April 5, 1935 (8 pages)

a = aN t i . Thinking ! oa (By H. M. L.) Mrs. Belle Douglass calls attention . in a recent article to the seventyfifth anniversary Of he Pony Express and the faust tei it played in Argonaut days. We suspect that at the time the Express riders did, their stint of 100 miles a day. in all kinds ot weather, with all kinds of red and white enemies lying in wait for-them, they never imagined that future gen-. erations would, hallow their activities . and treasure their accoutrements in . museums. It may be assumed that} their world wore much _ the . workaday colors as our own. secuting attorney of Livingston . = years, and for all that time have . sold a day from the beds of the ‘Gounty, Michican. ia Wwite® foi! Vat there must wave beonmo. . hever for long been out of he -aring . creeks and rivers by hard labor, furlows: ments of supreme satisfaction in the. )Of the roar of the stamp mill. The *. ther proof that lack of capital means’ — mere living in such stirring times. Senos 2 sie ey \lowerwages. There are now more As you no doubt have heard The horn that heralded the coming . )" ch a “ol some thei ree potential mines i he di nie rhict by now, the Frechette case was the Express rider “who bore in his ee deposits its product in the bank, . ~ ae obs saad oo Secon, successfully brought to a close pouches the news of Lincoln’s elecspebacte “ao Mids it to. some one . W0aTG contribute millions of dollars on the 28th of March. He was tion, of the firing on Fort Sumner, else. [ have found that, by consider. toward re-employment if capital. sentenced to life at hard labor at and of the tremendous battles of the . 28 the problems of economics and . could be secured to develop them, Jackson’ prison. Civil War, was perhaps the nearest. S°’°¢'"ment from the point of view ibut/there are few people who: have . Our success in this case was approach in importance on this eartn. °! ‘2e Sold miner, they can be read-. due in no small part to the fact to the heavenly horn of St. Gabriel. A fair picture of the wild enthusiasm and excitement which greeted these intrepid riders is contained in ‘‘The Saga of the Comstock Lode’’ by Lyman. He makes the very hoof beats of the racing pony sound along the dusty road, fills the steép streets of Virginia City with that wild mob of “Secesh’”’ and “‘Yank’’ sympathizers. and,makes us hear the contending imprecations that greeted the hews the horseman brings, While we now reflect upon the daring and resourcefulness of these dispatch riders, armed to the. teeth, grimly intent on their daily goal, thirsty on the blazing desert, freez. ing in the snow storm, overriding . all obstacles, wrath of God or treachery of man, and throw about him the, cloak with which we clothe all heroes of the past, let us not forget those spotted, calico, pinto, and eagle feathered ponies that bore him. “The eagle feather’ in case you don’t remember, was a dark featured marking that appeared on the rump of certain strains of the early mustangs. The marking has a long history, coming down through the} ages from the Arabs, to the Moors, to . the Spanish cavaliers, and finally to' Mexico and thence to the’ American southwest and California. The legend has it that among the Arabs, one tribe was specially favored’ by providence in its horses. An eagle floating high in the heavens shed some of its feathers and these feathers floating down fell upon a certain great . sire of Arab horses and dowered his’ progeny extraordinary speed. And! ever after the horses of this breeding bore the ensignia of the eagles. After all, it was the Pony Express. The horses were given their. fair! share of honor in the name Let no man underrate the part these . p é These wages may be! noble little coursers played in all the . ™4n each day. oa. : history of California. The spirited, . !¢8s than those being paid elsewhere, !™Machine, so there was. no competinlucky horses that carried on, targei tor arrows and musket balls, suffering the heat, the cold and the stony ing withers and: steaming saddle} blanket, tossing bravely the foam . from their bits, smelling out the . enemy for their masters, living and} Out Loud . fia . ; same . gaged in Nevada City Nugget . = Nevada City dosti is a Member of the United Press And California Newspaper Publishers Association: Your Hometown Newspaper helps. build your Readers arid i 6a community, . advertisers make good builder. . Vol. Ix, No. 44. _The County Seat Paper NE VADA CITY, oe i The GOLD Center FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 1935. Gold Miner’s View of Economics, Government (By ARTHUR B.“FOOTE) As an engineer I have beengold mining for over thirty ily analyzed and reduced to basic principles, because the? problem is reduced to its simplest terms. Let us consider the case of an actual mine in California, supporting a good sized town located in the mountains. All complicating factors be left out, so this will not be a really true story. The mine was discovered in 1850, and has been’ worked by various owners more or less continusuoly ever since, The town owes its existence and support to the mines. Many miners own their own homes, there are good stores anda places of amusement, and there are no “company stores’’ nor do the miners have boarding houses. MACHINES RAISE WAGES In the early days of hand drilling, the wages were low and the hours long, and the production of gold comparatively small. Later, by the investment of capital in machinery, wages were raised, hours shortened, more men were employed and more gold produced, thus making the town larger and more prosperous, in other words, ing of the community. The same improvement in living conditions took place throughout the nation for the same reasons, and, for the purpose ‘of tracing out certain fundamental llaws of economics and. government which must be followed if we are to wilt continue to be prosperous, I am first . going to use the mine operations to prove certain axioms at the basis of these laws. The’ first axiom is wages depend upon production per, worker. WAGES DEPEND ON PRODUCTION It is obvious that a miner cannot . be paid more money than he takes . betition; ‘out of the ground. Suppose a ton of . \Teceive somewhat higher wages and . ment. =Che= la raising the standard of liv-, depression, many people have won bare existence by washing out . about forty cents worth of surface “money for investment, and those that have prefer to buy government bonds. . The new Federel Securities Act has . added to the difficulty of securing ‘capital. THERE MUST BE PROFIT In the Yoregoing, the matter of profit has been left out. If there was no profit, it would be impossible to obtain capital—-no one would invest his money unless there .was promise of getting it back with interest. In atypical mine there is rich ore and poor, much more of the latter than of the former. If only rich ore is taken, a large profit can be made for a short time, but part of this will have to be spent in drivsome more. The ackual rocedure is to take as: much low grade ore as possible and still make a reaonable profit. Thus the life of the mine is prolonged, and the greatest total amount of gold is produced. It follows from this that the lower the ‘costs, the more gold will be added to ithe wealth of the nation. The use of gold mining is not essential to prove these points, it ix only simpler and more striking. Let us take for example, a shoemaker, who, working by hand can produce one pair of shoes a day. obviously sell those shoes for enough to pay his living expenses for one day, plis the cost of the materials FOR FRECHETTE, HARD LABOR; FOR ing drifts through solid rock to find ' He must . SHERIFF, THANKS The been received by following letter of thanks has Sheriff. Carl °Tobiassen from Stanley Berriman, prothat you got Frechette to make a statement voluntarily after he had been fully rested from wild ride across the country. Mr. Tappan, one of our sistants Attorney General, joins me in extending .to you’ our thanks for kind coopera_ tion. his asyour If you are ever in Michigan, you may have carte blanche as far as the attorney general's office is-coneerned; and as far as my office is concerned. I hope that I may sometime in the future meet you again. Please extend my thanks also to your men who so ably assisted you and especially to the man whopried open the trunk and made the capture of this man possible, Very gratefully yours, STANLEY BERRIMAN. (Signed) -/MR. AND MRS. R. CARTER __. WED 53 YEARS AGO CELEBRATED TUES. Mr. and Mrs. Randolph Carter of upper Nevada street celebrated their . 54th wedding anniversary on Tues-. day, March 26th. During the day {used. Now suppose the shoemaker jinstalls a machine which enables him . to make 10 pairs of shoes each day. . He could then get ten times as much . ‘as before for his labor less the cost . of power and the interest on his investment, provided there is no comwith competition, he will \family members and friends called . for a short visit and to extend well. . wishes. It was on March 26, 1882 that) Mr. Carter and Miss Black were uni. ted in marriage in Lake City a thriv-) ing little city north of Nevada City, . and which is now a small settleFrom there they moved to ‘ore containing $8.00 in gold can be, the shoes will be sold at a lower . North Bloomfield where they resided plies amount to itself. . total cost ($3.20) there is $4.80 left jard of living is . with which to pay the wages of one so we canno: get men to work for them. It will be an economic loss to, the community and country if the voad, galloping on and on with wring; Mine closes down, as each man em. ployed is putting $8.00 of new money into circulation every day he works. What can be done? By the investment of capital, we valiant servants—how much has this. ¢#" buy some machines that will inyounger generation lost in not know-. ing and loving horses! ~ WHITTIER GLEE CLUB VISITS HIGH SCHOOL The Men’s Glee Club of Whittier College, of Whittidr, near Los Anseles, visited Nevada City high school Wednesday afternoon. The boys gave an excellent program of music and humor. Eighteen strong, they had a large repertoire of songs and jokes. The boys arrived in a large red bus, and were modestly attired, to a man, in bright yellow sweaters, and purplish plaid pants. Some of the songs they sang foljow: “Stenka Fazin’’, by Malcolm McMillan; ‘“‘Amapola,’”’ by Joseph NM. Lacalle; “Giannina Mia,’’ by FrimlRiefifier; “Son of the Sun,” by Rudolph Friml; ‘‘March of the Musketeers,”’ by Rudolph Friml; ‘Rosita,’’ by Paul Dupont;. ‘Sylvia,’ by Oley Speaks; Their group included ‘the chorus, a quartet, a monologist, and a solo piano player. . The antics of Joe Gaudio, the master of ceremonies, evoked a great deal of laughter from the assembled students, faculty and visitors. The program was enjoyed by all who listened, and the spokesman’s proposal that the Glee Club be an annual visitor to Nevada City, was received with approval. per higher wages with enough left over . {to pay interest on the capital. taxes were reduced, sible to raise wages. If they were increase the production to 1%. tons man. This will allow us to pay THE TAX FACTORS A large item of the 40 percent expense is in the form of taxes. If it would be poscreased too much it might be necessary to close down the mine and the town would be ruined. Our second axiom is, therefore, that a_ higher cost of government is equivalent to lower wages and a lower standard of living, and as a corollary to this, the more men employed by government the fewer can be employed by private industry, and government has the power to tax an industry out af existence. Our third axiom——The Investment of Capital increases production per worker and therefore raises the standard of living, has been fairly well proved already. Without capital invested in power, machinery and exploration, there would be no mines in the district. Without the help of machinery, the production per worker from the deep mines would be not over twenty five cents a day, and the town. would have ceased to exist back in 1870, after all the surface gold had been mined. out. The deep mines have’ produced more than one hundred million dollars in gold, which has supported this community for sighiy pas Dering the nese of the}, {spend such a large proportion raised. EFFECT OF 30-HOUR WE If the shoemakcr invented the ition, he would make a large profit luntil he had enough capital to build ia factory and employ more labor. Now apply these axioms to the (Continued On Page Six) CHAMBER OFFERS GOOD OFFICES TO LITIGANTS The Nevada City Ch Chamber of Commerce has called a special meeting for discussion of litigation that is pending in regard to hydraulic mining. The meeting has ‘been called for the evening of Thursday, April 11, at 10 o’elock at the Nevada City Chamber of Commerce rooms. Notices have been sent to all persons connected with the litigation. It is hoped an amicable settlement can be made, through the good offices of the chamber. ; Owing to this special meeting of the eleventh, the regular meeting of the Chamber of Commerce which was to have been held the ninth has been postponed until the evening of Friday, April 13. This will also be an important meeting and President Cassidy urges that all members attend, WEDDING ANNIVERSARY Mr. and Mrs. Alfréd Heether returned Wednesday evening from a business trip to San Francisco! They left the same day for their camp at the Grant, and Heether sawmill near Camptonville. While, in San. Francisco Mr. and Mrs, Heether celebratof . . BK . active taking a keen i that goes on about them. . taken out for each man employed, . Price, thus people will not have to/. for13 years before coming to Ne'If explosives, power, taxes and sup40 percent of the . their wages on shoes, and the stand-!ever since. vada City, Mr. and Mrs. Carter are spry, and interest in all Both are ot a jolly, happy disposition and are ever ready to joke and enjoy ae bit of fun. They were the recipient of many} lovely gifts, flowers and cards in honor of the occasion. Three sons, George, Will and Clarjoyed the day with them. ODEGAARD FAMILY TO Oscar T. Odegaard, the new manager of the Nevada County Lumber company, will bring his family, confour children, to Nevada City as soon as the school term ends in Marysville in June. Mr. Odegaard expects to build a home here. His oldest son,, Oscar, is a violinist. He will enter the senior class in the high school. He is very fond of music and at present is a member of the Marysville high school orchestra, the Junior College orchestra and the Tri-County Symphony orhcestra. Mr. Odegaard is also a musician, playing a clarinet in the symphony orchestra. James, the second son, will enter the sophomore class here, and Margaret and Jeanne, the two daughters, will enter the grafmmar school. Mrs. Odegaard has been much interested in the Women’s Art Club of Marysville of which she is member and has been numbered among the leaders in civic and community progress in Marysville. All members of thé family are looking eagerly forward vada City. Mrs. Otto E. Schiffner left Sunday for San Francisco to be the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Milton E. Schiffner where they have lived, ence, and wives of the latter two en-] ARRIVE HERE IN JUNE! sisting of Mrs. Odegaard and their! Nevada City flomaiae? Loans Total $20, 000 The cured by the information and results serecent housing survey FLIGHT OF AIRPLANES TO ARRIVE AT N. C. AIRPORT APRIL 17 in Nevada township have been classified, recapitulated and tabulated ey Zroups as follows: Number 649. im proveof homes visited, Individuals who desire The Nevada City Council -hela--ments--or—expressed intention of Tre. their regular monthly meeting last) Pairs, 69. 3 ? = s é id rty le 2eds ; rove z . night with all members present. it Property that needs improvement ne : . but. whose owners or tenants show was announced that the flight of } 3 é no interest in loan, 66. jairplanes from San Francisco to the . Individuals. who would not give . Nevada City Airport, would take information or who could not be in. place on the 17th of April. First, terviewed, 41. [however the Airport must be scariImprovements already completed, . fied and rolled before any of, the started of Delng arranger 107 bee. started or being arranged for, 148. made by the Bank of America on terms to the Housing Loan Plan, $20,000, which is the full quota jexpected, weather permitting. allotted the Federal Govern. Judge George L. Jones appeared . ment to Nevada City. However, the i before the council, representing lo. Bank expects that before the buildseason is over the amount wil ‘eal business people, to advocate the} increase at least to $30,000. jing . raising of the quarterly business lic. : jense for outside bread and meat. While we have reached our quota,: ‘trucks, from $15 to some larger sum he results show a_ relatively low . which would protect the local deal‘rate of residents who will avail them;ers in these commodities. He pointed . selves of the loan. There are many lout that the local men paid taxes lwho do not require it and others who ‘and contributed more to the, support . cannot qualify by reason of inadeof the city than these outside part-! quate income. ies, who contributed nothing except; The survey being made during the the license demanded of them by the Christmas season. interfered somecity. The council took the proposed: what with the result. Merchants ordinance under advisement. A pro could not be approached during their posal to license “marble games” was rysh period and housewives did not . also proposed and taken under concare to give time at such a season 'Sideration. for study of the subject. . Fire Chief E. J. N. Ott also apThe report has been turned over ‘peared before the council to request to the general committee who will . visiting planes can land, and a wind Loans A large . planes are . jindicator must be erected. . delegation of visiting Bay ;as by ithe purchase by the city of a neW ¢ojiow up requests for information ; tire truck chassis for No. 2 Com-'4, estimates. : pany. Mr, Ott said the No. 2 fire . Financially: Payments made by ‘truck was in very bad shape and a gpRa for enumerators $254.00. liability to the community and: that I was paid by the committee $66‘a thousand dollars would be enough . ’ 93. ifor the purchase of a new chassis. Supplies paid for by committe : ‘The council stated that at the earl-' $18.07. (Signed) BELLE R. DOUGLASS. Supervisor of Survey. MERRY MAKING, liest convenient moment the money i would be set aside fer that purpose. W. Brown’s appointment as the. inight watchman, was approved by ithe council. The following statement of finances Was pr — —— GIVING TO MARK Water Jenarnawe: $1730.75; Ir‘rigation, $60.50; Insurance refund, A $12.80; Business licenses, $138.00; DONATION DAY Delinquent taxes, $29.83; Court fines , : and penalties, $561.00; Personal Dik acs solik on chavs ts iam pescperey es son sleh eee Donation Day on April 12, a day of jee, anon Bagelipnscun, ANT 0, fun and frolic, as well as a day of shana eens enrichment to the Nevada City Benevolent Society coffers. Howard Penrose is to be grand marshal of the affair and states that the Elks’ Club iis planning to get out their old gonB. F. Wright, $85.00; H. S. Hallet, $62.50; Geo. H. Calanan, $20.00; . Mrs. E. ‘M. Foley, $12.50; Miles D. Be: M.:R ry . \Coushltn, $12.50. Dr, a Mtosenie ‘dola and enter it in the parade. The Pee s, 65.00; Gar; i . $2 ae: ge Ab ae ws 2 seas . high school band will play, while the Geta sahisis Mi Riga ed Moncey ee ; [students will have their Old Clothes . Day on the 12th to add to the gaiety LABOR f the parade. Merchants will coné .00; Charles . ° aoe erpetee pon Hun $43. tribute cash as in the past, while e phate, 995-005 : : " civie-minded citizens will also give é 00; Fred Eilerman, $12.00; Clarence $4.00. . ,wood, groceries and money. Gram/mar school students will also take ‘part in the program of the day. No Donation Day was held here ‘last year because of a surplus in the Society’s treasury. However, since that time the following expenditures have been made: Groceries, $254.30; wood, $52.69; clothing, $20.02; Martz, $20.00; H. L. Hurst, Wellman $1.00. Bills Passed for Payment, April 4. 19235-——P. G. -& B.Co:,: $221.57; P, G. & E. Co., $4.71; Plaza Garage, ; $7.60; Nevada Co. Lbr. Co., $4.62; iB. F. Wright, .75; Nevada City Garage $26.59; Sam Trevethick, $110.00; Sam Trevethick, $5.00; Standard t $188.33; Miners Co., $$10.10; Irvine Foundry, Foundry, $11.71; Pacific Tel. & Tel. Co., $5.55; Alpha Stores Ltd., $82.52; Nevada City Nugget, $6.40; A. Carlisle & Co., $3.73; A. Carlisle & . ES Cc. Oil Co., $4.33; Ed Christensen, $12.50; H. E. Bolton, $2.76; Union Lithograph Co., $8.38; Miners Foundry, Seaman, $3.34; $181.58; Miners Corp., $188.shoes, $30.86; board and lodging for transients, $7.49; drugs, $5.05; eye glasses, $15.00( refund of this item by the State is hoped for); incidentals, $75.81; donation toward wheel — chair, $5.00. Total, $566.31. Due to these expenditures the So. ciety feels that it is now time to replenish the treasury to. carry on its. good work for. the coming year. The cheerful, willing service and work of to their arrival and new life in Ne. 84: Chamber of Commerce, $15.00; J. E. Lewis, $25.20; Reita D. Curnow, $16.50; W. H. Landrigan, $5.75. FIRE FUND Pacific Tel. and Tel. P. G. & &. Co., $5.17. Mrs. George Calanan, the leader of the Benevolent Society, is much appreciated by all those who have been Co., $2.50; . @88eciated with her in this work. THREE ENTER WYOMING TRIBE -In their meeting last evening Wyoming Tribe of Red Men made plans to initiate three canasdidetM j to initiate three candidates, one local and two from out of town. A dinner . was served at the close of the evenhogs ; E . and Walter fraameaets ental a most {benutitel Arive over the phoma tian , Chief of Police tice Garftetd Wednesday found a 1931 Ford ster, registered to J. E. Dol,

a = aN t i . Thinking ! oa (By H. M. L.) Mrs. Belle Douglass calls attention . in a recent article to the seventyfifth anniversary Of he Pony Express and the faust tei it played in Argonaut days. We suspect that at the time the Express riders did, their stint of 100 miles a day. in all kinds ot weather, with all kinds of red and white enemies lying in wait for-them, they never imagined that future gen-. erations would, hallow their activities . and treasure their accoutrements in . museums. It may be assumed that} their world wore much _ the . workaday colors as our own. secuting attorney of Livingston . = years, and for all that time have . sold a day from the beds of the ‘Gounty, Michican. ia Wwite® foi! Vat there must wave beonmo. . hever for long been out of he -aring . creeks and rivers by hard labor, furlows: ments of supreme satisfaction in the. )Of the roar of the stamp mill. The *. ther proof that lack of capital means’ — mere living in such stirring times. Senos 2 sie ey \lowerwages. There are now more As you no doubt have heard The horn that heralded the coming . )" ch a “ol some thei ree potential mines i he di nie rhict by now, the Frechette case was the Express rider “who bore in his ee deposits its product in the bank, . ~ ae obs saad oo Secon, successfully brought to a close pouches the news of Lincoln’s elecspebacte “ao Mids it to. some one . W0aTG contribute millions of dollars on the 28th of March. He was tion, of the firing on Fort Sumner, else. [ have found that, by consider. toward re-employment if capital. sentenced to life at hard labor at and of the tremendous battles of the . 28 the problems of economics and . could be secured to develop them, Jackson’ prison. Civil War, was perhaps the nearest. S°’°¢'"ment from the point of view ibut/there are few people who: have . Our success in this case was approach in importance on this eartn. °! ‘2e Sold miner, they can be read-. due in no small part to the fact to the heavenly horn of St. Gabriel. A fair picture of the wild enthusiasm and excitement which greeted these intrepid riders is contained in ‘‘The Saga of the Comstock Lode’’ by Lyman. He makes the very hoof beats of the racing pony sound along the dusty road, fills the steép streets of Virginia City with that wild mob of “Secesh’”’ and “‘Yank’’ sympathizers. and,makes us hear the contending imprecations that greeted the hews the horseman brings, While we now reflect upon the daring and resourcefulness of these dispatch riders, armed to the. teeth, grimly intent on their daily goal, thirsty on the blazing desert, freez. ing in the snow storm, overriding . all obstacles, wrath of God or treachery of man, and throw about him the, cloak with which we clothe all heroes of the past, let us not forget those spotted, calico, pinto, and eagle feathered ponies that bore him. “The eagle feather’ in case you don’t remember, was a dark featured marking that appeared on the rump of certain strains of the early mustangs. The marking has a long history, coming down through the} ages from the Arabs, to the Moors, to . the Spanish cavaliers, and finally to' Mexico and thence to the’ American southwest and California. The legend has it that among the Arabs, one tribe was specially favored’ by providence in its horses. An eagle floating high in the heavens shed some of its feathers and these feathers floating down fell upon a certain great . sire of Arab horses and dowered his’ progeny extraordinary speed. And! ever after the horses of this breeding bore the ensignia of the eagles. After all, it was the Pony Express. The horses were given their. fair! share of honor in the name Let no man underrate the part these . p é These wages may be! noble little coursers played in all the . ™4n each day. oa. : history of California. The spirited, . !¢8s than those being paid elsewhere, !™Machine, so there was. no competinlucky horses that carried on, targei tor arrows and musket balls, suffering the heat, the cold and the stony ing withers and: steaming saddle} blanket, tossing bravely the foam . from their bits, smelling out the . enemy for their masters, living and} Out Loud . fia . ; same . gaged in Nevada City Nugget . = Nevada City dosti is a Member of the United Press And California Newspaper Publishers Association: Your Hometown Newspaper helps. build your Readers arid i 6a community, . advertisers make good builder. . Vol. Ix, No. 44. _The County Seat Paper NE VADA CITY, oe i The GOLD Center FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 1935. Gold Miner’s View of Economics, Government (By ARTHUR B.“FOOTE) As an engineer I have beengold mining for over thirty ily analyzed and reduced to basic principles, because the? problem is reduced to its simplest terms. Let us consider the case of an actual mine in California, supporting a good sized town located in the mountains. All complicating factors be left out, so this will not be a really true story. The mine was discovered in 1850, and has been’ worked by various owners more or less continusuoly ever since, The town owes its existence and support to the mines. Many miners own their own homes, there are good stores anda places of amusement, and there are no “company stores’’ nor do the miners have boarding houses. MACHINES RAISE WAGES In the early days of hand drilling, the wages were low and the hours long, and the production of gold comparatively small. Later, by the investment of capital in machinery, wages were raised, hours shortened, more men were employed and more gold produced, thus making the town larger and more prosperous, in other words, ing of the community. The same improvement in living conditions took place throughout the nation for the same reasons, and, for the purpose ‘of tracing out certain fundamental llaws of economics and. government which must be followed if we are to wilt continue to be prosperous, I am first . going to use the mine operations to prove certain axioms at the basis of these laws. The’ first axiom is wages depend upon production per, worker. WAGES DEPEND ON PRODUCTION It is obvious that a miner cannot . be paid more money than he takes . betition; ‘out of the ground. Suppose a ton of . \Teceive somewhat higher wages and . ment. =Che= la raising the standard of liv-, depression, many people have won bare existence by washing out . about forty cents worth of surface “money for investment, and those that have prefer to buy government bonds. . The new Federel Securities Act has . added to the difficulty of securing ‘capital. THERE MUST BE PROFIT In the Yoregoing, the matter of profit has been left out. If there was no profit, it would be impossible to obtain capital—-no one would invest his money unless there .was promise of getting it back with interest. In atypical mine there is rich ore and poor, much more of the latter than of the former. If only rich ore is taken, a large profit can be made for a short time, but part of this will have to be spent in drivsome more. The ackual rocedure is to take as: much low grade ore as possible and still make a reaonable profit. Thus the life of the mine is prolonged, and the greatest total amount of gold is produced. It follows from this that the lower the ‘costs, the more gold will be added to ithe wealth of the nation. The use of gold mining is not essential to prove these points, it ix only simpler and more striking. Let us take for example, a shoemaker, who, working by hand can produce one pair of shoes a day. obviously sell those shoes for enough to pay his living expenses for one day, plis the cost of the materials FOR FRECHETTE, HARD LABOR; FOR ing drifts through solid rock to find ' He must . SHERIFF, THANKS The been received by following letter of thanks has Sheriff. Carl °Tobiassen from Stanley Berriman, prothat you got Frechette to make a statement voluntarily after he had been fully rested from wild ride across the country. Mr. Tappan, one of our sistants Attorney General, joins me in extending .to you’ our thanks for kind coopera_ tion. his asyour If you are ever in Michigan, you may have carte blanche as far as the attorney general's office is-coneerned; and as far as my office is concerned. I hope that I may sometime in the future meet you again. Please extend my thanks also to your men who so ably assisted you and especially to the man whopried open the trunk and made the capture of this man possible, Very gratefully yours, STANLEY BERRIMAN. (Signed) -/MR. AND MRS. R. CARTER __. WED 53 YEARS AGO CELEBRATED TUES. Mr. and Mrs. Randolph Carter of upper Nevada street celebrated their . 54th wedding anniversary on Tues-. day, March 26th. During the day {used. Now suppose the shoemaker jinstalls a machine which enables him . to make 10 pairs of shoes each day. . He could then get ten times as much . ‘as before for his labor less the cost . of power and the interest on his investment, provided there is no comwith competition, he will \family members and friends called . for a short visit and to extend well. . wishes. It was on March 26, 1882 that) Mr. Carter and Miss Black were uni. ted in marriage in Lake City a thriv-) ing little city north of Nevada City, . and which is now a small settleFrom there they moved to ‘ore containing $8.00 in gold can be, the shoes will be sold at a lower . North Bloomfield where they resided plies amount to itself. . total cost ($3.20) there is $4.80 left jard of living is . with which to pay the wages of one so we canno: get men to work for them. It will be an economic loss to, the community and country if the voad, galloping on and on with wring; Mine closes down, as each man em. ployed is putting $8.00 of new money into circulation every day he works. What can be done? By the investment of capital, we valiant servants—how much has this. ¢#" buy some machines that will inyounger generation lost in not know-. ing and loving horses! ~ WHITTIER GLEE CLUB VISITS HIGH SCHOOL The Men’s Glee Club of Whittier College, of Whittidr, near Los Anseles, visited Nevada City high school Wednesday afternoon. The boys gave an excellent program of music and humor. Eighteen strong, they had a large repertoire of songs and jokes. The boys arrived in a large red bus, and were modestly attired, to a man, in bright yellow sweaters, and purplish plaid pants. Some of the songs they sang foljow: “Stenka Fazin’’, by Malcolm McMillan; ‘“‘Amapola,’”’ by Joseph NM. Lacalle; “Giannina Mia,’’ by FrimlRiefifier; “Son of the Sun,” by Rudolph Friml; ‘‘March of the Musketeers,”’ by Rudolph Friml; ‘Rosita,’’ by Paul Dupont;. ‘Sylvia,’ by Oley Speaks; Their group included ‘the chorus, a quartet, a monologist, and a solo piano player. . The antics of Joe Gaudio, the master of ceremonies, evoked a great deal of laughter from the assembled

students, faculty and visitors. The program was enjoyed by all who listened, and the spokesman’s proposal that the Glee Club be an annual visitor to Nevada City, was received with approval. per higher wages with enough left over . {to pay interest on the capital. taxes were reduced, sible to raise wages. If they were increase the production to 1%. tons man. This will allow us to pay THE TAX FACTORS A large item of the 40 percent expense is in the form of taxes. If it would be poscreased too much it might be necessary to close down the mine and the town would be ruined. Our second axiom is, therefore, that a_ higher cost of government is equivalent to lower wages and a lower standard of living, and as a corollary to this, the more men employed by government the fewer can be employed by private industry, and government has the power to tax an industry out af existence. Our third axiom——The Investment of Capital increases production per worker and therefore raises the standard of living, has been fairly well proved already. Without capital invested in power, machinery and exploration, there would be no mines in the district. Without the help of machinery, the production per worker from the deep mines would be not over twenty five cents a day, and the town. would have ceased to exist back in 1870, after all the surface gold had been mined. out. The deep mines have’ produced more than one hundred million dollars in gold, which has supported this community for sighiy pas Dering the nese of the}, {spend such a large proportion raised. EFFECT OF 30-HOUR WE If the shoemakcr invented the ition, he would make a large profit luntil he had enough capital to build ia factory and employ more labor. Now apply these axioms to the (Continued On Page Six) CHAMBER OFFERS GOOD OFFICES TO LITIGANTS The Nevada City Ch Chamber of Commerce has called a special meeting for discussion of litigation that is pending in regard to hydraulic mining. The meeting has ‘been called for the evening of Thursday, April 11, at 10 o’elock at the Nevada City Chamber of Commerce rooms. Notices have been sent to all persons connected with the litigation. It is hoped an amicable settlement can be made, through the good offices of the chamber. ; Owing to this special meeting of the eleventh, the regular meeting of the Chamber of Commerce which was to have been held the ninth has been postponed until the evening of Friday, April 13. This will also be an important meeting and President Cassidy urges that all members attend, WEDDING ANNIVERSARY Mr. and Mrs. Alfréd Heether returned Wednesday evening from a business trip to San Francisco! They left the same day for their camp at the Grant, and Heether sawmill near Camptonville. While, in San. Francisco Mr. and Mrs, Heether celebratof . . BK . active taking a keen i that goes on about them. . taken out for each man employed, . Price, thus people will not have to/. for13 years before coming to Ne'If explosives, power, taxes and sup40 percent of the . their wages on shoes, and the stand-!ever since. vada City, Mr. and Mrs. Carter are spry, and interest in all Both are ot a jolly, happy disposition and are ever ready to joke and enjoy ae bit of fun. They were the recipient of many} lovely gifts, flowers and cards in honor of the occasion. Three sons, George, Will and Clarjoyed the day with them. ODEGAARD FAMILY TO Oscar T. Odegaard, the new manager of the Nevada County Lumber company, will bring his family, confour children, to Nevada City as soon as the school term ends in Marysville in June. Mr. Odegaard expects to build a home here. His oldest son,, Oscar, is a violinist. He will enter the senior class in the high school. He is very fond of music and at present is a member of the Marysville high school orchestra, the Junior College orchestra and the Tri-County Symphony orhcestra. Mr. Odegaard is also a musician, playing a clarinet in the symphony orchestra. James, the second son, will enter the sophomore class here, and Margaret and Jeanne, the two daughters, will enter the grafmmar school. Mrs. Odegaard has been much interested in the Women’s Art Club of Marysville of which she is member and has been numbered among the leaders in civic and community progress in Marysville.. All members of thé family are looking eagerly forward vada City. Mrs. Otto E. Schiffner left Sunday for San Francisco to be the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Milton E. Schiffner where they have lived, ence, and wives of the latter two en-] ARRIVE HERE IN JUNE! sisting of Mrs. Odegaard and their! Nevada City flomaiae? Loans Total $20, 000 The cured by the information and results serecent housing survey FLIGHT OF AIRPLANES TO ARRIVE AT N. C. AIRPORT APRIL 17 in Nevada township have been classified, recapitulated and tabulated ey Zroups as follows: Number 649. im proveof homes visited, Individuals who desire The Nevada City Council -hela--ments--or—expressed intention of Tre. their regular monthly meeting last) Pairs, 69. 3 ? = s é id rty le 2eds ; rove z . night with all members present. it Property that needs improvement ne : . but. whose owners or tenants show was announced that the flight of } 3 é no interest in loan, 66. jairplanes from San Francisco to the . Individuals. who would not give . Nevada City Airport, would take information or who could not be in. place on the 17th of April. First, terviewed, 41. [however the Airport must be scariImprovements already completed, . fied and rolled before any of, the started of Delng arranger 107 bee. started or being arranged for, 148. made by the Bank of America on terms to the Housing Loan Plan, $20,000, which is the full quota jexpected, weather permitting. allotted the Federal Govern. Judge George L. Jones appeared . ment to Nevada City. However, the i before the council, representing lo. Bank expects that before the buildseason is over the amount wil ‘eal business people, to advocate the} increase at least to $30,000. jing . raising of the quarterly business lic. : jense for outside bread and meat. While we have reached our quota,: ‘trucks, from $15 to some larger sum he results show a_ relatively low . which would protect the local deal‘rate of residents who will avail them;ers in these commodities. He pointed . selves of the loan. There are many lout that the local men paid taxes lwho do not require it and others who ‘and contributed more to the, support . cannot qualify by reason of inadeof the city than these outside part-! quate income. ies, who contributed nothing except; The survey being made during the the license demanded of them by the Christmas season. interfered somecity. The council took the proposed: what with the result. Merchants ordinance under advisement. A pro could not be approached during their posal to license “marble games” was rysh period and housewives did not . also proposed and taken under concare to give time at such a season 'Sideration. for study of the subject. . Fire Chief E. J. N. Ott also apThe report has been turned over ‘peared before the council to request to the general committee who will . visiting planes can land, and a wind Loans A large . planes are . jindicator must be erected. . delegation of visiting Bay ;as by ithe purchase by the city of a neW ¢ojiow up requests for information ; tire truck chassis for No. 2 Com-'4, estimates. : pany. Mr, Ott said the No. 2 fire . Financially: Payments made by ‘truck was in very bad shape and a gpRa for enumerators $254.00. liability to the community and: that I was paid by the committee $66‘a thousand dollars would be enough . ’ 93. ifor the purchase of a new chassis. Supplies paid for by committe : ‘The council stated that at the earl-' $18.07. (Signed) BELLE R. DOUGLASS. Supervisor of Survey. MERRY MAKING, liest convenient moment the money i would be set aside fer that purpose. W. Brown’s appointment as the. inight watchman, was approved by ithe council. The following statement of finances Was pr — —— GIVING TO MARK Water Jenarnawe: $1730.75; Ir‘rigation, $60.50; Insurance refund, A $12.80; Business licenses, $138.00; DONATION DAY Delinquent taxes, $29.83; Court fines , : and penalties, $561.00; Personal Dik acs solik on chavs ts iam pescperey es son sleh eee Donation Day on April 12, a day of jee, anon Bagelipnscun, ANT 0, fun and frolic, as well as a day of shana eens enrichment to the Nevada City Benevolent Society coffers. Howard Penrose is to be grand marshal of the affair and states that the Elks’ Club iis planning to get out their old gonB. F. Wright, $85.00; H. S. Hallet, $62.50; Geo. H. Calanan, $20.00; . Mrs. E. ‘M. Foley, $12.50; Miles D. Be: M.:R ry . \Coushltn, $12.50. Dr, a Mtosenie ‘dola and enter it in the parade. The Pee s, 65.00; Gar; i . $2 ae: ge Ab ae ws 2 seas . high school band will play, while the Geta sahisis Mi Riga ed Moncey ee ; [students will have their Old Clothes . Day on the 12th to add to the gaiety LABOR f the parade. Merchants will coné .00; Charles . ° aoe erpetee pon Hun $43.. tribute cash as in the past, while e phate, 995-005 : : " civie-minded citizens will also give é 00; Fred Eilerman, $12.00; Clarence $4.00. . ,wood, groceries and money. Gram/mar school students will also take ‘part in the program of the day. No Donation Day was held here ‘last year because of a surplus in the Society’s treasury. However, since that time the following expenditures have been made: Groceries, $254.30; wood, $52.69; clothing, $20.02; Martz, $20.00; H. L. Hurst, Wellman $1.00. Bills Passed for Payment, April 4. 19235-——P. G. -& B.Co:,: $221.57; P, G. & E. Co., $4.71; Plaza Garage, ; $7.60; Nevada Co. Lbr. Co., $4.62; iB. F. Wright, .75; Nevada City Garage $26.59; Sam Trevethick, $110.00; Sam Trevethick, $5.00; Standard t $188.33; Miners Co., $$10.10; Irvine Foundry, Foundry, $11.71; Pacific Tel. & Tel. Co., $5.55; Alpha Stores Ltd., $82.52; Nevada City Nugget, $6.40; A. Carlisle & Co., $3.73; A. Carlisle & . ES Cc. Oil Co., $4.33; Ed Christensen, $12.50; H. E. Bolton, $2.76; Union Lithograph Co., $8.38; Miners Foundry, Seaman, $3.34; $181.58; Miners Corp., $188.shoes, $30.86; board and lodging for transients, $7.49; drugs, $5.05; eye glasses, $15.00( refund of this item by the State is hoped for); incidentals, $75.81; donation toward wheel — chair, $5.00. Total, $566.31. Due to these expenditures the So. ciety feels that it is now time to replenish the treasury to. carry on its. good work for. the coming year. The cheerful, willing service and work of to their arrival and new life in Ne. 84: Chamber of Commerce, $15.00; J. E. Lewis, $25.20; Reita D. Curnow, $16.50; W. H. Landrigan, $5.75. FIRE FUND Pacific Tel. and Tel. P. G. & &. Co., $5.17. Mrs. George Calanan, the leader of the Benevolent Society, is much appreciated by all those who have been Co., $2.50; . @88eciated with her in this work. THREE ENTER WYOMING TRIBE -In their meeting last evening Wyoming Tribe of Red Men made plans to initiate three canasdidetM j to initiate three candidates, one local and two from out of town. A dinner . was served at the close of the evenhogs ; E . and Walter fraameaets ental a most {benutitel Arive over the phoma tian , Chief of Police tice Garftetd Wednesday found a 1931 Ford ster, registered to J. E. Dol,