March 8, 1862 (4 pages)

ag war, with an A The Blorning Transcript. NEVADA CITY. SATURDAY MORNING, MARCH 8th. —_—_—_—_—_————— PACIFIC RatLtoap—SarGent’s SPEECH. We have before us-anuble speech of Hon. A. A. Sargent, on the Pacific Railrogd, which we shall take the liberty to serve up te—our readers quite—liberally. Mr. Sargent takes gold of this matter as he does everything elae,. “\ © with althis might. He has introduced a bill providing for building the road, and is now’ bending his efforts to put it through. ~ ‘Mr. Sargent argues the constitutional right of the Government,.and comes to the same conclusion that the old stateamen of the better days of the Republic did as to‘the. right} of Congress to make appropriations for internal improvements. Speaking of the loyality of the people of California and their loca! position in reference to a war with foreign "powers, our Representative uses the following truthful language : Sir, it is these people who earnestly de. inand through us; their congressional Representatives, to che heard upon the great questions which affect their welfare. ‘The States of California and Oregon are realities. ‘They are legitimate members of this great. family. They are ever ready and willing to falfill their duties and obligations to the parent Government. They are true, loyal, and patriotic. They willlay down their lives aud pour out their treasure in support of this glorious Union. In the State which I have the honor in part to reprebent, they have . battled -nobly-to-overthrow—the—chivalrie dynasty which has so long sat like an incubus upon the. breast of their government, that factious. oligarchy whose southern aympathies and secession tendencies were the more _ @ingerous as they were sought to be concealed under the specious-names of -ant-coercion, eace policy, Pacific republic, d&c. They ave-bravely—vindicated their teve fer the Union by striking duwn, as I-believe, for-ever, that insidious foo at the late election. — And they claim to be heard at this Congress upon.the subject of their necessities by the mouth of their chosen and. honored Represontatives. Their great want is action ; __ aetion on the subject of it railroad commaaication with the Atlantic States.” — = ’ The position of the peopl» of California, and of the whole Pacific coast, in the event maritime Powér, is an unenviable one. ® are not, situated as are our sister States of the Atlantic slope. The éustern States possess within themaelves lements of power and self-reliance which will enable them to sustain themselves in time of either peace or war. Their line of sea-coast and their lakes and maritime cities are pro« tected oy defensive fortifications, which can “protect them from tivasion. Their fietds of mineral wealth, of iron and coal, are already developed, and they will find their usual marketa through the channels of communication whieb have already been made,and which a foreign war cannot close. Their minufacturing establishments are sufficiently extensive and varied to enable them to manufaeture within themselves every article which their necessities may require. The great én nad atore-house of the West, which hitherto supplied food not only for the eonsumption of the Atlantic States, but for the needy millions of foreign countries, will be open still, and will be drawn upon only for the support of the people of those States. The network of railroads and canals, whose ramifications. pervade and extend to every part of the country, will still continue in operation, and afford their customary facilities for the tratsporation of public and private stores and goode—still be available tor the urposes of Government, in rapidly coucenrating ita troeps at any required point. But how ia it with us? Members of the gatne Confederation, we are more distant frem our mother land than is India from the British isles, In case of a foreign war, we as neither the power nor means to sueoossfully defend ourselves trom the assaulte of our foes. The Isthinus route, new available and open, will then be closed, Our oaly water communication will be via Cape Horn ——u voyage of over fifteen thousand miles, ~ requiring frow four to five montha to make the passage in clipperships, and this asaailible by the enemy's vessel its whole length. — Even supposing & vessel fortunate enough to oxcape the attentions of the enemy's cruisers on the Atlantic, she must then run the gaunt ‘Teton the Pavifie; and on arriving ‘at San Francisco, how will she piss the enemy's blockading feet? aw fereign war will be the entire destruction of our commerce. We are confined like the fox in his hole, unable to advance or retreat. itis true that-wenewraise -breadstufls enough to supply our wants. But if the enemy once obtain arfeotbold upon our soil, from.the peculiar position of our agricultural lands, which lie within the great inland valleys of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin, the operations of the husbandman _ would soon be destroyed. * The picture here drawn is nut an impossibility : Sir, I have said that these evils would preaent themselves to the-people of California. I cannot bear to think of the deep disgrace and ¢ 46 our country implied -in the ieific States, to think that my be the appendage ofa distant monarchy. I believe the other alternative would be accepted by my people—that would flee from such disgrace ; and if the time does ever come and finds us ali unprepared, as now we are unprepared, they No, sir, the first result of to meet the emergence i y, there will be witnessed an exodus from the Pacific coast which will be ever memorable in the history of nations—such an emigrant train as never before wended its way acruss this continent. It will travel eastward, und its course will be marked for centuries to come by the whitened bones of thousands of men, women, and children, whose last. earthly ery was for bread. Fleeing from # war against which they had-no. defense, trem starration amid inhospitable mountains, they would fall and dié'in the wilderness. Would you bid them submit ? Sir, know the gallant hearts of my people. I know that many thousands would contest inch by inch with the invading foe—that they would fight and conquer could they but be fed.and be supplied with weapons. You need no standing army. in Califernia, side from amall trained garrisons in the forts, if you can-furnish its hardy song with the means of war. But these not to be obtuined, they would be driven back and starved out till they surrendered or fled, and California. be lost. to the. Union, Think. you a treaty would restore it? Go make treaty with the. vulture! But even if-a” treaty would restore if, would you deserve the adhesionof California when you left it a defenseless prey te covetous enemies ? No, sir; once lost it is lost forever. Sir, ifthe position I-have assumed -ia correct, to-wit, that this work is a wilitary iecessity, it is as properly the subject of -insmediate legislation us are our own. ferta and ser-board defenses. It cannot be commenced too soon, and the length of time required tv construct it should bé the strongest argu: mont in favor of immedinte uctien. You may on this side be able to wait ten years witliout feeling ita necessity. But, sir, we Upon the other side. will wait in silent suspense, in fear and trembling. Why should you hesitate longer to perform this great act of justice to your brethren of the Pacific ?—= Can wo afford to lose “Catifornia and our Pacific possessions 7 the cost of a railroad} money market endure the deprivation of our ce t How your manufactures sustain the oss of our trade, as they would with a change of tariff to suit foreign preducers ?) = Woud not your debt bo lighteried by developing your intermediate Territories! If a war fic Stites, even if you suceeeded in the effort: which would be inpossible; would amount to treble-eost of this read. Is the empire we have founded ov the Pacific nut worth protection? If not,.why was it established 7 Tt.is said thot the-dangerof a war. with Bagland-is new-past. Let us not deceive aur: selves.” “The” hostile feeling towards — this country which seized -upouthe late trivial difficulty when we were in the midst of embarrasswent and danger, and made it the occasion of a war, still exists; and I say to you here that the danger o a war is not past until the lion of England bus becowe a lamb, incapable of giving, or we sunk so low that we are incapable of receiving, an ingult. The main features of the bill introduced by Mr. Sargent, cre eet forth concisely in his own language For the information of the people we copy: The bill which T have had the henor to introduce in this House contemplates the issuande of Tnited States bouds té be. louned to the company ata fixed amount per mile, being about one hall the coutemplated cost of continuous sections of twenty-five and fifty miles; also a grant of alternate sections of the publie lands for six miles upon either side of the road, Although I have long been. in favor of a different plan or mode of .granting aid, yet inasmuch as the plan T have named appears to have been the one adopted by the edinmittee at their last or Thirty-Sixth session, it having been thoroughly disenussed and final4y approved by the House, T felt almost’ instructed to conform to the thus expressed ideas of the House upon the subject, and accordingly introduced a bill inconformity thereto. Under that bill t think it ean be successfully demonstrated that no great additional burden will be lid on the’ Lreasury of the United States for many years to come. As before stated, the bill provides that upon the completion of sections ofa certain length, the United States shall issue their bonds at a cortain rate per mile to the company; also iasue to them the linds appertaining to such completed section or division, At the rates propdésed it is likely that the totad amount of bounds issued will be about sixty millions of dollars. > But it must be borne in mind that these bonds are not to be issued at once. Atleast one year after the passage of the bill willbe consumed in making the necessary surveys, and in preparing for work: and it will the second year that any bouds will be called for. If we assume the length of the road to be two thousand miles, to be completed in ‘ten years, this will require the -eompletion of au average length of two hundred miles per year. If weussume the whole cost to be sixty millions, then there will be required will be $260,000 per year, required. hear this sub Are thes iot “worth How. will your should come, the cost ef keeping your. Paci: [ not be until at the expiration of the issurance of sixty mil lions of dollars per year— the interest on which at six per cent, u, At the expiration at the second year it is likely. that an issue of six millions in bonds will be called for. But inasmuch as the interest is to be paid semi-annually it follows that under the provisons of this bill, fora period of two anda half years after its passage no payment of in terest from the United States Treasury is The payment then becoming due wil be $180,000; and at the end of the third year it will be an additional $180,000. «The total amount of payments required at the close of the fifth year, inclusive, will have been $5,400,000, and the annual payment of interest on the completion of the road will be $3,600,000. Are these the fearful expenditures that frighten gentlemen when they ject mentioned? The bill furthe Government in transportation of mails. military stores, troops, &c., and that Governments may in case of war take prossession of and use the road for its purposes. Even if it takes ten years to build the road we do not wait so long for its benefits. Every mile thatis constructed bridges the gap between the two oceans, and adds new security to our Pacific pussessions, by increasing the facilites and diminishing the cost of defending and supplying. them Mr. Sargent endeavurs to excite the national pride by recounting the immense endeavors of the British and Russian Governments to supply those Empires with railroads. The. operations of Great Britain in-this line are particularly instructive: The length of lines sanctioned by the guarantée of Governient up to 1858, in British Indix, was four thousand eight hundred and forty-séven miles, of which three thousand and thirty-eight. miles were in the course of construction, and would be completed during the year 1862. The capital guarantied by Government was about two hundred millions of dollars, of which one half had theu-been ment guarantied upon the-entire cost of the roada, amounting to about two hundred mill ons of dollars, a per cent. profit. The theory of the guaranty is that the lines will pay the per cent. guarantied. Jf they fail to be 80 profitable, the Government, under its zuaranty, would mak us the deficiency fora period of years; The cost of the-construetion of those roads averages $60,000 per mile. rom an interesting report to Parliament upon the construction of railways in i he made in 1859, it appears that seven differbnt cotmpanies were engaged in constructing rail1oads in India, under the gearinty of the Government. They are enumerated as follows : ~—"PheEnst tidia-Com pany, extending from Calettta to"Delhi, witha branch fram Mir: zupoor to the Peninsula Company at Jnbbulpoor, the total length of which is fourteen hinndred. miles, and the coust uf whiew, lfready completed to Patna, has been about sixty thousand dollars per inile. It is estic mated to: cost $70,000,000 completed. The East India Peninsula Company, from Bombay .northerly to the East fndia line of Jubbuipeor, and southerly to meet the Madras line to Belliro. This line was at the time of the report completed to Poonab. Its estimated cost ia $60,000,000. The. Madras’ Company, extending from Madras to. Beypoor, on the Malabar coast; estimated cost B30.000,000 TheBombay, Pareda, and Central India line, extending from Bombay to Ahmedabad; costing $10,000,000. The Scinde and Punjaub hne, from Kurrachee to Kotree, androm Mooltan to Latiore; costing $13,000. The Bengal line fram €aleutta to Dacca, witha branch to Jessore; cost ug $5,000,O00 The Great Southern Company, from Salem to Negapatamn and Madura; consisting $10,000°000. ‘, These seven dines alone, costing $200 ,000,000, or twice the cost af the Pacifie railroad and at this moment nearly completed. There are projected in British India at the present Ume twelve thousand iniles of railroad, which will cost 600,000,000. These roads are spread like a network over Endta, and fully attest-the foresight and sagacity of that Government in thus early recognizing the absolute necessity of railrGad communication us & means of strengthening the pewer of the English Government in the éxercise of her authority over these important posess‘one. Hada railroad been at the command of Havelock, how mech earlier would Lucknow have been relieved from the distresses of that awful siege. e For the construction of all-these lines it is stated that the Government guarantee has been given. The companies have the power of surrendering the works at any time after their eutire completion, upon giving six months’ notice to the Government, which undertakes to pay the amount expended thereon by the companies. The Government has the power, within six months after the expirution of twenty-five or thirty years, of purchasing the railways at the mean market yalvein London of the shares during the three previous years. In case of a failure to complete these lines, or to work them satisfac torily, the Government is authorized to assume possession of the same, and repay within six months the sum expended. The Russien Goverament has also adopted the same method of carrying into execution the grand system of railroad improvements projected in that empire. The entive speech of Mr. Sargent on this most important of all questions to California, may be foand in the Duily Congressional Globe of February lat. and will repay the perusal. We can not forbear the remark that had way. _——— its of the law. ther provides that these sume eball be repaid from its mouth to the town of in San Joaquin county. \ fullly paid up—in other words, the Govern-" past Congresses contained only a few men of Sargent's energy and stamp, instead of such worthless boobies as Charley’ Scott and Phil. Herbert, something more would have bees done than has been fur an interoeeanic rail-— ANOTHER SurT.—MeNeely, of Sweetland, who was thrown from a stage and had an arm broken some weeke-sincé, has commenced a suit against the California Stage Company for $10,000 damages. We learn the company intend to contest the cave to the farthest limNAVIGATION ON THe MOKELUMNE.— This river is open for navigable purposes Woodbridge, peacneieenll oy Personat Carps.—It has been our fortune during near seven yedrs of editorial life to be assailed by five defamatory personal cards . through the press in opposition to us. , During thet time, we have probably been requested to publish fifty at least of the same snort of articles,—one recently againat the editor of the Democ:at—and in.nine cases out of ten have refused. We dislike: to~-puash our’ experience inthis line before the-public, but, for the benefit of all concerned we. deem it instructive ut least, to set forth the’ men in namer to defamatory articles against us. The first instance of the kind grew out of anarticle in which we tuld faithfully how thirty thousand dollars of the money of the State had been spent for nothing -A young Hotspur who received a thousand dollars of it, cenceived it his duty to vent his anathemas atusina card. That individual begame a Benedict Arnold to his country and is now in the rebel States plotting the destruction of the American Republic. Again, we criticized a work, which it was our legitimate province to dy as a journalist. The professed compiler resorted to @ card — numerous breeches ot trust sloped for Mexico sast fall with all the property of dead men he could rake and scrape, leaving himself a defaulter toa considerable amount. Two other eases soon oceurred of men resorting to “a card,” but as neither had significance enough to notice, either for talent or infamy, we, forthe sake of shortening this atticle, Jetthem quietly pies: The hist case of “a card” against us is that in the Democrat of the 6th—the Democrat has been singularly lucky in having had three out of the five to publish—from ene Getchell, a person not unThis-Getehell declares we drew a pistol ou lim and swore we would shoot him if he did not go off a lot which he says was as much his as cure, and-avers-that we will not pay him adebt. The same individual went before the Grand Jury and took known to fame. {a swear—a pretty stiff swear if was—=againet us As good lick would tiave it, his ieighbors were brought before the Jury and the consequence was; he was allowed to go away with out succeeding in his malicious purpeses.-— The facts were probably brought out that we neither pointed a pistol at him vor threatened to shoot him, but confined our efforts to his carcass. : As to any statements this’ Getchell may make,.all we ean do is to held the newspaper that publishes them responsible. Any jour: nabthat would admit one of his “cards” into Lits colimns knowing his reputation as -the Democrat doves, ought to be willing at least to right the wrong-by publishing the facts.— Nothing less is fair Or honorable, That the people abroad-anay get some idea of who this beetle-headed ass ix, who assumes to be competent to malign us, we quote, 9th Cal. Reports, p. 312, premising the “quotation by saying, by way of explanation, that Getebell was once a juror in a noted case of murder in this county, and swore he bad neither formed nor expressed an, opinion as to the guilt or innocence of the prisoner, and was udmitted to sit in the case. The prisoner was convicted. hard doliara. Why the Supreme Court which we here quote : ations of Getehell made before trial. charged, declared that “the that he was guilty of murder. ecution, as to the facts alleged. ment in the affidavits, and, we the juror. ecutian, and an intimate friend of Getehell mer ought to be hung. Getchell files ap éfidavit de ate friend of the juror. voir dire.” if i A man who could so far fo their true light, who have subscribed their That piece of humanity, after being guilty of simply clearing the lot he had “jumped” of An appeal was tuken to the Supreme Court, and the judgment of the District Court reversed, and anew trial ordered which coat Nevada county. several new trial was ordered will be seen from the decision of the “After verdict, defendant introduced the affidavits of Pulse and Hall, as to the declar( The affidavit of Pulse stated that Getchell, soon after the killing with which defendant was hat People ought to take Plummer out’ of:jatl and bang him,” and on other eceasions expressed a belief In addition to the affidavits, witnesses were examined both by the accused and the prost The testimonyot the witnesses corroborate the statei think, clearly establish that such a declaration was made by juror. In the testimony there is but little conflict. Avery, a witness for the pFasstates that he was present at the time alluded to, and that he thinks Getchell eaid that Plam: I : nying the fact stated in the affidavits, but we think this af. fidavit not sufficient to overthrow the testimony of three witnesses, one of whom was called by thé prosecution, and was the intimIndeed. it would seem that his affidavit is entitled to no ieee weight than hie solemn declaration on his It is clear that neither of these jurors competent to sit upon the wih of Seeebene hey were gna sate iti ; case wvolving the life or berty’ of a citiser, . a citizen, and ie sgieds ae Oe An stvertisemest : tion, as to openly advocate taking the life of a citizen without the form of law, and deprive him of the chanee of ajary trial, would not béeikely-to stop at any means to secure, sinder’ the forms ofa legal triel.a Tesull which he Kad publicly declared ou,tat fo be accomplished by an open violation of the law. With such arecord, and a reputation that does pot redeem it a particle, we apprehend there are a few thousand people on this pepulous glube whe would besitate slightly about “receiving his evidence under any ciretmstanees. whatever “Murper at Cave City.—A° French for years done business at Cave City in Caleveras county,sdys the Stockton Independent waa early last week murdered by owe ruftians for $1,500 in geld dust which he was carrying to Sun Andreas for exchange. This is the second time within two years that Mr De Fontombert’s lile was attempted by robbers. He-was a mest estimable gentleman, highly educated, polished in. his manners, and a member of a distinguished Freneh family. The murderers had not been taken at the time of our information Was sent anne a Aioweremanieenganehmecue ashop in the.south part ofthe city. Having effected his purchase, he shouldered” the heavy article, weighing some sixty pounds, and taking it to the Market street riitrond track, laid it dawn in the sand to wait. fer the train. he retarned to find that the vice hed taker it toa circle of adiniring spectators. former loeation, where it had not laid more it and had it on his dray. A dispute ensued, and finder No.2 reluetautly put it batk again had it in his milk wagon ma twinkling, and cauld only be persunded by threats—of a policeman to replace it. neress the street to speck to a friend, and 7 returned just in tive to see.atruckman dia . appearing around the corner with the nimble . idplement on his his truck. This time it . took along chase to recover his property, i und the owner immediately chartering an-express wagon started for the Mission without . waiting fur the cars;-and inhis anxiety am 3 on the vies and held it with both the way home, where he at last landed in J safety. Lent.—In the regtilation for Lent, issued by Archbishop Alemany, it is declared that . in all the week days from Ash Wednesday . (to-morrow) tH? Eastern Sunday, but one J meal with «a moderate collation, may be 7 taken. mealexcept on the Wednesdays and Fridays, 9 the Ember days, and the Thursday and J Saturday of Holy Week. Flesh and fish may } not be eaten at the same meal even ou Sun . days. Ee” The Silver Age says that lumber is . very scarce in Nevada Territory, the ruling figures being $75 per thousand. Ee In the vicinity of Petaluma, wherever . we have hews, the farmers are actively ep § } gaged in putting m wheat. From present . indications Sonoma will bring to market next . year a larger amount of this necessary article . than any previous season. “AN ENLIGHTENED BisHup.—The Catho. he bishop of Buffalo deems it questionable ” whethena priest should confess a member of gt newspapers ! of Nevada Territory whileskylarking” with some ladies at # ball, a few tights since, lost . one uf his fingers by having thedoor slaw © med upon it. tte was obliged to have it am. putated. ’ ; q nation of General Shields to a brigadier ger . eralship. about one wile trum Ophir. FREIGRHT.—The San saya: ‘It is anticipated that in a few days it will be necessary to put on more steamer’ or sail vessels, to accommodate the freight which is here awaiting transports tion to th . interior on the Sucramente line of travel.” . IN the orchards of General Vallejo, in Se noma Val'py, grows an apple tree, a Califor nia seedling, which, although only eight year old, yielded last fall the enormous product! two thousand one hundred pounds of applet. large and of superior quality. : “A TRUTH WELL STATED.—In one of tht Sunday Law reports recently made to th! Legislature, the following sentanée occurs: 4 ‘* Whenever a religion, to extend ite infe . ence, solicits the authority of the civil power, 4 creates discontent, jealousy and antipt merchnut—nemed—De—Featambert, whe has — . ~RA man whe lives in the vieinity of the . Mission went to San Franciseo, x few days 4 since, und purchased a ‘black smith’s vice at . 4 Stepping into a store a. moment, & legs ind walked. off to.a blacksmith shop near «3 by, where the finder was proudly exhibiting After . someé difficulty our friend from the interior captured his property and got it. back tecite . than thirty seconds hetore a draymaneriated @ Nexta milkinan drove up, and seeing the prize . The owner then went . hands all Baye Flesh meat is allowed at that. one @ the church wotil the penitent has paid fur his . A GOVERNOR SKYLARKING.—Gov. Nye @ TH*Ten Sepators voted against the nomi ; panes . eens tw The Silver Aye says six cases uf smal Oe pox have appeared ut Judge Watson's mil BS Francieco Herald . 4 Dist pC U pir with th duke R amount ture.th and the iby the. tended full. bu witness Pfer pub pai eas the, pla PSO year in a ate Mr R: uge am hale ob with hi Prepou The . I she wa: St Lou P 1c4Y he : busines: « 1852 sb p that she peated, her; the cand-ereu and Iive ‘te Maat that pla ters to . and. cor her, inj __iaing ail in the fi a Justic took as he sent B feet (th “dn. Court ises ehe and live been the old prae her; tha and that him and She thet fendant property $10,000 The d gations + troduce< get drun On the . admitted lived tog inent cor ly collap days, wi doing as bly be e: place in #0 much lawyers of them &0O Was of the re be grant no child demulish dressing married whether apply fo testimon till Thur followed fense. ( Esq., op five hour closed th three he mitted te deliberat plaintiff. w.l! prob Ly To the other the press the Mary cand as u say he ha tien it. . for a Nex We no Haworth few days

ag war, with an A The Blorning Transcript. NEVADA CITY. SATURDAY MORNING, MARCH 8th. —_—_—_—_—_————— PACIFIC RatLtoap—SarGent’s SPEECH. We have before us-anuble speech of Hon. A. A. Sargent, on the Pacific Railrogd, which we shall take the liberty to serve up te—our readers quite—liberally. Mr. Sargent takes gold of this matter as he does everything elae,. “\ © with althis might. He has introduced a bill providing for building the road, and is now’ bending his efforts to put it through. ~ ‘Mr. Sargent argues the constitutional right of the Government,.and comes to the same conclusion that the old stateamen of the better days of the Republic did as to‘the. right} of Congress to make appropriations for internal improvements. Speaking of the loyality of the people of California and their loca! position in reference to a war with foreign "powers, our Representative uses the following truthful language : Sir, it is these people who earnestly de. inand through us; their congressional Representatives, to che heard upon the great questions which affect their welfare. ‘The States of California and Oregon are realities. ‘They are legitimate members of this great. family. They are ever ready and willing to falfill their duties and obligations to the parent Government.. They are true, loyal, and patriotic. They willlay down their lives aud pour out their treasure in support of this glorious Union. In the State which I have the honor in part to reprebent, they have . battled -nobly-to-overthrow—the—chivalrie dynasty which has so long sat like an incubus upon the. breast of their government, that factious. oligarchy whose southern aympathies and secession tendencies were the more _ @ingerous as they were sought to be concealed under the specious-names of -ant-coercion, eace policy, Pacific republic, d&c. They ave-bravely—vindicated their teve fer the Union by striking duwn, as I-believe, for-ever, that insidious foo at the late election. — And they claim to be heard at this Congress upon.the subject of their necessities by the mouth of their chosen and. honored Represontatives. Their great want is action ; __ aetion on the subject of it railroad commaaication with the Atlantic States.” — = ’ The position of the peopl» of California, and of the whole Pacific coast, in the event maritime Powér, is an unenviable one. ® are not, situated as are our sister States of the Atlantic slope. The éustern States possess within themaelves lements of power and self-reliance which will enable them to sustain themselves in time of either peace or war. Their line of sea-coast and their lakes and maritime cities are pro« tected oy defensive fortifications, which can “protect them from tivasion. Their fietds of mineral wealth, of iron and coal, are already developed, and they will find their usual marketa through the channels of communication whieb have already been made,and which a foreign war cannot close. Their minufacturing establishments are sufficiently extensive and varied to enable them to manufaeture within themselves every article which their necessities may require. The great én nad atore-house of the West, which hitherto supplied food not only for the eonsumption of the Atlantic States, but for the needy millions of foreign countries, will be open still, and will be drawn upon only for the support of the people of those States. The network of railroads and canals, whose ramifications. pervade and extend to every part of the country, will still continue in operation, and afford their customary facilities for the tratsporation of public and private stores and goode—still be available tor the urposes of Government, in rapidly coucenrating ita troeps at any required point. But how ia it with us? Members of the gatne Confederation, we are more distant frem our mother land than is India from the British isles, In case of a foreign war, we as neither the power nor means to sueoossfully defend ourselves trom the assaulte of our foes. The Isthinus route, new available and open, will then be closed, Our oaly water communication will be via Cape Horn ——u voyage of over fifteen thousand miles, ~ requiring frow four to five montha to make the passage in clipperships, and this asaailible by the enemy's vessel its whole length. — Even supposing & vessel fortunate enough to oxcape the attentions of the enemy's cruisers on the Atlantic, she must then run the gaunt ‘Teton the Pavifie; and on arriving ‘at San Francisco, how will she piss the enemy's blockading feet? aw fereign war will be the entire destruction of our commerce. We are confined like the fox in his hole, unable to advance or retreat. itis true that-wenewraise -breadstufls enough to supply our wants. But if the enemy once obtain arfeotbold upon our soil, from.the peculiar position of our agricultural lands, which lie within the great inland valleys of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin, the operations of the husbandman _ would soon be destroyed. * The picture here drawn is nut an impossibility : Sir, I have said that these evils would preaent themselves to the-people of California. I cannot bear to think of the deep disgrace and ¢ 46 our country implied -in the ieific States, to think that my be the appendage ofa distant monarchy. I believe the other alternative would be accepted by my people—that would flee from such disgrace ; and if the time does ever come and finds us ali unprepared, as now we are unprepared, they No, sir, the first result of to meet the emergence i y, there will be witnessed an exodus from the Pacific coast which will be ever memorable in the history of nations—such an emigrant train as never before wended its way acruss this continent. It will travel eastward, und its course will be marked for centuries to come by the whitened bones of thousands of men, women, and children, whose last. earthly ery was for bread. Fleeing from # war against which they had-no. defense, trem starration amid inhospitable mountains, they would fall and dié'in the wilderness. Would you bid them submit ? Sir, know the gallant hearts of my people. I know that many thousands would contest inch by inch with the invading foe—that they would fight and conquer could they but be fed.and be supplied with weapons. You need no standing army. in Califernia, side from amall trained garrisons in the forts, if you can-furnish its hardy song with the means of war. But these not to be obtuined, they would be driven back and starved out till they surrendered or fled, and California. be lost. to the. Union, Think. you a treaty would restore it? Go make treaty with the. vulture! But even if-a” treaty would restore if, would you deserve the adhesionof California when you left it a defenseless prey te covetous enemies ? No, sir; once lost it is lost forever. Sir, ifthe position I-have assumed -ia correct, to-wit, that this work is a wilitary iecessity, it is as properly the subject of -insmediate legislation us are our own. ferta and ser-board defenses. It cannot be commenced too soon, and the length of time required tv construct it should bé the strongest argu: mont in favor of immedinte uctien. You may on this side be able to wait ten years witliout feeling ita necessity. But, sir, we Upon the other side. will wait in silent suspense, in fear and trembling. Why should you hesitate longer to perform this great act of justice to your brethren of the Pacific ?—= Can wo afford to lose “Catifornia and our Pacific possessions 7 the cost of a railroad} money market endure the deprivation of our ce t How your manufactures sustain the oss of our trade, as they would with a change of tariff to suit foreign preducers ?) = Woud not your debt bo lighteried by developing your intermediate Territories! If a war fic Stites, even if you suceeeded in the effort: which would be inpossible; would amount to treble-eost of this read. Is the empire we have founded ov the Pacific nut worth protection? If not,.why was it established 7 Tt.is said thot the-dangerof a war. with Bagland-is new-past. Let us not deceive aur: selves.” “The” hostile feeling towards — this country which seized -upouthe late trivial difficulty when we were in the midst of embarrasswent and danger, and made it the occasion of a war, still exists; and I say to you here that the danger o a war is not past until the lion of England bus becowe a lamb, incapable of giving, or we sunk so low that we are incapable of receiving, an ingult. The main features of the bill introduced by Mr. Sargent, cre eet forth concisely in his own language For the information of the people we copy: The bill which T have had the henor to introduce in this House contemplates the issuande of Tnited States bouds té be. louned to the company ata fixed amount per mile, being about one hall the coutemplated cost of continuous sections of twenty-five and fifty miles; also a grant of alternate sections of the publie lands for six miles upon either side of the road, Although I have long been. in favor of a different plan or mode of .granting aid, yet inasmuch as the plan T have named appears to have been the one adopted by the edinmittee at their last or Thirty-Sixth session, it having been thoroughly disenussed and final4y approved by the House, T felt almost’ instructed to conform to the thus expressed ideas of the House upon the subject, and accordingly introduced a bill inconformity thereto. Under that bill t think it ean be successfully demonstrated that no great additional burden will be lid on the’ Lreasury of the United States for many years to come. As before stated, the bill provides that upon the completion of sections ofa certain length, the United States shall issue their bonds at a cortain rate per mile to the company; also iasue to them the linds appertaining to such completed section or division, At the rates propdésed it is likely that the totad amount of bounds issued will be about sixty millions of dollars. > But it must be borne in mind that these bonds are not to be issued at once. Atleast one year after the passage of the bill willbe consumed in making the necessary surveys, and in preparing for work: and it will the second year that any bouds will be called for. If we assume the length of the road to be two thousand miles, to be completed in ‘ten years, this will require the -eompletion of au average length of two hundred miles per year. If weussume the whole cost to be sixty millions, then there will be required will be $260,000 per year, required. hear this sub Are thes iot “worth How. will your should come, the cost ef keeping your. Paci: [ not be until at the expiration of the issurance of sixty mil lions of dollars per year— the interest on which at six per cent, u, At the expiration at the second year it is likely. that an issue of six millions in bonds will be called for. But inasmuch as the interest is to be paid semi-annually it follows that under the provisons of this bill, fora period of two anda half years after its passage no payment of in terest from the United States Treasury is The payment then becoming due wil be $180,000; and at the end of the third year it will be an additional $180,000. «The total amount of payments required at the close of the fifth year, inclusive, will have been $5,400,000, and the annual payment of interest on the completion of the road will be $3,600,000. Are these the fearful expenditures that frighten gentlemen when they ject mentioned? The bill furthe Government in transportation of mails. military stores, troops, &c., and that Governments may in case of war take prossession of and use the road for its purposes. Even if it takes ten years to build the road we do not wait so long for its benefits. Every mile thatis constructed bridges the gap between the two oceans, and adds new security to our Pacific pussessions, by increasing the facilites and diminishing the cost of defending and supplying. them Mr. Sargent endeavurs to excite the national pride by recounting the immense endeavors of the British and Russian Governments to supply those Empires with railroads. The. operations of Great Britain in-this line are particularly instructive: The length of lines sanctioned by the guarantée of Governient up to 1858, in British Indix, was four thousand eight hundred and forty-séven miles, of which three thousand and thirty-eight. miles were in the course of construction, and would be completed during the year 1862. The capital guarantied by Government was about two hundred millions of dollars, of which one half had theu-been ment guarantied upon the-entire cost of the roada, amounting to about two hundred mill ons of dollars, a per cent. profit. The theory of the guaranty is that the lines will pay the per cent. guarantied. Jf they fail to be 80 profitable, the Government, under its zuaranty, would mak us the deficiency fora period of years; The cost of the-construetion of those roads averages $60,000 per mile. rom an interesting report to Parliament upon the construction of railways in i he made in 1859, it appears that seven differbnt cotmpanies were engaged in constructing rail1oads in India, under the gearinty of the Government. They are enumerated as follows : ~—"PheEnst tidia-Com pany, extending from Calettta to"Delhi, witha branch fram Mir: zupoor to the Peninsula Company at Jnbbulpoor, the total length of which is fourteen hinndred. miles, and the coust uf whiew, lfready completed to Patna, has been about sixty thousand dollars per inile. It is estic mated to: cost $70,000,000 completed. The East India Peninsula Company, from Bombay .northerly to the East fndia line of Jubbuipeor, and southerly to meet the Madras line to Belliro. This line was at the time of the report completed to Poonab. Its estimated cost ia $60,000,000. The. Madras’ Company, extending from Madras to. Beypoor, on the Malabar coast; estimated cost B30.000,000 TheBombay, Pareda, and Central India line, extending from Bombay to Ahmedabad; costing $10,000,000. The Scinde and Punjaub hne, from Kurrachee to Kotree, androm Mooltan to Latiore; costing $13,000. The Bengal line fram €aleutta to Dacca, witha branch to Jessore; cost ug $5,000,O00 The Great Southern Company, from Salem to Negapatamn and Madura; consisting $10,000°000. ‘, These seven dines alone, costing $200 ,000,000, or twice the cost af the Pacifie railroad and at this moment nearly completed. There are projected in British India at the present Ume twelve thousand iniles of railroad, which will cost 600,000,000. These roads are spread like a network over Endta, and fully attest-the foresight and sagacity of that Government in thus early recognizing the absolute necessity of railrGad communication us & means of strengthening the pewer of the English Government in the éxercise of her authority over these important posess‘one. Hada railroad been at the command of Havelock, how mech earlier would Lucknow have been relieved from the distresses of that awful siege. e For the construction of all-these lines it is stated that the Government guarantee has been given. The companies have the power of surrendering the works at any time after their eutire completion, upon giving six months’ notice to the Government, which undertakes to pay the amount expended thereon by the companies. The Government has the power, within six months after the expirution of twenty-five or thirty years, of purchasing the railways at the mean market yalvein London of the shares during the three previous years. In case of a failure to complete these lines, or to work them satisfac torily, the Government is authorized to assume possession of the same, and repay within six months the sum expended. The Russien Goverament has also adopted the same method of carrying into execution the grand system of railroad improvements projected in that empire. The entive speech of Mr. Sargent on this most important of all questions to California, may be foand in the Duily Congressional Globe of February lat. and will repay the perusal. We can not forbear the remark that had way. _——— its of the law. ther provides that these sume eball be repaid from its mouth to the town of in San Joaquin county. \ fullly paid up—in other words, the Govern-" past Congresses contained only a few men of Sargent's energy and stamp, instead of such worthless boobies as Charley’ Scott and Phil. Herbert, something more would have bees done than has been fur an interoeeanic rail-— ANOTHER SurT.—MeNeely, of Sweetland, who was thrown from a stage and had an arm broken some weeke-sincé, has commenced a suit against the California Stage Company for $10,000 damages. We learn the company intend to contest the cave to the farthest limNAVIGATION ON THe MOKELUMNE.— This river is open for navigable purposes Woodbridge, peacneieenll oy Personat Carps.—It has been our fortune during near seven yedrs of editorial life to

be assailed by five defamatory personal cards . through the press in opposition to us. , During thet time, we have probably been requested to publish fifty at least of the same snort of articles,—one recently againat the editor of the Democ:at—and in.nine cases out of ten have refused. We dislike: to~-puash our’ experience inthis line before the-public, but, for the benefit of all concerned we. deem it instructive ut least, to set forth the’ men in namer to defamatory articles against us. The first instance of the kind grew out of anarticle in which we tuld faithfully how thirty thousand dollars of the money of the State had been spent for nothing -A young Hotspur who received a thousand dollars of it, cenceived it his duty to vent his anathemas atusina card. That individual begame a Benedict Arnold to his country and is now in the rebel States plotting the destruction of the American Republic. Again, we criticized a work, which it was our legitimate province to dy as a journalist. The professed compiler resorted to @ card — numerous breeches ot trust sloped for Mexico sast fall with all the property of dead men he could rake and scrape, leaving himself a defaulter toa considerable amount. Two other eases soon oceurred of men resorting to “a card,” but as neither had significance enough to notice, either for talent or infamy, we, forthe sake of shortening this atticle, Jetthem quietly pies: The hist case of “a card” against us is that in the Democrat of the 6th—the Democrat has been singularly lucky in having had three out of the five to publish—from ene Getchell, a person not unThis-Getehell declares we drew a pistol ou lim and swore we would shoot him if he did not go off a lot which he says was as much his as cure, and-avers-that we will not pay him adebt. The same individual went before the Grand Jury and took known to fame. {a swear—a pretty stiff swear if was—=againet us As good lick would tiave it, his ieighbors were brought before the Jury and the consequence was; he was allowed to go away with out succeeding in his malicious purpeses.-— The facts were probably brought out that we neither pointed a pistol at him vor threatened to shoot him, but confined our efforts to his carcass. : As to any statements this’ Getchell may make,.all we ean do is to held the newspaper that publishes them responsible. Any jour: nabthat would admit one of his “cards” into Lits colimns knowing his reputation as -the Democrat doves, ought to be willing at least to right the wrong-by publishing the facts.— Nothing less is fair Or honorable, That the people abroad-anay get some idea of who this beetle-headed ass ix, who assumes to be competent to malign us, we quote, 9th Cal. Reports, p. 312, premising the “quotation by saying, by way of explanation, that Getebell was once a juror in a noted case of murder in this county, and swore he bad neither formed nor expressed an, opinion as to the guilt or innocence of the prisoner, and was udmitted to sit in the case. The prisoner was convicted. hard doliara. Why the Supreme Court which we here quote : ations of Getehell made before trial. charged, declared that “the that he was guilty of murder. ecution, as to the facts alleged. ment in the affidavits, and, we the juror. ecutian, and an intimate friend of Getehell mer ought to be hung. Getchell files ap éfidavit de ate friend of the juror. voir dire.” if i A man who could so far fo their true light, who have subscribed their That piece of humanity, after being guilty of simply clearing the lot he had “jumped” of An appeal was tuken to the Supreme Court, and the judgment of the District Court reversed, and anew trial ordered which coat Nevada county. several new trial was ordered will be seen from the decision of the “After verdict, defendant introduced the affidavits of Pulse and Hall, as to the declar( The affidavit of Pulse stated that Getchell, soon after the killing with which defendant was hat People ought to take Plummer out’ of:jatl and bang him,” and on other eceasions expressed a belief In addition to the affidavits, witnesses were examined both by the accused and the prost The testimonyot the witnesses corroborate the statei think, clearly establish that such a declaration was made by juror. In the testimony there is but little conflict. Avery, a witness for the pFasstates that he was present at the time alluded to, and that he thinks Getchell eaid that Plam: I : nying the fact stated in the affidavits, but we think this af. fidavit not sufficient to overthrow the testimony of three witnesses, one of whom was called by thé prosecution, and was the intimIndeed. it would seem that his affidavit is entitled to no ieee weight than hie solemn declaration on his It is clear that neither of these jurors competent to sit upon the wih of Seeebene hey were gna sate iti ; case wvolving the life or berty’ of a citiser, . a citizen, and ie sgieds ae Oe An stvertisemest : tion, as to openly advocate taking the life of a citizen without the form of law, and deprive him of the chanee of ajary trial, would not béeikely-to stop at any means to secure, sinder’ the forms ofa legal triel.a Tesull which he Kad publicly declared ou,tat fo be accomplished by an open violation of the law. With such arecord, and a reputation that does pot redeem it a particle, we apprehend there are a few thousand people on this pepulous glube whe would besitate slightly about “receiving his evidence under any ciretmstanees. whatever “Murper at Cave City.—A° French for years done business at Cave City in Caleveras county,sdys the Stockton Independent waa early last week murdered by owe ruftians for $1,500 in geld dust which he was carrying to Sun Andreas for exchange. This is the second time within two years that Mr De Fontombert’s lile was attempted by robbers. He-was a mest estimable gentleman, highly educated, polished in. his manners, and a member of a distinguished Freneh family. The murderers had not been taken at the time of our information Was sent anne a Aioweremanieenganehmecue ashop in the.south part ofthe city. Having effected his purchase, he shouldered” the heavy article, weighing some sixty pounds, and taking it to the Market street riitrond track, laid it dawn in the sand to wait. fer the train. he retarned to find that the vice hed taker it toa circle of adiniring spectators. former loeation, where it had not laid more it and had it on his dray. A dispute ensued, and finder No.2 reluetautly put it batk again had it in his milk wagon ma twinkling, and cauld only be persunded by threats—of a policeman to replace it. neress the street to speck to a friend, and 7 returned just in tive to see.atruckman dia . appearing around the corner with the nimble . idplement on his his truck. This time it . took along chase to recover his property, i und the owner immediately chartering an-express wagon started for the Mission without . waiting fur the cars;-and inhis anxiety am 3 on the vies and held it with both the way home, where he at last landed in J safety. Lent.—In the regtilation for Lent, issued by Archbishop Alemany, it is declared that . in all the week days from Ash Wednesday . (to-morrow) tH? Eastern Sunday, but one J meal with «a moderate collation, may be 7 taken. mealexcept on the Wednesdays and Fridays, 9 the Ember days, and the Thursday and J Saturday of Holy Week. Flesh and fish may } not be eaten at the same meal even ou Sun . days. Ee” The Silver Age says that lumber is . very scarce in Nevada Territory, the ruling figures being $75 per thousand. Ee In the vicinity of Petaluma, wherever . we have hews, the farmers are actively ep § } gaged in putting m wheat. From present . indications Sonoma will bring to market next . year a larger amount of this necessary article . than any previous season. “AN ENLIGHTENED BisHup.—The Catho. he bishop of Buffalo deems it questionable ” whethena priest should confess a member of gt newspapers ! of Nevada Territory whileskylarking” with some ladies at # ball, a few tights since, lost . one uf his fingers by having thedoor slaw © med upon it. tte was obliged to have it am. putated. ’ ; q nation of General Shields to a brigadier ger . eralship. about one wile trum Ophir. FREIGRHT.—The San saya: ‘It is anticipated that in a few days it will be necessary to put on more steamer’ or sail vessels, to accommodate the freight which is here awaiting transports tion to th . interior on the Sucramente line of travel.” . IN the orchards of General Vallejo, in Se noma Val'py, grows an apple tree, a Califor nia seedling, which, although only eight year old, yielded last fall the enormous product! two thousand one hundred pounds of applet. large and of superior quality. : “A TRUTH WELL STATED.—In one of tht Sunday Law reports recently made to th! Legislature, the following sentanée occurs: 4 ‘* Whenever a religion, to extend ite infe . ence, solicits the authority of the civil power, 4 creates discontent, jealousy and antipt merchnut—nemed—De—Featambert, whe has — . ~RA man whe lives in the vieinity of the . Mission went to San Franciseo, x few days 4 since, und purchased a ‘black smith’s vice at . 4 Stepping into a store a. moment, & legs ind walked. off to.a blacksmith shop near «3 by, where the finder was proudly exhibiting After . someé difficulty our friend from the interior captured his property and got it. back tecite . than thirty seconds hetore a draymaneriated @ Nexta milkinan drove up, and seeing the prize . The owner then went . hands all Baye Flesh meat is allowed at that. one @ the church wotil the penitent has paid fur his . A GOVERNOR SKYLARKING.—Gov. Nye @ TH*Ten Sepators voted against the nomi ; panes . eens tw The Silver Aye says six cases uf smal Oe pox have appeared ut Judge Watson's mil BS Francieco Herald . 4 Dist pC U pir with th duke R amount ture.th and the iby the. tended full. bu witness Pfer pub pai eas the, pla PSO year in a ate Mr R: uge am hale ob with hi Prepou The . I she wa: St Lou P 1c4Y he : busines: « 1852 sb p that she peated, her; the cand-ereu and Iive ‘te Maat that pla ters to . and. cor her, inj __iaing ail in the fi a Justic took as he sent B feet (th “dn. Court ises ehe and live been the old prae her; tha and that him and She thet fendant property $10,000 The d gations + troduce< get drun On the . admitted lived tog inent cor ly collap days, wi doing as bly be e: place in #0 much lawyers of them &0O Was of the re be grant no child demulish dressing married whether apply fo testimon till Thur followed fense. ( Esq., op five hour closed th three he mitted te deliberat plaintiff. w.l! prob Ly To the other the press the Mary cand as u say he ha tien it. . for a Nex We no Haworth few days