August 9, 1949 (8 pages)

Page Two oe sii Nes aetna NEVADA CITY NUGGET attend WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Truman Signs North Atlantic Pact; Brannan Farm Plan Beaten in House: British Clamor for A-Bomb Secrets ‘CEDITOR’S NOTE: When opinions are expressed in these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union’s news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Doylestown, Pa., isters the: oath. . ENVOY TO COSTA RICA SWORN IN . Joseph Flack (left) of places his left hand upon the Bible as he takes oath of office and is sworn in as new ambassador to Costa Rica from the United States. He succeeds Nathaniel P. Davis. The wife of the new envoy is looking on as Stanley Woodward, chief of protocol officer at the state department in Washington, D. C., adminBRANNAN PLAN: Loses Trial The house approved a measure ‘continuing the farm price-support program in its present form. The bill was slated to go to the senate. The house vote was 383-25. The retention of the 90 per cent of parity supports killed the Aiken law, passed by the Republicancontrolled 80th congress and which was scheduled to go into effect Jan. 1, The administration gained a partial victory in eliminating the Aiken law but saw defeat in being denied a test run of the controversial Brannan agricultural plan. Under the Brannan plan, perishable crops would be allowed to sell at what the market would pay; then the government would pay the farmers the difference between the support level and the average ‘price the farmers got. The Pace bill, which embodied provisions for a trial run on three farm products of the Brannan plan, lost out, 222-152. ' A substitute for the ‘Pace bill, the Gore measure, suspending the ‘Aiken law. and continuing’ the present farm: program, won by a final vote 383-25, ' One of the’ surprises of the session was the very few votes cast to keep the Aiken law alive. Corridors of the house office building where the meeting was held were filled with lobbyists for various farm organizations. Police had the area roped off. , Democratic Leadér McCormack ‘(Mass.) argued that opponents of the Pace bill were obligated to offer some kind of alternative. “I’m concerned about the consumer,” he said. ‘‘When he reads about millions of bushels of potatoes being burned under the present farm program, he wants to know what’s wrong.’’ WARNING: Pact Okayed Russia received a warning that any further aggression in Europe will be considered an attack upon the United States. The warning came in the form of an 82-13 ratification of the Atlantic pact by the senate. It was the first time in American history that a peacetime pledge had ‘been made that the United States will take action (military action, if necessary) if certain other nations are attacked. UNDER the north Atlantic treaty this nation and 11 other nations pledge that an attack upon one will c. considered an attack upon all. The pact also pledges that the 12 members of the treaty shall prepare for mutual defense before the eed for military action actually anal _ A small minority waged bitter opposition to the pact during the 18 days of senate debate upon it. Three Republicans, Wherry of Nebraska, Taft of Ohio and Watkins of Utah, tried to write a reservation into the treaty, specifying that ratification did not impose upon the United States the moral or legal. obligation to supply arms to ‘the other 11 signers. ‘ The heavy vote for ratification and the impressive vote against arms reservations were victories for the senate bipartisan foreign ‘policy. Only two Democrats voted lagainst ratification—Johnson of ‘ CRAZY FISH Searchers after the unique can find the ‘‘screwiest’’ fish acquarium in the world at the University of Toledo, Ohio. As a by-product of research into means of boosting the stock of fish in the nation’s lakes and rivers, J. Brinley, physiologist, has developed the following: _Thirty-three-eyed brown trout. Trout with extra transplanted hearts outside their bodies which continue to pulsate after the fish have died. Trout babies which, in the interest of determining the effect of oxygen on the heart action of fish, live in oxygen ‘‘tents.’’ ATOM DATA: England’s Needs Reports say the administration has investigated the ‘possibilities of sharing atom-bomb secrets with Britain by executive agreement without action by congress. Some law-makers have sought to tie the President’s hands. The idea has been discussed: but no decision has been reached to carry it through. It is considered a matter of the senate-house atomic committee,. the state department, the armed services and the atomic energy commission. A secret meeting at Blair House was thought to have been called by Truman to discuss the matter. The United Kingdom and Canada co-operatéd in atomic development during the war and are believed to know all about the wartime bomb. The atomic energy law of 1946 has forbidden further exchange of information. Some sources say Great Britain can produce an atom bomb of its own if it decides to concentrate on the problem. Britain may have threatened the United States with loss of uranium ore from British-owned Belgian Congo mines if the U.S. refuses to yield atomic secrets. Britishers have been resentful that their observers were not allowed at the Eniwetok bomb test. Roosevelt established the precedent of presidential co-operation with Britain in things atomic without congressional authorization. HOUSING: Modest Home A modest home may be built for $5,900, federal rent director Tighe Woods has proven. He was trying to solve the military’s housing difficulties. The over-all size of the house is 15 by 38 feet. The price includes sewer and water systems, Chairman Vinson (D., Ga.) of the house armed services committee said he was going to examine Woods’ home near Fort Belvoir, Va. The committee has studied a military construction bill authorizing the armed services to spend more than 449 million to house 7,795 military families. THE BILL would limit homes in the United States to $16,500 cost each with no limit on those built abroad. Colorado and Taylor of Idaho, Henry Wallace’s running mate in 1948. President Truman then asked congress for a billion, 450 million dollars to finance an arms-aid program for western Europe after signing the pact. ‘OUTPOST IN JEOPARDY Reds Covet Singapore, British Stronghold ' British power has been challenged again in Singapore. From the walls, pictures of Chiang Kaishek are being torn down and pictures of Mao Tse-tung, Communist, are being tacked furtively. British rule was flaunted once before. Last summer the Chinese. Communist high command ordered the Chinese Reds in Singapore to switch from agitation to direct action. The British acted swiftly in the face of rioting and shooting, seizing Communist leaders and hang-ing some of them. Communist power was broken in the city. : Singapore is really two cities mixed together—a Chinese city and a British city. STOP LOOKING! LISTEN . As part of the capital’s current traf. fic safety campaign, three lovely entrants in the “Miss Washington” beauty contest parade in downtown Washington carrying a streamer with an appropriate traffic warning. The girls are, left to right, Jacqueline Chambers, Mt. Ranier, Md., and Galen Lindsey. and Cornelia Coffman, both of Washington, D.C. Jacqueline is wearing a red (stop) bathing suit; Galen is wearing an amber (caution) suit; and Cornelia is wearing a gre ey . en (go) suit, ev i c4N UNWELCOME RESCUE . Patrolmen haul an unidentified man aboard a navy launch at 44th Street and North river, New York, after rescuing him from the river. The man, fully clothed, jumped into the river and was swimming away from the dock when policemen arrived. They shed their clothes and dived in after him. He fought them off, but was overpowered. Still struggling, he was taken aboard the launch. JUICY . Just put Elaine Lang (left) and Sue Thornwall on opposite sea Sn sides of a bowl of frozen orange juice and it’s only a matter of minutes before its ready to drink, The girls are prepared to demonstrate with the frozen beverage before delegates to the institute of food technologists in meeting in San Francisco, world fame, is taken home. A] HERO RETURNS HOME . . Roger Young, American infantryman hero of World War II, immortalized in great ballad that has achieved His flag-draped remains pass through Chicago enroute to his Ohio home town where he was placed in his final resting place. Ed Kiersztian of 5012 Escort Co., Here, Master Sgt. Arthur L. Sloan (left) and Sgt.’ t. Sheridan, Ill., place a flag over CAUSES “FLUTTER” . . Walter Urwiller, who can “flutter” his own heart, is awaiting trial in Denver for defrauding government hospitals. He is accused of using his ability for 30 years to gain admittance to hospitals. RARE CASE . . . The six-monthsold daughter of Bernard Kaplan, . . former football ace, awaits operation at Boston hospital to remove freak encirclement of her windPipe by the great aorta artery. She is’in constant danger of suffocation. “BAD BOY” TO BADMAN. Audie Murphy, star of movie “Bad Boy’? and World War IIl’s most decorated hero, will portray for the movies the role of Billy the Kid, western cowboy and badman, Billy, known as the “kid from Texas,’? was born .in N. Y¥,. VACATION’S END . . Henry Ford II and his wife arrive in New York aboard the Queen Elizabeth after short vacation trip. Ford faces a demand byCIO United Automobile Workers for a fourth-round pay boost. WAR CRIMES SUSPECT . . ° Otto Abetz, former German am. bassador to France, faces war crimes charge of Placing farge groups of French people in con centration camps during the war, t of Pvt, Roger Young at the Chicago quartermaster depot, . Here, he appears in court, COSTCO OTT COSCO CCC CCC VCS Summer Catastrophes Summer is not a time when the American public likes to worry about world problems. Nor is summer a time when a newspaper columnist particularly likes to write about them. For reasons unknown, however, fate has seen to it that some of the world’s worst catastrophes were catapulted upon us at a time when our primary concern was baseball, beaches, and bathing beauties. saw fit to assassinate Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand, thus precipitating World War I. It was the summer of 1938 that Hitler started his campaign to swallow Czechoslovakia. It was the following summer of 1939 that began World War II. And, perhaps even more significant, it was the sum. mer of 1931 that began the European economic crisis that put Hitler into power. There are certain similarities between that financial crisis of 1931 and the present British financial crisis. And, despite baseball and hot weather, it will pay us to watc them. ‘ Between 1921 and 1931, the United States had poured several billion dollars into European reconstruction in the same general way we have poured. money into Europe since V-E day. The money, of course, was advanced by private bankers, not the government; but since the bankers sold their bonds to the unsuspecting public, actually it was paid by the American people .in the end. Furthermore, much of our money went to Germany, which’ actually used it to pay reparations to France and England. So, in real fact, we were the main support of our allies, just as we are today through the Marshall plan. Eventually, and all too slowly, even the bankers, after repeated warnings from the government, woke up to the fact that their long-term loans to central Europe were a poor risk. And in the spring of 1931, falling prices in the U.S.A., plus the continued crashing of the famed market, dried up the flow of funds across the Atlantic. Immediately the banks in Austria and Germany began to tremble. It was the British in 1931—ag in 1949—who first called upon the U.S.A. for aid. Their money, perhaps even more than ours, was invested in central’ Europe; so they asked for a moratorium ‘on all reparations by Germany to them and all war-debt payments by them to us. Then as now, the secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon, crossed the Atlantic for conferences. Then as now, the British urged that the United States save the day. We did—for the time being. President Hoover declared a moratorium on all debt and reparations payments—-for two years. This, however, was only temporary. The economic crisis‘ drifted —drifted and deepened. With depression comes political unrest. And one year later a fuehrer had raised his head in Germany. A few months after’ that, he had stepped into power, All disarmament stopped, The league of nations began to disintegrate. It was now only a matter of time before war was inevitable. There are a lot of differences between the first cracks in the world’s economy in 1931 and the first cracks to show in 1949. But the main object lesson to be remembered is: Depression breeds unrest, and enough unrest breeds war. Today England—and_ western Europe is in just about the’ same boat—faces the following alterna. tives: 1. Do nothing and go broke. United States and become a poor Pensioner, 8. Improve plants and production. This has not been done to any great extent. with Marshall plan money, despite outmoded factories which make most European goods cost more than ours, 4. Negotiate tight, two-way barter deals, such as the British-Argentine trade pact; though these usually boomerang. in the end. 5. Trade with Russia and the iron curtain countries. The latter alternative, is the one which has recently tempted the British to the tune of a 1,000,000-ton wheat deal. It also contains dangerous potentialities for undermining the chief political objective of the Marshall plan—blocking Communism, For it is doubtful whether any member of congress would have voted a nickel into the Marshall plan kitty without the Promise that it would check the westward march of Russian Communism, : British trade with Russia would strain western relations, It was July, 1914, that the Serbs 2. Beg for more aid from the: = /~

Page Two oe sii Nes aetna NEVADA CITY NUGGET attend WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Truman Signs North Atlantic Pact; Brannan Farm Plan Beaten in House: British Clamor for A-Bomb Secrets ‘CEDITOR’S NOTE: When opinions are expressed in these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union’s news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Doylestown, Pa., isters the: oath. . ENVOY TO COSTA RICA SWORN IN .. Joseph Flack (left) of places his left hand upon the Bible as he takes oath of office and is sworn in as new ambassador to Costa Rica from the United States. He succeeds Nathaniel P. Davis. The wife of the new envoy is looking on as Stanley Woodward, chief of protocol officer at the state department in Washington, D. C., adminBRANNAN PLAN: Loses Trial The house approved a measure ‘continuing the farm price-support program in its present form. The bill was slated to go to the senate. The house vote was 383-25. The retention of the 90 per cent of parity supports killed the Aiken law, passed by the Republicancontrolled 80th congress and which was scheduled to go into effect Jan. 1, The administration gained a partial victory in eliminating the Aiken law but saw defeat in being denied a test run of the controversial Brannan agricultural plan. Under the Brannan plan, perishable crops would be allowed to sell at what the market would pay; then the government would pay the farmers the difference between the support level and the average ‘price the farmers got. The Pace bill, which embodied provisions for a trial run on three farm products of the Brannan plan, lost out, 222-152. ' A substitute for the ‘Pace bill, the Gore measure, suspending the ‘Aiken law. and continuing’ the present farm: program, won by a final vote 383-25, ' One of the’ surprises of the session was the very few votes cast to keep the Aiken law alive. Corridors of the house office building where the meeting was held were filled with lobbyists for various farm organizations. Police had the area roped off. , Democratic Leadér McCormack ‘(Mass.) argued that opponents of the Pace bill were obligated to offer some kind of alternative. “I’m concerned about the consumer,” he said. ‘‘When he reads about millions of bushels of potatoes being burned under the present farm program, he wants to know what’s wrong.’’ WARNING: Pact Okayed Russia received a warning that any further aggression in Europe will be considered an attack upon the United States. The warning came in the form of an 82-13 ratification of the Atlantic pact by the senate. It was the first time in American history that a peacetime pledge had ‘been made that the United States will take action (military action, if necessary) if certain other nations are attacked. UNDER the north Atlantic treaty this nation and 11 other nations pledge that an attack upon one will c. considered an attack upon all. The pact also pledges that the 12 members of the treaty shall prepare for mutual defense before the eed for military action actually anal _ A small minority waged bitter opposition to the pact during the 18 days of senate debate upon it. Three Republicans, Wherry of Nebraska, Taft of Ohio and Watkins of Utah, tried to write a reservation into the treaty, specifying that ratification did not impose upon the United States the moral or legal. obligation to supply arms to ‘the other 11 signers. ‘ The heavy vote for ratification and the impressive vote against arms reservations were victories for the senate bipartisan foreign ‘policy. Only two Democrats voted lagainst ratification—Johnson of ‘ CRAZY FISH Searchers after the unique can find the ‘‘screwiest’’ fish acquarium in the world at the University of Toledo, Ohio. As a by-product of research into means of boosting the stock of fish in the nation’s lakes and rivers, J. Brinley, physiologist, has developed the following: _Thirty-three-eyed brown trout. Trout with extra transplanted hearts outside their bodies which continue to pulsate after the fish have died. Trout babies which, in the interest of determining the effect of oxygen on the heart action of fish, live in oxygen ‘‘tents.’’ ATOM DATA: England’s Needs Reports say the administration has investigated the ‘possibilities of sharing atom-bomb secrets with Britain by executive agreement without action by congress. Some law-makers have sought to tie the President’s hands. The idea has been discussed: but no decision has been reached to carry it through. It is considered a matter of the senate-house atomic committee,. the state department, the armed services and the atomic energy commission. A secret meeting at Blair House was thought to have been called by Truman to discuss the matter. The United Kingdom and Canada co-operatéd in atomic development during the war and are believed to know all about the wartime bomb. The atomic energy law of 1946 has forbidden further exchange of information. Some sources say Great Britain can produce an atom bomb of its own if it decides to concentrate on the problem. Britain may have threatened the United States with loss of uranium ore from British-owned Belgian Congo mines if the U.S. refuses to yield atomic secrets. Britishers have been resentful that their observers were not allowed at the Eniwetok bomb test. Roosevelt established the precedent of presidential co-operation with Britain in things atomic without congressional authorization. HOUSING: Modest Home A modest home may be built for $5,900, federal rent director Tighe Woods has proven. He was trying to solve the military’s housing difficulties. The over-all size of the house is 15 by 38 feet. The price includes sewer and water systems, Chairman Vinson (D., Ga.) of the house armed services committee said he was going to examine Woods’ home near Fort Belvoir, Va. The committee has studied a military construction bill authorizing the armed services to spend more than 449 million to house 7,795 military families. THE BILL would limit homes in the United States to $16,500 cost each with no limit on those built abroad. Colorado and Taylor of Idaho, Henry Wallace’s running mate in 1948. President Truman then asked congress for a billion, 450 million dollars to finance an arms-aid program for western Europe after signing the pact. ‘OUTPOST IN JEOPARDY Reds Covet Singapore, British Stronghold ' British power has been challenged again in Singapore. From the walls, pictures of Chiang Kaishek are being torn down and pictures of Mao Tse-tung, Communist, are being tacked furtively. British rule was flaunted once before. Last summer the Chinese. Communist high command ordered the Chinese Reds in Singapore to switch from agitation to direct action. The British acted swiftly in the face of rioting and shooting, seizing Communist leaders and hang-ing some of them. Communist power was broken in the city. :

Singapore is really two cities mixed together—a Chinese city and a British city. STOP LOOKING! LISTEN .. As part of the capital’s current traf. fic safety campaign, three lovely entrants in the “Miss Washington” beauty contest parade in downtown Washington carrying a streamer with an appropriate traffic warning. The girls are, left to right, Jacqueline Chambers, Mt. Ranier, Md., and Galen Lindsey. and Cornelia Coffman, both of Washington, D.C. Jacqueline is wearing a red (stop) bathing suit; Galen is wearing an amber (caution) suit; and Cornelia is wearing a gre ey . en (go) suit, ev i c4N UNWELCOME RESCUE .. Patrolmen haul an unidentified man aboard a navy launch at 44th Street and North river, New York, after rescuing him from the river. The man, fully clothed, jumped into the river and was swimming away from the dock when policemen arrived. They shed their clothes and dived in after him. He fought them off, but was overpowered. Still struggling, he was taken aboard the launch. JUICY .. Just put Elaine Lang (left) and Sue Thornwall on opposite sea Sn sides of a bowl of frozen orange juice and it’s only a matter of minutes before its ready to drink, The girls are prepared to demonstrate with the frozen beverage before delegates to the institute of food technologists in meeting in San Francisco, world fame, is taken home. A] HERO RETURNS HOME . . Roger Young, American infantryman hero of World War II, immortalized in great ballad that has achieved His flag-draped remains pass through Chicago enroute to his Ohio home town where he was placed in his final resting place. Ed Kiersztian of 5012 Escort Co., Here, Master Sgt. Arthur L. Sloan (left) and Sgt.’ t. Sheridan, Ill., place a flag over CAUSES “FLUTTER” . . Walter Urwiller, who can “flutter” his own heart, is awaiting trial in Denver for defrauding government hospitals. He is accused of using his ability for 30 years to gain admittance to hospitals. RARE CASE . . . The six-monthsold daughter of Bernard Kaplan, . . former football ace, awaits operation at Boston hospital to remove freak encirclement of her windPipe by the great aorta artery. She is’in constant danger of suffocation. “BAD BOY” TO BADMAN.. Audie Murphy, star of movie “Bad Boy’? and World War IIl’s most decorated hero, will portray for the movies the role of Billy the Kid, western cowboy and badman, Billy, known as the “kid from Texas,’? was born .in N. Y¥,. VACATION’S END . . Henry Ford II and his wife arrive in New York aboard the Queen Elizabeth after short vacation trip. Ford faces a demand byCIO United Automobile Workers for a fourth-round pay boost. WAR CRIMES SUSPECT . . ° Otto Abetz, former German am. bassador to France, faces war crimes charge of Placing farge groups of French people in con centration camps during the war, t of Pvt, Roger Young at the Chicago quartermaster depot, . Here, he appears in court, COSTCO OTT COSCO CCC CCC VCS Summer Catastrophes Summer is not a time when the American public likes to worry about world problems. Nor is summer a time when a newspaper columnist particularly likes to write about them. For reasons unknown, however, fate has seen to it that some of the world’s worst catastrophes were catapulted upon us at a time when our primary concern was baseball, beaches, and bathing beauties. saw fit to assassinate Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand, thus precipitating World War I. It was the summer of 1938 that Hitler started his campaign to swallow Czechoslovakia. It was the following summer of 1939 that began World War II. And, perhaps even more significant, it was the sum. mer of 1931 that began the European economic crisis that put Hitler into power. There are certain similarities between that financial crisis of 1931 and the present British financial crisis. And, despite baseball and hot weather, it will pay us to watc them. ‘ Between 1921 and 1931, the United States had poured several billion dollars into European reconstruction in the same general way we have poured. money into Europe since V-E day. The money, of course, was advanced by private bankers, not the government; but since the bankers sold their bonds to the unsuspecting public, actually it was paid by the American people .in the end. Furthermore, much of our money went to Germany, which’ actually used it to pay reparations to France and England. So, in real fact, we were the main support of our allies, just as we are today through the Marshall plan. Eventually, and all too slowly, even the bankers, after repeated warnings from the government, woke up to the fact that their long-term loans to central Europe were a poor risk. And in the spring of 1931, falling prices in the U.S.A., plus the continued crashing of the famed market, dried up the flow of funds across the Atlantic. Immediately the banks in Austria and Germany began to tremble. It was the British in 1931—ag in 1949—who first called upon the U.S.A. for aid. Their money, perhaps even more than ours, was invested in central’ Europe; so they asked for a moratorium ‘on all reparations by Germany to them and all war-debt payments by them to us. Then as now, the secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon, crossed the Atlantic for conferences. Then as now, the British urged that the United States save the day. We did—for the time being. President Hoover declared a moratorium on all debt and reparations payments—-for two years. This, however, was only temporary. The economic crisis‘ drifted —drifted and deepened. With depression comes political unrest. And one year later a fuehrer had raised his head in Germany. A few months after’ that, he had stepped into power, All disarmament stopped, The league of nations began to disintegrate. It was now only a matter of time before war was inevitable. There are a lot of differences between the first cracks in the world’s economy in 1931 and the first cracks to show in 1949. But the main object lesson to be remembered is: Depression breeds unrest, and enough unrest breeds war. Today England—and_ western Europe is in just about the’ same boat—faces the following alterna. tives: 1. Do nothing and go broke. United States and become a poor Pensioner, 8. Improve plants and production. This has not been done to any great extent. with Marshall plan money, despite outmoded factories which make most European goods cost more than ours, 4. Negotiate tight, two-way barter deals, such as the British-Argentine trade pact; though these usually boomerang. in the end. 5. Trade with Russia and the iron curtain countries. The latter alternative, is the one which has recently tempted the British to the tune of a 1,000,000-ton wheat deal. It also contains dangerous potentialities for undermining the chief political objective of the Marshall plan—blocking Communism, For it is doubtful whether any member of congress would have voted a nickel into the Marshall plan kitty without the Promise that it would check the westward march of Russian Communism, : British trade with Russia would strain western relations, It was July, 1914, that the Serbs 2. Beg for more aid from the: = /~