Volume 35 (1877) (426 pages)

An Illustrated Journal of Mining, Popular Science and General News. BY DEWEY & CO., Patent Solicitors, SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, JULY 7, 1877, VOLUME AMXV. Wumber 1, Calculating Machines. The caloulating machine shown on this page is designed to assist in all kinds of comptitation where multiplication and division arc material parts of the work. It is a small instrument ni¢ely made of metal, doing its work in an antomatic manner ad giviug its results in plain figures. The portions of the work most likely to mental crror are taken hy the meghanism ; No oe of the adding, carrying, or trasnposiug are left to the operator, who is simply responsible for the correct, setting up of the data and the correct tnking off of the result. The labor usually required of the hrain is here transferred to the hand. With a machine of this character time is saved on almost any description of work. The calculating machine—though the De Colmar iustrnment is well known and _ highly valued in Europe—is almost an entire novelty in this country. But one American maker has attempted to introduce such a thing, and the few machines now in use hy the larger insurance and railroad companies have been imported by their purchasers. The new machiue here presented is American in invention and nianufacture ; and, though first produced in 1870 and patented in 1872, none were sold until 1876, and it was not perfected for general sale until 1877. Its first appearance in public was at tle Ceutennial Exhihition, where it received a medal and diploma. The report of the judges was extremely favorable to this machine, they deeming it superior to all other instruments in its elass yet produced. At a trial at the Franklin Institute it received the ‘“‘Scott medal.” The committee reported that ‘‘the inachine works with rapidity and certainty, is composed of a comparatively small number of parts, is suh. stantially constructed, not readily disarrauged, and easily operated, effecting a saving of time of over sixty per cent, over ordiuary methods, and relieving the mind from any strain, as well as removing all douht of accuracy. It meets the requirements of practice more fnlly than any other machine designed for a similar purpose.” The engraving will give a general idea of the appearance of the machiue, and serve to illustrate the following description. Its size covers five and-a half by thirteen inches on its hase, and it is about seven inches high. The works are made entirely of metal, mounted on a polished wooden hase hoard. The working parts are steel, and all striking and wearing parts are of tempered steel. The hearings are stecl aud hrass working on cast iron. The gears and cranks are of hrass, and the frame of irou. The frnme, gears, slide, cylinder, crank and all parts that are to he handled, are nickel plated and olished and will not tarnish or rust. The igures on the rings, on the slide and on the wheels in the lower shaft, are stamped in the brass and filled in with hlack ; they show clear and distinct. All numhers to he read are shown in a prominent position, in large ligures, in their proper order. All the mechanism heing in full view, and easy of access, there is no cheap hidden work on the machine. There are hut 150 separate pieces of mechanism, half of which are operative or working pieces, and not one of these can he called small or delicate, either in construction or action. Itis not liable to get out of order hy careless handling. The machine cau he thoroughly understood by any oue, and repaired hy any ordinary machinist or clock repairer. Its action is positive, uniform, and free from sudden motions. It runs with hut little noise. The large upper shaft, or cylinder, is hollow and empty; it is rotated hy the crank, and, hy means of the gear, rotates the lower shaft. On the cylinder moves a slide, which, hy means of a click, can he fixed in eight equidistant positions. The slide carries eight figured riugs, each of which can he “ante set by hand to read either012345678o0r9. The lower shaft carries ten figured toothed wheels, each running on a hub, which is piuned to the shaft. Each wheel has a friction disk hearing against it all around, and hetween it and the next is a single steel lever used in carrying tens. Between the two rotating shafts is a set of teu steel claws, hy means of which any numher set upon the rings in the slide is added to the toothed wheels nnderneath at each turn of the crank. The click at the fnrther end, unless held down, tends to stop the machine at a fixed point. Before starting any computation, the registering wheels must all be brought he read zero, aud this is doue in a second by a half turn hackwards of the crauk. The following is an example in multipliention: Example—367 x 493. Set up 367 on the three upper adding rings, and turn three times; shift the slide up one shift and turn nine times; shift the slide another notch, and fovr turns will complete the operation aud show the result, 180,931, in plain figures on the recording wheels. The eight-figure machine carries eight adding riugs aud ten recording wheels. Any result of ten or less figures will be shown in full, hut if there are more than ten places, ouly the upper ones will he shown. An index to record the mtiltiplier is a convenience and a check upon error in turning, hnt, as it is merely an accessory, it is applied only when specially ordered. To multiply ahove eight places into eight places directly, a larger machine is required; hut hy dividing the factors into sections, and adding the partial products, prohlems of any extent may he worked. A special machine is made for the special case where formulz is worked, iu which one set of factors, a, b,c, d, ete., are the same for a large number of computations, Itis of the same geueral design a8 the ordinary machine, but instead of aslide carrying a single numher, there is a slide capable of carrying several separate numhers. Either quantity can he quickly hrought into working position, without heing set up anew, and each product as fonnd adds itself, or suhstracts itself, to those already recorded, saving much time and lahor, and ensuring rigid accuracy. At the same time, the compound machine is useful for ordinary work, for the compound slide takes off, and is easily replaced hy an ordinary slide. The following is an example in division: Set up the dividend, 180,931 for example, on the wheels, either hy transferring from the rings, or hy turning the wheels hy hand. Set up the divisor, 493, hy the smaller figures on the upper three rings, setting it as 492, the units place always one less, Now, it is apparent that 4.9, or, roughly, 5, will he contained in 18 ahout three times, and three turns of the cranks will ohtain the first quotient figure three. The second and third are obtaiued iu precisely the same way. The quotient 367 will have recorded itself automatically on the uppermost recording wheels, and the lower wheels will show the remainder, if any. Anindex is useless in dividing. The machine has an advantage of three to one over common logarithms, in points of time, ease and accuracy. It is much easier and quicker to work with natural sines, tangents, etc, aud natural numhers upon the machine, than to use the common logarithmic method, It is only in the case of roots and high powers that the logarithmic method is equal to the mechanical. These machines cost from $100 to $200, and are manufactured only by the inventor, Geo. B. Grant, 94 Beverly street, Boston, Mass, who will furnish further information to those desiring it. Mining in Amador. We are iuformed that they have passed through the ledge of the Doyle and Ida mines, situated in Hunt’s gulch, near Jackson, Amador county. The vein appears to be about 38 feet in width, between the walls. The quartz which carries the sulphurets is about five feet in width, The rest of the ledge contains free gold. The prospects are said to he as rich as any in the State. The further they get into it the more it improves. The ground can he cheaply worked hy water power, there heing from 400 to 500 feet water pressure. A mill and other machinery will be erected as soon as possihle. We are told that with a small force of men they can take out nearly 100 tons of ore every 24 hours. The discovery of these two mines was made hy William Doyle, an old Californian, and Capt. Beck. The management of the mines will he conducted hy the latter and Capt. Weeks, hoth of whom are favorahly knowu as Lake Superior miners as well as in mining districts on this coast. There are many such mines as these in this State in which capital could he advantageously iuvested. Legitimate enterprises in California will be found to he more profitahle than stock gambliug ventures iu the longrun. By opening up the riches of the interior of the State GRANT'S CALCULATING MACHINE. employment will be found for the many idle ersons now thronging in the cities and towns. There are hundreds of mines throughout this State which would soon hecome hullion producers aud profitahle investments if they were put in the right shape for convenient working. It needs mouey to do this, however, and unfortunately in most cases the owners are without funds to develop them properly. Nevapa County Minzs.—H. D. sends us the following items from Nevada county, Cal.: Prospecting has heen very lively this spring, and that part of the county heretofore almost uuknown, hecause it was away from the main roads, has drawn the attention of mining experts hy the discovery of several valuahle qurtz ledges. Among others, Mr. O. Helgeson and several other parties have opened up two new ledges in Big Canyon creek, ahout seven miles from Washington and ahout one-half mile north of the well-kuown Yuha and Fall Creek mines, These ledges are, the one three and a half and the other five aud a half feet wide; the croppings have heen traced for 2,500 feet. Oue of these is on the extension of the Yuha lead. Plenty of free gold is to he seen in the quartz, but as it comes out of the mines without assorting, it will mill $18 aton, Although hy digging one-half mile of a ditch the owners would have from 200 to 300 inches of free water all the year round, yet they are not doing much on their claims hesides tunueling hecause they are not able to erect a mill. They have run a tunnel of 80 feet into one ledge which hrougbt thein 100 tons of ore on their dump-pile, and they claim that the ore-body is increasing in width as well ag in quality. Academy of Sciences. The regular meeting of the California Academy of Scieuces was held on Monday eveniug, Professor Davidson iu the chair. A donation to the cabinet was received from Thomas R. Bard, of Hueneme, Veutura county, California, accompanied by a letter of explanatiou, in the shape of specimens of lish, supposed to be trout, thrown up from an artesian well 141 fect deep, hored in the sand-hills near that place. The well, which is nearly 300 feet from high-water mark, was hored in 1871, and every year since has thrown out immense quantities of freshlyspawned fish in April aud May. The first fish this year were observed in March. The well is capped, having three 2-inch apertures, from one of which people were in the hahit of filling harrels with water for household uses, In that way the presence of fish was discovered in 1872. The cap was removed, and fish were ejected in incredible quantities, until the cap was replaced. Ina hucketful, one-fourth of the weight of the contents was fish. It is proved that these fish have appeared every year, hut it wns only recently that much attention was paid to the phenomena. The pipe is badly rusted, so that one-half of the water escapes aud exudes from the surface, carrying up fish, which are forced hy a strong current through conduits into small lakes, where sea hirds eagerly devour them, These fish are of various sizes, the largest ahout an inch in lengh, The nearest stream where fish are found is Santa Paula ereek, 25 miles from the well, but it empties into the Santa Clara river, distamt seven miles, at a point 20 miles distaut. Fish cannot live in that stream on accouut of the ever shifting sands in its channel. In eat to this fish story, Prof. Davidson said he knew Mr. Bard, and had no doubt that he had not heen deceived. Something of the same kiud was observed in Sauta Clara county, near San Jose, where redwood sawdust was thrown from the artesian well, many miles distant from the mills in the mountains ou the west side of the peninsula. Mr. Stearns read an obituary memorial of Dr. Carpeuter, correspouding member of the Academy. Dr. Kellogg read a paper on a new genus of shrubs from the coast of Lower California, dedicated to the collector, the late Dr. J. A. Veatch, Ve thehea fruiticosa. This shruh prohably has medical value, as the hark is intensely hitter. Dr. Kellogg also read a description of a new composite shruh, Jvriais Concolor, receutly collected by Mr. Fisher, near Mazatlan, Mexico; also, a new Qnothera, or a species of primrose, G@nothera rosacaulis, collected by Mr. J. Muir, in the Sierra Nevada mountains, Prof. Davidson read a paper ou the breakwater of Alderney, and gave his conclusious from his previous papers on harhors, as to the hest, safest, most readily applied and cheapest plan for hreakwaters and harbors of refuge on the Pacific coast. The resiguation of Edward F. Hall, Treasurer, was accepted. Dr. Stout introduced Dr. L. Savatier and Mr. Leon de Cessac, from the French frigate Magicienne, to whom the nsual courtesies were extended. It was stated that Dr. Savatier had superintended a hotanical survey of Japau, and Mr. de Cessac was on a government mission to look after the natural history during the expedition. Tue shaft of the Eureka claim, at Grass Valley, has beeu covered over and work suspended. This mine has been one of the hest paying properties in California. It was opeued in October, 1865, and has produced ahout $4,500,000, of which $2,094,000 has heen paid to stockholders in dividends. There have been no assessmeuts. This is the second Grass Valley mine ahandoned within the past two years, the other heing the North Star, once a prosperous dividend payiug claim, which many helieve has never heen worked out. Tue famous Silver Islet mine, on Lake Superior, has come to wrist Trouhle hetween share owners and the bondholders has culminated in shutting down the mine. Besides this it is said that while the vein coutinues large, the percentage of silver is growing discouragingly small,

An Illustrated Journal of Mining, Popular Science and General News. BY DEWEY & CO., Patent Solicitors, SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, JULY 7, 1877, VOLUME AMXV. Wumber 1, Calculating Machines. The caloulating machine shown on this page is designed to assist in all kinds of comptitation where multiplication and division arc material parts of the work. It is a small instrument ni¢ely made of metal, doing its work in an antomatic manner ad giviug its results in plain figures. The portions of the work most likely to mental crror are taken hy the meghanism ; No oe of the adding, carrying, or trasnposiug are left to the operator, who is simply responsible for the correct, setting up of the data and the correct tnking off of the result. The labor usually required of the hrain is here transferred to the hand. With a machine of this character time is saved on almost any description of work. The calculating machine—though the De Colmar iustrnment is well known and _ highly valued in Europe—is almost an entire novelty in this country. But one American maker has attempted to introduce such a thing, and the few machines now in use hy the larger insurance and railroad companies have been imported by their purchasers. The new machiue here presented is American in invention and nianufacture ; and, though first produced in 1870 and patented in 1872, none were sold until 1876, and it was not perfected for general sale until 1877. Its first appearance in public was at tle Ceutennial Exhihition, where it received a medal and diploma. The report of the judges was extremely favorable to this machine, they deeming it superior to all other instruments in its elass yet produced. At a trial at the Franklin Institute it received the ‘“‘Scott medal.” The committee reported that ‘‘the inachine works with rapidity and certainty, is composed of a comparatively small number of parts, is suh. stantially constructed, not readily disarrauged, and easily operated, effecting a saving of time of over sixty per cent, over ordiuary methods, and relieving the mind from any strain, as well as removing all douht of accuracy. It meets the requirements of practice more fnlly than any other machine designed for a similar purpose.” The engraving will give a general idea of the appearance of the machiue, and serve to illustrate the following description. Its size covers five and-a half by thirteen inches on its hase, and it is about seven inches high. The works are made entirely of metal, mounted on a polished wooden hase hoard. The working parts are steel, and all striking and wearing parts are of tempered steel. The hearings are stecl aud hrass working on cast iron. The gears and cranks are of hrass, and the frame of irou. The frnme, gears, slide, cylinder, crank and all parts that are to he handled, are nickel plated and olished and will not tarnish or rust. The igures on the rings, on the slide and on the wheels in the lower shaft, are stamped in the brass and filled in with hlack ; they show clear and distinct. All numhers to he read are shown in a prominent position, in large ligures, in their proper order. All the mechanism heing in full view, and easy of access, there is no cheap hidden work on the machine. There are hut 150 separate pieces of mechanism, half of which are operative or working pieces, and not one of these can he called small or delicate, either in construction or action. Itis not liable to get out of order hy careless handling. The machine cau he thoroughly understood by any oue, and repaired hy any ordinary machinist or clock repairer. Its action is positive, uniform, and free from sudden motions. It runs with hut little noise. The large upper shaft, or cylinder, is hollow and empty; it is rotated hy the crank, and, hy means of the gear, rotates the lower shaft. On the cylinder moves a slide, which, hy means of a click, can he fixed in eight equidistant positions. The slide carries eight figured riugs, each of which can he “ante set by hand to read either012345678o0r9. The lower shaft carries ten figured toothed wheels, each running on a hub, which is piuned to the shaft. Each wheel has a friction disk hearing against it all around, and hetween it and the next is a single steel lever used in carrying tens. Between the two rotating shafts is a set of teu steel claws, hy means of which any numher set upon the rings in the slide is added to the toothed wheels nnderneath at each turn of the crank. The click at the fnrther end, unless held down, tends to stop the machine at a fixed point. Before starting any computation, the registering wheels must all be brought he read zero, aud this is doue in a second by a half turn hackwards of the crauk. The following is an example in multipliention: Example—367 x 493. Set up 367 on the three upper adding rings, and turn three times; shift the slide up one shift and turn nine times; shift the slide another notch, and fovr turns will complete the operation aud show the result, 180,931, in plain figures on the recording wheels. The eight-figure machine carries eight adding riugs aud ten recording wheels. Any result of ten or less figures will be shown in full, hut if there are more than ten places, ouly the upper ones will he shown. An index to record the mtiltiplier is a convenience and a check upon error in turning, hnt, as it is merely an accessory, it is applied only when specially ordered. To multiply ahove eight places into eight places directly, a larger machine is required; hut hy dividing the factors into sections, and adding the partial products, prohlems of any extent may he worked. A special machine is made for the special case where formulz is worked, iu which one set of factors, a, b,c, d, ete., are the same for a large number of computations, Itis of the same geueral design a8 the ordinary machine, but instead of aslide carrying a single numher, there is a slide capable of carrying several separate numhers. Either quantity can he quickly hrought into working position, without heing set up anew, and each product as fonnd adds itself, or suhstracts itself, to those already recorded, saving much time and lahor, and ensuring rigid accuracy. At the same time, the compound machine is useful for ordinary work, for the compound slide takes off, and is easily replaced hy an ordinary slide. The following is an example in division: Set up the dividend, 180,931 for example, on the wheels, either hy transferring from the rings, or hy turning the wheels hy hand. Set up the divisor, 493, hy the smaller figures on the upper three rings, setting it as 492, the units place always one less, Now, it is apparent that 4.9, or, roughly, 5, will he contained in 18 ahout three times, and three turns of the cranks will ohtain the first quotient figure three. The second and third are obtaiued iu precisely the same way. The quotient 367 will have recorded itself automatically on the uppermost recording wheels, and the lower wheels will show the remainder, if any. Anindex is useless in dividing. The machine has an advantage of three to one over common logarithms, in points of time, ease and accuracy. It is much easier and quicker to work with natural sines, tangents, etc, aud natural numhers upon the machine, than to use the common logarithmic method, It is only in

the case of roots and high powers that the logarithmic method is equal to the mechanical. These machines cost from $100 to $200, and are manufactured only by the inventor, Geo. B. Grant, 94 Beverly street, Boston, Mass, who will furnish further information to those desiring it. Mining in Amador. We are iuformed that they have passed through the ledge of the Doyle and Ida mines, situated in Hunt’s gulch, near Jackson, Amador county. The vein appears to be about 38 feet in width, between the walls. The quartz which carries the sulphurets is about five feet in width, The rest of the ledge contains free gold. The prospects are said to he as rich as any in the State. The further they get into it the more it improves. The ground can he cheaply worked hy water power, there heing from 400 to 500 feet water pressure. A mill and other machinery will be erected as soon as possihle. We are told that with a small force of men they can take out nearly 100 tons of ore every 24 hours. The discovery of these two mines was made hy William Doyle, an old Californian, and Capt. Beck. The management of the mines will he conducted hy the latter and Capt. Weeks, hoth of whom are favorahly knowu as Lake Superior miners as well as in mining districts on this coast. There are many such mines as these in this State in which capital could he advantageously iuvested. Legitimate enterprises in California will be found to he more profitahle than stock gambliug ventures iu the longrun. By opening up the riches of the interior of the State GRANT'S CALCULATING MACHINE. employment will be found for the many idle ersons now thronging in the cities and towns. There are hundreds of mines throughout this State which would soon hecome hullion producers aud profitahle investments if they were put in the right shape for convenient working. It needs mouey to do this, however, and unfortunately in most cases the owners are without funds to develop them properly. Nevapa County Minzs.—H. D. sends us the following items from Nevada county, Cal.: Prospecting has heen very lively this spring, and that part of the county heretofore almost uuknown, hecause it was away from the main roads, has drawn the attention of mining experts hy the discovery of several valuahle qurtz ledges. Among others, Mr. O. Helgeson and several other parties have opened up two new ledges in Big Canyon creek, ahout seven miles from Washington and ahout one-half mile north of the well-kuown Yuha and Fall Creek mines, These ledges are, the one three and a half and the other five aud a half feet wide; the croppings have heen traced for 2,500 feet. Oue of these is on the extension of the Yuha lead. Plenty of free gold is to he seen in the quartz, but as it comes out of the mines without assorting, it will mill $18 aton, Although hy digging one-half mile of a ditch the owners would have from 200 to 300 inches of free water all the year round, yet they are not doing much on their claims hesides tunueling hecause they are not able to erect a mill. They have run a tunnel of 80 feet into one ledge which hrougbt thein 100 tons of ore on their dump-pile, and they claim that the ore-body is increasing in width as well ag in quality. Academy of Sciences. The regular meeting of the California Academy of Scieuces was held on Monday eveniug, Professor Davidson iu the chair. A donation to the cabinet was received from Thomas R. Bard, of Hueneme, Veutura county, California, accompanied by a letter of explanatiou, in the shape of specimens of lish, supposed to be trout, thrown up from an artesian well 141 fect deep, hored in the sand-hills near that place. The well, which is nearly 300 feet from high-water mark, was hored in 1871, and every year since has thrown out immense quantities of freshlyspawned fish in April aud May. The first fish this year were observed in March. The well is capped, having three 2-inch apertures, from one of which people were in the hahit of filling harrels with water for household uses, In that way the presence of fish was discovered in 1872. The cap was removed, and fish were ejected in incredible quantities, until the cap was replaced. Ina hucketful, one-fourth of the weight of the contents was fish. It is proved that these fish have appeared every year, hut it wns only recently that much attention was paid to the phenomena. The pipe is badly rusted, so that one-half of the water escapes aud exudes from the surface, carrying up fish, which are forced hy a strong current through conduits into small lakes, where sea hirds eagerly devour them, These fish are of various sizes, the largest ahout an inch in lengh, The nearest stream where fish are found is Santa Paula ereek, 25 miles from the well, but it empties into the Santa Clara river, distamt seven miles, at a point 20 miles distaut. Fish cannot live in that stream on accouut of the ever shifting sands in its channel. In eat to this fish story, Prof. Davidson said he knew Mr. Bard, and had no doubt that he had not heen deceived. Something of the same kiud was observed in Sauta Clara county, near San Jose, where redwood sawdust was thrown from the artesian well, many miles distant from the mills in the mountains ou the west side of the peninsula. Mr. Stearns read an obituary memorial of Dr. Carpeuter, correspouding member of the Academy. Dr. Kellogg read a paper on a new genus of shrubs from the coast of Lower California, dedicated to the collector, the late Dr. J. A. Veatch, Ve thehea fruiticosa. This shruh prohably has medical value, as the hark is intensely hitter. Dr. Kellogg also read a description of a new composite shruh, Jvriais Concolor, receutly collected by Mr. Fisher, near Mazatlan, Mexico; also, a new Qnothera, or a species of primrose, G@nothera rosacaulis, collected by Mr. J. Muir, in the Sierra Nevada mountains, Prof. Davidson read a paper ou the breakwater of Alderney, and gave his conclusious from his previous papers on harhors, as to the hest, safest, most readily applied and cheapest plan for hreakwaters and harbors of refuge on the Pacific coast. The resiguation of Edward F. Hall, Treasurer, was accepted. Dr. Stout introduced Dr. L. Savatier and Mr. Leon de Cessac, from the French frigate Magicienne, to whom the nsual courtesies were extended. It was stated that Dr. Savatier had superintended a hotanical survey of Japau, and Mr. de Cessac was on a government mission to look after the natural history during the expedition. Tue shaft of the Eureka claim, at Grass Valley, has beeu covered over and work suspended. This mine has been one of the hest paying properties in California. It was opeued in October, 1865, and has produced ahout $4,500,000, of which $2,094,000 has heen paid to stockholders in dividends. There have been no assessmeuts. This is the second Grass Valley mine ahandoned within the past two years, the other heing the North Star, once a prosperous dividend payiug claim, which many helieve has never heen worked out. Tue famous Silver Islet mine, on Lake Superior, has come to wrist Trouhle hetween share owners and the bondholders has culminated in shutting down the mine. Besides this it is said that while the vein coutinues large, the percentage of silver is growing discouragingly small,