November 18, 1949 (6 pages)

0 ~ 2—The Nevada City Nugget, Friday, November 18, 1949 . 305 Broad Street, Nevada City—Telephone 36 A legal newspaper, as defined by statute ROBERT H. and DONALD W. WRAY. Publishers KENNETH W. WRAY, Editor and Advertising Manager Member California Newspaper Publishers Association Published every Friday at Nevada City, California, and emtered as as matter of the second.class in the postoffice at Nevada City under Act of Congress, March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES * e year outside county (in advance) $3.00 ye year in county (in advance) 2.50 Four months (in advance) 1.00 One month (in advance) .. “ .30 "THE COST OF SANITATION } ee “The cost of proper sanitation cannot be measured in dollars and cents. Rather the health of ourselves, our children and the public health should be the measure of . the needeor lack of need of a sanitary district. Morgan Stewart, state health engineer, did not say the recent. Nevada county polio epidemic was ‘caused by “contaminated water. But he did say that the waters of Wolf creek are contaminated. And he did say that the polio virus has been. isolated from contaminated: water. We.all agree that our communities do not enjoy pure drinking water. _ MEL ,. If,a proper. sanitation program will decrease disease in Nevada county, will prevent another polio epidemic, will lengthen the life:span of our district's residents, will incréase the economic status through’ less days absence from work by sickness—then a sanitation program is cheap whatever it might cost. ) * Eos THE DYING INTEREST IN GOVERNMENT _It is a sad commentary of our day, when government is becoming moré’ and more a part of our'life, we are shying away from the RESPONSIBILITIES of representative government. wee . We listen to orators on Armistice and Memorial days ” yevere our American political saint and his profession of ‘government of the people, by the people and for the pedple,”” and leave the meeting place with the words forgotten—all the time knowing we are losing ‘'government by the people.” “We are allowing ourselves and knowingly so, to be ruled by -government of interested pressures, government by professional lobbyism and government for the perpetuation of political dynasties. We take little interest in our county and city governments—unless we want something. We care little for the actions and functions.of our smaller political bodies— such as school and district boards. —__ ‘Politics,"’ we say, ‘is for politicians. earning livings, playing our games, concentrating on our‘selves. Government bureaus won't listen to us, so why should we stir up anything?’’ Why, indeed. We are living under the threat of government bankruptcy with a public debit impossible of amortization. We are living in a state that has seen a gimmicking promoter aspire to the governor's mansion and threaten to rule the state by preying upon the emotions of aging parents and grandparents. We are living in a state where demogoguery and lobbyism can control the legislature and tell true representation of the people to go to hell. _~ Weare living in a state full of county governments so stupidly floundering that none of us cares to admit he is a part of it. 4 caer We ourselves are to blame for the state of ‘our state and nation. We are responsible for the condition. We voted a paternal welfare state administration into the federal government because we haven't the courage ‘and spirit and will to work to build our own individual welfare futures. aoe. We vote in supervisors who piddle our road funds away in political patronage, who ‘operate our counties with foggy inefficiency and prolonged procrastination, who administer our counties with prejudice, bias and discrimination. And then we sit back and admire our handiwork, and condone our political incompetents by returning them to their maladminstrated offices. _ We can’t forgive or excuse ourselves by blaming our duly elected officers for their blunders. We put them there—we have the-power to remove them or not return them to continue their bungling. This nation was founded on the principle of representative government. We see our government being taken from us and placed into the hands of paternalistic, socialistic and despotic bureaucrats.» AND. THESE ARE NOT OUTSIDE FORCES at work changing our government. Our form of government is changing in Washington, in Sacramento and in the county seats because we aren't interested in government. ae If the man that-represents—in the board of supervisors, in-the state legislature, in the halls of congress—isn't doing a proper job, it is because we aren't doing a proper job. If he is inept, corrupt, stupid—then we are inept, corrupt and stupid for keeping him there. e The smallest package in the world is the fellow that is all wrapped up in himself. i *Dhicrvation out East Broad street: Small children often confirm the statement that man is made of dust. We're too busy OUR THANKS €1VING TURKEY j YH tf 0, yp fy, ge Wy, ; —— Ae hc . te res K sre Le eR io s8 sy tpeet 12 Red Know-H 50 Years Behind U.S. Industries By JAMES C. CROCKETT, Col:, U. S. A., Ret. Copyright 1949, by The Nugget Soviet economy is strong in natural resources and in the volume of war material it produces but compared with the United States or Great Britain it is clumsy and backward in its technical processes. : Insofar as human rights.‘and happiness play a part in economy, the Soviet state is very weak. The manager of a Russian enterprise must be a combined politician, judge and technical expert. These top men would not have their jobs if they did not belong to the Communist party. The little bosses must have strong Communist party supporters who can protect them from criticism. Reports of the MVD secret police officer station at every plant and industrial enterprise, frequently cause the replacement, if not worse punishment of the bosses—high and low. The manager of a large rubber tire plant complained bitterly because “once a week an ice cream vendor came to the factory gate and rang a dinner bell. At this, the whole tire assembly line would quit. work and dash out for ice cream. By the time the workers got back, 40 tires in process would be ruined and had to be scrapped, The manager could not stop this work interruption because the ice cream vendor had the support of a big party man. It is, however, the workers in Russia, not the managers who have most troubles. : _Ii knew two families who worked in factories near Moscow and lived in apartments owned by the factories. . One family of four occupied a one-room apartment, size ,about 30x25 feet, sharing a kitchen, bath and_hall with three other families. For this they paid 56 rubles ($6.72) per month. The man’s pay was $60 per month, his wife’s $48. After paying for food and rent there was less than $10 left over for all other purposes. The second family earned a little more and had two rooms, each about 25x30 feet. The cost of this apartment is 84 rubles ($10.08) per month. After paying for rent and foods the father of .this.family had sufficient money to buy a suit of clothes and underwear every two-years, a pair of shoes, a shirt and several pairs of socks each year, an overcoat and a pair of gollashes about every five years. He also could supply his wife and children with clothing on the same scale but luxuries-of any kind were out of the question. The worker can do nothing about his pay, for the state fixes. all wage scales. Factory and office workers, according to the Soviet constitution, work six days a-week and eight. hours daily. They are entitled to paid holidays, but many workers told me there was constant pressure by the bosses and by the trade union to increase production. Wages are based on a norm and extra. pay above norms. As efficiency rises, the state raises the norms but does not change the rate for extra pay above norms. For example in 1947, norms in several industries were increased as much as 20 and 25 percent. The workers privately griped, yet could do nothing about it, because the laborers cannot strike and there is no collective bargaining. The trade unions, to which all workers must. contribute monthly dues, are in reality organizations. to speed up production, maintain discipline and furnish controls for: laborers, A laborer cannot get a job without a “propusk” issued by the police—a paper which shows previous places of employment, reasons and authorizations for quitting and other personal data. A working man cannot quit his job without the proper permission. Neither can he be absent nor late without proper excuse. The plant manager in. many industries and. mines, acting as a judge, can try laborers and sentence them to forced labor in the MVD prison camps. The term of punishment depends on what disciplinary labor code is broken. Where we use machinery, Russia often uses hand labor. For example few stores have a cash register. The amount due for purchases are figured on a wooden square which has wire strung with wooden balls across it. These crude machines are manipulated to add, subtract and multiply. ° ’ There are few labor saving devices such as electric irons, dishwashers, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, escalators, lawn mowers, corn shellers, taxicabs, belt conveyors, ditching machines, soap flakes, ete. : In the winter, the Moscow streets are kept as free of snow as the streets of northern cities in the United States. But no modern snow removal machinery is sued. Laborers, mostly women, shovel the snow into small wooden boxes which they carry to the street curb or’ a vacant lot and dump. Later it is sometimes shoveled into a truck and hauled away-y’ Many Russian manufacturing, mining and agricultural processes are old fashioned. For example on the collective farm where I lived for a few months, the wheat was threshed in a very inefficient way. The ends were first cut off the sheaves of wheat. The heads were then put into a small shelling machine which chopped them sufficiently to loosen the grain. The grain and chaff poured out of the machine onto a large tarpaulin on the ground. Then on the first windy day, women laborers with shovels would toss the wheat and chaff high into the air, and as the wind blew the chaff away, the wheat would fall on another tarpaulin. From this it would be, shoveled into bags.’ Despite the: great amount of hand labor used, Russia is not so backward is know-how as many people think. She produces masses of excellent tanks, self propelled artillery, trucks, tractors, airplanes, rockets, small arms and other military ,equipment. . She has also been able to produce the atom bomb, . rata Peay Col. James C. Crockett. the Moscow-Volga canal and locks, the Khinki port and the White Sea-Baltic canal, Russia also builds tools, engines and machinery of all kihds. . : : : In doing these things, Russia has received much technical help ¢ * I boteairt {least 50 years behind those of the United States She has constructed great works like the Dnéeper dam and _ locks,. Just Wonderin’ Just Wonder I Wonder when we offer thanks For blessings that make glad our days, And lift our eyes to heaven above, In earnest gratitude and praise, If earnest reservations haunt our minds, And thoughts steal in that make us sad,There are so many, many things For'which we are not glad. Thanksgiving Day is at our, doors and once again, as in years now gone, we recount our blessings and lift our hearts in gratitude for the gifts with which the days have favored us. : oe We are indeed thanksful for our homes, our dear ones, our beautiful America, our flag and the free air of heaven upon which it floats. We boast of our advantages, our schools, ouf, churches, our laws and the constitution which guaraitees to us the way of life to which we were born. We find no difficulty in expressing our gratitude for these gifts, so many of which are denied to those of other lands, but there are some things which have come to us and to our land for which we would not dare to offer thanks. _ We cannot, for instance, offer thanks for our increasing stocks‘of atomic bombs, for our bigger and better bombing planes, for greater and more effective secret weapons of death and destruction. : ( We feel no true sense of joy or satisfaction when we gaged in perfecting poison gases and other mysterious death dealing methods of warfare and adding to the efficiency with which our armies may in the future go forth to slaughter our fellow humans and fill the world with unthinkable terrors. For these things we do not give thanks/upon the day set aside for the purpose of recounting our blessings and our gifts of grace and beauty, Poor old world, it has suffered much at the hands of its curious creature, man; but if the time has come when thig same curious créature can no‘longer give thanks for his powers to kill and devastate, perhaps the soul of the world is being in a measure projected on its way. expression to the common touch; the grace and dignity with which they walk among their fellow men. This ability to preserve the common touch must be an attribute of greatness at least it is demonstrated very frequently by those whom we call great. A well known Negro educator was walking down a street of New York on a hot summer day. He was carrying two suitcases, heavily packed with books and manuscfipts. A young man stepped up beside him and smilingly offered to carry part of the heavy burden. The Negro was reluctant to accept the service, but one of the heavy suitcases had already been taken from his hand and so the two men walked along side by side talking like men and brothers. “And, that,” said Booker T. Washington, whenever in after days he related the incident, “was the first time I ever met Teddy Roosevelt.” Just the common touch which makes all men kin; indeed it is a grace for which we all might pray. To be able to walk softly among the hearts of men, to acknowledge the sovereignty of every living soul, to evaluate a man for what‘he is and not by his race or creed or color, to look not up to the great, nor down upon the lowly— yes, we can safely pray for such a gift as this. So—let us pray. ADELINE MERRIAM CONNER from foreigners. I have talked with factory managers, mine bosses and agriculturists who have worked and studied’ in the United States. Marshal Federenko of the Soviet tank forces once told me that several of his tank experts had worked in Detroit motor plants; but he also claimed the Russian tanks were better than those of the United States. The present head of the Russian trade unions, Kuznetrov, told me he received his technical education in an American university. These. are only a few of the Russians who have gotten their know-how in the United States. Not so long ago Russia employed thousands of foreign engineers and technicians, and imported great quantities of foreign machinery and tools. But today she has a large corps of trained engineers and technicians; she has brought thousands of German technical experts to Russia as prisoners; and she no longer is dependent on foreigners for additional technical aid. _ Soviet economy really is that of the Clausewitzian total state. It is geared to the war-making powers of the state and is organized primarily for war-making purposes. One of the ideas of the total state—often discussed in theory at the German.war college, ‘but never put into practical application by the 'German—was the discreate autonomous military areas within the state. These areas were to be economically and militarily strong enough. to fight independently of each other. This theory has become of particular significance in the light of the atom bomb and the increased destructive power of modern air and rocket warfare. Although the job is far from being completed, Russia has gone a long way in the organization of autonomous military areas. The Moscow area has its industrial center in the regions of Moscow, Tula, Rybinsk and supports central European Russia, including the Baltic states and Belarussia. Its strategic objectives are in the direction of northern Europe and the Baltic sea. The Donbass area has its industrial center in the region of the Donetz river, Krwoi Rog, Zaporozhe and supports southern Russia including Ukrainia and the Caucausus. Its strategic objectives are in th direction of South Europe and western Iran . The Magnitogorsk area has its industrial denter in the region of Magnitogorsk, Sverdlovsk, Ufa, Karaganda,’and supports western Kazakhstan, Turkestan, and Uzbek. Its strategic objectives are in pe hepa ione of eastern Iran and India. e Kuzbas area has its industrial center in the regi 4 et edt te Mites te Orsk and eeotie Gaiee ek zakhstan and Kirgiz. Its strategic objecti i i i of Sinklang had central Chase lc objectives are in the direction e Angora area has its industrial center in the regi f Irkutsk Kansk, Cheremkhov, and the Tungau valley and near shite the Somes rg veroen 2 beve used its atomic explosives, supports e Far East. Ss strategic objective i i ion inks Pee g J S are in the direction of Man The Pechora area, least developed of any, has its plar i . ) » 1€ , nned industrial center in the region of Kotlas-Vorkuta and will support west: pe are ang dag gd hereby bd “6 Murmansk areas. Its strategic ectives are in the direction of the S i i i Barents ye candinavian peninsula and _ Russian economy has been successful in strengthening the fighting capabilities of the Soviet armed forces and has cecinad wasaas of material. Its production methods have been effective but not efficient. It has used its people as slaves and its processes are at Colonel ‘Crockett will conclude his series of articles o orm ia , ; n R hext week with an article dealing with the abject slavery of the Russian people. These articles will be published in pocket-book form and will be available at 25 cents. R cas will is able to chia One tonitins Dene ee } lreflect that the minds of our cleverest scientists are enJow. 1 Wonder at the aptitude with which some people give tribution of food and industrial production in such a way as to; 4 4 , ". ow ee a a] 4 ” : * » 4 Ji} * ; hy» be

0 ~ 2—The Nevada City Nugget, Friday, November 18, 1949 . 305 Broad Street, Nevada City—Telephone 36 A legal newspaper, as defined by statute ROBERT H. and DONALD W. WRAY. Publishers KENNETH W. WRAY, Editor and Advertising Manager Member California Newspaper Publishers Association Published every Friday at Nevada City, California, and emtered as as matter of the second.class in the postoffice at Nevada City under Act of Congress, March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES * e year outside county (in advance) $3.00 ye year in county (in advance) 2.50 Four months (in advance) 1.00 One month (in advance) .... “ .30 "THE COST OF SANITATION } ee “The cost of proper sanitation cannot be measured in dollars and cents. Rather the health of ourselves, our children and the public health should be the measure of . the needeor lack of need of a sanitary district. Morgan Stewart, state health engineer, did not say the recent. Nevada county polio epidemic was ‘caused by “contaminated water. But he did say that the waters of Wolf creek are contaminated. And he did say that the polio virus has been. isolated from contaminated: water. We.all agree that our communities do not enjoy pure drinking water. _ MEL ,. If,a proper. sanitation program will decrease disease in Nevada county, will prevent another polio epidemic, will lengthen the life:span of our district's residents, will incréase the economic status through’ less days absence from work by sickness—then a sanitation program is cheap whatever it might cost. ) * Eos THE DYING INTEREST IN GOVERNMENT _It is a sad commentary of our day, when government is becoming moré’ and more a part of our'life, we are shying away from the RESPONSIBILITIES of representative government. wee . We listen to orators on Armistice and Memorial days ” yevere our American political saint and his profession of ‘government of the people, by the people and for the pedple,”” and leave the meeting place with the words forgotten—all the time knowing we are losing ‘'government by the people.” “We are allowing ourselves and knowingly so, to be ruled by -government of interested pressures, government by professional lobbyism and government for the perpetuation of political dynasties. We take little interest in our county and city governments—unless we want something. We care little for the actions and functions.of our smaller political bodies— such as school and district boards. —__ ‘Politics,"’ we say, ‘is for politicians. earning livings, playing our games, concentrating on our‘selves. Government bureaus won't listen to us, so why should we stir up anything?’’ Why, indeed. We are living under the threat of government bankruptcy with a public debit impossible of amortization. We are living in a state that has seen a gimmicking promoter aspire to the governor's mansion and threaten to rule the state by preying upon the emotions of aging parents and grandparents. We are living in a state where demogoguery and lobbyism can control the legislature and tell true representation of the people to go to hell. _~ Weare living in a state full of county governments so stupidly floundering that none of us cares to admit he is a part of it. 4 caer We ourselves are to blame for the state of ‘our state and nation. We are responsible for the condition. We voted a paternal welfare state administration into the federal government because we haven't the courage ‘and spirit and will to work to build our own individual welfare futures. aoe. We vote in supervisors who piddle our road funds away in political patronage, who ‘operate our counties with foggy inefficiency and prolonged procrastination, who administer our counties with prejudice, bias and discrimination. And then we sit back and admire our handiwork, and condone our political incompetents by returning them to their maladminstrated offices. _ We can’t forgive or excuse ourselves by blaming our duly elected officers for their blunders. We put them there—we have the-power to remove them or not return them to continue their bungling. This nation was founded on the principle of representative government. We see our government being taken from us and placed into the hands of paternalistic, socialistic and despotic bureaucrats.» AND. THESE ARE NOT OUTSIDE FORCES at work changing our government. Our form of government is changing in Washington, in Sacramento and in the county seats because we aren't interested in government. ae If the man that-represents—in the board of supervisors, in-the state legislature, in the halls of congress—isn't doing a proper job, it is because we aren't doing a proper job. If he is inept, corrupt, stupid—then we are inept, corrupt and stupid for keeping him there. e The smallest package in the world is the fellow that is all wrapped up in himself. i *Dhicrvation out East Broad street: Small children often confirm the statement that man is made of dust. We're too busy OUR THANKS €1VING TURKEY j YH tf 0, yp fy, ge Wy, ; —— Ae hc . te res K sre Le eR io s8 sy tpeet 12 Red Know-H 50 Years Behind U.S. Industries By JAMES C. CROCKETT, Col:, U. S. A., Ret. Copyright 1949, by The Nugget Soviet economy is strong in natural resources and in the volume of war material it produces but compared with the United States or Great Britain it is clumsy and backward in its technical processes. : Insofar as human rights.‘and happiness play a part in economy, the Soviet state is very weak. The manager of a Russian enterprise must be a combined politician, judge and technical expert. These top men would not have their jobs if they did not belong to the Communist party. The little bosses must have strong Communist party supporters who can protect them from criticism. Reports of the MVD secret police officer station at every plant and industrial enterprise, frequently cause the replacement, if not worse punishment of the bosses—high and low. The manager of a large rubber tire plant complained bitterly because “once a week an ice cream vendor came to the factory gate and rang a dinner bell. At this, the whole tire assembly line would quit. work and dash out for ice cream. By the time the workers got back, 40 tires in process would be ruined and had to be scrapped, The manager could not stop this work interruption because the ice cream vendor had the support of a big party man. It is, however, the workers in Russia, not the managers who have most troubles. : _Ii knew two families who worked in factories near Moscow and lived in apartments owned by the factories. . One family of four occupied a one-room apartment, size ,about 30x25 feet, sharing a kitchen, bath and_hall with three other families. For this they paid 56 rubles ($6.72) per month. The man’s pay was $60 per month, his wife’s $48. After paying for food and rent there was less than $10 left over for all other purposes. The second family earned a little more and had two rooms, each about 25x30 feet. The cost of this apartment is 84 rubles ($10.08) per month. After paying for rent and foods the father of .this.family had sufficient money to buy a suit of clothes and underwear every two-years, a pair of shoes, a shirt and several pairs of socks each year, an overcoat and a pair of gollashes about every five years. He also could supply his wife and children with clothing on the same scale but luxuries-of any kind were out of the question. The worker can do nothing about his pay, for the state fixes. all wage scales. Factory and office workers, according to the Soviet constitution, work six days a-week and eight. hours daily. They are entitled to paid holidays, but many workers told me there was constant pressure by the bosses and by the trade union to increase production. Wages are based on a norm and extra. pay above norms. As efficiency rises, the state raises the norms but does not change the rate for extra pay above norms. For example in 1947, norms in several industries were increased as much as 20 and 25 percent. The workers privately griped, yet could do nothing about it, because the laborers cannot strike and there is no collective bargaining. The trade unions, to which all workers must. contribute monthly dues, are in reality organizations. to speed up production, maintain discipline and furnish controls for: laborers, A laborer cannot get a job without a “propusk” issued by the police—a paper which shows previous places of employment, reasons and authorizations for quitting and other personal data. A working man cannot quit his job without the proper permission. Neither can he be absent nor late without proper excuse. The plant manager in. many industries and. mines, acting as a

judge, can try laborers and sentence them to forced labor in the MVD prison camps. The term of punishment depends on what disciplinary labor code is broken. Where we use machinery, Russia often uses hand labor. For example few stores have a cash register. The amount due for purchases are figured on a wooden square which has wire strung with wooden balls across it. These crude machines are manipulated to add, subtract and multiply. ° ’ There are few labor saving devices such as electric irons, dishwashers, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, escalators, lawn mowers, corn shellers, taxicabs, belt conveyors, ditching machines, soap flakes, ete. : In the winter, the Moscow streets are kept as free of snow as the streets of northern cities in the United States. But no modern snow removal machinery is sued. Laborers, mostly women, shovel the snow into small wooden boxes which they carry to the street curb or’ a vacant lot and dump. Later it is sometimes shoveled into a truck and hauled away-y’ Many Russian manufacturing, mining and agricultural processes are old fashioned. For example on the collective farm where I lived for a few months, the wheat was threshed in a very inefficient way. The ends were first cut off the sheaves of wheat. The heads were then put into a small shelling machine which chopped them sufficiently to loosen the grain. The grain and chaff poured out of the machine onto a large tarpaulin on the ground. Then on the first windy day, women laborers with shovels would toss the wheat and chaff high into the air, and as the wind blew the chaff away, the wheat would fall on another tarpaulin. From this it would be, shoveled into bags.’ Despite the: great amount of hand labor used, Russia is not so backward is know-how as many people think. She produces masses of excellent tanks, self propelled artillery, trucks, tractors, airplanes, rockets, small arms and other military ,equipment. . She has also been able to produce the atom bomb, . rata Peay Col. James C. Crockett. the Moscow-Volga canal and locks, the Khinki port and the White Sea-Baltic canal, Russia also builds tools, engines and machinery of all kihds. . : : : In doing these things, Russia has received much technical help ¢ * I boteairt {least 50 years behind those of the United States She has constructed great works like the Dnéeper dam and _ locks,. Just Wonderin’ Just Wonder I Wonder when we offer thanks For blessings that make glad our days, And lift our eyes to heaven above, In earnest gratitude and praise, If earnest reservations haunt our minds, And thoughts steal in that make us sad,There are so many, many things For'which we are not glad. Thanksgiving Day is at our, doors and once again, as in years now gone, we recount our blessings and lift our hearts in gratitude for the gifts with which the days have favored us. : oe We are indeed thanksful for our homes, our dear ones, our beautiful America, our flag and the free air of heaven upon which it floats. We boast of our advantages, our schools, ouf, churches, our laws and the constitution which guaraitees to us the way of life to which we were born. We find no difficulty in expressing our gratitude for these gifts, so many of which are denied to those of other lands, but there are some things which have come to us and to our land for which we would not dare to offer thanks. _ We cannot, for instance, offer thanks for our increasing stocks‘of atomic bombs, for our bigger and better bombing planes, for greater and more effective secret weapons of death and destruction. : ( We feel no true sense of joy or satisfaction when we gaged in perfecting poison gases and other mysterious death dealing methods of warfare and adding to the efficiency with which our armies may in the future go forth to slaughter our fellow humans and fill the world with unthinkable terrors. For these things we do not give thanks/upon the day set aside for the purpose of recounting our blessings and our gifts of grace and beauty, Poor old world, it has suffered much at the hands of its curious creature, man; but if the time has come when thig same curious créature can no‘longer give thanks for his powers to kill and devastate, perhaps the soul of the world is being in a measure projected on its way. expression to the common touch; the grace and dignity with which they walk among their fellow men. This ability to preserve the common touch must be an attribute of greatness at least it is demonstrated very frequently by those whom we call great. A well known Negro educator was walking down a street of New York on a hot summer day. He was carrying two suitcases, heavily packed with books and manuscfipts. A young man stepped up beside him and smilingly offered to carry part of the heavy burden. The Negro was reluctant to accept the service, but one of the heavy suitcases had already been taken from his hand and so the two men walked along side by side talking like men and brothers. “And, that,” said Booker T. Washington, whenever in after days he related the incident, “was the first time I ever met Teddy Roosevelt.” Just the common touch which makes all men kin; indeed it is a grace for which we all might pray. To be able to walk softly among the hearts of men, to acknowledge the sovereignty of every living soul, to evaluate a man for what‘he is and not by his race or creed or color, to look not up to the great, nor down upon the lowly— yes, we can safely pray for such a gift as this. So—let us pray. ADELINE MERRIAM CONNER from foreigners. I have talked with factory managers, mine bosses and agriculturists who have worked and studied’ in the United States. Marshal Federenko of the Soviet tank forces once told me that several of his tank experts had worked in Detroit motor plants; but he also claimed the Russian tanks were better than those of the United States. The present head of the Russian trade unions, Kuznetrov, told me he received his technical education in an American university. These. are only a few of the Russians who have gotten their know-how in the United States. Not so long ago Russia employed thousands of foreign engineers and technicians, and imported great quantities of foreign machinery and tools. But today she has a large corps of trained engineers and technicians; she has brought thousands of German technical experts to Russia as prisoners; and she no longer is dependent on foreigners for additional technical aid. _ Soviet economy really is that of the Clausewitzian total state. It is geared to the war-making powers of the state and is organized primarily for war-making purposes. One of the ideas of the total state—often discussed in theory at the German.war college, ‘but never put into practical application by the 'German—was the discreate autonomous military areas within the state. These areas were to be economically and militarily strong enough. to fight independently of each other. This theory has become of particular significance in the light of the atom bomb and the increased destructive power of modern air and rocket warfare. Although the job is far from being completed, Russia has gone a long way in the organization of autonomous military areas. The Moscow area has its industrial center in the regions of Moscow, Tula, Rybinsk and supports central European Russia, including the Baltic states and Belarussia. Its strategic objectives are in the direction of northern Europe and the Baltic sea. The Donbass area has its industrial center in the region of the Donetz river, Krwoi Rog, Zaporozhe and supports southern Russia including Ukrainia and the Caucausus. Its strategic objectives are in th direction of South Europe and western Iran . The Magnitogorsk area has its industrial denter in the region of Magnitogorsk, Sverdlovsk, Ufa, Karaganda,’and supports western Kazakhstan, Turkestan, and Uzbek. Its strategic objectives are in pe hepa ione of eastern Iran and India. e Kuzbas area has its industrial center in the regi 4 et edt te Mites te Orsk and eeotie Gaiee ek zakhstan and Kirgiz. Its strategic objecti i i i of Sinklang had central Chase lc objectives are in the direction e Angora area has its industrial center in the regi f Irkutsk Kansk, Cheremkhov, and the Tungau valley and near shite the Somes rg veroen 2 beve used its atomic explosives, supports e Far East. Ss strategic objective i i ion inks Pee g J S are in the direction of Man The Pechora area, least developed of any, has its plar i . ) » 1€ , nned industrial center in the region of Kotlas-Vorkuta and will support west: pe are ang dag gd hereby bd “6 Murmansk areas. Its strategic ectives are in the direction of the S i i i Barents ye candinavian peninsula and _ Russian economy has been successful in strengthening the fighting capabilities of the Soviet armed forces and has cecinad wasaas of material. Its production methods have been effective but not efficient. It has used its people as slaves and its processes are at Colonel ‘Crockett will conclude his series of articles o orm ia , ; n R hext week with an article dealing with the abject slavery of the Russian people. These articles will be published in pocket-book form and will be available at 25 cents. R cas will is able to chia One tonitins Dene ee } lreflect that the minds of our cleverest scientists are enJow. 1 Wonder at the aptitude with which some people give tribution of food and industrial production in such a way as to; 4 4 , ". ow ee a a] 4 ” : * » 4 Ji} * ; hy» be