Volume 39 (1879) (446 pages)

MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS. _ {July 5, 1870. W. B. EWER..cescessees gnanooebocoods SENIOR Epitor. DEWEY & CO., Publishers, A. T. DEWEY, W. B. EWER. Office, 202 Sansome St., N. H. Corner Pine St Subscription and Advertising Rates: ADVERTISING RaTES. 1week. 1 month. 3 mos. 12 mos Per ine..0+seenee . 80 $ 2.00 $ 5.00 Half inch (1 square). $1.00 23.00 7.50 24.00 One inch.,....+ 1.50 4,00 12.00 40.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS $4 a year in advance. Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special or reading notices, legal advertisememts, notices appearing in eatraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper at special rates. Four insertions are rated in a month, Tuts Paver will be supplied to the trade through the 8. F. News Co., No. 413 Washington Street, 8. F. The Scientific Press Patent Agency DEWEY & CO,, Patent Solicitors, A. T, DEWEY. W. B, EWER. G, 4, STRONG. SAN FRANCISCO: Saturday Morning, July 5, 1879. TABLE OF CONTENTS, GENERAL HDITORIALS.—Earthquakes—No, 2; Mechanical Interests of the Coast, 1. The Week; Iu Memoriam; Darien Canal; Our New Volume; The Extrinsic Burdens of Mining, 8. Copper Mines of Japan; A New Property of Circles; Water Riglits; Centrifugal Pumps for Irrigating and Reclaiming Lands; ‘The Sutro Tunnel; Australian Exhibition; Fire in the Mines; Meteorological Summary for June, 9. Notices of Recent Patents; Geological Section, 12. ILLUSTRATIONS.—Diag Illustrating Refi of Earthquake Wuves,1. The Australian Bustard or Native Turkey of Australia, G. Centrifugal Pump for Reclaiming land, 9. CORRES PONDENCH, — Shasta County; Chrome mines a San Luis Obispo; Great Western Quicksilver ine, 2, MECHANICAL PROGRESS. — Cable Towing; Electric Car Signal; Apparatus for Feeding Boilers; Gag Engines; The Latest Telephone; European Stoves; WireBouud Sheaves and the Millers; Car Heater; Working Steam at High Pressure; Steel-Faced Iron Plates; Soft Steel being used for Tin Plates, 3. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS — Centrifugal Force and Fly Wheels; Underground Telezraphing; Prehistoric RemainsIn Oregon; Location of the Garden of Eden; Fucel-Gas from Water; Telephones Without Diaphragms; The Heliograph; New Use for Paper, 3. MINING STOCK MARKE!T'—Sales at the San Francisco, California and Pacifie Stock Boards, Notices of Assessments, Meetings and Dividends, 4, MINING SUMMARY from the various counties of California, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico and Oregon, 5-12, MISCHLLANEHOUS.—The Telluride Ores of Gold; The Tr of Auriferous and Ar; iferous Pyrites, 2. The Australian Bustard; The Manufacture of Phosphorus; Arizona Mines, 6. THE ENGINEER.—River Taming in England, 7. USEFUL INFORMATION.— Asphalt and Timber Floors; Heptaue; Sea Weeds for the Herharium; Imitation Inlaying; Babbitt Anti-Friction Metal; Paste to Make Paper Adhere to Tin; To Temper Drills, Gravers, Ete.; How to Make Court-Plaster; Emery Belts and Wheels; How to Make Plaster of Paris Hard Enough for Turning; Purity of Milk, '7. GooD HEALTHE.—Hyposulphite of Soda in Erysipelas; Food and Digestion; Child Murder; The Teeth; Discase Germs; Properties of Glycerine, '7. NEWS IN BRIEF en page 12and other pages. Business Announcements. Amerlean Machine and Model Works, I. A. Heald, Prop'r Butts’ Improved Fruit, Vegetable, and Hop Drier. Berkeley Property For Sale, S. A. Penwell, S. F. Threshing Outfits, Jackson Agricultural Works, 8. F. —_—_—— ss The Week. The most noteworthy event of the week in the mining world is the final completion of the Sutro tunnel, consummated after an almost uninterrupted prosecution of the work for nearly ten years. Some finishing up remains to be done on the great adit, but in its readiness to receive and handle allthe water from the Cometock lode it accomplishes the main object of its construction and relieves the mine owners from a service that had already hecome trouhlesome and costly. They are now in a position to go on and prove the lode in depth, and make their ores profitahly available if they exist in sufficient quantity and reach even a medium grade, As the Tunnel company are dependent on the resources of the mines for revenue, it is as much to their interest as it ie to that of the mine ownere themselves that valuable ore hodies should now be developed, wherefore it may he expected that these parties will now bury the hatchet and hereafter work harmoniously together. The weather in the iuterior continues favorable to mining operations, the snow lingering on the mountains and keeping the hydraulic claims well supplied with water. Bullion receipts during the past week have been fair, shipments from the hydraulic mines having heen liberal and from all parts of California fully up to the average at this season of the year. Mexican Commerce.—The actual annual commerce of Mexico with other nations, according to the latest official data, isas follows: Imports, $29,500,000; exports, including $22,000,000 of precious metals, $28,750,000; total, $58,250.000. Compared with the population the total cquals $5.82 for each inhabitant, while the United States equals $27 per head, Cuba $120 per head, Spain $17 per head.—ZI cinco de Mayo, In Memoriam. Bereavement presses heavily upon us. At her home in this city, on Sunday morning, died Hosapher N., wife of Warren B. Ewer, senior editor of our publications. She has suffered long and patiently, hoping against hope, that the malady which had fastened upon her would loosen its grasp and restore her again to her beloved ones, to her wide circle of friends—again to the life of kind thoughts and gentle deeds in which she delighted. But the God in whom she trusted willed otherwise. On Sunday morning, fatigued with pain of unusual severity with which she had hattled, she fell asleep, and while her devoted husband and attendants rejoiced to think the quiet slumber would refresh her, she peacefully crossed the river. Her loss is bereavement beyond words to those of her immediate household, and in the larger circle, in which her presence was a ray of sunshine and an influence toward purity of thought and nobility of conduct, the tributes to her memory are tender and heartfelt. Mrs. Ewer was born in 1817 in Havana, Cuba. In youth she removed to the old commonwealth of Massachusetts, and there she and her future husband began an acquaintance as playmates which ripened into mutual affection, During seven years of plighted troth they awaited their marriage, and since then 40 years of union have cemented their lives together. During their early married life she was an invalid for many years, and the sympathy quickened by this experience knit them the closer. Mr. Ewer came to California in 1849, and his wife followed him four years after. They resided in Grass Valley about 8 years, making many friends. For 17 years they have lived in San Francisco. Four children were born to them, one dying in the full vigor and promise of early manhood ; another, a devoted daughter, still survivee her mother. This daughter and an elder sister, hoth in delicate health, Mrs. Ewer leaves in charge of her bereaved companion, The life of Mrs. Ewer was one of nobility, and her heart was full of generous impulses. In deeds of charity she was constant, Her work lay in those quiet actions in behalf of the suffering and the unfortunate, of which the world never knows, as well as in organized efforts for wider charities. She was one of the lady membere of the Board of Managers of tbe ‘‘Sailor’s Home” in this city. This project was very dear to her, and while her strength lasted she gave it generous and self-denying promotion, Asa member of the Union Square Baptist Church of this city, she lived a consistent Christian life and was earnest in every good work, fraukness in words, firmness aud decision in character, witb unswerving devotion for the right and kindness toward all in the least deserving — these were stroug characteristics of her life. Mrs, Ewer possessed what may be truly called a sunny disposition. In her friendships she was most honest and outspoken, and one of the results of ber illness, which she most deplored, was her separation from her friends. Her conversation was full of the charm of animation, aud while it disclosed thoughts born of wisdom and research on the themes she preferred, it was always warmed by true womanly sympathy and genuine philanthropy. She was the life of the social gathering, the light of her home, an influence toward the elevation of all who came within the circle of her acquaiutance. Thus she will be widely mourned, and the sense of loss, itself the highest tribute to the worth of one departed, will press itself upon many a mind and heart, Though a great sufferer for many months ehe retained her kindness of <disposition amid all her sufferiugs, and one of her greatest trials was the hurden which she placed upon those who loved her—a burden which was lightly horne hecause of her hold upon the hearts of those who ministered to her. She has gone hence. During her lifetime her trust was full and her faith serene, and to such souls to die is gain. Not to her, but to those whom she has left hehind are honest words of sympathy fitting. ‘To our associate, to whom for 40 years she was a loving wife and true companion, we extend the most heartfelt assurances that we grieve with him in his hereavement, hecause we kuow how much a part of his life her presence and companionship had become. He and his daughter are hereft and alone—and yet not alone, for love and memory do not die. Theirs it is to cherish a memory which will alwaya come to them, sweeter far than fra. grance of flowers; more precious than anything of earth can be, for their treasure is now beyond the pain and suffering of earth, in glad possession of the peace beyond. The funeral of Mrs, Ewer took place on Tuesday afternoon, July lst. Both at the home and at the church there were throngs of sympathetic mourning friends, Floral offerings were many. Atthe church there was a large cross, flower-set, encircled by a wreath of flowers. There was also an anchor of woven blooms. These were regarded by all as fitting emblems of her devotion and faith. An eloquent sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. Ross, pastor of the church and a touching tribute to the christian virtues and noble life of the deceased hy Rev. Mr. Hughes, pastor of the Baptist church at the Mission. Both in the public exercises and in the tender words spoken at the home were to be found eloquent testimony to the worth of her they mourned, and assure us that she still lives in the hearts of the community, Darien Canal. We shall have occasion to present to our readers in a short time a complete exposition of the proposed canal. In the meantime the resolution offcred in the last Congress by Senator Burnside with reference to the foreign ownership of the Darien canal interfering with the Mouroe doctrine, has been criticised hy the press of France in such a manner as can leave no douht that Senator Burnside’s idcas were correct. It appears from La Republique Francazse thst the canal will be absolutely neutral territory, and that in consequence America need not fear entrusting the management thereof to foreign hands, This absolutism is just what America has always-and will always contend against. Its destruction was the reason of the Monroe doctrine, and the true doctrine of national free will finds an ardent exponent in the American nation. Hampered on every side hy the restrictive ties and contracts with nations foreigu to this continent, how can this country hope to maintain its prestige ? This Darien canal question comes home to our interests, if not more, as much, at least, as our war with England. What the natione cannot accomplish by brute force, they are now attempting to accomplish by diplomatic ekill and finesse. ‘‘The United States must be checked.” It has penetrated to every quarter of the globe with its mechanical and industrial products, and is fast crowding out of the markets of the world the products that heretofore have giveu European natious their greatness. We cannot afford to permit this thing, and on onr own coast the matter is of great importance. The Orient is open to us, and we are gradually commanding its trade. Europe cut off by the natural obstruction of the Western continent, seeks by every effort to cut us off. National ambition to grasp the commerce of the Hast is the mainepring that moves northwest passage expeditions, and years ago the Darien canal was broached but suspended because it was thought a passage through the Polar sea would he discovered and made available. But now there is no hope of a highway in that direction, so the Darien canal has assumed its complete features. Upon the assumption that the United States can control eventually the commerce of the world, the foreign element on this hemiephere must be kept at a distance, and to Americans belong the right of controlling a highway theirs naturally. The same policy that European nations adopt to protect their commerce, must be adopted and enforced by us; and there is not a nation on the earth that would oppose ue in our demands, or that would resist our enforcement of the Monroe doctrine. The star of Europe is eetting, while our star of empire is ascending, hence the struggle of Europe to renew its luster at the expense of ours. Our New Volume. The Miyine anv Screntiric Press, with this, the first numher of Vol. XXXIX., enters upon its twentieth year. They have heen years of hopes and fears, Our fears generally have proved groundless, and we are glad to say that we have witnessed a growth and progress unparalleled in the history of States. True, population has not increased in proportion to wealth, hut on that account our progress has heen solid. We believe our efforts to satisfy the demands for a mining and scientific journal have heen aud will continue to he appreciated, and we shall not spare any efforts to justify a continued and additional patronage. The period of dulluess through which we have heen passing isnot due to local causes, hut the bueiness of the whole world has heen and still is affected hy what may he termed a ‘‘business epidemic,” the causes of which cannot with certainty be ascertained. The clouds, however, are breaking, and we are eure that the new volume will be able to record a period of unparalleled prosperity, which our mining intereste will permit us at present to expect, The Extrinsic Burdens of Mining. It argues well for the solid merit of gold and silver mining on this coast that it has been able to stand up and even flourish under the extravagance, fraud and other forms of abuse that, almost from its inception, have characterized the business. Hardly more than a year had elapsed after the discovery of gold in California when the miners, crazed with cupidity and impelled by the wildest vagaries conccrning the origin of that metal, its modes of distribution and most apt places of lodgment, were betrayed into every manner of folly in the adoption of means for more speedily gathering it, Even so early as the summer of 49, when the miner with his shovel and rocker could almost anywhere wash out his ounce per day, with fair chance for making a good deal more, multitudes were rcady to forego this sure thing and engage in any ahsurd scheme that promised to insure them larger returns. At that primitive day these men were ready on the slightest hiutof rich discoveries elsewhere to abandon their claims and scamper off for the site of the reported find, however vague the rumor or distant the locality. ‘But, however excitement and follies have attended this calling from the first, nut until the era of vein mining was inaugurated did these evils take on those novel and more mischevious forms that have since distinguished that branch of the business. If the carly placer miner, misled by false rumors of big things far away, hurried off to remote points only to meet with disappointment and loss, his premature mous ments wrought harm to himself and no one hesides. If, incited by greed, he engaged in ill-advised and ruinous experiments, or embarked his ineans in visionary schemes, he alone was the eufferer. Very different has it been in this other department of the business. Here, the consequences of the miner’s mistakee and the manipulator’s misdeeds have not been confined to this narrow scope. They have afflicted all classes, and fallen mainly on those nowise in fault. Here iunocent parties have generally been the greatest sufferers. With the advent of this branch of mining came new ideas and new modes of procedure. With its growth there sprang up institutions and practices not in use before. Then, for the first time, incorporated companies, with numerous well-paid officials, luxurious quartere, large amounts of fictitious capital, and their cunning machinery for assessing shareholders, freezing out delinquents and favoring insiders, became common. Then the Stock Exchange, with its accessories, arose stately and potent, an instrument of some good and infinite mischief. Then the broker—the Bull and the Bear—came upon the etage, and coruers and pools, puts and calls, and other methods of operating, with much besides of uncouth sound and unsavory morality, first began to he heard of, Whathas since followed may be iuferred from the accumulated wealth of the few and the abject poverty of the many who have much dealt in mining etocks, somewhat also being of record in our bankrupt commissions and crimiual courts. We have alluded to these illegitimate burdens that so opprese miuing, not with the purpose of now inveighing against them,but merely to show how inherently sound must he the business that can stand up and prosper under so great a weight. Under so many hindrancee no other industry could have made such progress, or even survived for any length of time. It is, in fact, to the great opportunities afforded by mining that these rank abuses have been mainly due. It was because the business could bear them without being fatally crushed that they have been so often perpetrated and so persistently kept up. But a time has come when some check ehould be put upon these damaging practices, both for the good of the business itself, and the cause of public morality. It ie time the tares‘should he weeded from the wheat, to the end that our bullion harvest suffer not early curtailment. Retrenchment and close figuring is the order of the day. The practice of economy is everywhere hecoming a vital necessity. The whole husiness world is pervaded with the eense of saving. Only here on the Pacific coast does it ecem to be absent. Presuming on our position and other natural advantages we are spending and wasting, speculating and gambling as before. This we will have to change. Thus far we have had the field mostly to ourselves. We have heen able to largely monopolize the business of mining, with all that pertaine to it. But we are going to have coimpetitors. They are already in the field—active, sharp, and accustomed to go for all the chauces in sight. In contending with them for commercial supremacy we will need to practice the same caution, vigilance and economy observed by our opponents, and to which they have long been sohooled, If we think we can pursue this industry in the old reckless and spendthrift way, and still make advances, or even hold our own, we will soon find ourselves grievously disappointed. We will have to fall into line and keep etep with the advancing army of close workers and savers if we are to get on and make money at this husiuess of mining. ~ AFTER two months’ debate the Italian Chamber of Deputies has approved the Ministerial Railway hill, which provides for the construction of 6,020 kilometers of railways within 21 years, at the annual expenditure of £2,400,000,

MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS. _ {July 5, 1870. W. B. EWER....cescessees gnanooebocoods SENIOR Epitor. DEWEY & CO., Publishers, A. T. DEWEY, W. B. EWER. Office, 202 Sansome St., N. H. Corner Pine St Subscription and Advertising Rates: ADVERTISING RaTES. 1week. 1 month. 3 mos. 12 mos Per ine....0+seenee . 80 $ 2.00 $ 5.00 Half inch (1 square). $1.00 23.00 7.50 24.00 One inch.,........+ 1.50 4,00 12.00 40.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS $4 a year in advance. Large advertisements at favorable rates. Special or reading notices, legal advertisememts, notices appearing in eatraordinary type or in particular parts of the paper at special rates. Four insertions are rated in a month, Tuts Paver will be supplied to the trade through the 8. F. News Co., No. 413 Washington Street, 8. F. The Scientific Press Patent Agency DEWEY & CO,, Patent Solicitors, A. T, DEWEY. W. B, EWER. G, 4, STRONG. SAN FRANCISCO: Saturday Morning, July 5, 1879. TABLE OF CONTENTS, GENERAL HDITORIALS.—Earthquakes—No, 2; Mechanical Interests of the Coast, 1. The Week; Iu Memoriam; Darien Canal; Our New Volume; The Extrinsic Burdens of Mining, 8. Copper Mines of Japan; A New Property of Circles; Water Riglits; Centrifugal Pumps for Irrigating and Reclaiming Lands; ‘The Sutro Tunnel; Australian Exhibition; Fire in the Mines; Meteorological Summary for June, 9. Notices of Recent Patents; Geological Section, 12. ILLUSTRATIONS.—Diag Illustrating Refi of Earthquake Wuves,1. The Australian Bustard or Native Turkey of Australia, G. Centrifugal Pump for Reclaiming land, 9. CORRES PONDENCH, — Shasta County; Chrome mines a San Luis Obispo; Great Western Quicksilver ine, 2, MECHANICAL PROGRESS. — Cable Towing; Electric Car Signal; Apparatus for Feeding Boilers; Gag Engines; The Latest Telephone; European Stoves; WireBouud Sheaves and the Millers; Car Heater; Working Steam at High Pressure; Steel-Faced Iron Plates; Soft Steel being used for Tin Plates, 3. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS — Centrifugal Force and Fly Wheels; Underground Telezraphing; Prehistoric RemainsIn Oregon; Location of the Garden of Eden; Fucel-Gas from Water; Telephones Without Diaphragms; The Heliograph; New Use for Paper, 3. MINING STOCK MARKE!T'—Sales at the San Francisco, California and Pacifie Stock Boards, Notices of Assessments, Meetings and Dividends, 4, MINING SUMMARY from the various counties of California, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico and Oregon, 5-12, MISCHLLANEHOUS.—The Telluride Ores of Gold; The Tr of Auriferous and Ar; iferous Pyrites, 2. The Australian Bustard; The Manufacture of Phosphorus; Arizona Mines, 6. THE ENGINEER.—River Taming in England, 7. USEFUL INFORMATION.— Asphalt and Timber Floors; Heptaue; Sea Weeds for the Herharium; Imitation Inlaying; Babbitt Anti-Friction Metal; Paste to Make Paper Adhere to Tin; To Temper Drills, Gravers, Ete.; How to Make Court-Plaster; Emery Belts and Wheels; How to Make Plaster of Paris Hard Enough for Turning; Purity of Milk, '7. GooD HEALTHE.—Hyposulphite of Soda in Erysipelas; Food and Digestion; Child Murder; The Teeth; Discase Germs; Properties of Glycerine, '7. NEWS IN BRIEF en page 12and other pages. Business Announcements. Amerlean Machine and Model Works, I. A. Heald, Prop'r Butts’ Improved Fruit, Vegetable, and Hop Drier. Berkeley Property For Sale, S. A. Penwell, S. F. Threshing Outfits, Jackson Agricultural Works, 8. F. —_—_—— ss The Week. The most noteworthy event of the week in the mining world is the final completion of the Sutro tunnel, consummated after an almost uninterrupted prosecution of the work for nearly ten years. Some finishing up remains to be done on the great adit, but in its readiness to receive and handle allthe water from the Cometock lode it accomplishes the main object of its construction and relieves the mine owners from a service that had already hecome trouhlesome and costly. They are now in a position to go on and prove the lode in depth, and make their ores profitahly available if they exist in sufficient quantity and reach even a medium grade, As the Tunnel company are dependent on the resources of the mines for revenue, it is as much to their interest as it ie to that of the mine ownere themselves that valuable ore hodies should now be developed, wherefore it may he expected that these parties will now bury the hatchet and hereafter work harmoniously together. The weather in the iuterior continues favorable to mining operations, the snow lingering on the mountains and keeping the hydraulic claims well supplied with water. Bullion receipts during the past week have been fair, shipments from the hydraulic mines having heen liberal and from all parts of California fully up to the average at this season of the year. Mexican Commerce.—The actual annual commerce of Mexico with other nations, according to the latest official data, isas follows: Imports, $29,500,000; exports, including $22,000,000 of precious metals, $28,750,000; total, $58,250.000. Compared with the population the total cquals $5.82 for each inhabitant, while the United States equals $27 per head, Cuba $120 per head, Spain $17 per head.—ZI cinco de Mayo, In Memoriam. Bereavement presses heavily upon us. At her home in this city, on Sunday morning, died Hosapher N., wife of Warren B. Ewer, senior editor of our publications. She has suffered long and patiently, hoping against hope, that the malady which had fastened upon her would loosen its grasp and restore her again to her beloved ones, to her wide circle of friends—again to the life of kind thoughts and gentle deeds in which she delighted. But the God in whom she trusted willed otherwise. On Sunday morning, fatigued with pain of unusual severity with which she had hattled, she fell asleep, and while her devoted husband and attendants rejoiced to think the quiet slumber would refresh her, she peacefully crossed the river. Her loss is bereavement beyond words to those of her immediate household, and in the larger circle, in which her presence was a ray of sunshine and an influence toward purity of thought and nobility of conduct, the tributes to her memory are tender and heartfelt. Mrs. Ewer was born in 1817 in Havana, Cuba. In youth she removed to the old commonwealth of Massachusetts, and there she and her future husband began an acquaintance as playmates which ripened into mutual affection, During seven years of plighted troth they awaited their marriage, and since then 40 years of union have cemented their lives together. During their early married life she was an invalid for many years, and the sympathy quickened by this experience knit them the closer. Mr. Ewer came to California in 1849, and his wife followed him four years after. They resided in Grass Valley about 8 years, making many friends. For 17 years they have lived in San Francisco. Four children were born to them, one dying in the full vigor and promise of early manhood ; another, a devoted daughter, still survivee her mother. This daughter and an elder sister, hoth in delicate health, Mrs. Ewer leaves in charge of her bereaved companion, The life of Mrs. Ewer was one of nobility, and her heart was full of generous impulses. In deeds of charity she was constant, Her work lay in those quiet actions in behalf of the suffering and the unfortunate, of which the world never knows, as well as in organized efforts for wider charities. She was one of the lady membere of the Board of Managers of tbe ‘‘Sailor’s Home” in this city. This project was very dear to her, and while her strength lasted she gave it generous and self-denying promotion, Asa member of the Union Square Baptist Church of this city, she lived a consistent Christian life and was earnest in every good work, fraukness in words, firmness aud decision in character, witb unswerving devotion for the right and kindness toward all in the least deserving — these were stroug characteristics of her life. Mrs, Ewer possessed what may be truly called a sunny disposition. In her friendships she was most honest and outspoken, and one of the results of ber illness, which she most deplored, was her separation from her friends. Her conversation was full of the charm of animation, aud while it disclosed thoughts born of wisdom and research on the themes she preferred, it was always warmed by true womanly sympathy and genuine philanthropy. She was the life of the social gathering, the light of her home, an influence toward the elevation of all who came within the circle of her acquaiutance. Thus she will be widely mourned, and the sense of loss, itself the highest tribute to the worth of one departed, will press itself upon many a mind and heart, Though a great sufferer for many months ehe retained her kindness of <disposition amid all her sufferiugs, and one of her greatest trials was the hurden which she placed upon those who loved her—a burden which was lightly horne hecause of her hold upon the hearts of those who ministered to her. She has gone hence. During her lifetime her trust was full and her faith serene, and to such souls to die is gain. Not to her, but to those whom she has left hehind are honest words of sympathy fitting. ‘To our associate, to whom for 40 years she was a loving wife and true companion, we extend the most heartfelt assurances that we grieve with him in his hereavement, hecause we kuow how much a part of his life her presence and companionship had become. He and his daughter are hereft and alone—and yet not alone, for love and memory do not die. Theirs it is to cherish a memory which will alwaya come to them, sweeter far than fra. grance of flowers; more precious than anything of earth can be, for their treasure is now beyond the pain and suffering of earth, in glad

possession of the peace beyond. The funeral of Mrs, Ewer took place on Tuesday afternoon, July lst. Both at the home and at the church there were throngs of sympathetic mourning friends, Floral offerings were many. Atthe church there was a large cross, flower-set, encircled by a wreath of flowers. There was also an anchor of woven blooms. These were regarded by all as fitting emblems of her devotion and faith. An eloquent sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. Ross, pastor of the church and a touching tribute to the christian virtues and noble life of the deceased hy Rev. Mr. Hughes, pastor of the Baptist church at the Mission. Both in the public exercises and in the tender words spoken at the home were to be found eloquent testimony to the worth of her they mourned, and assure us that she still lives in the hearts of the community, Darien Canal. We shall have occasion to present to our readers in a short time a complete exposition of the proposed canal. In the meantime the resolution offcred in the last Congress by Senator Burnside with reference to the foreign ownership of the Darien canal interfering with the Mouroe doctrine, has been criticised hy the press of France in such a manner as can leave no douht that Senator Burnside’s idcas were correct. It appears from La Republique Francazse thst the canal will be absolutely neutral territory, and that in consequence America need not fear entrusting the management thereof to foreign hands, This absolutism is just what America has always-and will always contend against. Its destruction was the reason of the Monroe doctrine, and the true doctrine of national free will finds an ardent exponent in the American nation. Hampered on every side hy the restrictive ties and contracts with nations foreigu to this continent, how can this country hope to maintain its prestige ? This Darien canal question comes home to our interests, if not more, as much, at least, as our war with England. What the natione cannot accomplish by brute force, they are now attempting to accomplish by diplomatic ekill and finesse. ‘‘The United States must be checked.” It has penetrated to every quarter of the globe with its mechanical and industrial products, and is fast crowding out of the markets of the world the products that heretofore have giveu European natious their greatness. We cannot afford to permit this thing, and on onr own coast the matter is of great importance. The Orient is open to us, and we are gradually commanding its trade. Europe cut off by the natural obstruction of the Western continent, seeks by every effort to cut us off. National ambition to grasp the commerce of the Hast is the mainepring that moves northwest passage expeditions, and years ago the Darien canal was broached but suspended because it was thought a passage through the Polar sea would he discovered and made available. But now there is no hope of a highway in that direction, so the Darien canal has assumed its complete features. Upon the assumption that the United States can control eventually the commerce of the world, the foreign element on this hemiephere must be kept at a distance, and to Americans belong the right of controlling a highway theirs naturally. The same policy that European nations adopt to protect their commerce, must be adopted and enforced by us; and there is not a nation on the earth that would oppose ue in our demands, or that would resist our enforcement of the Monroe doctrine. The star of Europe is eetting, while our star of empire is ascending, hence the struggle of Europe to renew its luster at the expense of ours. Our New Volume. The Miyine anv Screntiric Press, with this, the first numher of Vol. XXXIX., enters upon its twentieth year. They have heen years of hopes and fears, Our fears generally have proved groundless, and we are glad to say that we have witnessed a growth and progress unparalleled in the history of States. True, population has not increased in proportion to wealth, hut on that account our progress has heen solid. We believe our efforts to satisfy the demands for a mining and scientific journal have heen aud will continue to he appreciated, and we shall not spare any efforts to justify a continued and additional patronage. The period of dulluess through which we have heen passing isnot due to local causes, hut the bueiness of the whole world has heen and still is affected hy what may he termed a ‘‘business epidemic,” the causes of which cannot with certainty be ascertained. The clouds, however, are breaking, and we are eure that the new volume will be able to record a period of unparalleled prosperity, which our mining intereste will permit us at present to expect, The Extrinsic Burdens of Mining. It argues well for the solid merit of gold and silver mining on this coast that it has been able to stand up and even flourish under the extravagance, fraud and other forms of abuse that, almost from its inception, have characterized the business. Hardly more than a year had elapsed after the discovery of gold in California when the miners, crazed with cupidity and impelled by the wildest vagaries conccrning the origin of that metal, its modes of distribution and most apt places of lodgment, were betrayed into every manner of folly in the adoption of means for more speedily gathering it, Even so early as the summer of 49, when the miner with his shovel and rocker could almost anywhere wash out his ounce per day, with fair chance for making a good deal more, multitudes were rcady to forego this sure thing and engage in any ahsurd scheme that promised to insure them larger returns. At that primitive day these men were ready on the slightest hiutof rich discoveries elsewhere to abandon their claims and scamper off for the site of the reported find, however vague the rumor or distant the locality. ‘But, however excitement and follies have attended this calling from the first, nut until the era of vein mining was inaugurated did these evils take on those novel and more mischevious forms that have since distinguished that branch of the business. If the carly placer miner, misled by false rumors of big things far away, hurried off to remote points only to meet with disappointment and loss, his premature mous ments wrought harm to himself and no one hesides. If, incited by greed, he engaged in ill-advised and ruinous experiments, or embarked his ineans in visionary schemes, he alone was the eufferer. Very different has it been in this other department of the business. Here, the consequences of the miner’s mistakee and the manipulator’s misdeeds have not been confined to this narrow scope. They have afflicted all classes, and fallen mainly on those nowise in fault. Here iunocent parties have generally been the greatest sufferers. With the advent of this branch of mining came new ideas and new modes of procedure. With its growth there sprang up institutions and practices not in use before. Then, for the first time, incorporated companies, with numerous well-paid officials, luxurious quartere, large amounts of fictitious capital, and their cunning machinery for assessing shareholders, freezing out delinquents and favoring insiders, became common. Then the Stock Exchange, with its accessories, arose stately and potent, an instrument of some good and infinite mischief. Then the broker—the Bull and the Bear—came upon the etage, and coruers and pools, puts and calls, and other methods of operating, with much besides of uncouth sound and unsavory morality, first began to he heard of, Whathas since followed may be iuferred from the accumulated wealth of the few and the abject poverty of the many who have much dealt in mining etocks, somewhat also being of record in our bankrupt commissions and crimiual courts. We have alluded to these illegitimate burdens that so opprese miuing, not with the purpose of now inveighing against them,but merely to show how inherently sound must he the business that can stand up and prosper under so great a weight. Under so many hindrancee no other industry could have made such progress, or even survived for any length of time. It is, in fact, to the great opportunities afforded by mining that these rank abuses have been mainly due. It was because the business could bear them without being fatally crushed that they have been so often perpetrated and so persistently kept up. But a time has come when some check ehould be put upon these damaging practices, both for the good of the business itself, and the cause of public morality. It ie time the tares‘should he weeded from the wheat, to the end that our bullion harvest suffer not early curtailment. Retrenchment and close figuring is the order of the day. The practice of economy is everywhere hecoming a vital necessity. The whole husiness world is pervaded with the eense of saving. Only here on the Pacific coast does it ecem to be absent. Presuming on our position and other natural advantages we are spending and wasting, speculating and gambling as before. This we will have to change. Thus far we have had the field mostly to ourselves. We have heen able to largely monopolize the business of mining, with all that pertaine to it. But we are going to have coimpetitors. They are already in the field—active, sharp, and accustomed to go for all the chauces in sight. In contending with them for commercial supremacy we will need to practice the same caution, vigilance and economy observed by our opponents, and to which they have long been sohooled, If we think we can pursue this industry in the old reckless and spendthrift way, and still make advances, or even hold our own, we will soon find ourselves grievously disappointed. We will have to fall into line and keep etep with the advancing army of close workers and savers if we are to get on and make money at this husiuess of mining. ~ AFTER two months’ debate the Italian Chamber of Deputies has approved the Ministerial Railway hill, which provides for the construction of 6,020 kilometers of railways within 21 years, at the annual expenditure of £2,400,000,