Volume 39 (1879) (446 pages)

An Illustrated Journal of Mining, Popular Science and Gene ral News. BY DEWEY & CO., Publishers. VOLLME Number AXNIX 2. Tucson, Arizona. We learn from ‘Hiuton’s Handbook to Arizona” and other sources, that the early origin of Tucson is obscure, It is elaimed that ths valley was settled about the year 1560, which would make it tho oldest city in the United States sxcept Santa Ie, which was settled in 1555. Three miles below Tucson, and ons mile east of the mission of San Augustin ars the ruins of an old town, but no clew can bs obtainsd as to its origin, history, or the dats and circumstances of its destruction. . The lands near Tucson are very rich and were ones extensively cultivated, but the Apaches eompelled the peopls to abandon their ranches and sesk safety within the town. The climate is one of considerabls range; frequent frosts at night in winter, succeeded hy weather comfortably warm during the day. The sommars are quite hot, with a sufficient fall of temperature at night to maks eomfortable “fantastic tricks” to startle our vision with, gave to tbe summit lives and psak tops new and shifting images and forms, It is dillicult to realize as ous looks at the landscape here, that some of tho gresn fields in whieh Tucson is set like a dark psbbls in an emerald border have been under eontinuons cultivation for over 150 years, Contemporaneonsly the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, and that other fateful cargo had hsen placsd on ths banks of tho James river, in Virginia; the Spanish conquerors of Mexico had established a presidio at this point, and the Jesuit Fathers had raised the symbol of Christjanity, and erected houses of worship amid savage tribes and in tbs very heart of a wilderness. Ths town of Tucson then became tbe presidio of Tulqusou. North of this point tbers was no settleinent or mission, nor west of it cither, ths Puerta de San Diego bsing the nearest in that direction, Tucson was then, as now, ths principal placs in tbe Territory. It still stands as the representative of the old semiSpanish-Indian civilization; for the Mexicans comprise two-thirds of the resident population, and ‘‘the Church” occupies, with its offices, the . place of bonor enstomarily assigned to it in the sleeping. The spring and fall are quite variable. ‘laying out of a Spanish-American town—the A little stream flows past the town, ths water. principal portion of ths chief plaza or grand . will,removs‘any doubts about}her futurs that . attaches auywhere from 9 to 16 inches below from which keeps the valley perenSAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1879. of ths Apache nation in Arizona was subjugated. Many regenades, however, continned to infest the rich mineral districts of ths country until 1877, when they were finally killed or driven out hy tho hardy pioneer and prospector with rifle in ono hand and pickin the other, with his canteen with water and beans on his back he faced ths treacherous red devils, until tho regeuade Apachs is heard of no more. In Arizona asin California, the peace, tho prosperity, which now dawns upon them is largely . dus to the indefatigable, the brave and stouthearted miner, prospector and farming pioneers, The richness of the mines is now an accomplished fact, and improved appliances rapidly bringiug to light ths wealth so eagerly sought in times gone hy at the risk of the miner's life, And the Tombstone, as early as 1860, declared by its discoverer, Bronkow, to be the richest mineral district in ths territory, has, by late developments, placed him upon record as a trus prophet, finding bis pabulum for prophecy, bowsver, in known facts. Railroad commuuication, so soon to bring Tucson within rsach of a markot and to bring her within the pale of mechanical civilization, nially green. How like a fata morgana it looks when yon first see it in this encbanted atmosphere: the intensely blus sky overhead, the plain above it covered with sparse grass and fantastic cactus, that hide ths sand and make ths earth look verdant; ths low, white dome and the picturesqus buildings clustering about it; the adobe garden walls, with arcbed gateways, sometimes whitened, sometimes left in their native mud color, toned down by age and the glare of the sun; a tall mesquit tres, or a group of cottonwoods striving heavenward from among the adobs houses; Saddle mountain, with its ever changing tints and its strong lights and shades in the far distance, and Sugar-loaf or Sentinel hill to the immediate left, On ths plain bstween town and tbe Sugar-loaf, tbe ruins of what in any other country I should pronounce to have been a monastery, lift themselves from tbs fresh dewy green—venerabls, gray and stately— some wild vine creeping stealthily in at the frameless window, and out again at ths roofless top. Tucson is seen to be located about two-thirds of the way southeast, on a hnge plain or plateau, which presents many very striking features. Tbe wondsrfnl effects of the clear and rarified atmosphere are seen bere at tbeir best. The great plain or platsau in which just above this. tho value of this poiut asa trading post, and reading old arcbivas, placs the Santa Cruz sinks for many miles, to enter by a subtarranean channel the (tila river, nsar Maricopa Wells, is certainly ovar 100 miles in its greatest length and not less than 50 at its widest, which, from ths trend of the encircling mountain ranges, is in this vicinity. Looking north aud west the eye rests upon the deep blue faint outlines of ranges at a distance of at least 75 miles, Nearer and in the wonderful foreshortening, which is one of the most charming effects seen here, to tbe east and west may be seen the bold cones of the Picacbo and Desert peaks, They stand out in the translucent sky and the luminous sunrise or sunset, with their wonderful combination of colors, so vivid and startling as to defy even tbe brush of Turner bimself, as if one might walk over to them hetween hreakfast and the gray glooming which indicates that the night has passed. Nearer and closer, until their serrated summits seem about to bow down to us, on the east, trending from the northwest to the southeast, is a hold and remarkably well-delined mountain rauge known as the Santa Catalina, which sweeps in a bold semi-circle, framing tbe Santa Crnz valley in a massive way. The range lowers and a pass opens just to the east of Tucson. The continning portion of the range is sometimes called the Rincon mountains. It looks wonderfully and fascinatingly bsautiful—the deep shadows and purple tones in whicb tbe snnset clothed its sides, while tbe mirage, which accompanies sunrise and sunset in this latitude, and plays such Piaae? square thereof. A map of Arizona will show will indicate also its future importancs, provided always the railroads going east and soutb shall pass througb it. ‘Tncson is uow the central point on the ovcrlaud route, and for communication with Sonora. It is the sea’ United States Custom House thereto, Tbe engraving on this page, taken from “Picturesque Arizona,” published by the Continent Stereoscopic Co., of New York, represents Tucson as it appeared in 1877. Of lats the miniug industry of Pima county has been rapidly developed, particularly by the rich strikes made in the Tombstone district and other localities. Tbe blood-thirsty Apaches murdered the early miners and dostroyed the mining appliances, . and what the Indians left intact tbe Mexicans . destroyed, and it was not until the Camp Grant massacre of tbe spring of 1871 that the long outraged people of Pima county took the settlement of tbe Indian question into their own hands, and, trailing the tbieving, murdering, blool-thirsty Apaches, with the plunder they bad stolen, into Camp Grant Indian reservation —their city of refuge—then and there our people made them atone for tbe hundreds of innocent lives they bad treacherously and barbarously taken. This good piece of work was tbe means of the government sending General Crook to take command of tbis department, wbose Indian policy. bronght the Indian question to a successful) issue, and at the close of 1874 the great body tof the nearest . been sanctioned by the Commissioners of ths CITYZOFSZ TUCSON, ARIZONA. her timid citizens may possess engendered by Pusyic Sream Heatine.—A project to introducs public stsam heating in New York bas Sinking Fund. The system is known as “‘Holly’s steam combination system” for beating, cooking, and other purposes. It is claimed that by it there will he a saving of $150,000 a year in the heating of the public buildings. It will also save ths city from $300,000 to $500,000 per annum in the removal of ashes from the dwellings and snow and ice from ths_ principal streets and avenues. The steam will be conveyed through pipes laid in the street, and supplied for any purpose. Its cleanliness and many advantages to the housekeeper cannot be estimated too highly. Tbe city is to receive $150,000 from the company for permission to lay the pipes, and a further compensation of 3% of the earnings of the company. That section of the city south of Canal street is set apart for the purpose. . Tue shrinkage of values does not seam to bave affected tbe price of seats in tbe New York Stock Exchange. A gentleman, anxious for the right to buy and sell in tbe cbarmed euclosure, bid $11,500 for a seat, at auction last montb— the highest price ever paid. Two HUNDRED AND FirTy emigrants from Iceland are en route to Minnesota. Intersecting Cable Wires, Ws havo been shown this model of an iuvention for wire cable grips, whereby a crossing can bs cffected at interssctions. Ths inventor is Vitruvins Frazes, architect, 137 Moutgomsry street, S, I, and his invention solves a multitude of problems connected with traffic ovar cable roads. Ths object of ths invention is to furnish a means by which cars propelled hy a cable ruuuing heneath other cables may cross such cables without any appreciable interruption, and without any special care on ths part of the engineer. The cars to which it isattached may bs stopped and started at any point on a crossiug. The cable is always within the dies when crossing anotber cable, and ths dies may bs tightened or loosensd at any poiat. No interchange of signals between cars of intersecting lines is necessary, because they may pass immediatsly in advance or in the rear of each other without any iuterference of their cables. The device has also another advyautage iu that it may be constructed to carry the cable to which it the surface, and however it may carry a cable it can cross any number of cables lying at various deptbs below tbe surface without touching any of them. Three notched-wheels revolving in a nearly continuous flange, each wheel having thres semi-cirenlar notches or openings somswhat larger than the cahle to ba passed, are attached to ths lower gear or grip of the car, The flange is broken only to admit the intersecting cable passing through at rigbt angles, the passing eabls turning the notched wheel and directing the cable into the next wheel and so on until passed. The lower gear of ths grip—tbat part helow the notched wheels—is provided with an inclined plane projecting out iv front of it, which forces tbe cross cabls upon a pulley attached to a stationary cable lifter, and thence on and in between the notched wheels. The eabls runs tbrough between tbe grip and sliding bar into the wheels as ] erfectly as if an open uuencumbered slot or passage existed, and the grip upon the drawing cable being maiutained witbout any exertion. The whole contrivance works automatically, and what would seem to be difficult to overcome is overcome in a simple manner, The grip itself is composed of a number of small pieces resting upon a rubber base or foundation so as to distributo the force or strain over many parts, instead of one, thus saving the wire. This latter isa devics unconnected with the crossing contrivance, We shall havs occasion in a future number to illustrate ths invention more patfectly than can bs done in a written description. Repucixe tHe Estmates.—It is not long since the Colorado press was computiug the bullion product of Leadville for the current year at something liks $100,000,000. Their present figuro is $11,000,000, ahout the annual yield of Euroka, Nevada, a camp conesrning which little is heard compared with the much said about Leadville. We hope there will be no cause for further reducing the bullion output of Leadville, tbe monetary world having adjusted itself fora large influx of silver from that source. Justice In Exciisu Covrts.—Tho Englisb bondholders of the ill-famed Emma mine of Utah, brought suit against Lewis & Son, metal brokers in Liverpool, to recover damages on the ground that they had conspired with Treanor W. Park and otbers, to cheat the plaintiffs. The jury found for the bondholders, to whom tbey awarded $40,000 damages, valnc of tbe stock assigned defendants by their coadjutors. Wasuincroy Territory last year exported 160,000 tons of coal and 21,000,000 feet of lumber. Over 600 ocean vessels arrived and departed in the samo time.

An Illustrated Journal of Mining, Popular Science and Gene ral News. BY DEWEY & CO., Publishers. VOLLME Number AXNIX 2. Tucson, Arizona. We learn from ‘Hiuton’s Handbook to Arizona” and other sources, that the early origin of Tucson is obscure, It is elaimed that ths valley was settled about the year 1560, which would make it tho oldest city in the United States sxcept Santa Ie, which was settled in 1555. Three miles below Tucson, and ons mile east of the mission of San Augustin ars the ruins of an old town, but no clew can bs obtainsd as to its origin, history, or the dats and circumstances of its destruction. . The lands near Tucson are very rich and were ones extensively cultivated, but the Apaches eompelled the peopls to abandon their ranches and sesk safety within the town. The climate is one of considerabls range; frequent frosts at night in winter, succeeded hy weather comfortably warm during the day. The sommars are quite hot, with a sufficient fall of temperature at night to maks eomfortable “fantastic tricks” to startle our vision with, gave to tbe summit lives and psak tops new and shifting images and forms, It is dillicult to realize as ous looks at the landscape here, that some of tho gresn fields in whieh Tucson is set like a dark psbbls in an emerald border have been under eontinuons cultivation for over 150 years, Contemporaneonsly the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, and that other fateful cargo had hsen placsd on ths banks of tho James river, in Virginia; the Spanish conquerors of Mexico had established a presidio at this point, and the Jesuit Fathers had raised the symbol of Christjanity, and erected houses of worship amid savage tribes and in tbs very heart of a wilderness. Ths town of Tucson then became tbe presidio of Tulqusou. North of this point tbers was no settleinent or mission, nor west of it cither, ths Puerta de San Diego bsing the nearest in that direction, Tucson was then, as now, ths principal placs in tbe Territory. It still stands as the representative of the old semiSpanish-Indian civilization; for the Mexicans comprise two-thirds of the resident population, and ‘‘the Church” occupies, with its offices, the . place of bonor enstomarily assigned to it in the sleeping. The spring and fall are quite variable. ‘laying out of a Spanish-American town—the A little stream flows past the town, ths water. principal portion of ths chief plaza or grand . will,removs‘any doubts about}her futurs that . attaches auywhere from 9 to 16 inches below from which keeps the valley perenSAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1879. of ths Apache nation in Arizona was subjugated. Many regenades, however, continned to infest the rich mineral districts of ths country until 1877, when they were finally killed or driven out hy tho hardy pioneer and prospector with rifle in ono hand and pickin the other, with his canteen with water and beans on his back he faced ths treacherous red devils, until tho regeuade Apachs is heard of no more. In Arizona asin California, the peace, tho prosperity, which now dawns upon them is largely . dus to the indefatigable, the brave and stouthearted miner, prospector and farming pioneers, The richness of the mines is now an accomplished fact, and improved appliances rapidly bringiug to light ths wealth so eagerly sought in times gone hy at the risk of the miner's life, And the Tombstone, as early as 1860, declared by its discoverer, Bronkow, to be the richest mineral district in ths territory, has, by late developments, placed him upon record as a trus prophet, finding bis pabulum for prophecy, bowsver, in known facts. Railroad commuuication, so soon to bring Tucson within rsach of a markot and to bring her within the pale of mechanical civilization, nially green. How like a fata morgana it looks when yon first see it in this encbanted atmosphere: the intensely blus sky overhead, the plain above it covered with sparse grass and fantastic cactus, that hide ths sand and make ths earth look verdant; ths low, white dome and the picturesqus buildings clustering about it; the adobe garden walls, with arcbed gateways, sometimes whitened, sometimes left in their native mud color, toned down by age and the glare of the sun; a tall mesquit tres, or a group of cottonwoods striving heavenward from among the adobs houses; Saddle mountain, with its ever changing tints and its strong lights and shades in the far distance, and Sugar-loaf or Sentinel hill to the immediate left, On ths plain bstween town and tbe Sugar-loaf, tbe ruins of what in any other country I should pronounce to have been a monastery, lift themselves from tbs fresh dewy green—venerabls, gray and stately— some wild vine creeping stealthily in at the frameless window, and out again at ths roofless top. Tucson is seen to be located about two-thirds of the way southeast, on a hnge plain or plateau, which presents many very striking features. Tbe wondsrfnl effects of the clear and rarified atmosphere are seen bere at tbeir best. The great plain or platsau in which just above this. tho value of this poiut asa trading post, and reading old arcbivas, placs the Santa Cruz sinks for many miles, to enter by a subtarranean channel the (tila river, nsar Maricopa Wells, is certainly ovar 100 miles in its greatest length and not less than 50 at its widest, which, from ths trend of the encircling mountain ranges, is in this vicinity. Looking north aud west the eye rests upon the deep blue faint outlines of ranges at a distance of at least 75 miles, Nearer and in the wonderful foreshortening, which is one of the most charming effects seen here, to tbe east and west may be seen the bold cones of the Picacbo and Desert peaks, They stand out in the translucent sky and the luminous sunrise or sunset, with their wonderful combination of colors, so vivid and startling as to defy even tbe brush of Turner bimself, as if one might walk over to them hetween hreakfast and the gray glooming which indicates that the night has passed. Nearer and closer, until their serrated summits seem about to bow down to us, on the east, trending from the northwest to the southeast, is a hold and remarkably well-delined mountain rauge known as the Santa Catalina, which sweeps in a bold semi-circle, framing tbe Santa Crnz valley in a massive way. The range lowers and a pass

opens just to the east of Tucson. The continning portion of the range is sometimes called the Rincon mountains. It looks wonderfully and fascinatingly bsautiful—the deep shadows and purple tones in whicb tbe snnset clothed its sides, while tbe mirage, which accompanies sunrise and sunset in this latitude, and plays such Piaae? square thereof. A map of Arizona will show will indicate also its future importancs, provided always the railroads going east and soutb shall pass througb it. ‘Tncson is uow the central point on the ovcrlaud route, and for communication with Sonora. It is the sea’ United States Custom House thereto, Tbe engraving on this page, taken from “Picturesque Arizona,” published by the Continent Stereoscopic Co., of New York, represents Tucson as it appeared in 1877. Of lats the miniug industry of Pima county has been rapidly developed, particularly by the rich strikes made in the Tombstone district and other localities. Tbe blood-thirsty Apaches murdered the early miners and dostroyed the mining appliances, . and what the Indians left intact tbe Mexicans . destroyed, and it was not until the Camp Grant massacre of tbe spring of 1871 that the long outraged people of Pima county took the settlement of tbe Indian question into their own hands, and, trailing the tbieving, murdering, blool-thirsty Apaches, with the plunder they bad stolen, into Camp Grant Indian reservation —their city of refuge—then and there our people made them atone for tbe hundreds of innocent lives they bad treacherously and barbarously taken. This good piece of work was tbe means of the government sending General Crook to take command of tbis department, wbose Indian policy. bronght the Indian question to a successful) issue, and at the close of 1874 the great body tof the nearest . been sanctioned by the Commissioners of ths CITYZOFSZ TUCSON, ARIZONA. her timid citizens may possess engendered by Pusyic Sream Heatine.—A project to introducs public stsam heating in New York bas Sinking Fund. The system is known as “‘Holly’s steam combination system” for beating, cooking, and other purposes. It is claimed that by it there will he a saving of $150,000 a year in the heating of the public buildings. It will also save ths city from $300,000 to $500,000 per annum in the removal of ashes from the dwellings and snow and ice from ths_ principal streets and avenues. The steam will be conveyed through pipes laid in the street, and supplied for any purpose. Its cleanliness and many advantages to the housekeeper cannot be estimated too highly. Tbe city is to receive $150,000 from the company for permission to lay the pipes, and a further compensation of 3% of the earnings of the company. That section of the city south of Canal street is set apart for the purpose. . Tue shrinkage of values does not seam to bave affected tbe price of seats in tbe New York Stock Exchange. A gentleman, anxious for the right to buy and sell in tbe cbarmed euclosure, bid $11,500 for a seat, at auction last montb— the highest price ever paid. Two HUNDRED AND FirTy emigrants from Iceland are en route to Minnesota. Intersecting Cable Wires, Ws havo been shown this model of an iuvention for wire cable grips, whereby a crossing can bs cffected at interssctions. Ths inventor is Vitruvins Frazes, architect, 137 Moutgomsry street, S, I, and his invention solves a multitude of problems connected with traffic ovar cable roads. Ths object of ths invention is to furnish a means by which cars propelled hy a cable ruuuing heneath other cables may cross such cables without any appreciable interruption, and without any special care on ths part of the engineer. The cars to which it isattached may bs stopped and started at any point on a crossiug. The cable is always within the dies when crossing anotber cable, and ths dies may bs tightened or loosensd at any poiat. No interchange of signals between cars of intersecting lines is necessary, because they may pass immediatsly in advance or in the rear of each other without any iuterference of their cables. The device has also another advyautage iu that it may be constructed to carry the cable to which it the surface, and however it may carry a cable it can cross any number of cables lying at various deptbs below tbe surface without touching any of them. Three notched-wheels revolving in a nearly continuous flange, each wheel having thres semi-cirenlar notches or openings somswhat larger than the cahle to ba passed, are attached to ths lower gear or grip of the car, The flange is broken only to admit the intersecting cable passing through at rigbt angles, the passing eabls turning the notched wheel and directing the cable into the next wheel and so on until passed. The lower gear of ths grip—tbat part helow the notched wheels—is provided with an inclined plane projecting out iv front of it, which forces tbe cross cabls upon a pulley attached to a stationary cable lifter, and thence on and in between the notched wheels. The eabls runs tbrough between tbe grip and sliding bar into the wheels as ] erfectly as if an open uuencumbered slot or passage existed, and the grip upon the drawing cable being maiutained witbout any exertion. The whole contrivance works automatically, and what would seem to be difficult to overcome is overcome in a simple manner, The grip itself is composed of a number of small pieces resting upon a rubber base or foundation so as to distributo the force or strain over many parts, instead of one, thus saving the wire. This latter isa devics unconnected with the crossing contrivance, We shall havs occasion in a future number to illustrate ths invention more patfectly than can bs done in a written description. Repucixe tHe Estmates.—It is not long since the Colorado press was computiug the bullion product of Leadville for the current year at something liks $100,000,000. Their present figuro is $11,000,000, ahout the annual yield of Euroka, Nevada, a camp conesrning which little is heard compared with the much said about Leadville. We hope there will be no cause for further reducing the bullion output of Leadville, tbe monetary world having adjusted itself fora large influx of silver from that source. Justice In Exciisu Covrts.—Tho Englisb bondholders of the ill-famed Emma mine of Utah, brought suit against Lewis & Son, metal brokers in Liverpool, to recover damages on the ground that they had conspired with Treanor W. Park and otbers, to cheat the plaintiffs. The jury found for the bondholders, to whom tbey awarded $40,000 damages, valnc of tbe stock assigned defendants by their coadjutors. Wasuincroy Territory last year exported 160,000 tons of coal and 21,000,000 feet of lumber. Over 600 ocean vessels arrived and departed in the samo time.