Volume 35 (1877) (426 pages)

202 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS. [September 29, 1877. Custom Mills. Mr. C. Berger, the Superintendent of the San Francisco copper mining company, at Spenceville, thinks that oue great drawback to the development of mines in this county results from the fact that mine owners all want to reduce their own ores. As soon as the prospector finds a ledge that will pay, he at once makes arrangements for the erection of a quartz mill. From want of experience, or knowledge of working ores, he wastes ahout half the gold in the rock; and the result geuerally is that his mine fails to pay, aud he at last reluctantly is compelled to shut it down. That this is the experience of a large proportion of miners there isno donbt. Mr. Berger thinks the reduction of ores in one district ought to be done by one or two companies; that the miner should attend only to mining, and be able to sell his ores to reduction companies at prices hetter than he can ohtain by the present modes of working. He thinks that reduction companies with ample . eapital could adopt all the best improved methods of working ores, and by employing none but the most experienced workmen they could save amuch larger percentage of gold than is now doue and thereby be able to pay the miner more than be at present receives; hesides, it would save miners the expense of erecting mills and hlindly experimenting with them. We are inclined to helieve the idea is a correct one. A man may be a good miner and not know anything abont reducing ores. It does not follow that the owner of a mine should reduce his own rock more than that a farmer who raises wheat should erect a grist mill to make it up into flour. If a large reduction company should be organized in this district, and could purchase all the ores of the district at the mines at a fair valuation, it would he the meaus of opening dozens of ledges uow uuworked hecause -the owners are unahle to erect machinery. Such a compauy could erect mills wherever needed, and by employing scientific men and using the latest improvements, could save much of the gold that now goes to waste and does no onc good. The idea looks feasible tous. The owner of sheep clips his wool and it is taken to tbe woolen mill to be made iuto cloth. The producer of wheat takes bis crop to the custom mill to be made into flour. The cottou producer sends his bales to the mill for manufacture, and why should not the miner send his ore to the mill to he worked? Rock would then go through the hands of men who make a specialty of reducing. It could be scientifically tested -before heing worked. By such means improvements would soon be made that would saye to the world a great waste now going on wherever mining is prosecuted.—Vev. Gazette. Tue Action oF Ors on Copper.—In a paper before the British Association, ‘‘ On the Action of Various Fatty Oils upou Copper,” Wm. H. Watsou, F.C.8., gave in detail a number of experiments, showing the extent of which 10 different oils act upon copper. The result of the experimeutsseemed to show that paratiiueand castor have the least action upou copper, and that the action of sperm oil and seal oil is slight. ‘Linseed, almond, olive, sesame, neatsfoot and colza produced considerable action upon copper, linseed oil being most active. The author coneluded, from his experimeuts, that the comparative action of different oils cannot be correctly decided iu all cases simply from the appearance of the oils after exposure to copper plates, though minute quantities of the metal might be easily detected in most oils from the color which is produced by such exposure. Au associate expressed gratification at the results of Mr. Watson’s experiments, as they confirmed the results of bis own. He felt that he should he quite competeut, with the aid of what he had now learned, to do that which he had long been attempting—to bring toa bigher state of perfection oils for the purpose of lubrication. Enauiso Roaps.—The English, at all events, says a letter-writer, know how to make roads. Their wood pavements are magnificent. Loudon bas set the fashion of wood, aud Liverpool is beginuing to follow it; bnt there are no pavements iu the States tv touch these wooden roads of England. They are laid on foundations which in some cases have been solidifying since the days of the Romaus, _ On these fouudations they lay macadam and cement several feet deep, and then come blocks of pine, laid with mosaic-like accuracy. There is a piece of wood pavement of this kind in Oxford street, London, which has not beeu repaired for over two years, and it looks as substantial and perfect as when it was first laid down. The average price of this kind of pavement is about $4 per square yard, and the companies keep it iu order for two years without charge, and then guarantee it for 15 years at an annual charge of 25 cents per square yard for maintenance, which euables the pavers to relay the road, if necessary, after eight or ten years. RECLAMATION or THE ZupER ZrE.—Active preparatious are going on for the commencemeut of the loug-projected work of draining the Zuyder Zee. A dam nearly 25 miles long is to he carried across the gulf, and upon this pumping machines of 10,000 horse-power are to be placed, capable of discharging 6,500,000 cubic meters of water daily from the inclosed sea. It is estimated that the work will occupy 16 years, and that it will cost 335,000,000 francs, The scheme, if completed, will form one of the greatest engineering feats of the world.—Hngineering News, [Estahlished 1860.] “The Mining and Scientific Press. THIS PUBLICATION, SOQ VALUABLE FOR MINERS, MECHANICS, SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL MEN, Is now in its THIRTY-FIFTH Volume. It has ever heen, and will continue to he, the aim and object of the publishers to make the Press A Practical and Interesting Journal. . To this end, we aim, through the constant watchfulness of our editors and correspondents, to seize upon everything new in the way of mining and the various processes connected with the saving and separating of the precious metals, and to place the same hefore our readers at the earliest day. It has heen well said that ~ A Newspaper is a Window Through which men look upon all that is going on in the world. Our window is a special one, so placed and arranged as to hring within the scope of its vision all that is going on In the World of Mining, Mechanics and Science. Without a paper of this kind, the miner or mechanic is shut up in a small room or shop, and can know but little of what is going on in the world around him in relation to his particular calling In this age of rapid progress hooks are necessarily slow and hehind the times. It is only through papers devoted to the specialty which be has chosen that one can he easily apprised of the discoveries and improvements which are constantly heing made hy his fellow workers, and without a knowledge of which he soon hecomes a laggard in the race. The Value to the Community Of such publications in disseminating important information, in checking useless and exploded experiments, and in instigating important enterprises. can scarcely he overrated. Through them the readings and ohservations of thousands are collected and collated, and hrougbt directly to the shop or table of the reader without any effort of his own. For a mere trifle of cost he is regularly furnished with an encyclopedia of just the information he needs—an unhound hook forever issuing hut never finished. Nowhere in the Wide World Is such an aid more needed than hy the miner of California. mine and in the placer. We have here It is needed alike in the mlll, in the The Largest Mining Field on the Globe, Embracing a variety of minerals nowhere else found within be houndartes a single field, We have here, also, men gathered from every quarter cf the glo, rreg rg witn them the collective wisdom of the world, Useful, Practical and Directly from the Field Of labor, The mustiuess of hooks has been hrushed away, and their minds are stored not only with the experience of the past, hut also with the practice of the present. It is to this fact tha we are indehted for our present Able List of Correspondents, Through whom we are able to promise to our readers so much that cannot be collected in the mere routine of office work. By the aid of such help our editors will he able, during the coming months, to do more than ever in furnishing information which shall he Fresh, Novel and Interesting, And which shall comprise all that is known of the latest and best means for saving gold and silver, and for economizing lahor and cost in that direction. Our Illustration Department Will stilt always fos um an important feature, and no effort will be spared to make it of the greatest possible locai and general interest to our readers. The important matter of Home Manufactures and Inventions Will also largely occupy the attention of the publishers and editors, and will he constantly encouraged, as an important means of furnishing employment to those who are seeking our shores, and adding to the wealth of the Pacific coast. The Large and Increasing Circulation Of a journal thus devoted exclusively to usefnl and practical information, spcaks more in our he half than anything we could say of oursolves, and is an encouragement to its further increase, es pecially in these times of trifling and trashy journalism. The class of readers who are interested in such a publication as this bave no need to he any thing more thau merely reminded that snck journals are necessarily more costly than those of a lighter class, such as are read hy the ‘‘milliou,” and thrown aside as soon as read. Considering the character and location of the Mrnrne any Screntiric Press, our rates are as favorahle as can possibly he afforded and do justice to the great industries in aid of which we are !shoring. Sussoriprion—$4 a year, in advance. Samples free to those who will assistin obtaining suhscrihers. DEWEY & C0, Publishers and Patent Agents. No, 202 Sansome, N. E. Corner Pine St., 8S. P. DEWEY & CO. American & Foreign Patent Agents OFFICE, 202 SANSOME Sr., N.E.Cor. Pins, 8. PF. PATENTS obtained promptly; Caveats filed expeditiously; Patent Reissues ‘taken out Assignments made and recorded in legal form; Copies of Patents and Assignments procured; Examinations of Patents made here and at Washington; Examinations made of Assignments recorded in Wasbington; Examinations ordered and reported by Telegraph; Rejected cases taken up and Patents obtained; Inter ferences Prosecuted; Opinions rendered re garding the validity of Patents and Assignments; Every legitimate branch of Patent Agency Business promptly and thoroughly conducted. Our intimate knowledge of the various inventions of this coast, aud long practice in patent busiuess, enable us to abundantly satisfy our patrons; and our success and business are ._constantly increasing. The sbrewdest and most experienced Inventors are found among our most steadfast friends and patrons, who fully appreciate our advantages in bringing valuahle inventions to the notice of the public through the columns of our widely circulated, first-class jonurnals— thereby facilitating their introduction, sale aud popularity. Foreign Patents. In addition to American Patents, we secure, witb tbe assistance of co-operative agents, claims in all foreign countries which grant Patents, including Great Britain, Frauce, Belgium, Prussia, Austria, Baden, Peru, Russia, Spain, British India, Saxony, British Columhia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Mexico, Victoria, Brazil, Bavaria, Holland, Denmark, lialy, Portugal, Cuba, Roman States, Wurtemburg, New Zealand, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Brazil, New Grauada, Chile, Argentine Republic, AND EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLD where Pateuts are obtainable. No models are required in Kuropean countries, but the drawings and specifications should he prepared with thoroughness, by able persons who are familiar with the requirements and changes of foreign patent laws—agents who are reliable and permanently established. Our schedule price for obtaining foreign patents, in all cases, will always be as low, and in some instances lower, than those of any other responsible agency. We can and do get foreign patents for inventors in the Pacific States from two to six months (according to the location of the country) soonrr than any other agents, The principal portion of the patent business of this coast has been done, and is still being done, through our agency. We are familiar with, and have full records, of all former cases, and can more correctly judge of the value and patentability of inventions discovered bere than any other agents, Situated so remote from the seat of government, delays are even more dangerous to the inventors of the Pacific Coast than to applicants in the Eastern States. Valuable patents may be lost by extra time consumed in transmitting specifications from Eastern agencies back to this coast for the signature of the inventor. Confidential. We take great pains to preserve secrecy in all confidential matters, and applicants for patents can rest assured that their communications and business transactions will be held strictly confidential by us. Circulars free Home Counsel. Our long experience in ohtaining patents for Inventors on this Coast has familiarizéd us with the character of most of the inventions already patented; hence we are frequently able to save our patrons the cost of a fruitless application by pointing to them the same thing already covered hy a patent. We are always ‘free to advise applicants of any knowledge we bave of previous applicants which will interfere with their obtrining a patent. We invite the acqnaintance of all pu.ties connected with inventions aud patent right business, believing that the mutual conference of legitimate busiuess and professional meu 1s mutual gain. Parties in doubt iu regard to their rights as assignees of pateuts or purchasers of patented articles, can often receive advice of importance to them from a short call at our office. Remittances of money, made by individual inyentors to the Government, sometimes miscarry, and it has repeatedly happened that applicants have not only lost their money, but their inventions also, from this canse and con sequentdelay. We hold ourselves responsible for all fees entrusted to our agency. Engravings. We bave superior artists in our own office, and all facilities for producing fine and satisfactory illustratious of inventions and machinery, for newspaper, book,circular and otber printed illustrations, and are always ready to assist patrons in hringing their valuable discoveries into practical and profitahle use. DEWEY & CO. United States and Foreign Patent Agents, publishers Mining aud Scientific Press and the Pacific Rural Press, 202 Sansome St., N. E, corner Fiue, 8. F. ee

202 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS. [September 29, 1877. Custom Mills. Mr. C. Berger, the Superintendent of the San Francisco copper mining company, at Spenceville, thinks that oue great drawback to the development of mines in this county results from the fact that mine owners all want to reduce their own ores. As soon as the prospector finds a ledge that will pay, he at once makes arrangements for the erection of a quartz mill. From want of experience, or knowledge of working ores, he wastes ahout half the gold in the rock; and the result geuerally is that his mine fails to pay, aud he at last reluctantly is compelled to shut it down. That this is the experience of a large proportion of miners there isno donbt. Mr. Berger thinks the reduction of ores in one district ought to be done by one or two companies; that the miner should attend only to mining, and be able to sell his ores to reduction companies at prices hetter than he can ohtain by the present modes of working. He thinks that reduction companies with ample . eapital could adopt all the best improved methods of working ores, and by employing none but the most experienced workmen they could save amuch larger percentage of gold than is now doue and thereby be able to pay the miner more than be at present receives; hesides, it would save miners the expense of erecting mills and hlindly experimenting with them. We are inclined to helieve the idea is a correct one. A man may be a good miner and not know anything abont reducing ores. It does not follow that the owner of a mine should reduce his own rock more than that a farmer who raises wheat should erect a grist mill to make it up into flour. If a large reduction company should be organized in this district, and could purchase all the ores of the district at the mines at a fair valuation, it would he the meaus of opening dozens of ledges uow uuworked hecause -the owners are unahle to erect machinery. Such a compauy could erect mills wherever needed, and by employing scientific men and using the latest improvements, could save much of the gold that now goes to waste and does no onc good. The idea looks feasible tous. The owner of sheep clips his wool and it is taken to tbe woolen mill to be made iuto cloth. The producer of wheat takes bis crop to the custom mill to be made into flour. The cottou producer sends his bales to the mill for manufacture, and why should not the miner send his ore to the mill to he worked? Rock would then go through the hands of men who make a specialty of reducing. It could be scientifically tested -before heing worked. By such means improvements would soon be made that would saye to the world a great waste now going on wherever mining is prosecuted.—Vev. Gazette. Tue Action oF Ors on Copper.—In a paper before the British Association, ‘‘ On the Action of Various Fatty Oils upou Copper,” Wm. H. Watsou, F.C.8., gave in detail a number of experiments, showing the extent of which 10 different oils act upon copper. The result of the experimeutsseemed to show that paratiiueand castor have the least action upou copper, and that the action of sperm oil and seal oil is slight. ‘Linseed, almond, olive, sesame, neatsfoot and colza produced considerable action upon copper, linseed oil being most active. The author coneluded, from his experimeuts, that the comparative action of different oils cannot be correctly decided iu all cases simply from the appearance of the oils after exposure to copper plates, though minute quantities of the metal might be easily detected in most oils from the color which is produced by such exposure. Au associate expressed gratification at the results of Mr. Watson’s experiments, as they confirmed the results of bis own. He felt that he should he quite competeut, with the aid of what he had now learned, to do that which he had long been attempting—to bring toa bigher state of perfection oils for the purpose of lubrication. Enauiso Roaps.—The English, at all events, says a letter-writer, know how to make roads. Their wood pavements are magnificent. Loudon bas set the fashion of wood, aud Liverpool is beginuing to follow it; bnt there are no pavements iu the States tv touch these wooden roads of England. They are laid on foundations which in some cases have been solidifying since the days of the Romaus, _ On these fouudations they lay macadam and cement several feet deep, and then come blocks of pine, laid with mosaic-like accuracy. There is a piece of wood pavement of this kind in Oxford street, London, which has not beeu repaired for over two years, and it looks as substantial and perfect as when it was first laid down. The average price of this kind of pavement is about $4 per square yard, and the companies keep it iu order for two years without charge, and then guarantee it for 15 years at an annual charge of 25 cents per square yard for maintenance, which euables the pavers to relay the road, if necessary, after eight or ten years. RECLAMATION or THE ZupER ZrE.—Active preparatious are going on for the commencemeut of the loug-projected work of draining the Zuyder Zee. A dam nearly 25 miles long is to he carried across the gulf, and upon this pumping machines of 10,000 horse-power are to be placed, capable of discharging 6,500,000 cubic meters of water daily from the inclosed sea. It is estimated that the work will occupy 16 years, and that it will cost 335,000,000 francs, The scheme, if completed, will form one of the greatest engineering feats of the world.—Hngineering News, [Estahlished 1860.] “The Mining and Scientific Press. THIS PUBLICATION, SOQ VALUABLE FOR MINERS, MECHANICS, SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL MEN, Is now in its THIRTY-FIFTH Volume. It has ever heen, and will continue to he, the aim and object of the publishers to make the Press A Practical and Interesting Journal. . To this end, we aim, through the constant watchfulness of our editors and correspondents, to seize upon everything new in the way of mining and the various processes connected with the saving and separating of the precious metals, and to place the same hefore our readers at the earliest day. It has heen well said that ~ A Newspaper is a Window Through which men look upon all that is going on in the world. Our window is a special one, so placed and arranged as to hring within the scope of its vision all that is going on In the World of Mining, Mechanics and Science. Without a paper of this kind, the miner or mechanic is shut up in a small room or shop, and can know but little of what is going on in the world around him in relation to his particular calling In this age of rapid progress hooks are necessarily slow and hehind the times. It is only through papers devoted to the specialty which be has chosen that one can he easily apprised of the discoveries and improvements which are constantly heing made hy his fellow workers, and without a knowledge of which he soon hecomes a laggard in the race. The Value to the Community Of such publications in disseminating important information, in checking useless and exploded experiments, and in instigating important enterprises. can scarcely he overrated. Through them the readings and ohservations of thousands are collected and collated, and hrougbt directly to the shop or table of the reader without any effort of his own. For a mere trifle of cost he is regularly furnished with an encyclopedia of just the information he needs—an unhound hook forever issuing hut never finished. Nowhere in the Wide World Is such an aid more needed than hy the miner of California. mine and in the placer. We have here It is needed alike in the mlll, in the The Largest Mining Field on the Globe, Embracing a variety of minerals nowhere else found within be houndartes a single field, We have here, also, men gathered from every quarter cf the glo, rreg rg witn them the collective

wisdom of the world, Useful, Practical and Directly from the Field Of labor, The mustiuess of hooks has been hrushed away, and their minds are stored not only with the experience of the past, hut also with the practice of the present. It is to this fact tha we are indehted for our present Able List of Correspondents, Through whom we are able to promise to our readers so much that cannot be collected in the mere routine of office work. By the aid of such help our editors will he able, during the coming months, to do more than ever in furnishing information which shall he Fresh, Novel and Interesting, And which shall comprise all that is known of the latest and best means for saving gold and silver, and for economizing lahor and cost in that direction. Our Illustration Department Will stilt always fos um an important feature, and no effort will be spared to make it of the greatest possible locai and general interest to our readers. The important matter of Home Manufactures and Inventions Will also largely occupy the attention of the publishers and editors, and will he constantly encouraged, as an important means of furnishing employment to those who are seeking our shores, and adding to the wealth of the Pacific coast. The Large and Increasing Circulation Of a journal thus devoted exclusively to usefnl and practical information, spcaks more in our he half than anything we could say of oursolves, and is an encouragement to its further increase, es pecially in these times of trifling and trashy journalism. The class of readers who are interested in such a publication as this bave no need to he any thing more thau merely reminded that snck journals are necessarily more costly than those of a lighter class, such as are read hy the ‘‘milliou,” and thrown aside as soon as read. Considering the character and location of the Mrnrne any Screntiric Press, our rates are as favorahle as can possibly he afforded and do justice to the great industries in aid of which we are !shoring. Sussoriprion—$4 a year, in advance. Samples free to those who will assistin obtaining suhscrihers. DEWEY & C0, Publishers and Patent Agents. No, 202 Sansome, N. E. Corner Pine St., 8S. P. DEWEY & CO. American & Foreign Patent Agents OFFICE, 202 SANSOME Sr., N.E.Cor. Pins, 8. PF. PATENTS obtained promptly; Caveats filed expeditiously; Patent Reissues ‘taken out Assignments made and recorded in legal form; Copies of Patents and Assignments procured; Examinations of Patents made here and at Washington; Examinations made of Assignments recorded in Wasbington; Examinations ordered and reported by Telegraph; Rejected cases taken up and Patents obtained; Inter ferences Prosecuted; Opinions rendered re garding the validity of Patents and Assignments; Every legitimate branch of Patent Agency Business promptly and thoroughly conducted. Our intimate knowledge of the various inventions of this coast, aud long practice in patent busiuess, enable us to abundantly satisfy our patrons; and our success and business are ._constantly increasing. The sbrewdest and most experienced Inventors are found among our most steadfast friends and patrons, who fully appreciate our advantages in bringing valuahle inventions to the notice of the public through the columns of our widely circulated, first-class jonurnals— thereby facilitating their introduction, sale aud popularity. Foreign Patents. In addition to American Patents, we secure, witb tbe assistance of co-operative agents, claims in all foreign countries which grant Patents, including Great Britain, Frauce, Belgium, Prussia, Austria, Baden, Peru, Russia, Spain, British India, Saxony, British Columhia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Mexico, Victoria, Brazil, Bavaria, Holland, Denmark, lialy, Portugal, Cuba, Roman States, Wurtemburg, New Zealand, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Brazil, New Grauada, Chile, Argentine Republic, AND EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLD where Pateuts are obtainable. No models are required in Kuropean countries, but the drawings and specifications should he prepared with thoroughness, by able persons who are familiar with the requirements and changes of foreign patent laws—agents who are reliable and permanently established. Our schedule price for obtaining foreign patents, in all cases, will always be as low, and in some instances lower, than those of any other responsible agency. We can and do get foreign patents for inventors in the Pacific States from two to six months (according to the location of the country) soonrr than any other agents, The principal portion of the patent business of this coast has been done, and is still being done, through our agency. We are familiar with, and have full records, of all former cases, and can more correctly judge of the value and patentability of inventions discovered bere than any other agents, Situated so remote from the seat of government, delays are even more dangerous to the inventors of the Pacific Coast than to applicants in the Eastern States. Valuable patents may be lost by extra time consumed in transmitting specifications from Eastern agencies back to this coast for the signature of the inventor. Confidential. We take great pains to preserve secrecy in all confidential matters, and applicants for patents can rest assured that their communications and business transactions will be held strictly confidential by us. Circulars free Home Counsel. Our long experience in ohtaining patents for Inventors on this Coast has familiarizéd us with the character of most of the inventions already patented; hence we are frequently able to save our patrons the cost of a fruitless application by pointing to them the same thing already covered hy a patent. We are always ‘free to advise applicants of any knowledge we bave of previous applicants which will interfere with their obtrining a patent. We invite the acqnaintance of all pu.ties connected with inventions aud patent right business, believing that the mutual conference of legitimate busiuess and professional meu 1s mutual gain. Parties in doubt iu regard to their rights as assignees of pateuts or purchasers of patented articles, can often receive advice of importance to them from a short call at our office. Remittances of money, made by individual inyentors to the Government, sometimes miscarry, and it has repeatedly happened that applicants have not only lost their money, but their inventions also, from this canse and con sequentdelay. We hold ourselves responsible for all fees entrusted to our agency. Engravings. We bave superior artists in our own office, and all facilities for producing fine and satisfactory illustratious of inventions and machinery, for newspaper, book,circular and otber printed illustrations, and are always ready to assist patrons in hringing their valuable discoveries into practical and profitahle use. DEWEY & CO. United States and Foreign Patent Agents, publishers Mining aud Scientific Press and the Pacific Rural Press, 202 Sansome St., N. E, corner Fiue, 8. F. ee