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Chumash Inter-Village Economic Exchange (16 pages)
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Page: of 16
ALackburn, odor. Chumash InterVillage
ot Economic Exchange
288 . a
NATIVE CALIFORNIANS
2S
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“by Chester King
The Chumash Indians occupied areas on the coast of Southern
alibu, on the Santa "California between Point Conception and M
" Barbara Channel Islands, and in the inland valleys adjacent to the
“mainland coast. They maintained a market economy with
standardized, portable mediums of exchange, frequently used to
urchase subsistence materials, most manufactured goods, and
some services. Many economic anthropologists have implied that
0 non-agricultural society like the Chumash, or even non“peasant’’ or non-‘‘modern’’ society can be expected to have such
"an economic system (Nash, 1966; Dalton, 1967).
In this paper ! shall present a hypothesis which explains
_ Chumash intergroup economic behavior. I shall then illustrate the
_ hypothesis with geographic, historic, and ethnographic Chumash
. data. There will follow a description of how the operation of the
' intergroup economic system created archaeologically observed
regularities. How the hypothesized relationships suggested in the
sted, is treated in summary form.
A number of authors have recently explained differences and
4 similarities between the economic behavior of different groups on a
the basis of environmental variation (Suttles, 1968, 1968b;
1968; Vayda, 1967, 1969). There are two
: Yengoyan, 1968; Piddocke,
types of environmental variability, which are here hypothesized to
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result in most or all differences in inter-group economic
_ interaction. One form exists when neighboring groups are adapted
_ toresource bases which have differing seasonal patterns. Exchange
_ of materials between such groups can result in a more stable
subsistence base, and thereby an increase in population, which in
7 3 turn makes it necessary for the groups to maintain interaction. The