dirty. The man has been washed inside; his blood has been washed. When you have washed hie blocd, tissues, benes, nerve, mnsele, sinew, membrane and brain, and everything in him, he can defy all pestilence for that week. The washing of a person’e iuside is as necessary as the washing of a person's outside, and the washing ofa persen is twice as necesssry as the washing of © person’s clothes, and yet there are those who are very particnlar tc have their clothes washed with great care who are not at all psrtionlar to wesh themselves. Symmetay. —The following proportions are those nsually given in works on statnery and painting, and ,are generally known, bnt will bear repetition: The whole hnman figure shonld be six timee the length of the feet. Whether the form be slender or plump, thernle holds good; and deviation from it is a departure from the ‘highest beanty of proportious, The Greeke made all their atatues according to this rule. The face, from the highest point of forehead where the hair begine, to the chiu is one-tenth of ‘the whole stature, Thé hend, . from the wrist to the little finger is the same. from the top of the chest to the highest pert of the forehead is the seventh. If the face, from the rocts of the hair to the chin, be divided into three eqnal .parts, the first division determinee the place where the eyebrows meet, ond the aecond the place of the nostrils. Hight from the feet to the top of the héad is the diatance from the extremities ot the fingers when the arms are extended, New anp ConvENIENT Meruop or CaUreRIzinG. The eschar produced by nitrate of silver is olten too superficial, even thongh the applicatione are frequentlyrepeated. Del Greoo recommende tbe nse of a emell cylinder or pencil of polished zinc, Alter applying the nitrete of eilver the zinc is to be paesed eeveral times over the surface already whitened by the caustic. The parts immediately asenme a blackened hne, and the ceuterizing action is eeen to grednally become deeper. The escher is detached in from 12 to 24 honre. The degree of deetruction prodneed depends upon the thoroughoess of the applications and the natare of the tissuee to which they are applied. Lrrz.—We live literally by dying, und pérpetnally change every atom one by ene. Life consists in perishing end renewing, and we are susteined by giving and taking. Every meel is a reecne from deeth, an instrnment by which we stave off the inroeds and wasie which heat, cold, atmospheric effecte and exerciee meke on onr orgenio life. Dr. Boerd pnte it thne: The golden decede is from 30 to 40; the eilver decade, 40 to 50; the brezen, 20 to 30; the iron, 50 to 60; and from 60 to 70 we leern whether the iron ie forged or only caet. According to the doctor’e estimate, we are at onr best from 38 to 46, when enthneiasm, jndgment and experience are balanced. After that dete enthusiasm declioes, jodgmeut grows timid, and thongh experience enlarges, there comes a time when it ceeses to have any ednceting power. SwatLtowme 4 Toot Cxaxst.—It ie reported thet in the different prisons of Parie there are five or eix deatha every yeer from the effect of swallowing whet is known ae an ‘’ escape-box.”’ -This remarkable box ie mede for the especiel accommodation of prisonere. It is of polished steel, abont three inchee loog, and contaiue turnserews, hemmers, eilk threed end other implements necessary for eecepe. The hor eppears to he eesily ewallowed, but ecmetimes faile to reappear ae intended, aud the deeth of the victim is the resnit. But when it doee pase the bowele, the lncky prisoner ie prepared to ent the thickest iron bars and set himeelf at liberty.

September 19, -574.] een 188 . Userut InpoRMATION. Vatce or Ison Waste.—A very important, bot nad} quite recently neglected, constituent of the weste-heap, Is the old iron, battered vancepans, old pails, rusty hoops. horse shoea, and nails fromthe road, All soldered articles have the solder extracted from them, as it Is more valneble than the iron, and the cheaper metal is then melted. The horse-zhoe neile are not mixed with the common cast-iron, as they are mnch songht alter hy gan makers, for the purpose of making etub-twist barrels. Scrape of irnn, it is fonnd, may be made very useful in securlng the copper in the streams washing veins nf copper pyrites. Pieces of battered iron are placed in tanks, into which theee are collected; the copper, under these circumstances, iucrusts the iron, and lo process of time entirely dissolves it, so that a mass of copperstakes the place of the iron, and the residanm, in theshape of a colored deposit, ie at timee'taken ont, dried aud smelted. Thus, from the morest and epparently wurthlees waste, a large valne is realized. — Ruilway Register. M, Werpramann’s Paocuss ror ResnaaPenino Frurs.—Well-worn files are first carefolly cleaned with hot water aod soda} they are then placed in connection with the positive pole of a battery, ina bath feomposed of 40 parts of sulphoric acid ead 1,000 parts of water. The negative ia formed of a copper spiral snrrounding the files, hut not tonching them; the coil terminates in a wire which rises towards the snrface, This arrangement ia the result of ractical. experiencé. ‘When the files have oe in the bath 10 miuntes they are taken out, washed and dried, when the whole of the hollows will be found tc have been attacked in a very sensible manuer; but should the effect not be sufficient, they are replaced iu the bath for the same period as betore. Sometimes two operations are necbssary, but seldom more. he files, thus treated, are to all appearances like new ones, and are said to be good for 60 hours’ werk. M. Werdermann employs 12 medium Bunsen elements for his batteries. Lear anp Frowrs Inparsstons.—Oil a piece ol white paper on one side; hold the eide that is oiled over a lamp or pine knot smoke till quite black; place the leaf on the black anrface, as the veine and fibers of the leaves chow plainer on the nnder part; now press it on all parts of the leaf with the fingers; then take np the leaf aud pnt the black oiled sides on the page ol a beok (made for leaf impressions) with an extra piece of nice paper on the top to revent emntting the opposite page; prese it a ew Moments; they remeve the green leal, and the Impression will be left on the page as beautilul es an engraving. Flowere of siugle corolla cen be pressed in ike manuer. Many of the geraninm leaves make heantiful impresgions, The impression book can be made etill more interesting by giving botanical classifications of each leaf and fiower. Inngznisye inke intended to be used with types or stencil plates, ‘are generally made withont nitrate of eilver. The presence of a eilver salt ia a marking ink would necessitate the nee of silver or silver-plated typés and plates. The two followidg are recommended; 1. Sulphate of iron, 1 ‘drachm; vermilion, 4 drachms; boiled linseed oil, 8 drachms. Triturate together nutil the mixtnre is perfectly emooth. 2. Sulphate of manganese, 2 parte; lempblack, 1 part; eugar, 4 parts, with water enflicient. The manganese, lampbleck and engar are first rabbed together into a fine powder and enough water is edded to form a thin paste. When thielnk ig nsed, it should be allowed to dry onthe cloth and then be well rinsed in water.—Druggists’ Circular. Cieanerne Botrues wits FaaGMents or Izon, Attention has been ‘repeateoly called to the deoger of ‘eleansing bottles with ahot, ae ie commouly doné, meny cases of leed poisoning having been ceused by a stray shot left after the process. M.Fordus, in the Comptes Rendus, advocates the nse o1 clippings of iron wire instead oltheehot. They are easily got, and clean the bottles qnicker and better than lded doce. The iron ia attacked by oxygen, hnt the oxide doee not cling to the gleae and ie easily removed by rineing. In cases were even the minnte trace of iron lett behind wonld be objectioneble, clippinge of tin may be used. Distnrectanr ann MovuTu-Waew.—A very week solutiou of permengenete of poteeh will deetroy inetently any teint from dievesed teeth or imperfectly-cleened plates, and should alwaye be nsed to rinee the spittoon 1n hot weather every time it ie mede nee of. It is chesp, satistectory, almost testeless, not joiaonone, and quite free from smell. It mey e aatiefactory to some to know that thie will remove the taint of emoking from the breeth, if need as e month-waeh.— Hints for the Laboralory. Cuxoaororm ve. PetrzoteuM.—The addition of one part of chloroform to five of petroleum renders the letter inoapeble of combustion nntil the former hes eveporated. In an experiment, a litre of borning petroleum spread ont over asnrface of ten sqnero centimetree was extingnished by throwing npon it fifty enbic centimetres of chloroform. Curp eoap is made by ueing tallow, for the grease and soda for the alkali. Testing Milk. Since it has become purtomary for milk dealers ton endesyor to palm off on their customers a minlmum quantity of real milk, mixed with a marximom quantity of water, nnder the name of milk, it is sometimes interesting to compare different samples o] auch milk for the purpose of determining the amonnt of water added. English chemists have devoted considerable attention to thie sulject, becanse there a law exists pnnishiug adulteration in food and medicine, and we shall freqnently have ocossion to refer to their observations. The specific gravity of milk, as indicated by hydrometera made lor the purpose, does not serve to detect carefally-conducted watering. The average density ol good pare milk is abont 1.032. Since milk fat Is ghter than water, the more cream the milk contalns the lower its epecific gravity, while skimmed milk ha’ a higher epecific gravity than nnskimmed milk. Hence it is possible to preserve the normel density in watered milk by firat_ removing a portion or all of the cream, and then adding jast enough water to briug it back to its original density. To ascertain the amount of water added, it is necessary to determine by analysis the qnantity of fat presentin the milk. John Horsley, F.C. 5&., accomplishes this in the following manner: A glags tube, 11 inches long and three-fourths of an iach In diameter, is fgradnated from ten juches down, one-fifth of its length, iuto ten per cent., or hundredths. A tablespoonfal, 15 ¢c. ¢. or 250 grains, of milk is first poured into the glase tube,; a similar bulk of ether is next poured in, nnd the tnbe closed with a thumb or cork, and agitated for four or five miuntes, An eqnal measure of alcohcl is next added and the whole well shaken for at least five minntes more, when, on placing it in au upright position on a stand, the oily or fatty matter will rise to the snrface and can be easily read off. Each line will correspond to 4.15 grains ol solid bntter, as proved by experiment. Milk which has 10 per cent. of cream will show two lines of batter oil, or 8.3 grains, for 250 grains of milk. Il desired, the butter may be drawn off ond weighed in a emall platinum capsnie. Mr, Wanklyn prelers to evaporate 5c. c. of the milk to dryness in a weighed platinnm dish over a water bath. at least three Thonrs. The residne eqnale the total milk solids, and averages, with e eample ol good conntry milk, 12.45 per cent. This reeidne is treated with ether and heated to hoiling, aud the solntion ponred throngh a emall filter, the operation of boiling and ponring off the etherial eolntion being repeated three times. The eolution of fet is placed in a larger weighed dish, and the ether gently evaporated by placing it in werm water. When, toward the close, it becomes turbid, the dish is placed on a water bath and heated to 100° C. for a short time, until it ie dry, when itie weighed. The weight of the fat, eubtracted from that of the total milk eclids, givee the amonnt of milk solids not fat, a very important datum, ae it isthe most constant qnantity in milk analyeis, and givés, hy a very simple calculation, the extent of watering to which the milk has been subjected, The determination of casein is usnally onnecessary, but may be made to prove that the milk wae adolterated with ekim instead of water. Theportion insolnble in ether is extracted with etrong alcohol, then with boiling water, dried np in a water bath, weighed, ignited, the ash weighed and ite weight snbtracted from the previous weight of casein and ash The resnit ie crude casein, inclnding, of conrse, the albnmen. The nse of ekimmed milk is ebown by the preeence of more casein than the natnral qnantity, and leas butter or fat. The determinetion of the totel ash ie mede by simply eveporating 5 c. c. of milk to dryneee and igniting over a epirit lamp or Bunsen barner. If less ash is found than usual, chalk or or other mineral adniterant hes been employed. — Journal of Applied Chemistry. Corn Husk Frames, — An agricultural exchange hee the following : Corn hnek frames may be made very prettily and eimply by taking pesteboerd or thick paper to eew the hneke on, Then eelect your hnske; take fine white ones, but not the fioest. Take a hnsk and cnt into strips three-quarters ol en inch wide and three inches long. Then donble it together in a bow asin tape trimming. Pnt two rows of these aronnd the iuside of the freme. Next cut a piece the length of the bows and the width of the huske and bend the two ende together. Now take yonr needle end elit it very fine throngh the center, and then eew the two ends that yon holdin yonr hend on the freme overlapping the row of bowe; then take some more pieces of slitted work, and turn end go lengthwiee of the frame—not crosswise as hefore. Thet forms the onter edge of the frame. Teke a thin piece of board and make a frame. Plece yonr glase between your peper frame and your board frame, and tack or peete your peper frame down smoothly. Yon will thus heve e nice rustic frame. Beantifnl little card baskets and lemp mats may be made in neerly the eeme manoer. Curansinc Bronze.—A dilute eolution of oanetic alkelies removee overlying dirt, and ellows the green patina to become vieible. Where the metel wae not originelly oxidized the alkeli eimply cleanses it, end does not promote any formation of green ret. Te incompetability of iron and qninine in

winee, on account of their precipitating one enother, is chown by a German chemiat. The operation requires . qj Goon Hearty. The Transfusion of Blood. At a meeting of the New York Medical Association, Dr. Frederic D. Lenteread a paper on the *'Transfosion of Blood.”” He said transinsion would he more successful il confined to appropriate cases. So far the operation had not been oversuccessfnl. Yet, notwithstauding this fact, it shonld not be abandoned; tor, it even one case was successfnol, it shonld be regarded asatrinmph of science. There were circumstances in whioh nothing short of transfasion would save a patient. In tho disenssion which tollowed, Prolessor Fordyce Barker said that if tranefusion was a resource which could be made helpful, by which a certain nnmber of lives conld be saved which wonld terminate fatally nnder eny other circumstances, it was very important that the medical man shonld avail himself of it. Siuce his former researches npon the snbject, he had been able to add to the list nf recoveries alter transfusion, so that the nnmber now amoonted to abont one hundred and twenty-five nothentic cases. Nowthe qnestionis, as to the effect of transfasion in asslating recovery—whether the cases wonld have terminated fatally if this measure had not been resorted to? Those who advocate transfnsion were not bonnd to become partissns forit. While the fact is not ignored that there was efficacy in other measures, yet transfnsion might add an additional resontce to onr list of restorative measnres— one which might preve snecessful when no other wonld. The fact of failure in seventy-five per cent. of the caaes did not militate against the propriety of pees means in the other twenty-five per cent. e qnestion how transfusion was effective in preserving lile, he would leave for physiologists to answer. Dr. J. C. Dalton disenssed the qnestion of the real value of transafnsion aga onrative agent. In the case of an auimal, or patient, exhansted by hemorrhage—so far exhausted that the pnise is imperceptible, intelligence very mnch iminiehed, and all the symptoms present of impending death—blood had been transineed, and the patient or animal had recovered. The apparent connection of the recovery with the transfnsion was so direct, that he was led withont qnstion to concinde thst transinsion wae the cause of saving life. Dr. Dalton did not think it strange that, when patients had lost large qnantities of blood, two or three onnces addéd wonld ba eufficient to eave life. There was in the hnman syetem from fonrteen to eighteen pounds of blood. When one-fonrth of the emount had been lost, it eeemed almoet imposeible that life should be saved by the injection of eo email a qnantity. It did not strike Mr. Dalton in that way. In explanation of his réason, he likened the homan eystem to a meohine, in which latter there was a balancewheel, the object of which was to carry the piston over the ‘‘dead point;” otherwise, if there be coneidereble resietance, the engiue would etop. The injection of avery emall quantity of bleod after hemorrhage might be eomewhat analogons to that. Treatment or Caronio DrsENTERY RY MILEDiset.—The advantagee of e milk-diet in diseasee which leave anwmia and general debility in their conrse, have been often extolled by varione anthore, more especially by MM. Tocholies and Leclerc. Dr. Clavel, iu his turn, in hie inangural diseertation, reports fevorably concerning thie treatment in chronic dysentery. He had observed this in warm olimetes, but believee that the eeme effecte mey be attained in colder regions, While the milk, by its nutritive properties, effecnally combats the anemia and general debility, it aleo favors the cicatrizatioa of the intestinal lesions. Aes’e milk, which is lighter and contains less butter than cow’s milk, egréee better than eny other, eepecially with those patients who eleo heve an hepetic lesion, as in this latter cese the bile, which plays so importent apart in the emuleion of the fetty metters, is secreted and diecherged in less abnndence into the intestine. The milk cen be edministered pure or with the addition of a emall qnantity of lime-weter. Treatment ie commenced by giving one pint iu 24 hours, which ie increased in e few daye to two or three pinte.— Revue Therapeutique. Reertaation.—In onr etmosphere the oxygen is dilnted with very nearly four times its. amount of nitrogen, and all the asir-breething animals, inclnding men, have become adapted to these conditione. If the amonnt of oxygen beceme less, e corresponding change would occur in the respiratory syetem, ee ie illnstra. ted in the high lands of Sonth America, where, hy reason of the rarefied atmosphere, the amonnt of oxygen inhaled at each respiration ie lese than near the ocean level; and as a consequence, the hnman lungs ere more developed there, and the inhabitauta are remarkable for their Isrgely developed ‘chests, ellowing ‘them to make up by quantity for the qnality of the inepired air. The reverse is also the case; it has breo fonnd that the effect of the compreesed air (on those workmen whoee constitntione allow them to withstand the preseure and labor for some length of time in the ceissons for the fonndations of the Miesieeippi bridge, at St. Lonis, Mo., and the East river hridge, New York) wae to narrow the volnme of the chest, while deep respirations o1 the highly compressed air were painfol.—Sei. Am. Washing the Inside of the Body, The following i of Dr. Jecksnn are good In a measure, hnt it shonld not be forgotten that extreme dosing with water is a decidedly weakening process. The principle is abunt the esmeé as that involved in the Turkish hath—a little 01 it goes a great ways : There Is no cavity in the body which water ia not fitted for, if yon can get it in properly. Why, one of the very best things yon can do is to wash yonr blood; and the great folly we commit in going through our lives lrom childhood to grave simply is that we do not wash our blood as we onght. Inlusions of coffee, tea, chocolate or coooa, or older or beer do not wash the blood, because with the flnid so taken in, something is taken in also which befouls and defiles the blood. Just let a man say to himself, it is Saturday night, I hsve worked hard all the week, and Sunday shall be a day of rest to me. I ‘am now going to give my whole eystem, between this and Monday mnrning, a good thorongh washing. So he begins to drink and drink, and drinks bot little at a time; yet between Saturday night and Monday mornlug a healthy man can drink, without prodncing any disturbance, a gallon of water. Now, let this come into aud go throngh his circnlation, throngh Inngs and sca, and kidneys and bowels, the waste materials are carried ont, and when Monday morning comes, if he jnmpe ont of bed and givcs his external skin a good paphing the water that he washes in will be foul. Or, if he prefers to test that qnestion even more thoronghly, all he has to do is to take a clean sheet, and wetting it in good, soft, pare water, he wrapped up in it, and lie fortyfive or sixty minutes, and then have the sheet washed in a tnb of water, and it will color the water so thst it will look dirty. The man has been washed inside; his blood has been washed. When you have washed hie blocd, tissues, benes, nerve, mnsele, sinew, membrane and brain, and everything in him, he can defy all pestilence for that week. The washing of a person’e iuside is as necessary as the washing of a person's outside, and the washing ofa persen is twice as necesssry as the washing of © person’s clothes, and yet there are those who are very particnlar tc have their clothes washed with great care who are not at all psrtionlar to wesh themselves. Symmetay. —The following proportions are those nsually given in works on statnery and painting, and ,are generally known, bnt will bear repetition: The whole hnman figure shonld be six timee the length of the feet. Whether the form be slender or plump, thernle holds good; and deviation from it is a departure from the ‘highest beanty of proportious, The Greeke made all their atatues according to this rule. The face, from the highest point of forehead where the hair begine, to the chiu is one-tenth of ‘the whole stature, Thé hend, . from the wrist to the little finger is the same. from the top of the chest to the highest pert of the forehead is the seventh. If the face, from the rocts of the hair to the chin, be divided into three eqnal .parts, the first division determinee the place where the eyebrows meet, ond the aecond the place of the nostrils. Hight from the feet to the top of the héad is the diatance from the extremities ot the fingers when the arms are extended, New anp ConvENIENT Meruop or CaUreRIzinG. The eschar produced by nitrate of silver is olten too superficial, even thongh the applicatione are frequentlyrepeated. Del Greoo recommende tbe nse of a emell cylinder or pencil of polished zinc, Alter applying the nitrete of eilver the zinc is to be paesed eeveral times over the surface already whitened by the caustic. The parts immediately asenme a blackened hne, and the ceuterizing action is eeen to grednally become deeper. The escher is detached in from 12 to 24 honre. The degree of deetruction prodneed depends upon the thoroughoess of the applications and the natare of the tissuee to which they are applied. Lrrz.—We live literally by dying, und pérpetnally change every atom one by ene. Life consists in perishing end renewing, and we are susteined by giving and taking. Every meel is a reecne from deeth, an instrnment by which we stave off the inroeds and wasie which heat, cold, atmospheric effecte and exerciee meke on onr orgenio life. Dr. Boerd pnte it thne: The golden decede is from 30 to 40; the eilver decade, 40 to 50; the brezen, 20 to 30; the iron, 50 to 60; and from 60 to 70 we leern whether the iron ie forged or only caet. According to the doctor’e estimate, we are at onr best from 38 to 46, when enthneiasm, jndgment and experience are balanced. After that dete enthusiasm declioes, jodgmeut grows timid, and thongh experience enlarges, there comes a time when it ceeses to have any ednceting power. SwatLtowme 4 Toot Cxaxst.—It ie reported thet in the different prisons of Parie there are five or eix deatha every yeer from the effect of swallowing whet is known ae an ‘’ escape-box.”’ -This remarkable box ie mede for the especiel accommodation of prisonere. It is of polished steel, abont three inchee loog, and contaiue turnserews, hemmers, eilk threed end other implements necessary for eecepe. The hor eppears to he eesily ewallowed, but ecmetimes faile to reappear ae intended, aud the deeth of the victim is the resnit. But when it doee pase the bowele, the lncky prisoner ie prepared to ent the thickest iron bars and set himeelf at liberty.