April 5, 1945 (4 pages)

The Nugget is delivered to your home twice a week for only 30 cents per month “God grants liberty ms to those who love it, — are ready to dase and defend it.’ Dante Webster . Nevada Gi COVERS RICHEST GOLD AREA IN CALIFORNIA _ y Nug: . This paper gives you cull coverage of all local happenings. If you want to read about your friends, your neighbors, and your town, read’ The Nugget. Vol. 1. 19, No. rag _The County Seat Paper_ NEVADA CITY, CALIFORNIA _ Di Goid Cones _THURSDAY, APRIL 3. GOLD HAS NO SUBSTITUTE By EDW. ©. UREN Let us select the most cultured and intelligent citizen of war torn Europe and place before him a $20 gold coin and a $20 bill. Let us offer the poorest peasant of either China or India the choice of either a silver dollar or a dollar greenback. Both will grasp the hard coin in preference to the paper money because the coin. is somehting tangible that neither war, nor revolution, nor the elements can destroy, while the paper is a mere promise to pay, is easily destroyed by the elements, and becomes valueless with the demise of the government in power. Ever gejince the dawn of. civilization humanity has used gold and silver; metals that cannot be increased at the whim of government; that are rare, untarnishable, and make up into beautiful coins. We who are in the heart of the greatest gold producing area on the continent are vitally interested in what is to be done with gold. The war in Europe, excepting for Hitler’s guerilla tactics, is about over and the monetary standing of those nations that have been raped by the nazi rorde, is in a chaotic state, while the paper currency of the axis will justly be worthless for some time to come. In 1919, following the first world war, the price of silver rose to $1.37 an ounce—the highest price in a hundred years—on account of the demand for hard coin. The demand this time is bound to be more tense. Francis H. Brownell, chairman of the board of directors of the American Smelting and Refining Company, has written a most interesting and instructive article on. ‘International Bimetallism’’. From this article we are quoting freely, because it covers a field which should be widely read and understood by. all who are in any way interested in mining. “Browtell advocates “the stabilizing not only of gold but also of silver, ‘because silver coins of 10 to 50 cents in value are necessary for more than half the world’s population, many of whom never earn more than a hundred dollars in a year for their labor. Silver is worth a dollar an ounce in India today, while this country pays 45 cents for foreign silver and 71 cents for. that locally produced. England was the first country to stabilize gold at the $20.67 per ounce figure in.1816 and for 115 years, until 1931, that price for*the yellow metal has, held, the world: over. The increase of international trade however became so great that the supply of gold was insufficient to carry on business and England in 1931, followed rapidly by other nations;. went off the gold standard. In 1933. we followed suit. When a nation’s currency is not backed by a most desirable gold reserve, it has\for its guaranty only its own natural.and business assets. For a great many of tthe smaller countries these area rather precarjous risk. ‘Specifically, our Federal Reserve Banks must keep a reserve in gold of 40 per cent against federal reserve notes in circulation. Recently ‘this ratio has been passed and the plan is now to reduce that ratio to 25 per cent. This crisis led in. forcement division to the introduction of a bill sponsored by Senator McFarland of Arizona and Senator Scrugham of ‘Nevada to raise the price of gold to $56 an ounce, which would serve to retain the 40 per cent ratio. The proposal has been turned down by the administration. With Mr. Brownell’s plan of pexg-. ging the price of silver along with) that of gold we quite agree and we) believe the gold miner no serious objection because such a. procedure would the effect of} helping «tto increase the world’s greatly inadequate stock of the metals. . Uncle Sam has two thirds of . should have} . have all) the gold of the world and one half _f its silver. He has set a price of $35 an ounce on gold but is not obliged to make sales at that figure. The result is that in some countries our ‘paper money-is at a discount. In India,.according to Mr. Brownell, in 1943 gold sold at $77 an ounce; in Egypt, $66; while in Argentine it was. being traded at from $44 to $52: ;completed Saturday for two: (Continued on Page Three) VETERANS URGE POSTPONEMENT OF HEALTH LAW SAICRAMENTO, April-5—The Veterans of Foreign Wars, including in its membership thousands of men now overseas, today appealed to the state legislature to delay action on any compulsory health insurance legislationuntil the war ended and California’s service men can have a voice in the proceedings. The action of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, taken through its rehabilitation commission for California, followed closely on the heels of similar action by the American Legion. Emphasizing that men in the armed forces, and veterans of former ware, are entitled to free medical and hospital care as one of the veterans’ benefits earned by their service, the resolution adopted by the Veterans of Foreign Wards declared: : “The compulsory health legislation will force upon these veterans payroll deductions for services which are already supplied to them by the United States government.” : Approximately 1,000,000 Californians——the men and women-of World Wars 1 and 2—are affected. The resolution urged ‘‘that the legislature of the state of California postpone action on any; compulsory health insurance problems until those citizens now in thé armed forces have returned. to civilian life, in order that they may have a voice in the discussion of the proposed laws with.regard to social changes which so vitally affect their future.” M. C. Hermann, department adjutant of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, arrived in Sacramento today to make a personal appearance before the assembly public health committee and ask that the rights of the, veterans be considered. ff:a Dit should be passed, the Legion and Veterans: of Foreign Wars will join in demanding that all veterans pe excluded from its provisions. PRICE VIOLATORS ENRICH U.S. TREASURY The United States treasury was made $12,263.52 richer during the last two.weeks of March by the settlement of price overcharges by 52 Northern .California firms or individuals, the enforcement division’ of the Sacramento district office of price administration has announced. Sixteen firms settled treble damage actions instituted by the enfor $9983.15. Their offenses covered rentals, apparel, liquor, cigarets, farm machinery, trucks and meat sales at over ceilings. The balance of the violators were given hearings before. price panels of the local war price and rationing boards under administrator's claim actions. These were causes where consumers had failed to file personal treble damage actions within 30 days of the oyercharges. SNOW DEPTH FAR GREATER \ Annual snow measurements were six snow courses on the Tahoe national forControl Assistant Martz. Three of. 'the courses where annual measure. /ments are made lie along the head-. quarters of the North Fork and 3 lalong the Middle Fork of the American River, reports Ranger Barnes of the Bloomfield district. Snow depths at Gopher Flat, the Middle Fork, of the American River, averaged 97 inches as compared to 58 inches for last. year. Like measurements at Huysitk on_ the North Fork, showed 115 inches ,a6 eompared to 76 inches for the previous season. These increases, indiecative of a heavier snow fall over the entire’ drainages, together with a higher water content, should assure an adequate water supply for the on ‘est by Rangers Ely, Barnes and Fire . ‘STRENUOUS SKI TRIP TO MAKE SNOW SURVEY Seven strenuous: days of skiing over the high Sierras ended Tuesday night when Perry Bosanko of Grass Valley and Tom Keckler of Nevada (City employees of Nevada Irrigation District reached Sierra City. The men had completed a 45 mile ski trip from Emigrant Gap across the mountains to measure snow at Bowman Lake, English Mountain, ‘Pass Creek, Weber Lake and Haypress Valley. Depth of snow ranged from 85 inches at Bowman to 168 inches at Weber Lake. The greatest depth was at Haypress, however, where it was 115 inches. Bosanko and Keckler started out with a snowmobile from Highway 40 which they abandoned the first day because of a broken track. The balance of the trip was made on skiis One day was spent at Pass Creek guard station on Henness Passe road, due to the recent heavy snow storm when over two feet of new, powder snow fell, making skiing almost impossible. The men reported they sank almost to their knees at times while skiing. On the final day they left Pass} Creek at 7 a. m. and reached Wild! Plum guard station two miles east . of Sierra City at 10:30 p. m. From there, they called District Ranger . Frank B. Delaney at Downieville . over the forest service telephone. . Delaney drove to Sierra City, pickéd the skiiers up and took them to the Buckhorn Cafe in Sierra City for a midnight supper, then brought them to Downieville, where they stayed over night. Wednesday, Delaney took them to their homes in Nevada City and Grass Valley. — Downieyville Mountain Messenger. SHOWN IN SNOW SURVEY METHOD From India, Spain and Canada have some requests for information on the snow survey technique perfected by Dr. J. C. Church, for many years professor of classics at the University of (Nevada, and now meterologist of the institution’s agricultural experiment station. More than 40 years ago Dr. Church began his series of expeditions to Mt. Rose in the Sierras near Reno, out of a love of nature and: the adventure of winter mountain climing. His keen intellectual curiosity soon led hom to scientific application of the ‘knowledge gained through observation of Sierra snowfields, and the science of snow surveying to forecast the amount of water runoff for a given area was developed. The snow sampler perfected by Dr. Church has been requested by the Punjab government in northern India where two high dams similar to Boulder dam are planned, one to be built on the Punjab river fhe other on the Sutlej river. The state of Punjab is governed autonomously and already its leaders are looking forward to post war possibilities inboth irrigation and water power for electricity in building the dams. Dr. Church said in explaining the . Punjab situation that goats, which! are the principal livestock of tho. . region, have cropped off the natural! grasslands of the region and eaten . the shoots of young trees as soon as} . they grew above the ground «o that) the soil has beé¢ome loose and easily . eroded, with no natural cover to re-. tard spring runoff in the mountainous region. A repreesntative of government’ is now in States studying > various_ dams and water control. the Punjab the United types. of coming season. Ranger Barnes described the trip as being extremely difficult. This was due to the high winds encountered during the trip and to the 8 to 10 inches of new snow which had fallen during recent storms. MEXICAN TRACK WORKER KILLED ‘Herrera Juan Martinez, 36, a Mexican track worker on the Southern Pacific, was killed Tuesday afternoon when the speeder, a motorized handcar, on which he and crew members were riding jumped the track and threw him under the wheels of a second speeder attached to the first. Coroner Aivah Hooper states that the man apparently. died instantly. The crew of track workers prdéceeding on two speeders and a push ear, all attached, was proceeding along the railroad track five miles west of Soda Springs, when the accident happened at 4 p. m. None of the others was hurt. NEW PROCESS CAN PRESERVE RESERVE SHIPS Newly developed ‘processes for the preservation of inactive ships in a national defense reserve fleet can eliminate a repetition of the World War I eyesore of rusting and rotting werchant vessels, [Frank J. Taylor, president of the American Merchant Marine Institute declared. Instead of having only a “graveyard” of deteriorating ships, Taylor said, America would be able to possess a large, ‘well preserved fleet of surplus merchant ships that could be used almost immediately in a national emergency if new methods de‘veloped by the ‘Navy Bureau of Ships are made available after the war for the merchant marine’s use. The navy’s plans for laying up its surplus vessels include de-humidification of interiors and the use of new rust preventives. De-humidification consists of drying air in-a ves‘ “yt sel to the rejative humidity of 30 which will resist corrosion. The air is dried by an automatice electric powered machine, receiving its current from shore. The initial cost of installation on a vessel. worth «several millions is about $3500. Maintenance costs are much lower than that of previous preservation equipment and involves less labor. For the protection of exterior parts and for other corrodible material section, the navy has a new rust preventive thAt cah be applied without dissembling parts of the ships and which need not be removed when the ship is returned to service. With these two methods, vessels can be placed into operation in a few days as compared to the month required after the last war. The institute, an early advocate of a strategic reserve fleet, has pointed out that whenever possible the vessels shouldbe berthed in a _ fresh water as an additional aid to longevity. Taylor in urging the creation of a national defense reserve merchant fleet, said these vessels must be set aside for the same reason that ammunition, cannon, and rifles are carefully stored ‘by the armed services. He added that the very existence of a well maintained surplus fleet may ‘well discourage future enemies of the United States. * However, Taylor pointed out thit these ships must not be permitted to deteriorate and fall apart as was allowed after the last'war when almost 1000 ships ‘were laid up solely for disposing of them and with no thought of national defense. Wenzke Avion for . Sentence Tomorrow Red Cross Fund Oversubscribed $2,173.08 R. J. Bennetts, chairman of the Red Cross committee which completed its drive in this city and ‘environs two weeks ago, yesterday reported that the quota had been $2,173-08 oversubscribed. The quota was $8,100 ‘and amount actually donated was $10,203.08. Helen Chasinnn Wirt Writes of Fast Moving Front Miss Helen Chapman, former member of the Nevada City high school faculty, is serving with a Red Cross clubmobile unit behind the front lines in Germany. She wrote a friend recently that the Red Cross workers have had a hard job just keeping up with the front lines as it) moves eastward toward Berlin. Red Cross Luncheon for Officers Wives The Red Cross luncheon for wives officers in the armed services will take place in {he Veterans Memorial Building Monday evening April 9th. A member of the DeWitt General Hospital staff will address the meeting on some phase of psychiatry as practiced in army hospitals. Mrs. Henry Stoneman and Mrs. L. J. Hoyer are inecharge of reservations. All wives of officers residing in. Marysville, Grass Valley and Nevada City are invited to attend. Ypba Pass Road to Open April 15 State Senator J.L. .Seawell, Nevada and Sierra county representatives in the upper house of the state legislature, informed the Nevada City (Nugget by wire that the job of opening the Yuba Pass Highway, would start Monday, April 9 with exery expectation that the pass will be open for travel April 15. The Yuba Pass route over the mountains into northeastern California and western Nevada has been closed beyond Sierra City since the heavy snows of the early part of the year. . Eight in Race for Grass Valley City Council The race to fill the seats on the Grass Valley city council in the municipal election May 7th, now has eight entries. Incumbents, Allison Simmons and John R. Thompson are candidates, but not J. B. Stennett, who thus’far has failed to file his nomination petition. The six others in the race, according to City Clerk Everett Daward are Gilbert F. Cramer, William J. Bray, Thomas Terrell, “loyd Weeks, R. M. Roberts and James Rowe. Sole candidate for the office of auditor-treasurer is William F. Garland, incumbent. Veterans Service Officer Is Named Highlighting the good will dinner given by Hague-Thomas-Hegarty Post of the American Legion to the business and professional men and county officials, was the announcement that the Nevada County Board of Supervisors will finance establishment of a county veterans service officer program. It was announced that Gregg Altonhofen will serve in the office with out pay, but he will be provided with a secretary-clerk, postage and other expenses. The office will be established in the United States Employment Service nffice in Grass Valley. The purpose of the office is to advise all veterans regarding their rights and their interests. Fishermen Are Lraed to Get Licenses Now SAN FRANCISCO, fishermen preparing April 6—Trout for the opening of the trout season on May 1 Due to the illness of Judge Lowell. Shoudd include the purchase of an Sparks, who presided at the trial, Herman Wenzke, manager and bar{tender of the Beacon Hill Lodge, who was to have appeared for sentence Tuesday on conviction of selling liquor to minors, was postpdéned until tomorrow. Wenzke, at liberty on $1,000 was convicted of selling liquor to minors, on three counts. His conviction followed the testimony of. seven Sacramento high school youngsters, 18 and under, who purchased hard liquor drinks from him on January 14, when a group of thirty boys and girls made Beacon Hill'Lodge their headquarters during a winter "sports exeursion: . angling license as one -of the items 'to be taken care of now. There will be no your standing in line if you gat 1945 angling license well in advance of the opening date. Licenses are on sale at. all offices of the State Division of Fish and Game and sporting . goodsstores. Everyone over the age of 18 years, excepting members of the armed forces who are not required to obtain an angling license, must have a license to fish for game fish. . Pre-season planting of trout raised at hatcheries of the State Division of Fish and Game has started California and will be continued throughout, the month of April. in 1945 MANY VETERANS PLAN TO OWN FARMS IN STATE By Leone Baxter After war duties in foreign lands previously only dreamed about, California boys are contemplating the glories of home in the revealing light of first hand comparison with the rest of the world. And the home fields are greener far than those viewed abroad.California farm boys a big percentage of whom—have indicated the intention of returning to the soil after the war and running their own farms, report they have learned 3 brand new appreciation of their own home place on the good earth. After Italy, France, Germany, Africa ang even the storied paradise of » the South Pacific—ithe California terrain looks like a large slice of heaven to boys weary of war on alien ground. Surprisingly perhaps, a large number of service men who never before lived on farms, plan--to take a flyer at farming. when they return, a government,.survey shows. ; Just how that will affect agricul-ture in the greatest farm state in the Union is a problem for the experts in the field. But the under lying reason for the tendency is significant. in itself. The desire of young men uprooted by war, to get their feet on solid ground again, to acquire and manage something of their own after living under orders for years, is natural enough. In addition to that, the wartime requirement for men to damage, to kill, to destroy, are not the natural propensities of normal young Americans. Such war skills had to be learned under war’s tough tutelage, and boys who now employ them soearnestly against. the enemy are equally eager to unlearn them with the. war’s end. In -gettine-closé-to the soil again, many expect to fulfill a normal ambition to build and to produce constructively, an ambition that the disordered world of war has only heightened. At this point almost any working farmer could ‘blast—or at least dampen—those young, high hopes with a few factual observations con; cerning the troubles that beset, the average farm operator. But few will have the heant to do any such thing. ‘Rather, the industry undoubtedly will lend every aid and offer unlim-_ ited counsel to the bucolic young veterans. They will advise them not to overextend themselves in acquiring acreage. They will guide them in deter-_ mining their land’s best use, selecting their crops, learning grade gtandards and market procedures. The; will send them to the right ofticial sources for technical advice. ‘Farmers who have Iearhéa the ‘hard way can help .to open’a new world to the boys who will leave the field of sacrifice to stand for the first time on their own green acres, their hands sifting the good California earth, their eyes alight with hope of a new, bright future in which wars will have no part. Pfc. Mervyn Chenoweth Is Now Sergeant (Cpl. Mervyn Chenoweth, who landed in San Francisco three weeks ago, following his rescue from a:Jap prison camp near Manila, as Pfe. Chenoweth last evening addressed the Grass Valley: Business and Profeséional Women’s Club as Sgt .Chenoweth. . He was promoted _ to corporal shortly after he landed in San Francisco. He addressed the Lions Club lastweek while still holding that rank. Last night he told the BPWC of his experiences in the prison camp but was introduced by the president, Miss Betty Eldredge, as Sgt. Chenoweth, having received his latest: pro‘motion early this week. The Grass Valley soldier isa patient at DeWitt General Hospital dur-— ing the day time, is fast regaininghis health. He spends his nights with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. A. — D. Chenoweth who live eight miles west, of this city on highway 49. Mr. and Mrs. Verne Lyons, proprietors of Camptonville, business visitors in this city — day. a oe notet were

The Nugget is delivered to your home twice a week for only 30 cents per month “God grants liberty ms to those who love it, — are ready to dase and defend it.’ Dante Webster . Nevada Gi COVERS RICHEST GOLD AREA IN CALIFORNIA _ y Nug: . This paper gives you cull coverage of all local happenings. If you want to read about your friends, your neighbors, and your town, read’ The Nugget. Vol. 1. 19, No. rag _The County Seat Paper_ NEVADA CITY, CALIFORNIA _ Di Goid Cones _THURSDAY, APRIL 3. GOLD HAS NO SUBSTITUTE By EDW. ©. UREN Let us select the most cultured and intelligent citizen of war torn Europe and place before him a $20 gold coin and a $20 bill. Let us offer the poorest peasant of either China or India the choice of either a silver dollar or a dollar greenback. Both will grasp the hard coin in preference to the paper money because the coin. is somehting tangible that neither war, nor revolution, nor the elements can destroy, while the paper is a mere promise to pay, is easily destroyed by the elements, and becomes valueless with the demise of the government in power. Ever gejince the dawn of. civilization humanity has used gold and silver; metals that cannot be increased at the whim of government; that are rare, untarnishable, and make up into beautiful coins. We who are in the heart of the greatest gold producing area on the continent are vitally interested in what is to be done with gold. The war in Europe, excepting for Hitler’s guerilla tactics, is about over and the monetary standing of those nations that have been raped by the nazi rorde, is in a chaotic state, while the paper currency of the axis will justly be worthless for some time to come. In 1919, following the first world war, the price of silver rose to $1.37 an ounce—the highest price in a hundred years—on account of the demand for hard coin. The demand this time is bound to be more tense. Francis H. Brownell, chairman of the board of directors of the American Smelting and Refining Company, has written a most interesting and instructive article on. ‘International Bimetallism’’. From this article we are quoting freely, because it covers a field which should be widely read and understood by. all who are in any way interested in mining. “Browtell advocates “the stabilizing not only of gold but also of silver, ‘because silver coins of 10 to 50 cents in value are necessary for more than half the world’s population, many of whom never earn more than a hundred dollars in a year for their labor. Silver is worth a dollar an ounce in India today, while this country pays 45 cents for foreign silver and 71 cents for. that locally produced. England was the first country to stabilize gold at the $20.67 per ounce figure in.1816 and for 115 years, until 1931, that price for*the yellow metal has, held, the world: over. The increase of international trade however became so great that the supply of gold was insufficient to carry on business and England in 1931, followed rapidly by other nations;. went off the gold standard. In 1933. we followed suit. When a nation’s currency is not backed by a most desirable gold reserve, it has\for its guaranty only its own natural.and business assets. For a great many of tthe smaller countries these area rather precarjous risk. ‘Specifically, our Federal Reserve Banks must keep a reserve in gold of 40 per cent against federal reserve notes in circulation. Recently ‘this ratio has been passed and the plan is now to reduce that ratio to 25 per cent. This crisis led in. forcement division to the introduction of a bill sponsored by Senator McFarland of Arizona and Senator Scrugham of ‘Nevada to raise the price of gold to $56 an ounce, which would serve to retain the 40 per cent ratio. The proposal has been turned down by the administration. With Mr. Brownell’s plan of pexg-. ging the price of silver along with) that of gold we quite agree and we) believe the gold miner no serious objection because such a. procedure would the effect of} helping «tto increase the world’s greatly inadequate stock of the metals. . Uncle Sam has two thirds of . should have} . have all) the gold of the world and one half _f its silver. He has set a price of $35 an ounce on gold but is not obliged to make sales at that figure. The result is that in some countries our ‘paper money-is at a discount. In India,.according to Mr. Brownell, in 1943 gold sold at $77 an ounce; in Egypt, $66; while in Argentine it was. being traded at from $44 to $52: ;completed Saturday for two: (Continued on Page Three) VETERANS URGE POSTPONEMENT OF HEALTH LAW SAICRAMENTO, April-5—The Veterans of Foreign Wars, including in its membership thousands of men now overseas, today appealed to the state legislature to delay action on any compulsory health insurance legislationuntil the war ended and California’s service men can have a voice in the proceedings. The action of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, taken through its rehabilitation commission for California, followed closely on the heels of similar action by the American Legion. Emphasizing that men in the armed forces, and veterans of former ware, are entitled to free medical and hospital care as one of the veterans’ benefits earned by their service, the resolution adopted by the Veterans of Foreign Wards declared: : “The compulsory health legislation will force upon these veterans payroll deductions for services which are already supplied to them by the United States government.” : Approximately 1,000,000 Californians——the men and women-of World Wars 1 and 2—are affected. The resolution urged ‘‘that the legislature of the state of California postpone action on any; compulsory health insurance problems until those citizens now in thé armed forces have returned. to civilian life, in order that they may have a voice in the discussion of the proposed laws with.regard to social changes which so vitally affect their future.” M. C. Hermann, department adjutant of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, arrived in Sacramento today to make a personal appearance before the assembly public health committee and ask that the rights of the, veterans be considered. ff:a Dit should be passed, the Legion and Veterans: of Foreign Wars will join in demanding that all veterans pe excluded from its provisions. PRICE VIOLATORS ENRICH U.S. TREASURY The United States treasury was made $12,263.52 richer during the last two.weeks of March by the settlement of price overcharges by 52 Northern .California firms or individuals, the enforcement division’ of the Sacramento district office of price administration has announced. Sixteen firms settled treble damage actions instituted by the enfor $9983.15. Their offenses covered rentals, apparel, liquor, cigarets, farm machinery, trucks and meat sales at over ceilings. The balance of the violators were given hearings before. price panels of the local war price and rationing boards under administrator's claim actions. These were causes where consumers had failed to file personal treble damage actions within 30 days of the oyercharges. SNOW DEPTH FAR GREATER \ Annual snow measurements were six snow courses on the Tahoe national forControl Assistant Martz. Three of. 'the courses where annual measure. /ments are made lie along the head-. quarters of the North Fork and 3 lalong the Middle Fork of the American River, reports Ranger Barnes of the Bloomfield district. Snow depths at Gopher Flat, the Middle Fork, of the American River, averaged 97 inches as compared to 58 inches for last. year. Like measurements at Huysitk on_ the North Fork, showed 115 inches ,a6 eompared to 76 inches for the previous season. These increases, indiecative of a heavier snow fall over the entire’ drainages, together with a higher water content, should assure an adequate water supply for the on ‘est by Rangers Ely, Barnes and Fire . ‘STRENUOUS SKI TRIP TO MAKE SNOW SURVEY Seven strenuous: days of skiing over the high Sierras ended Tuesday night when Perry Bosanko of Grass Valley and Tom Keckler of Nevada (City employees of Nevada Irrigation District reached Sierra City. The men had completed a 45 mile ski trip from Emigrant Gap across the mountains to measure snow at Bowman Lake, English Mountain, ‘Pass Creek, Weber Lake and Haypress Valley. Depth of snow ranged from 85 inches at Bowman to 168 inches at Weber Lake. The greatest depth was at Haypress, however, where it was 115 inches. Bosanko and Keckler started out with a snowmobile from Highway 40 which they abandoned the first day because of a broken track. The balance of the trip was made on skiis One day was spent at Pass Creek guard station on Henness Passe road, due to the recent heavy snow storm when over two feet of new, powder snow fell, making skiing almost impossible. The men reported they sank almost to their knees at times while skiing. On the final day they left Pass} Creek at 7 a. m. and reached Wild! Plum guard station two miles east . of Sierra City at 10:30 p. m. From there, they called District Ranger . Frank B. Delaney at Downieville . over the forest service telephone. . Delaney drove to Sierra City, pickéd the skiiers up and took them to the Buckhorn Cafe in Sierra City for a midnight supper, then brought them to Downieville, where they stayed over night. Wednesday, Delaney took them to their homes in Nevada City and Grass Valley. — Downieyville Mountain Messenger. SHOWN IN SNOW SURVEY METHOD From India, Spain and Canada have some requests for information on the snow survey technique perfected by Dr. J. C. Church, for many years professor of classics at the University of (Nevada, and now meterologist of the institution’s agricultural experiment station. More than 40 years ago Dr. Church began his series of expeditions to Mt. Rose in the Sierras near Reno, out of a love of nature and: the adventure of winter mountain climing. His keen intellectual curiosity soon led hom to scientific application of the ‘knowledge gained through observation of Sierra snowfields, and the science of snow surveying to forecast the amount of water runoff for a given area was developed. The snow sampler perfected by Dr. Church has been requested by the Punjab government in northern India where two high dams similar to Boulder dam are planned, one to be built on the Punjab river fhe other on the Sutlej river. The state of Punjab is governed autonomously and already its leaders are looking forward to post war possibilities inboth irrigation and water power for electricity in building the dams. Dr. Church said in explaining the . Punjab situation that goats, which! are the principal livestock of tho. . region, have cropped off the natural! grasslands of the region and eaten . the shoots of young trees as soon as}

. they grew above the ground «o that) the soil has beé¢ome loose and easily . eroded, with no natural cover to re-. tard spring runoff in the mountainous region. A repreesntative of government’ is now in States studying > various_ dams and water control. the Punjab the United types. of coming season. Ranger Barnes described the trip as being extremely difficult. This was due to the high winds encountered during the trip and to the 8 to 10 inches of new snow which had fallen during recent storms. MEXICAN TRACK WORKER KILLED ‘Herrera Juan Martinez, 36, a Mexican track worker on the Southern Pacific, was killed Tuesday afternoon when the speeder, a motorized handcar, on which he and crew members were riding jumped the track and threw him under the wheels of a second speeder attached to the first. Coroner Aivah Hooper states that the man apparently. died instantly. The crew of track workers prdéceeding on two speeders and a push ear, all attached, was proceeding along the railroad track five miles west of Soda Springs, when the accident happened at 4 p. m. None of the others was hurt. NEW PROCESS CAN PRESERVE RESERVE SHIPS Newly developed ‘processes for the preservation of inactive ships in a national defense reserve fleet can eliminate a repetition of the World War I eyesore of rusting and rotting werchant vessels, [Frank J. Taylor, president of the American Merchant Marine Institute declared. Instead of having only a “graveyard” of deteriorating ships, Taylor said, America would be able to possess a large, ‘well preserved fleet of surplus merchant ships that could be used almost immediately in a national emergency if new methods de‘veloped by the ‘Navy Bureau of Ships are made available after the war for the merchant marine’s use. The navy’s plans for laying up its surplus vessels include de-humidification of interiors and the use of new rust preventives. De-humidification consists of drying air in-a ves‘ “yt sel to the rejative humidity of 30 which will resist corrosion. The air is dried by an automatice electric powered machine, receiving its current from shore. The initial cost of installation on a vessel. worth «several millions is about $3500. Maintenance costs are much lower than that of previous preservation equipment and involves less labor. For the protection of exterior parts and for other corrodible material section, the navy has a new rust preventive thAt cah be applied without dissembling parts of the ships and which need not be removed when the ship is returned to service. With these two methods, vessels can be placed into operation in a few days as compared to the month required after the last war. The institute, an early advocate of a strategic reserve fleet, has pointed out that whenever possible the vessels shouldbe berthed in a _ fresh water as an additional aid to longevity. Taylor in urging the creation of a national defense reserve merchant fleet, said these vessels must be set aside for the same reason that ammunition, cannon, and rifles are carefully stored ‘by the armed services. He added that the very existence of a well maintained surplus fleet may ‘well discourage future enemies of the United States. * However, Taylor pointed out thit these ships must not be permitted to deteriorate and fall apart as was allowed after the last'war when almost 1000 ships ‘were laid up solely for disposing of them and with no thought of national defense. Wenzke Avion for . Sentence Tomorrow Red Cross Fund Oversubscribed $2,173.08 R. J. Bennetts, chairman of the Red Cross committee which completed its drive in this city and ‘environs two weeks ago, yesterday reported that the quota had been $2,173-08 oversubscribed. The quota was $8,100 ‘and amount actually donated was $10,203.08. Helen Chasinnn Wirt Writes of Fast Moving Front Miss Helen Chapman, former member of the Nevada City high school faculty, is serving with a Red Cross clubmobile unit behind the front lines in Germany. She wrote a friend recently that the Red Cross workers have had a hard job just keeping up with the front lines as it) moves eastward toward Berlin. Red Cross Luncheon for Officers Wives The Red Cross luncheon for wives officers in the armed services will take place in {he Veterans Memorial Building Monday evening April 9th. A member of the DeWitt General Hospital staff will address the meeting on some phase of psychiatry as practiced in army hospitals. Mrs. Henry Stoneman and Mrs. L. J. Hoyer are inecharge of reservations. All wives of officers residing in. Marysville, Grass Valley and Nevada City are invited to attend. Ypba Pass Road to Open April 15 State Senator J.L. .Seawell, Nevada and Sierra county representatives in the upper house of the state legislature, informed the Nevada City (Nugget by wire that the job of opening the Yuba Pass Highway, would start Monday, April 9 with exery expectation that the pass will be open for travel April 15. The Yuba Pass route over the mountains into northeastern California and western Nevada has been closed beyond Sierra City since the heavy snows of the early part of the year. . Eight in Race for Grass Valley City Council The race to fill the seats on the Grass Valley city council in the municipal election May 7th, now has eight entries. Incumbents, Allison Simmons and John R. Thompson are candidates, but not J. B. Stennett, who thus’far has failed to file his nomination petition. The six others in the race, according to City Clerk Everett Daward are Gilbert F. Cramer, William J. Bray, Thomas Terrell, “loyd Weeks, R. M. Roberts and James Rowe. Sole candidate for the office of auditor-treasurer is William F. Garland, incumbent. Veterans Service Officer Is Named Highlighting the good will dinner given by Hague-Thomas-Hegarty Post of the American Legion to the business and professional men and county officials, was the announcement that the Nevada County Board of Supervisors will finance establishment of a county veterans service officer program. It was announced that Gregg Altonhofen will serve in the office with out pay, but he will be provided with a secretary-clerk, postage and other expenses. The office will be established in the United States Employment Service nffice in Grass Valley. The purpose of the office is to advise all veterans regarding their rights and their interests. Fishermen Are Lraed to Get Licenses Now SAN FRANCISCO, fishermen preparing April 6—Trout for the opening of the trout season on May 1 Due to the illness of Judge Lowell. Shoudd include the purchase of an Sparks, who presided at the trial, Herman Wenzke, manager and bar{tender of the Beacon Hill Lodge, who was to have appeared for sentence Tuesday on conviction of selling liquor to minors, was postpdéned until tomorrow. Wenzke, at liberty on $1,000 was convicted of selling liquor to minors, on three counts. His conviction followed the testimony of. seven Sacramento high school youngsters, 18 and under, who purchased hard liquor drinks from him on January 14, when a group of thirty boys and girls made Beacon Hill'Lodge their headquarters during a winter "sports exeursion: . angling license as one -of the items 'to be taken care of now. There will be no your standing in line if you gat 1945 angling license well in advance of the opening date. Licenses are on sale at. all offices of the State Division of Fish and Game and sporting . goodsstores. Everyone over the age of 18 years, excepting members of the armed forces who are not required to obtain an angling license, must have a license to fish for game fish. . Pre-season planting of trout raised at hatcheries of the State Division of Fish and Game has started California and will be continued throughout, the month of April. in 1945 MANY VETERANS PLAN TO OWN FARMS IN STATE By Leone Baxter After war duties in foreign lands previously only dreamed about, California boys are contemplating the glories of home in the revealing light of first hand comparison with the rest of the world. And the home fields are greener far than those viewed abroad.California farm boys a big percentage of whom—have indicated the intention of returning to the soil after the war and running their own farms, report they have learned 3 brand new appreciation of their own home place on the good earth. After Italy, France, Germany, Africa ang even the storied paradise of » the South Pacific—ithe California terrain looks like a large slice of heaven to boys weary of war on alien ground. Surprisingly perhaps, a large number of service men who never before lived on farms, plan--to take a flyer at farming. when they return, a government,.survey shows. ; Just how that will affect agricul-ture in the greatest farm state in the Union is a problem for the experts in the field. But the under lying reason for the tendency is significant. in itself. The desire of young men uprooted by war, to get their feet on solid ground again, to acquire and manage something of their own after living under orders for years, is natural enough. In addition to that, the wartime requirement for men to damage, to kill, to destroy, are not the natural propensities of normal young Americans. Such war skills had to be learned under war’s tough tutelage, and boys who now employ them soearnestly against. the enemy are equally eager to unlearn them with the. war’s end. In -gettine-closé-to the soil again, many expect to fulfill a normal ambition to build and to produce constructively, an ambition that the disordered world of war has only heightened. At this point almost any working farmer could ‘blast—or at least dampen—those young, high hopes with a few factual observations con; cerning the troubles that beset, the average farm operator. But few will have the heant to do any such thing. ‘Rather, the industry undoubtedly will lend every aid and offer unlim-_ ited counsel to the bucolic young veterans. They will advise them not to overextend themselves in acquiring acreage. They will guide them in deter-_ mining their land’s best use, selecting their crops, learning grade gtandards and market procedures. The; will send them to the right ofticial sources for technical advice. ‘Farmers who have Iearhéa the ‘hard way can help .to open’a new world to the boys who will leave the field of sacrifice to stand for the first time on their own green acres, their hands sifting the good California earth, their eyes alight with hope of a new, bright future in which wars will have no part. Pfc. Mervyn Chenoweth Is Now Sergeant (Cpl. Mervyn Chenoweth, who landed in San Francisco three weeks ago, following his rescue from a:Jap prison camp near Manila, as Pfe. Chenoweth last evening addressed the Grass Valley: Business and Profeséional Women’s Club as Sgt .Chenoweth. . He was promoted _ to corporal shortly after he landed in San Francisco. He addressed the Lions Club lastweek while still holding that rank. Last night he told the BPWC of his experiences in the prison camp but was introduced by the president, Miss Betty Eldredge, as Sgt. Chenoweth, having received his latest: pro‘motion early this week. The Grass Valley soldier isa patient at DeWitt General Hospital dur-— ing the day time, is fast regaininghis health. He spends his nights with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. A. — D. Chenoweth who live eight miles west, of this city on highway 49. Mr. and Mrs. Verne Lyons, proprietors of Camptonville, business visitors in this city — day. a oe notet were