August 6, 1959 (6 pages)

ber of California poultrymen that their focks were suffering laryngo tracheitis (LT) epidmics following routine vaccinatos for that disease, Dr. L. G. Raggi of the School of Veteriary Medicine on Davis campus. investigated .the trouble. Raggi’s analysis of four commonly-used commercial LT vaceines revealed that one was definitely low in virus. The suspect vaccine was only 1/10,000 the strength of most LT vaccines. — “LT vaccines with low virus concentrations are not only ineffective but also dangerous,” theorized the Davis veterinarian. “Qur work indicates that such a vaccine is too weak to fully protect all chickens in a flock, but still contains enough virus to immunize a few birds. These few birds -that show vaccination -*takes’ may then throw off virus to susceptible penmates and thus start a true outbreak of LT.” LT vaccines are fully infectious, explained Rabbi. The effect-’ iveness of vaccination in face of an outbreak depends on the outcome of “a race between the virus causing the outbreak andthe vaceine virus.” In his report, presented before the Western Poultry Congress at Fresno, held June 23-25, Raggi emphasized that only one of all the commercial vaccines tested proved weak. Vaccniation against LT is still recommended in areas threatened by the risease,” he said. “The majority of commercial LT vaccines appear to be satisfactory.” tory.” Raggi added that vaccine failures may not account for all the post-vaccination LT outbreaks. One possibility is an extremely crowded vaccination schedule, where. birds are given vaccinations one right after the other for a numberof diseases. ith its natural resistance weakened by this succession of vaccinations, the birds finally succumb to the final dose of LT vaccine. Another theoretical possibility is the rpesence of a variant strain of the LT virus in a vaccine; in this case the vaccine would not offer good cross-protection. However, said Raggi, no such variants had been found in this state. Raggi also told the poultrymen of his recent investigation of the effect of an LT vaccine on egg production and quality. Vaccination by the usual route did not affect either production or qualMaster’s Degree In English Now Offered A master’s degree in English is now being offered at the University of California, Davis. Fields: gf advanced study include English and American literature and language and the techniques of identifying and evaluating important literary works, according to Robert A. Wiggins, acting chairman of the Department of English, Dramatic Art, and Speech. Work for the,degree can be completéd in one year of fulltime studies, said Wiggins, or in a longer period for part-time students by taking evening or late afternoon classes along with summer session courses. A’ student can also earn a master’s degree in English along with a teaching credential. This will take between one and two years, said Wiggins. Seven new graduate seminars have been added to the list of s extensive tests of all commercial uT vaccines used in California. Tree Farm Tips By KNOX MARSHALL Forest Engineer, Western: Pine Association Wild fires in your’ woods are always expensive and during the stand of light fuels, grasses and low brush as holdover from last year. These ground ! ; level fuels provide two’ ingrediMust ¥or Vegetables ents pointing to disaster should a fire get started. forest fires m This calls for a lot of cooperation between you and your friends and neighbors. Education can play a big part in this job, so you might well consider participation in fire prevention programs and spread the word to keep) the forests of California green: other equipment ready for fires during the critical season. Sooner or later almost every landowner is threatned with fire woods. By being prepared you can keep the damage to your own acreage low, ifand when fire starts, est fire protection. In many cases, permanent firebreaks are advisable. Cut your woodland areas, varying the size of the acreage by terrain and composition of the stand. In young forests you might want to make these areas as small as 10 acres each. stays clear of pine needles, leaves, bushes and other plants that will burn when dry. And don’t depend on the firebreak to go the whole job—it’s just a rally point from which to fight the main blaze.easily by one man with garden tools, a shovel or other light hand equipment with relatively little damage. If the fire is too large to handle by yourself when you spot it, locate the fire accurately and then’ contact your local fire department of the California Division of Forestry ranger. local fire control agency now and show the around over your acreage. Then when an emergency arises they will know just which roads go to the fire and which don’t. In some communities” mutual fire protection and suppression organizations have equipped vehicles for fighthing rural fires. But don’t wait_for the arrival of help; you know your own acreage better than anybody and can probably predict just what a fire wilt do. rectional road signs for firefighters and, about all, notify your neighbors whether their farms coming months, they can cause almost irrepairable._.damage to tree farm acreage. Precipitation in California is far below that normally expected. In addition we have a heavy such as One of the best ways to fight to prevent them. Always keep your tools and in his Firelines are basic to good forinto Be certain that your firebreak Frequently, fires can be stopped It might be well to contact the ranger or warden commercial ¢ short-lived, pointed out Raggi, report of a University of Caliand egg quality and production ‘returned to normal as soon as the ‘ollowing compl of a numbirds recovered from the attack. re ped '. The Davis scientist plans more placed from the seeds. freé ammonia should be placed larly. true when fertilizers are being applied at low rates: When banded, more of the material is placed where ‘the germinating seeds can use it for fast growth in the early stages. material there seems to be no difference between the wet and dry forms. recent California Fertilizer Conference on the Davis campus. Trinity Russian scene. More than 8 Moscow displays dife._. the Great Russian Balalaika Orches reate science and research, art, tra , theater a wis a tite production, . nutrient . root Sokol. evelopment, and quality of feed “ RY on primitive produced will be checked-in the is expected to be h its new Holy hd, members of sant pastoral to visit the Gustry, education, and community spo Proper N iirieée Use’ ment for plant growth, can be very harmful--to vegetable seedlings unless it is carefully placed in the beds, warns a University of California __ vegetable crops specialist, Germination of seeds can be reduced considerably by placing the fertilizer too close to the seeds, said Oscar A. Lorenz, vice chairman of the vegetable crops department at Rivérside. The nitrogen is usually less harmful when placed along the shoulder seed row. Placement in the center of the bed may be too far away. The watersolubility of ‘the fertilizer is very important in determining where to place the fertilizer, said Lorenz. The more soluble and more mobile the material, the farther it should be Forms of nitrogen that contain six to eight inches away from and the same distance beneath the seed rows. Nitrate forms can be placed two to three inches to the. side and an equal depth. beneath the seeds. Band-placements of the fertilizer in most areas are more advantageous tha nbroadcast applications, he said. This is particuWhen the same nitrogen source is used, said Lorenz, Lorenz was a speaker at the “Nitrogen, that necessary ele-. _, viticulture on the Davis campus, will present two new varieties, Royalty and Rubired. These grapes, bred as improved replacements for the standard Alicante Bouschet and Salvador varieties, are intended for port wine and color use, Olmo said. ‘ af the bed rather than under thé . Day audishie-are-two new table grape varieties that are attracting interest. Theses are July Muscat “and Gold, which Olmo expects to see grow into large plantings in a year or two. He described July Muscat as a Muscat type with a firm berry, expected to ship better than the folder varieties. Gold is a midseason grape’ with a slight Museat flavor arid a yellowish color when ripe, © registration at 9 a.m. in the university’s experimental vineyard, on the Davis campus, south of U. S.Highway 40. The program. will start at. 10. Demonstrations and talks by; Davis. viticulturists will make up most of the pro-+ gram, ‘Sponso ‘ ment of Vitiey fire and Enology. S.F. Farm Mart To Mark Anniversary operated Farmers Market will mark its 16th anniversary August 12, The Market is located on Alemany Boulevard, near Bayshore Freeway. built by William II in 1099, . TS can. see new vaon the vine and lifornia’s 1959 Grape ay, August 20, at _Harold ® Oimo, professor of Also to be shown to the Gra different plots, _ Milton B. . omist, says the information will -help tell how efficiently fertilizer is used by different Species, and how pastures can be-grazed and fertilized to favor the growth ‘of such desirable species as harding grass and soft chess. The study may also produce information that will lead.to better controls for such undesirable weedy species as medusa head. Jones. says answers to the following questions will be sought in the tests: What is the effect on total production and feed quality of clipping soft chess, or other species, during the growing séason? Is the response of the grass to fertilization changed by the number of clippings? How is fertilizer carry-over into the following year affected by the clipping treatments? What is the relationship between clipping-fertilization management and root growth? Do the treatments affect seed production? As rangelands are used more intensively, Jones pionts out, such information will become important in maintaining the nation’s food supply. _ . = i More than 4%are miles of the heart of San Francisco was destroyed by fire following the April, 1906, earthquake. Grape Day will begin with . by the Depart‘hte . of depot property. The wholesale . eommission industry must. relocate to make way for the Golden Gateway redevelopment project. . . The capital of Madagascar is Tananarive. Shrinks _ Without For the first time science has found,® new healing substance with the as" tonishing ity to shrink hemor. rhoids and to relieve pain — without . surgery. In case after case, whilegently relieving pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. Most amazing of all—results were ao thorough that sufferers made astonishing statements like “Piles have ceased to be a problem!” The-stcret is a new healing substance (Bio-Dyne*)—discovery of a world-famous research institute. This substance is now available in suppository or ointment form . called Preparation H.*At all d counters—money back guarantee. DIAMONDS: WATCHES © SILVERWARE _ And many other EXPERT WATCH AND JEWELRY REPAIRING Experienced * gs Sacramento Stree Counsel IN YOUR TIME OF NEED We offer you friendly, sympathetic ‘help with attention to the details that mean so much. We strive to give everyone the finest—no matter how much or how little they spend. Call us day or night. We are always ready to serve. BERGEMANN FUNERAL CHAPEL J. PAUL BERGEMANN guely Holmes Funeral Home) Phone 203 Nevada‘ City24 HOUR AMBULANCE SERVICE San Franeisco’s’ municipally London’s Westminster Hall was Specially Locate water holes, post diand sparks have either burned out or Have been watered out. One tiny spark can~start the whole thing over again. fires, And it takes time to get tractors and other equipment in to the woods and on the fire line. When you see-a fire, get on it right away with whatever tools are available. of fire yourself. Do not burn on hot, Time is -important in forest Above all, always be careful dry, windy days. Check FIRST: COMPLETE Complete, ready to go CHAIN SAW Under $100.00 pA and ranches are threatened by the fire or not. Work ahead of the fire if possible and try to stop it from local burning conditions and regulations with the local fire warden when you pick up your burning permit. Permits are required during fire season. Remember always that in California more Join. the Throng Satisfied Customers. _for the Best. Ready, Eager and Willing to Make You Happy. For Space in This Directory ~ Phone N. C. 36 oo of Happy, Look to us . ee spreading. If it is too hot to fight directly, fall back.to a road, firebreak or other natural barrier and try to hold it. control keep patrolling the lines until you are sure that all flames When a fire i® finally under courses available for students working for the master’s degree. These include readings in Middle English, American literature, and literature of the 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Four new undergraduate courses have also been added for honor students of junior and senior standing. This brings the total number of undergraduate courses ACHING MUSCLES Relieve pains of tired, sore, aching muscles with STANBACK, tablets or powders. STANBACK acts fast to bring comforting relief . . . because the STANBACK formula combines, several prescription type ingredients for fast relief of pain. to 35, FOR THE : FAMILY Stop on Highway 99E AT 5th STREET OT aS" Be ee OTEL MARYSVILLE ! Room Free for Children — PLAN . o~ than half of all woodland fires are started by someone’s carelessness, g Alta Street and Ridge Road . Phone 973., _ € alley ei. > Because the Fielding _ downtown from Union Square and hotel at moderate rates. fg at the F telding Hot Ff San Francisco?_24« & been completely redecorated —# oR from top to bottom. Located ~ — only 1 blochk=— blocks to Air Terminal, Complete hotel service day and night. A “Top-flight”’RESTAUTANTS ‘LDII OWN © GEARY at . hasz 1 Only fily $3.00 Per Year . GUTTER AND CHIMNEY , _ CLEANING SUBSCRIBE FOR The Nugget PLASTERING CEMENT WORK Alta Hill Garage Sheet. Metal Work aoe No job too big. N ! ! ~Phone NC. 288° Fane gad Ridge eve JACK WOERNER, . Phone’ Grass Valley 973 Nevada City [-xew: gust mm Home Laundry . Huffy Power Mower LAUNDRY AND — ee DRY CLEANING 7 oe from .____. $46.95 up . 940 Houlder Since” . Foote Electrical Co. Nevada City _ Phone 491 . 519 Alta St. Phone GV 122 We Specialize In Daneing Every Friday and . BLAZES © 4 EAGER BEAVER Invites You ©alla ae

ber of California poultrymen that their focks were suffering laryngo tracheitis (LT) epidmics following routine vaccinatos for that disease, Dr. L. G. Raggi of the School of Veteriary Medicine on Davis campus. investigated .the trouble. Raggi’s analysis of four commonly-used commercial LT vaceines revealed that one was definitely low in virus. The suspect vaccine was only 1/10,000 the strength of most LT vaccines. — “LT vaccines with low virus concentrations are not only ineffective but also dangerous,” theorized the Davis veterinarian. “Qur work indicates that such a vaccine is too weak to fully protect all chickens in a flock, but still contains enough virus to immunize a few birds. These few birds -that show vaccination -*takes’ may then throw off virus to susceptible penmates and thus start a true outbreak of LT.” LT vaccines are fully infectious, explained Rabbi. The effect-’ iveness of vaccination in face of an outbreak depends on the outcome of “a race between the virus causing the outbreak andthe vaceine virus.” In his report, presented before the Western Poultry Congress at Fresno, held June 23-25, Raggi emphasized that only one of all the commercial vaccines tested proved weak. Vaccniation against LT is still recommended in areas threatened by the risease,” he said. “The majority of commercial LT vaccines appear to be satisfactory.” tory.” Raggi added that vaccine failures may not account for all the post-vaccination LT outbreaks. One possibility is an extremely crowded vaccination schedule, where. birds are given vaccinations one right after the other for a numberof diseases. ith its natural resistance weakened by this succession of vaccinations, the birds finally succumb to the final dose of LT vaccine. Another theoretical possibility is the rpesence of a variant strain of the LT virus in a vaccine; in this case the vaccine would not offer good cross-protection. However, said Raggi, no such variants had been found in this state. Raggi also told the poultrymen of his recent investigation of the effect of an LT vaccine on egg production and quality. Vaccination by the usual route did not affect either production or qualMaster’s Degree In English Now Offered A master’s degree in English is now being offered at the University of California, Davis. Fields: gf advanced study include English and American literature and language and the techniques of identifying and evaluating important literary works, according to Robert A. Wiggins, acting chairman of the Department of English, Dramatic Art, and Speech. Work for the,degree can be completéd in one year of fulltime studies, said Wiggins, or in a longer period for part-time students by taking evening or late afternoon classes along with summer session courses. A’ student can also earn a master’s degree in English along with a teaching credential. This will take between one and two years, said Wiggins. Seven new graduate seminars have been added to the list of s extensive tests of all commercial uT vaccines used in California. Tree Farm Tips By KNOX MARSHALL Forest Engineer, Western: Pine Association Wild fires in your’ woods are always expensive and during the stand of light fuels, grasses and low brush as holdover from last year. These ground ! ; level fuels provide two’ ingrediMust ¥or Vegetables ents pointing to disaster should a fire get started. forest fires m This calls for a lot of cooperation between you and your friends and neighbors. Education can play a big part in this job, so you might well consider participation in fire prevention programs and spread the word to keep) the forests of California green: other equipment ready for fires during the critical season. Sooner or later almost every landowner is threatned with fire woods. By being prepared you can keep the damage to your own acreage low, ifand when fire starts, est fire protection. In many cases, permanent firebreaks are advisable. Cut your woodland areas, varying the size of the acreage by terrain and composition of the stand. In young forests you might want to make these areas as small as 10 acres each. stays clear of pine needles, leaves, bushes and other plants that will burn when dry. And don’t depend on the firebreak to go the whole job—it’s just a rally point from which to fight the main blaze.easily by one man with garden tools, a shovel or other light hand equipment with relatively little damage. If the fire is too large to handle by yourself when you spot it, locate the fire accurately and then’ contact your local fire department of the California Division of Forestry ranger. local fire control agency now and show the around over your acreage. Then when an emergency arises they will know just which roads go to the fire and which don’t. In some communities” mutual fire protection and suppression organizations have equipped vehicles for fighthing rural fires. But don’t wait_for the arrival of help; you know your own acreage better than anybody and can probably predict just what a fire wilt do. rectional road signs for firefighters and, about all, notify your neighbors whether their farms coming months, they can cause almost irrepairable._.damage to tree farm acreage. Precipitation in California is far below that normally expected. In addition we have a heavy such as One of the best ways to fight to prevent them. Always keep your tools and in his Firelines are basic to good forinto Be certain that your firebreak Frequently, fires can be stopped It might be well to contact the ranger or warden commercial ¢ short-lived, pointed out Raggi, report of a University of Caliand egg quality and production ‘returned to normal as soon as the ‘ollowing compl of a numbirds recovered from the attack. re ped '. The Davis scientist plans more placed from the seeds. freé ammonia should be placed larly. true when fertilizers are being applied at low rates: When banded, more of the material is placed where ‘the germinating seeds can use it for fast growth in the early stages. material there seems to be no difference between the wet and dry forms. recent California Fertilizer Conference on the Davis campus. Trinity Russian scene. More than 8 Moscow displays dife._. the Great Russian Balalaika Orches reate science and research, art, tra , theater a wis a tite production, . nutrient . root Sokol. evelopment, and quality of feed “ RY on primitive produced will be checked-in the is expected to be h its new Holy hd, members of sant pastoral to visit the Gustry, education, and community spo Proper N iirieée Use’ ment for plant growth, can be very harmful--to vegetable seedlings unless it is carefully placed in the beds, warns a University of California __ vegetable crops specialist, Germination of seeds can be reduced considerably by placing the fertilizer too close to the seeds, said Oscar A. Lorenz, vice chairman of the vegetable crops department at Rivérside. The nitrogen is usually less harmful when placed along the shoulder seed row. Placement in the center of the bed may be too far away. The watersolubility of ‘the fertilizer is very important in determining where to place the fertilizer, said Lorenz. The more soluble and more mobile the material, the farther it should be Forms of nitrogen that contain six to eight inches away from and the same distance beneath the seed rows. Nitrate forms can be placed two to three inches to the. side and an equal depth. beneath the seeds. Band-placements of the fertilizer in most areas are more advantageous tha nbroadcast applications, he said. This is particuWhen the same nitrogen source is used, said Lorenz, Lorenz was a speaker at the “Nitrogen, that necessary ele-. _, viticulture on the Davis campus, will present two new varieties, Royalty and Rubired. These grapes, bred as improved replacements for the standard Alicante Bouschet and Salvador varieties,

are intended for port wine and color use, Olmo said. ‘ af the bed rather than under thé . Day audishie-are-two new table grape varieties that are attracting interest. Theses are July Muscat “and Gold, which Olmo expects to see grow into large plantings in a year or two. He described July Muscat as a Muscat type with a firm berry, expected to ship better than the folder varieties. Gold is a midseason grape’ with a slight Museat flavor arid a yellowish color when ripe, © registration at 9 a.m. in the university’s experimental vineyard, on the Davis campus, south of U. S.Highway 40. The program. will start at. 10. Demonstrations and talks by; Davis. viticulturists will make up most of the pro-+ gram, ‘Sponso ‘ ment of Vitiey fire and Enology. S.F. Farm Mart To Mark Anniversary operated Farmers Market will mark its 16th anniversary August 12, The Market is located on Alemany Boulevard, near Bayshore Freeway. built by William II in 1099, . TS can. see new vaon the vine and lifornia’s 1959 Grape ay, August 20, at _Harold ® Oimo, professor of Also to be shown to the Gra different plots, _ Milton B. . omist, says the information will -help tell how efficiently fertilizer is used by different Species, and how pastures can be-grazed and fertilized to favor the growth ‘of such desirable species as harding grass and soft chess. The study may also produce information that will lead.to better controls for such undesirable weedy species as medusa head. Jones. says answers to the following questions will be sought in the tests: What is the effect on total production and feed quality of clipping soft chess, or other species, during the growing séason? Is the response of the grass to fertilization changed by the number of clippings? How is fertilizer carry-over into the following year affected by the clipping treatments? What is the relationship between clipping-fertilization management and root growth? Do the treatments affect seed production? As rangelands are used more intensively, Jones pionts out, such information will become important in maintaining the nation’s food supply. _ . = i More than 4%are miles of the heart of San Francisco was destroyed by fire following the April, 1906, earthquake. Grape Day will begin with . by the Depart‘hte . of depot property. The wholesale . eommission industry must. relocate to make way for the Golden Gateway redevelopment project. . . The capital of Madagascar is Tananarive. Shrinks _ Without For the first time science has found,® new healing substance with the as" tonishing ity to shrink hemor. rhoids and to relieve pain — without . surgery. In case after case, whilegently relieving pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. Most amazing of all—results were ao thorough that sufferers made astonishing statements like “Piles have ceased to be a problem!” The-stcret is a new healing substance (Bio-Dyne*)—discovery of a world-famous research institute. This substance is now available in suppository or ointment form . called Preparation H.*At all d counters—money back guarantee. DIAMONDS: WATCHES © SILVERWARE _ And many other EXPERT WATCH AND JEWELRY REPAIRING Experienced * gs Sacramento Stree Counsel IN YOUR TIME OF NEED We offer you friendly, sympathetic ‘help with attention to the details that mean so much. We strive to give everyone the finest—no matter how much or how little they spend. Call us day or night. We are always ready to serve. BERGEMANN FUNERAL CHAPEL J. PAUL BERGEMANN guely Holmes Funeral Home) Phone 203 Nevada‘ City24 HOUR AMBULANCE SERVICE San Franeisco’s’ municipally London’s Westminster Hall was Specially Locate water holes, post diand sparks have either burned out or Have been watered out. One tiny spark can~start the whole thing over again. fires, And it takes time to get tractors and other equipment in to the woods and on the fire line. When you see-a fire, get on it right away with whatever tools are available. of fire yourself. Do not burn on hot, Time is -important in forest Above all, always be careful dry, windy days. Check FIRST: COMPLETE Complete, ready to go CHAIN SAW Under $100.00 pA and ranches are threatened by the fire or not. Work ahead of the fire if possible and try to stop it from local burning conditions and regulations with the local fire warden when you pick up your burning permit. Permits are required during fire season. Remember always that in California more Join. the Throng Satisfied Customers. _for the Best. Ready, Eager and Willing to Make You Happy. For Space in This Directory ~ Phone N. C. 36 oo of Happy, Look to us . ee spreading. If it is too hot to fight directly, fall back.to a road, firebreak or other natural barrier and try to hold it. control keep patrolling the lines until you are sure that all flames When a fire i® finally under courses available for students working for the master’s degree. These include readings in Middle English, American literature, and literature of the 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Four new undergraduate courses have also been added for honor students of junior and senior standing. This brings the total number of undergraduate courses ACHING MUSCLES Relieve pains of tired, sore, aching muscles with STANBACK, tablets or powders. STANBACK acts fast to bring comforting relief . . . because the STANBACK formula combines, several prescription type ingredients for fast relief of pain. to 35, FOR THE : FAMILY Stop on Highway 99E AT 5th STREET OT aS" Be ee OTEL MARYSVILLE ! Room Free for Children — PLAN . o~ than half of all woodland fires are started by someone’s carelessness, g Alta Street and Ridge Road . Phone 973., _ € alley ei. > Because the Fielding _ downtown from Union Square and hotel at moderate rates. fg at the F telding Hot Ff San Francisco?_24« & been completely redecorated —# oR from top to bottom. Located ~ — only 1 blochk=— blocks to Air Terminal, Complete hotel service day and night. A “Top-flight”’RESTAUTANTS ‘LDII OWN © GEARY at . hasz 1 Only fily $3.00 Per Year . GUTTER AND CHIMNEY , _ CLEANING SUBSCRIBE FOR The Nugget PLASTERING CEMENT WORK Alta Hill Garage Sheet. Metal Work aoe No job too big. N ! ! ~Phone NC. 288° Fane gad Ridge eve JACK WOERNER, . Phone’ Grass Valley 973 Nevada City [-xew: gust mm Home Laundry . Huffy Power Mower LAUNDRY AND — ee DRY CLEANING 7 oe from .____. $46.95 up . 940 Houlder Since” . Foote Electrical Co. Nevada City _ Phone 491 . 519 Alta St. Phone GV 122 We Specialize In Daneing Every Friday and . BLAZES © 4 EAGER BEAVER Invites You ©alla ae