October 18, 1935 (8 pages)

tact PAGE TWO FRIDAY, OCTOBER . OG 193). . Nevada City Nugget 305 Broad Street. , Phene 36 ter of the second class in the postoffice at Nevada City., under Act of Congress,. March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES One year (in Advance) PA +, fe festa Poste ste stent é abe te dente oe teat stoateteatetentegeteoteateegeateotentefeatestenteateoteatentente ieeterteote eet eoteatesfeateatentetesteoteaieateofeate feat Heres One Chap That Likes Us Governor Francis of Missouri says: “Each year the local newspaper gives away from $5,000 to $10,000 in free lines to the community in which it is located. No other agent. can or wil! do this. The Editor, in proportion to his means, does more for his town than any other ten men, and .in. al! fairness he ought to be supported, not because you‘like or admire his writings, but because the local paper is the best investment a community can make. Today the editors of the local newspapers do the most for the least money of any people on earth.” Don’t Tax Gold (Contributed) It is currently reported that Governor Merriam’s admin: istration is urging a severance tax on all: natural resources including gold, as the solution of the state deficit which ha: to be met at the special session of the legislatrue in January Friends of gold mining in this state should make their voices heard now in opposition to what-amounts to a gross produc. tion tax on the output of California's gold mines. We under-. California has made stand that. 3% is the figure suggested. . many mistakes in its taxation policy in the past, but none of . them will compare with the mistake which it makes if it sing-] les out its natural resources, and particularly its gold, for dis-. _eriminatory taxation. privilege of extracting gold or other minerals, or cutting timland Any more than for the privilege of grow. grain? : _ber on his own ‘ing orchards or severance tax advocates that the the taxable value of the soil and a fallacy. The mineral producer, and willingness to risk his money a value where none existed beea The claim is made by mineral! producer exhausts 1 7 i should in a hazardous venture cr TN) i? 2] x ae or es . oer a fore; and so long as t L government obtains its taxable return therefrom in the form of property taxes, income taxes, and ‘sales taxes on everything that producer uses. When the value which the mineral producer has added to the surface value of the land by the, expenditure of his time, money, and enterprise, has been dissipated through the exhaustion of the mineral deposit; then indeed the land returns to its former value as non-mineral: land. But the government has not. suffered. It has received the proper taxes on the added value so long as that value existed. . That value existed only because of the possibility of extrac-j tion of the minerals in question: If the minerals were in the} land and incapable of being extracted, they would add no . value to it. Whythen should the mineral producer be singled out . for discriminatory taxation? If the state’s deficit must be met. it should not be met by discriminatory taxes, penalizing those ' in which the production of natural ' t tne i ' i \ { } \ 1 { } communities of the state resources is the principal industry. A tax program should be; adopted ‘which distributes the burden equitably among all. . Paticularly unfair is the proposal to include gold in the category of taxable minerals, because, while the gold miner adds to the wealth of the state and takes nothing from it, he cannot pass along to his sole customer, the United States Government, in the form of an addition to the price of gold, taxes which are levied on his output. Engaged in one of the most hazardous of all industrial enterprises from the standpoint of probability of return, the gold miner must resent the proposal Lent. It is expected that the snow now , Commercial PROPERTY POWWOWAT =. "wom in the old FFrench Corral diggings, will be a good sized lake of}! \ constructed . ' which A Legal Newspaper, as defined by statute. Printed and. Pub; os P lished at Nevada City. z .i water, for sluicing operations at the} 5 ‘ . > f BAD ; WEATHER property in the next few weeks. The . ; i 6 Pie Ts Pi TB ois nna cgotecy owner roses upssupesonsicetes Editor and Publisher * 4 entrance to the old tunnel’has been . 3 perth ‘ ca Dospite: the" ' , partly cemented in to hold water, a. : “* : er SZ es . “. rese a are f Fi Published Semi-weekly, Monday and Friday at % Lath s p a a nite? nt ii-} pump installed ,and an.engine is be: : : : Pi. re c VE sr ne é Ss : 1e : . ‘ Nevada City, California, and entered an mail mat-— @1 C’e™Me™ Weather tne: Brews 7e! the! ine set for operating the pumpé. % scout leaders pow wow to be held at Hector Decluwe is in charge. Messrs. Hanley, Bart and A. A. Wise of the bay district are operating the property. Mr. Wise is a mine broker. Pahatsi, October .19 “and. 20, are going ahead and from eyery seout community will be presCamp leaders on the ground will have disappearea by then. Indications point at least 30 scout leaders being present. James Barr, assistant scoutmaster of will Jrovide examples of scout games and methods. Russ Seley, scoutmaster of Apburn will preco Auburn Many are planning to come early on Saturday to look over camp or’ to ; : ‘ai oh as sent troop records. Cubbing will be ish.Plent ' ‘ : 1 i handled by Fred Knudsen formerly enty of venison is already on ‘ ‘ 2 cubmaster of Pack 1. Patrol funchand to provide buck stew as a@ sec 4 Sund x a i tioning, led by Sam Partridge, as ond Sunday meal. arty y eee Beetle : mE ste a er the . sistant scoutmaster at Grass Valley. leadership of ‘‘Klondike Ike seech. mr oop comiittes helps wil be ais er is planning to ‘furnish fish for BT nana by A= F. GCarveth, scoutmaste? planked trout feed. Saturday nig ie ‘ : : hee : shu j}at Auburn. Scout executive Harris plans will. be made. for the tenth . paws : ; y Ricksecker will give the latest annual rally and new ideas will be} : : Son of the new sénior couneil organizadiscussed for a different type of. ,. . ; : ‘ ltion and how to attain the scoutspring Camrporee. { . masters key. Karl Gates; scoutmaster of Loom Fred ‘Stephen, scoutmaster” at is, will have charge’ of the reorgan: . toseville who-is winter camp’ cook ization of the scout leaders. associa-{ 111) he on deck to prepare the meals tion and’ instruction in part one’ ot! poacn leader” is expected to eeree sa se cia atnae oe Scoutmastership-/ niankets and “eating tools.”’ and as ea adults interested in scouting Las possible. The program will start Saturday evening with a general picCubbing which ‘ture of the scout programs. ; scouting and. senior. scouts, starts at age 15. WPA HEAD HOPES 100.000 MEN AT WORK BY NOV. 15 “SAN. FRANCISCO, Oct. fornia’s $222,000,000 federal program was definitely launched on October 14 on a statewide 18.—Caliwork: Monday, basis with. the announcement of Frank Y. McLaughlin state WPA administrator, that 266 projects, totaling $3,154,298 have been released for immediate the 58 directors of to district exetution state’s in-—-—37 counties. ; Release of the projects to district directors, McLaughlin ‘pointed out, means that the last’ obstacle to the ; actual opening of work on the various programs approved has been overcome and. that’ funds are now available for putting men to Work on-a number of.these project: is already. under way and other projects are expected to be launched as rapidly as work contracts can be let district -directors. Of-the $222,000,000 to be expend‘approximately allotted to work. by ed in California, $122,000,000 the WPA: program, while maining $100,000,000 will be @pent on federally supervised projects. The President has approved Calihas .been fornia’s entire work. relief program . way ra the re. ** aanonaible for any costs in excess THE NEVADA CITY NUGG iene — — —= = A ST en eS ET 2 : ome m se aaa Seieiane FABER oN BL ews Seems ane FRENCH CORRAL GRAVEL Mions of’ dolars pen week, the entire ork program is gaining headnew w pidly, according to McLaugh: lin. McLaughlin re opinion that at least 190,000 men would be at work on California WPA projects before the middle of Nor and that the remaining 100,relief would have jobs cently expressed the vembe 000 men on ‘by the first of the year. ‘ Under the new WPA setup direct relief will be discontinued and those now on the dole will be absorbed on work projects at security or prevailing wages, depending upon the atof the: sponsoring agencies. titude The federal government several weeks ago authorized McLaughlin to establish security wages ranging from $40 to $94 for a 120 hour work month. In response demands that ¢ duéed to enable union men to earn prevailing wages, McLaughlin anwould leave the matter entirely the hands of the sponsoring agencies. aes hours a work to matically in the cost Laughlin. “We cannot approved by Washington. Therefore if any sponsoring agency desires. tc prevailing, rather than security to organized labor’s 120 hour month be renounced he in the, number. of required, to autoreduction’ in shall’ be security wages, increase man earn will result in an of. a. project,”’. said Mcexceed costs . wages, it will first be required to of. pay full guarantee that it will stand fer . and the Comptroller General in Washington has signed about $65,of those approved ‘in Washingtion.*’ 000,000 of the total amount of war. oaks merase rants that ultimately will be ree adm Baby se tumble against a LONed. by the Works. Progress; AdminERGAN Oil Heater and not be burnistration in this state. With funds ad. Lot us tell you why. aote Eilecbeing received at state WPA head-quarters at the rate of several mii/ “You look. like ‘a nice, sensible i girl. Let's get married.” \ SING; I’m just as sensible as’ 1 } look.” i ( s u t ; MUA iG It’s Meat three times a day that makes. him that way. MEAT BUY THE BEST AT Keystone Market NOTE OUR PRICES TRY OUR QUALITY WE DO NOT— UA ath RL SS SRR =e More QUAKER BURNOIL ‘' Heaters Are In Use Today Than All € == ae Na Type Combined. trical Co. hi thers of Their cit as w ToT rin, a wats a : = my r aust, airt, \ $/ UP Bs } ae ee the home witnout aol ’ Fe Be Me ee tub and Kerosene Ts at j 4 ia : 1ASLHONES ¢ ~We be WE WILL NOT Carry Anything But the Best Palatal tates oe Steaks, Chops, Roasts, Pot Roasts, Cold Meats, Sausages, Ham, Bacon CALANAN & RICHARDS Street, Nevada Phone City VSR 67 Pe GRASS. VALLEY ELECTRIC CO. 120 E. Main Street, Grass Valley Quaker Burnoil h ed in dollars alon The old-fashioned coal: stove with’ its ashes and drudgery is just, as is equally important to safeguard the health of your family with the uniform atures possible with the Quaker Burnoil beater,.as well.as to eliminate the drudgery and. inconvenience of the old. stove. the true value of a modern by its ability to SERVE BETTER: as. the horse and buggy,1) lamps. eater cannot be measure. It rust be appraised Phone 9 errhp phir pepe ah pint gaara ttm Th gat “FRANKIE GORDON AND HIS BAND”, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 19 RAINBOW GARDENS to still further penalize his courage and willingness to risk his capital and labor by discriminatory taxation. UNION HOTEL AND LUCCA CAFE; 50° Try Our Delicious Italian Lunches SES GSS Scum ay ecg vom ETN ere tiee ESP asa merce es Desa Raviola and Chicken 75° MA ee a Re CN ae amacalineean saree Lucca’s Special $1 00 Dinner COMPLETE BAR SERVICE BARAMBANI AND PANELLI, PROPRIETORS 220 MAIN STREET “NEVADA CITY PHONE 164 . Auto Repairs of Every Kind Nevada City Phone 133 128 Maia Street * Admission: Ladies 40c : Dancing Gents 60c : 9 til 3 ose she afe stents lest sfeolerte aboot tle tiene deste tere ertos sheotesiotesieoteelotobeleeleteteleiiedeietetoteiot ete hg $ % xd Og 4 eae ete te afesseate stele feafesfeafesteatesfeafeatesfesfesteaiesie te ”URURTUR URL RIGA LAER RURAL Phone 375 CLEANING © . i} . Men’s Suits, dresses, sweaters, anything. Quick efficient service both in cleaning and dyeing. Suits made to order. Showing fall fabrics now. Grass Valley Cleaners ED. BURTNER, PROP. Grass Valley Gold Medal GUERNSEY MILK That won highest award in California at State Fair 1931—-1932—1933 NEVADA CITY BRET HARTE DAIRY, U. S. N. Johnson, Proprietor PHONE 77 Let Nature ‘ Mild saline sulphur waters that will clear your system of the winters poisons, Lee Richardson, Richardson Springs, Butte Co Calif Guard You! cog Mee, 1231. Broad Street ~ "Nevada City sep Sete Teepe bap geaetecetete te apaetetetegegupeeebeboieedeaetepetegene tested, «Nev Cy Goorace./: nog : prvevada see S : Most Modern, Sientific Equip: . 4 Dice n _ f/f ment, Latest Methods, Expedi= SALES AND SERVICE : Soe , : Deg to Sight Servige Anythere Charles E. Mills : = . URL SREP ai aa LFF ARERR TERE v Ld > e ad 4 oa ~ i

tact PAGE TWO FRIDAY, OCTOBER . OG 193). . Nevada City Nugget 305 Broad Street. , Phene 36 ter of the second class in the postoffice at Nevada City., under Act of Congress,. March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES One year (in Advance) PA +, fe festa Poste ste stent é abe te dente oe teat stoateteatetentegeteoteateegeateotentefeatestenteateoteatentente ieeterteote eet eoteatesfeateatentetesteoteaieateofeate feat Heres One Chap That Likes Us Governor Francis of Missouri says: “Each year the local newspaper gives away from $5,000 to $10,000 in free lines to the community in which it is located. No other agent. can or wil! do this. The Editor, in proportion to his means, does more for his town than any other ten men, and .in. al! fairness he ought to be supported, not because you‘like or admire his writings, but because the local paper is the best investment a community can make. Today the editors of the local newspapers do the most for the least money of any people on earth.” Don’t Tax Gold (Contributed) It is currently reported that Governor Merriam’s admin: istration is urging a severance tax on all: natural resources including gold, as the solution of the state deficit which ha: to be met at the special session of the legislatrue in January Friends of gold mining in this state should make their voices heard now in opposition to what-amounts to a gross produc. tion tax on the output of California's gold mines. We under-. California has made stand that. 3% is the figure suggested. . many mistakes in its taxation policy in the past, but none of . them will compare with the mistake which it makes if it sing-] les out its natural resources, and particularly its gold, for dis-. _eriminatory taxation. privilege of extracting gold or other minerals, or cutting timland Any more than for the privilege of grow. grain? : _ber on his own ‘ing orchards or severance tax advocates that the the taxable value of the soil and a fallacy. The mineral producer, and willingness to risk his money a value where none existed beea The claim is made by mineral! producer exhausts 1 7 i should in a hazardous venture cr TN) i? 2] x ae or es . oer a fore; and so long as t L government obtains its taxable return therefrom in the form of property taxes, income taxes, and ‘sales taxes on everything that producer uses. When the value which the mineral producer has added to the surface value of the land by the, expenditure of his time, money, and enterprise, has been dissipated through the exhaustion of the mineral deposit; then indeed the land returns to its former value as non-mineral: land. But the government has not. suffered. It has received the proper taxes on the added value so long as that value existed. . That value existed only because of the possibility of extrac-j tion of the minerals in question: If the minerals were in the} land and incapable of being extracted, they would add no . value to it. Whythen should the mineral producer be singled out . for discriminatory taxation? If the state’s deficit must be met. it should not be met by discriminatory taxes, penalizing those ' in which the production of natural ' t tne i ' i \ { } \ 1 { } communities of the state resources is the principal industry. A tax program should be; adopted ‘which distributes the burden equitably among all. . Paticularly unfair is the proposal to include gold in the category of taxable minerals, because, while the gold miner adds to the wealth of the state and takes nothing from it, he cannot pass along to his sole customer, the United States Government, in the form of an addition to the price of gold, taxes which are levied on his output. Engaged in one of the most hazardous of all industrial enterprises from the standpoint of probability of return, the gold miner must resent the proposal Lent. It is expected that the snow now , Commercial PROPERTY POWWOWAT =. "wom in the old FFrench Corral diggings, will be a good sized lake of}! \ constructed . ' which A Legal Newspaper, as defined by statute. Printed and. Pub; os P lished at Nevada City. z .i water, for sluicing operations at the} 5 ‘ . > f BAD ; WEATHER property in the next few weeks. The . ; i 6 Pie Ts Pi TB ois nna cgotecy owner roses upssupesonsicetes Editor and Publisher * 4 entrance to the old tunnel’has been . 3 perth ‘ ca Dospite: the" ' , partly cemented in to hold water, a. : “* : er SZ es . “. rese a are f Fi Published Semi-weekly, Monday and Friday at % Lath s p a a nite? nt ii-} pump installed ,and an.engine is be: : : : Pi. re c VE sr ne é Ss : 1e : . ‘ Nevada City, California, and entered an mail mat-— @1 C’e™Me™ Weather tne: Brews 7e! the! ine set for operating the pumpé. % scout leaders pow wow to be held at Hector Decluwe is in charge. Messrs. Hanley, Bart and A. A. Wise of the bay district are operating the property. Mr. Wise is a mine broker. Pahatsi, October .19 “and. 20, are going ahead and from eyery seout community will be presCamp leaders on the ground will have disappearea by then. Indications point at least 30 scout leaders being present. James Barr, assistant scoutmaster of will Jrovide examples of scout games and methods. Russ Seley, scoutmaster of Apburn will preco Auburn Many are planning to come early on Saturday to look over camp or’ to ; : ‘ai oh as sent troop records. Cubbing will be ish.Plent ' ‘ : 1 i handled by Fred Knudsen formerly enty of venison is already on ‘ ‘ 2 cubmaster of Pack 1. Patrol funchand to provide buck stew as a@ sec 4 Sund x a i tioning, led by Sam Partridge, as ond Sunday meal. arty y eee Beetle : mE ste a er the . sistant scoutmaster at Grass Valley. leadership of ‘‘Klondike Ike seech. mr oop comiittes helps wil be ais er is planning to ‘furnish fish for BT nana by A= F. GCarveth, scoutmaste? planked trout feed. Saturday nig ie ‘ : : hee : shu j}at Auburn. Scout executive Harris plans will. be made. for the tenth . paws : ; y Ricksecker will give the latest annual rally and new ideas will be} : : Son of the new sénior couneil organizadiscussed for a different type of. ,. . ; : ‘ ltion and how to attain the scoutspring Camrporee. { . masters key. Karl Gates; scoutmaster of Loom Fred ‘Stephen, scoutmaster” at is, will have charge’ of the reorgan: . toseville who-is winter camp’ cook ization of the scout leaders. associa-{ 111) he on deck to prepare the meals tion and’ instruction in part one’ ot! poacn leader” is expected to eeree sa se cia atnae oe Scoutmastership-/ niankets and “eating tools.”’ and as ea adults interested in scouting Las possible. The program will start Saturday evening with a general picCubbing which ‘ture of the scout programs. ; scouting and. senior. scouts, starts at age 15. WPA HEAD HOPES 100.000 MEN AT WORK BY NOV. 15 “SAN. FRANCISCO, Oct. fornia’s $222,000,000 federal program was definitely launched on October 14 on a statewide 18.—Caliwork: Monday, basis with. the announcement of Frank Y. McLaughlin state WPA administrator, that 266 projects, totaling $3,154,298 have been released for immediate the 58 directors of to district exetution state’s in-—-—37 counties. ; Release of the projects to district directors, McLaughlin ‘pointed out, means that the last’ obstacle to the ; actual opening of work on the various programs approved has been overcome and. that’ funds are now available for putting men to Work on-a number of.these project: is already. under way and other projects are expected to be launched as rapidly as work contracts can be let district -directors. Of-the $222,000,000 to be expend‘approximately allotted to work. by ed in California, $122,000,000 the WPA: program, while maining $100,000,000 will be @pent on federally supervised projects. The President has approved Calihas .been fornia’s entire work. relief program . way ra the re. ** aanonaible for any costs in excess THE NEVADA CITY NUGG iene — — —= = A ST en eS ET 2 : ome m se aaa Seieiane FABER oN BL ews Seems ane FRENCH CORRAL GRAVEL Mions of’ dolars pen week, the entire ork program is gaining headnew w pidly, according to McLaugh: lin. McLaughlin re opinion that at least 190,000 men would be at work on California WPA projects before the middle of Nor and that the remaining 100,relief would have jobs cently expressed the vembe 000 men on ‘by the first of the year. ‘

Under the new WPA setup direct relief will be discontinued and those now on the dole will be absorbed on work projects at security or prevailing wages, depending upon the atof the: sponsoring agencies. titude The federal government several weeks ago authorized McLaughlin to establish security wages ranging from $40 to $94 for a 120 hour work month. In response demands that ¢ duéed to enable union men to earn prevailing wages, McLaughlin anwould leave the matter entirely the hands of the sponsoring agencies. aes hours a work to matically in the cost Laughlin. “We cannot approved by Washington. Therefore if any sponsoring agency desires. tc prevailing, rather than security to organized labor’s 120 hour month be renounced he in the, number. of required, to autoreduction’ in shall’ be security wages, increase man earn will result in an of. a. project,”’. said Mcexceed costs . wages, it will first be required to of. pay full guarantee that it will stand fer . and the Comptroller General in Washington has signed about $65,of those approved ‘in Washingtion.*’ 000,000 of the total amount of war. oaks merase rants that ultimately will be ree adm Baby se tumble against a LONed. by the Works. Progress; AdminERGAN Oil Heater and not be burnistration in this state. With funds ad. Lot us tell you why. aote Eilecbeing received at state WPA head-quarters at the rate of several mii/ “You look. like ‘a nice, sensible i girl. Let's get married.” \ SING; I’m just as sensible as’ 1 } look.” i ( s u t ; MUA iG It’s Meat three times a day that makes. him that way. MEAT BUY THE BEST AT Keystone Market NOTE OUR PRICES TRY OUR QUALITY WE DO NOT— UA ath RL SS SRR =e More QUAKER BURNOIL ‘' Heaters Are In Use Today Than All € == ae Na Type Combined. trical Co. hi thers of Their cit as w ToT rin, a wats a : = my r aust, airt, \ $/ UP Bs } ae ee the home witnout aol ’ Fe Be Me ee tub and Kerosene Ts at j 4 ia : 1ASLHONES ¢ ~We be WE WILL NOT Carry Anything But the Best Palatal tates oe Steaks, Chops, Roasts, Pot Roasts, Cold Meats, Sausages, Ham, Bacon CALANAN & RICHARDS Street, Nevada Phone City VSR 67 Pe GRASS. VALLEY ELECTRIC CO. 120 E. Main Street, Grass Valley Quaker Burnoil h ed in dollars alon The old-fashioned coal: stove with’ its ashes and drudgery is just, as is equally important to safeguard the health of your family with the uniform atures possible with the Quaker Burnoil beater,.as well.as to eliminate the drudgery and. inconvenience of the old. stove. the true value of a modern by its ability to SERVE BETTER: as. the horse and buggy,1) lamps. eater cannot be measure. It rust be appraised Phone 9 errhp phir pepe ah pint gaara ttm Th gat “FRANKIE GORDON AND HIS BAND”, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 19 RAINBOW GARDENS to still further penalize his courage and willingness to risk his capital and labor by discriminatory taxation. UNION HOTEL AND LUCCA CAFE; 50° Try Our Delicious Italian Lunches SES GSS Scum ay ecg vom ETN ere tiee ESP asa merce es Desa Raviola and Chicken 75° MA ee a Re CN ae amacalineean saree Lucca’s Special $1 00 Dinner COMPLETE BAR SERVICE BARAMBANI AND PANELLI, PROPRIETORS 220 MAIN STREET “NEVADA CITY PHONE 164 . Auto Repairs of Every Kind Nevada City Phone 133 128 Maia Street * Admission: Ladies 40c : Dancing Gents 60c : 9 til 3 ose she afe stents lest sfeolerte aboot tle tiene deste tere ertos sheotesiotesieoteelotobeleeleteteleiiedeietetoteiot ete hg $ % xd Og 4 eae ete te afesseate stele feafesfeafesteatesfeafeatesfesfesteaiesie te ”URURTUR URL RIGA LAER RURAL Phone 375 CLEANING © . i} . Men’s Suits, dresses, sweaters, anything. Quick efficient service both in cleaning and dyeing. Suits made to order. Showing fall fabrics now. Grass Valley Cleaners ED. BURTNER, PROP. Grass Valley Gold Medal GUERNSEY MILK That won highest award in California at State Fair 1931—-1932—1933 NEVADA CITY BRET HARTE DAIRY, U. S. N. Johnson, Proprietor PHONE 77 Let Nature ‘ Mild saline sulphur waters that will clear your system of the winters poisons, Lee Richardson, Richardson Springs, Butte Co Calif Guard You! cog Mee, 1231. Broad Street ~ "Nevada City sep Sete Teepe bap geaetecetete te apaetetetegegupeeebeboieedeaetepetegene tested, «Nev Cy Goorace./: nog : prvevada see S : Most Modern, Sientific Equip: . 4 Dice n _ f/f ment, Latest Methods, Expedi= SALES AND SERVICE : Soe , : Deg to Sight Servige Anythere Charles E. Mills : = . URL SREP ai aa LFF ARERR TERE v Ld > e ad 4 oa ~ i