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Culture Contact in Protohistoric California (33 pages)
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Page: of 33
and maxisrew Sailed
Mexico.
San Diego,
tives were
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onsequent, the expehe average
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it included
CULTURE CONTACT IN PROTOHISTORIC CALIFORNIA 145
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Length of Visit in Days
Fig. 3. Frequency of recorded encounters between natives and Vizcaino voyagers, and maximum length
of visit in days.
the possibility of more prolonged or multiple
meetings with locals, ranging from three to five
days (on three occasions), seven to eight days
(on three occasions), and one occasion each of
10, 11, and 18 days. However, even during extended layovers, the ships were often moved
within protected harbors and coastal embayments
while crew members combed the countryside for
available wood and potable water.
RESPONSES TO INITIAL ENCOUNTERS
The chroniclers of the voyages described
above recorded very diverse native responses to
their arrivals, including enthusiastic welcomes,
friendly overtures, fear, ambivalence, threatening posturing, and armed confrontation. There
is no clear temporal pattern for these responses—peaceful relations and altercations between natives and foreigners were recorded
throughout the period between 1542 and 1603.
During initial encounters, a common practice for
both sides was to send emissaries ahead of the
main bodies of foreign soldiers and armed native
warriors, usually to ascertain each other’s intentions. As detailed in the Vizcafno expedition
(Bolton 1916:81-85; Wagner 1929:192, 233),
the voyagers commonly dispatched officers and/
or priests with gifts of food and other commodities to greet native representatives and to emphasize their peaceful meanings and actions. The
native groups often sent out one or more spokespersons who performed lengthy orations or com-