March 27, 1931 (6 pages)

. Fa Bgeeace EKER . REEE lif. ee ae Seiad MARCH 27, 1931 WHY BOUNDARES = ARE SO ECCENTRIC An explanation of: the eccentricities of state and national boundary lines and how they came about has Been, issued by the United States ‘Geological Survey. An accout of the way in which these boundaries have been determined, says the Survey, is a fascinating story that forms an essential part of the history of this country. The peculiar irregularities of some of the state boundaries are due to compromises made to adjust differenees between the representatives of the states T.he “Southwick Jog,” for example, which appears on the boundary between Connecticut and Massachusetts, was established. because in adjusting érrors in the boundary as previously run by compass a long ,narrow strip of land waa given to Connecticut and the “jog ceeded to Massachusetts was intended to be an equivalent area. ; Why the Missouri Panhandle The panhandle at the southeast corner of Missouri is said to.be the result of efforts of a prominent landowner to have his planaion included in the new state. The projection on the northern boundary of Minnesota,-which includes a land area of about 124 aquare miles separated from the main part of Minnesota by the Lake of the Woods, resulted from the use of inaccurate maps by the treaty makers, and has been described as a politico-geographical: curiosity of a boundary that a glance at the map will show, that no one could have foreseen, and that would be inexplicable without some knowledge of the steps in the process by which it was brought about.” — The Virginia charter of 1609 included the area extending west to the “South Sea”—that ig, the Pacific Ocean, called Mar Del Sur (south #ea) by Balboa in 1613, when he first saw it at a place where the ‘shore line runs aedriy east and west. Of eourse tn 1609 no éne knew how far away from the “South Sea’ was, and some of the other colonies had charters. stating. the same western Hmit. The historital diagrams given for most of the states show the original a@réa and the euecessive changes by reduction or additian. . Mason and Dixon Line Probably the most widely known boundary in the United States ia the Pennsylvania and ‘Maryiaia,” ‘run’ by’ two famous English Mathematicians in 1768-1767. Their. work was ‘stopped by Indians, but they had rua from the Delaware River to a point about 30 miles beyond the Hotthwest corner of Maryland. The accuracy of their survey fe shown by the fact that in aresurvey.130 years. later with eorner of Maryland differed only 180. feet from their position. ‘The original stones for 6-mile marks da this line were carved in Migiand from timestone and are still standing, with Lord Baltimore’s coat of arm s on the Maryland side and the Pean armg on the Pennsylvania side. The east-west part of the bounGary Island was for more than 200 years a matter of dispute that was sn some respects the most remarkable boundary question with which this country has had to ‘deal, Twice the question, went to the Supreme Court of the United Sates, and in one of hese suits Daniel Webster and Refus-Choate were employed ag coun-. ee) for Massachusetts. Choate; to {1-tustrate the indefiniteness of certain boundary lines, said before the Massachusetts Legislature: “The commissioners might as well have decided that the line between the States was bounded<on the north by a bramble bush, on the south by} a. blue jay, on the west by a hive of bees in swarming time, and on the east by five hundred foxes with fire} brands tied to their tails. Alaska Boundary Settlement The territory purchased from Rusaia in 1867 for $7,200,000 and then commonly called “Seward’s’ folly’ became of interest when its. wealth of mineral and other cesources was realized ,and parts of the boundary were questioned by the. Canadian authorities. The controversy Was settled in 1903 by a tribunal of six commissioners, three from: each country, A diagram in this bulletin shows that Alaska is by far our largest Doesession, covering 686,400 square miles, and anottier . Ulystration reVeal: the: interesting. thet the area of Alaska and the Aieulan Islands, if superimposed oa the United Atlantic the] b « Ocean near the line between Georgia ‘}and South Carolina, cross the Mexican boundary in sohthwestern New Mexico, and todch the Pacifi Ocean in southern California. . The highest point in North Ameria is Mount MKjoley in Alaska, 20,300feet above sea level. The Geologial Survey bulletin ontains a fiew of this mountain, also views of the highest and lowest points on earth, Dead Sea. The highest and lowest points in the United States outside of Alaska are both in California—Mount. Whitney ,14,496 feet above sea level, and Death Valley, 276 feet below sea level. These twa points are only 86 miles apart. Nearly 12,000 Miles of-Coast. The length of the tidal oast lines of the mainland of ontinental United States is 11,936 miles, and the total for the entire boundary, land and water, 17,936 miles. The asrount of these oddities of the boundary, is given in, ronsiderable detail in this Geologilal Survey publiration, Bulletin 817, entitled “Boundaries, areas, geographir centers, and altitudes of the United States and the several states, with a Dprief record of important changes in their territory and governient.”’ Edward M. Douglas is the author. This bulletin, which may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Wash., for 60 cents, contains 265 pages and numerous maps and other illustrations. It presents a large amount of pertinent information, including extracts from may of the treaties ad conventions by which the boudaries were established, a map showing routes of the principal explorers from 1501 to 1884, reproductions of two maps general statistics relating to the United States. It is not only a reference book, however, but is packed full of items that are of interest to every intelligent citizen. 0 INSPECT TIRES BEFORE _ STARTING ON LONG TRIP Tires should be dismounted from the rims and examined carefully for pebbles, glass, of other foreign material which they. may have picked up, before starting a long trip, advises the Free Emeregncy Road Service of the California State Automobile Association. Rims should be cleaned and given a coating of graphite pefore reassembling. Tire flaps should be examined because puncture are often caused by worn flaps permitting the casing to pinch the inner tube. Even a slightly worn flap Kshoutd be replaced by © new one. often accompanies it. Mount Everest and the shore of the} THE NEVADA.CITY SUGEET, “CALIFORNIA _ TREAS. JOHNSON SPEAKS ON ECONOMIC QUESTION SACRAMENTO, March 26.—The business barometer has an. upward tendency again according, to State Treasure Charles G. Johnson, who sees. it due to the mort foresighted and courageous business leaders, taking advantage of the opportunties made possible by the year or more of depression in commercial enterprise. Johnson. gave his views on _ the economic situation before a group of investiment brokers representing more than two billion in capital who eame here to bid on two state bond issues which the state treasure had up for sale. The interest of capital in _. the two issues, $4,000,000 in veterans’ welfare bonds, and $204,000 in state park bonds, is. in itself a healthy indication, Johnson pointed out. The National City Bank, offer-. ing a premium of $171,800, was the succesful bidder for the bands. A period of business depression, Johnson told the financiers, may present a great opportunity for the people of a nation to take inventory of their resources, Recent events, he declared, indicated that the substantial business interests of the country, instead of bewailing their losses and bringing about reduced consumption through suspension of output, had made use of the opportunity to assess the possibilities and are now ready to go forward with increased momentum. “In many ways capital is its own worst enemy”, said Johnson, “through exercising a super-preservation during business depressions. True, bankers, building and loan officials and other investiments leaders are the main custodians of capital, but their reluctance to adopt new principals in meeting the demands if a depressed trade serves as a deterTent agency in re-establishing the ‘customer’s confidence in himself. “Despite the scattered blows against the finincial structure of the national and the State of California, in many cases by unscrupulous and dishonest financers, the finincal setup is {tact and awaits only real leader ship in sound economics to start the return wave of prosperity. “‘Agriculture and labor are bearing the brunt of this woeful lack of leadership, with the former under the heaviest burden since the depression of 1907. From 1923 to 1929, inclusive, productive and consumptive machinery were moving in. high gear with little thought of economie Protection te the farmers and taborers. * “High-geared.: selling siiceie the basie principles of thrift carried tradawit There’s a new. pieaant “Suff, ering? mint-flavored, tablet that relieves ordinary headache and neuralgia, muscular pains and functional pains. It’s excellent for —cold in the head—and for the sore throat “Mog? in American: securities: out “of Physicians have been writing prescriptions for 6 similar combination for years. The Dr. Miles Medical Company has standardized this well balanced formula and is glad to offer it in the form of a stable, palatable, mint-flavored tablet for heme Uae Punt See 18s. Regeln: Feciys Me R YOUR MC ONEY BACK States in true nerth-south position so @s to touch me ae -bou a & short distance whe Woods, wane ese tae mn ieeas FULL LINE AMERICAN AND SWEDISH DISHES GOOD MEALS AT ALL HOURSniin RESTAURANT MMUNGRY ADA CSE, GAS i the tevels. of conservatism, ‘snto fictitious values. without regard to earning power or inventory values. Diring this period of ‘“get-richquick” enthusiasm, the public did not Fecognize the need of inventory or self-yaluation, the only method of establishing true values. “There is a pregnant need, more than evr bfor in th history of th er. We need to bring inte closer cooperation the various agencies on whose activities true Prosperity reste if confidence ih to be rebuilt. Expenditures by national, state, county and municipal governments for publii works are only like cnaff in the wind of finanrial folly if the needs of avrihultore and labor are not relonciled and if capital does not extend itself in the development of these factors of progress and prosperity.” i ROADWAY MAKES POOR PLAYGROUND Illustrative of the “SS tha inpnive necessity of careful driving in thicklypopulated districts and on open highway, the Bureau of Research, Statistics and Traffic Safety of the California Highway aPtrol today anchildren, killed and 611. injured in California during 1930 by vehicles striking them while they played on the roadway. The figures show 25 per cent of all injured and 17 per cent of all killed in pedestrian accidents were children. In this connection the bureau called attention to sections of the law requiring motorists o drive a a speed not exceeding 15 miles an hour in school gones and to stop when school busses are taking on or discharging passengers. > Of 81,019 motor vehicle accidents in California, involving injury or deart during the year, 9198, or approximately 30 per cent involved collisions with pedestrians. These collisions resulted in death er injury to 9,627. persons. The actual deaths totaled 857, The injured totaled 8770. Over one-third of the pedestrian accidents occurred at intersections and about one-fourth were due to volved persons walking along the highways and streets. -0— LOCATION NOTICER— Quast aut sc cnemennenemnneeenrn nn arom ond community. and facilites . CALIFORNIA wor of Fal Rg Sn country, for an economic get-togeth-} nounced figures showing forty-two: ‘“jay-walking."* About 3: per cent inSTORM OUTWITTED BY REROUTING CIRCUITS Motorists who talk talk of detours should avoid telephone traffic engineers, else they wil! find themselves improvise at @ moment’s notice detours thousands of miles long. Furthermore, the traffic over the detours these engineers arrange gets there just as quickly as though it had taken, the direct route. . Barly winter sleet storms in North Dakota broke telephone and telemunications companies to providing temporary service and high speed repairs. When the Bell System line which carries the stream of Associated Press news fro mSt. -Paul,, Minn., to the teletypewriters of varieus North Dakota daily newspapers went down, telephone traffic engineers quickly employed other cirenit routings to circumvent the storm area. This first storm detour was bested in conversation with men who. graph pole lines and set the com-. comprised of a c via Denver, Colo., weat. employed, no matter required. —§. and into North Dakota Then another ania storm és Co rado impaired that circoitt ‘arity and a real. detour. into: North . Dakota was promptly set up. £his . detour circuit went more than @ thousand miles out-of the way to.des liver the news from. St. Pat Chicago, Amarillo, Tex., Sam Fran< cisco, Seattle and. back east. into North. Dakota. The round-about pathway gave the storm a .-wide enough berth and the service.to the newspapers was not interrupted.for . more than a total of two -hourg throughout the _neries of storms, The practice of supplying detours. to furnish emergency service whey the more direct . facilities are.impaired by storm or fire is the first, {step taken by the telephone company. If pathways are available, they, are how lengty and complicated a hook-up mey be . Nugget want ads get results. re Every farm needs a Telephone! YOU can't keep the intereats of a whole family inside of g 40-acre, or even & §0,000-acre fence! They have friends, neighbors, outside interwith neighbors on other facrm,— with friends in 2 K of AMERICA patronage is deeply appreciated The large group of prominent California citizens who govern the adtivities of this insticution are profoundly gratefull for the goodwill represented by the business of over 1,750,000. The evidence of this gratitude and appreciation is shown in interested, impartial service to all patrons regardless of wealth or position in the It is also demonstrated through constant cffort to improve the quality and charatter of the bank's service NEVADA erry BRANCH town and city. They're entitled to a telephone! You, too, will get value out of it. You'll keep, ia touch with markets. You'll save hours of time. ig a worth-while ment! invest’

. Fa Bgeeace EKER . REEE lif. ee ae Seiad MARCH 27, 1931 WHY BOUNDARES = ARE SO ECCENTRIC An explanation of: the eccentricities of state and national boundary lines and how they came about has Been, issued by the United States ‘Geological Survey. An accout of the way in which these boundaries have been determined, says the Survey, is a fascinating story that forms an essential part of the history of this country. The peculiar irregularities of some of the state boundaries are due to compromises made to adjust differenees between the representatives of the states T.he “Southwick Jog,” for example, which appears on the boundary between Connecticut and Massachusetts, was established. because in adjusting érrors in the boundary as previously run by compass a long ,narrow strip of land waa given to Connecticut and the “jog ceeded to Massachusetts was intended to be an equivalent area. ; Why the Missouri Panhandle The panhandle at the southeast corner of Missouri is said to.be the result of efforts of a prominent landowner to have his planaion included in the new state. The projection on the northern boundary of Minnesota,-which includes a land area of about 124 aquare miles separated from the main part of Minnesota by the Lake of the Woods, resulted from the use of inaccurate maps by the treaty makers, and has been described as a politico-geographical: curiosity of a boundary that a glance at the map will show, that no one could have foreseen, and that would be inexplicable without some knowledge of the steps in the process by which it was brought about.” — The Virginia charter of 1609 included the area extending west to the “South Sea”—that ig, the Pacific Ocean, called Mar Del Sur (south #ea) by Balboa in 1613, when he first saw it at a place where the ‘shore line runs aedriy east and west. Of eourse tn 1609 no éne knew how far away from the “South Sea’ was, and some of the other colonies had charters. stating. the same western Hmit. The historital diagrams given for most of the states show the original a@réa and the euecessive changes by reduction or additian. . Mason and Dixon Line Probably the most widely known boundary in the United States ia the Pennsylvania and ‘Maryiaia,” ‘run’ by’ two famous English Mathematicians in 1768-1767. Their. work was ‘stopped by Indians, but they had rua from the Delaware River to a point about 30 miles beyond the Hotthwest corner of Maryland. The accuracy of their survey fe shown by the fact that in aresurvey.130 years. later with eorner of Maryland differed only 180. feet from their position. ‘The original stones for 6-mile marks da this line were carved in Migiand from timestone and are still standing, with Lord Baltimore’s coat of arm s on the Maryland side and the Pean armg on the Pennsylvania side. The east-west part of the bounGary Island was for more than 200 years a matter of dispute that was sn some respects the most remarkable boundary question with which this country has had to ‘deal, Twice the question, went to the Supreme Court of the United Sates, and in one of hese suits Daniel Webster and Refus-Choate were employed ag coun-. ee) for Massachusetts. Choate; to {1-tustrate the indefiniteness of certain boundary lines, said before the Massachusetts Legislature: “The commissioners might as well have decided that the line between the States was bounded<on the north by a bramble bush, on the south by} a. blue jay, on the west by a hive of bees in swarming time, and on the east by five hundred foxes with fire} brands tied to their tails. Alaska Boundary Settlement The territory purchased from Rusaia in 1867 for $7,200,000 and then commonly called “Seward’s’ folly’ became of interest when its. wealth of mineral and other cesources was realized ,and parts of the boundary were questioned by the. Canadian authorities. The controversy Was settled in 1903 by a tribunal of six commissioners, three from: each country, A diagram in this bulletin shows that Alaska is by far our largest Doesession, covering 686,400 square miles, and anottier . Ulystration reVeal: the: interesting. thet the area of Alaska and the Aieulan Islands, if superimposed oa the United Atlantic the] b « Ocean near the line between Georgia ‘}and South Carolina, cross the Mexican boundary in sohthwestern New Mexico, and todch the Pacifi Ocean in southern California. . The highest point in North Ameria is Mount MKjoley in Alaska, 20,300feet above sea level. The Geologial Survey bulletin ontains a fiew of this mountain, also views of the highest and lowest points on earth, Dead Sea. The highest and lowest points in the United States outside of Alaska are both in California—Mount. Whitney ,14,496 feet above sea level, and Death Valley, 276 feet below sea level. These twa points are only 86 miles apart. Nearly 12,000 Miles of-Coast. The length of the tidal oast lines of the mainland of ontinental United States is 11,936 miles, and the total for the entire boundary, land and water, 17,936 miles. The asrount of these oddities of the boundary, is given in, ronsiderable detail in this Geologilal Survey publiration, Bulletin 817, entitled “Boundaries, areas, geographir centers, and altitudes of the United States and the several states, with a Dprief record of important changes in their territory and governient.”’ Edward M. Douglas is the author. This bulletin, which may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Wash., for 60 cents, contains 265 pages and numerous maps and other illustrations. It presents a large amount of pertinent information, including extracts from may of the treaties ad conventions by which the boudaries were established, a map showing routes of the principal explorers from 1501 to 1884, reproductions of two maps general statistics relating to the United States. It is not only a reference book, however, but is packed full of items that are of interest to every intelligent citizen. 0 INSPECT TIRES BEFORE _ STARTING ON LONG TRIP Tires should be dismounted from the rims and examined carefully for pebbles, glass, of other foreign material which they. may have picked up, before starting a long trip, advises the Free Emeregncy Road Service of the California State Automobile Association. Rims should be cleaned and given a coating of graphite pefore reassembling. Tire flaps should be examined because puncture are often caused by worn flaps permitting the casing to pinch the inner tube. Even a slightly worn flap Kshoutd be replaced by © new one. often accompanies it. Mount Everest and the shore of the} THE NEVADA.CITY SUGEET, “CALIFORNIA _ TREAS. JOHNSON SPEAKS ON ECONOMIC QUESTION SACRAMENTO, March 26.—The business barometer has an. upward tendency again according, to State Treasure Charles G. Johnson, who sees. it due to the mort foresighted and courageous business leaders, taking advantage of the opportunties made possible by the year or more of depression in commercial enterprise. Johnson. gave his views on _ the economic situation before a group of investiment brokers representing more than two billion in capital who eame here to bid on two state bond issues which the state treasure had up for sale. The interest of capital in _. the two issues, $4,000,000 in veterans’ welfare bonds, and $204,000 in state park bonds, is. in itself a healthy indication, Johnson pointed out. The National City Bank, offer-. ing a premium of $171,800, was the succesful bidder for the bands.

A period of business depression, Johnson told the financiers, may present a great opportunity for the people of a nation to take inventory of their resources, Recent events, he declared, indicated that the substantial business interests of the country, instead of bewailing their losses and bringing about reduced consumption through suspension of output, had made use of the opportunity to assess the possibilities and are now ready to go forward with increased momentum. “In many ways capital is its own worst enemy”, said Johnson, “through exercising a super-preservation during business depressions. True, bankers, building and loan officials and other investiments leaders are the main custodians of capital, but their reluctance to adopt new principals in meeting the demands if a depressed trade serves as a deterTent agency in re-establishing the ‘customer’s confidence in himself. “Despite the scattered blows against the finincial structure of the national and the State of California, in many cases by unscrupulous and dishonest financers, the finincal setup is {tact and awaits only real leader ship in sound economics to start the return wave of prosperity. “‘Agriculture and labor are bearing the brunt of this woeful lack of leadership, with the former under the heaviest burden since the depression of 1907. From 1923 to 1929, inclusive, productive and consumptive machinery were moving in. high gear with little thought of economie Protection te the farmers and taborers. * “High-geared.: selling siiceie the basie principles of thrift carried tradawit There’s a new. pieaant “Suff, ering? mint-flavored, tablet that relieves ordinary headache and neuralgia, muscular pains and functional pains. It’s excellent for —cold in the head—and for the sore throat “Mog? in American: securities: out “of Physicians have been writing prescriptions for 6 similar combination for years. The Dr. Miles Medical Company has standardized this well balanced formula and is glad to offer it in the form of a stable, palatable, mint-flavored tablet for heme Uae Punt See 18s. Regeln: Feciys Me R YOUR MC ONEY BACK States in true nerth-south position so @s to touch me ae -bou a & short distance whe Woods, wane ese tae mn ieeas FULL LINE AMERICAN AND SWEDISH DISHES GOOD MEALS AT ALL HOURSniin RESTAURANT MMUNGRY ADA CSE, GAS i the tevels. of conservatism, ‘snto fictitious values. without regard to earning power or inventory values. Diring this period of ‘“get-richquick” enthusiasm, the public did not Fecognize the need of inventory or self-yaluation, the only method of establishing true values. “There is a pregnant need, more than evr bfor in th history of th er. We need to bring inte closer cooperation the various agencies on whose activities true Prosperity reste if confidence ih to be rebuilt. Expenditures by national, state, county and municipal governments for publii works are only like cnaff in the wind of finanrial folly if the needs of avrihultore and labor are not relonciled and if capital does not extend itself in the development of these factors of progress and prosperity.” i ROADWAY MAKES POOR PLAYGROUND Illustrative of the “SS tha inpnive necessity of careful driving in thicklypopulated districts and on open highway, the Bureau of Research, Statistics and Traffic Safety of the California Highway aPtrol today anchildren, killed and 611. injured in California during 1930 by vehicles striking them while they played on the roadway. The figures show 25 per cent of all injured and 17 per cent of all killed in pedestrian accidents were children. In this connection the bureau called attention to sections of the law requiring motorists o drive a a speed not exceeding 15 miles an hour in school gones and to stop when school busses are taking on or discharging passengers. > Of 81,019 motor vehicle accidents in California, involving injury or deart during the year, 9198, or approximately 30 per cent involved collisions with pedestrians. These collisions resulted in death er injury to 9,627. persons. The actual deaths totaled 857, The injured totaled 8770. Over one-third of the pedestrian accidents occurred at intersections and about one-fourth were due to volved persons walking along the highways and streets. -0— LOCATION NOTICER— Quast aut sc cnemennenemnneeenrn nn arom ond community. and facilites . CALIFORNIA wor of Fal Rg Sn country, for an economic get-togeth-} nounced figures showing forty-two: ‘“jay-walking."* About 3: per cent inSTORM OUTWITTED BY REROUTING CIRCUITS Motorists who talk talk of detours should avoid telephone traffic engineers, else they wil! find themselves improvise at @ moment’s notice detours thousands of miles long. Furthermore, the traffic over the detours these engineers arrange gets there just as quickly as though it had taken, the direct route. . Barly winter sleet storms in North Dakota broke telephone and telemunications companies to providing temporary service and high speed repairs. When the Bell System line which carries the stream of Associated Press news fro mSt. -Paul,, Minn., to the teletypewriters of varieus North Dakota daily newspapers went down, telephone traffic engineers quickly employed other cirenit routings to circumvent the storm area. This first storm detour was bested in conversation with men who. graph pole lines and set the com-. comprised of a c via Denver, Colo., weat. employed, no matter required. —§. and into North Dakota Then another ania storm és Co rado impaired that circoitt ‘arity and a real. detour. into: North . Dakota was promptly set up. £his . detour circuit went more than @ thousand miles out-of the way to.des liver the news from. St.. Pat Chicago, Amarillo, Tex., Sam Fran< cisco, Seattle and. back east. into North. Dakota. The round-about pathway gave the storm a .-wide enough berth and the service.to the newspapers was not interrupted.for . more than a total of two -hourg throughout the _neries of storms, The practice of supplying detours. to furnish emergency service whey the more direct . facilities are.impaired by storm or fire is the first, {step taken by the telephone company. If pathways are available, they, are how lengty and complicated a hook-up mey be . Nugget want ads get results. re Every farm needs a Telephone! YOU can't keep the intereats of a whole family inside of g 40-acre, or even & §0,000-acre fence! They have friends, neighbors, outside interwith neighbors on other facrm,— with friends in 2 K of AMERICA patronage is deeply appreciated The large group of prominent California citizens who govern the adtivities of this insticution are profoundly gratefull for the goodwill represented by the business of over 1,750,000. The evidence of this gratitude and appreciation is shown in interested, impartial service to all patrons regardless of wealth or position in the It is also demonstrated through constant cffort to improve the quality and charatter of the bank's service NEVADA erry BRANCH town and city. They're entitled to a telephone! You, too, will get value out of it. You'll keep, ia touch with markets. You'll save hours of time. ig a worth-while ment! invest’