February 11, 1960 (6 pages)

212 W. Main Street Commercial Street Grass Valley, California Nevada City, California ‘ Telephone 1136 Telephone 36 JOHN D. TRUSCOTT -Publisher GERALD B. WALLACE Editor Entered December 5, 1926, as second class matter at the post office at Nevada City, California, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. Adjudicated a legal newspaper November 6, 1951, in Nevada County Superior Court, Decree No. 10023. Subscription: Yearly $3.00; Six Months $1.75 Advertising Rates on Request NO SQUAWKS DURING WINTER GAMES California will be host next week (February 18,28) to the winter sports athletes of the world, who have come to the state to participate in the VIII Olympic Winter Games in Squaw Valley. ; More than 800 men and women from 33 countries are expected to compete in dozens of skiing and skating events designed to test their skill, speed and stamina, from which world champions will emerge. It should be a marvelous experience for the estimated 85,000 spectators who are lucky enough to witness each day’s events and, barring bad luck, the Games should earn California a permanent place in the forefront of winter sports areas of the world. While there is much criticism as to the wisdom of spending millions of dollars of state money in preparation for the 10-day Winter Games with little assurance of having anything worthwhile left afterward except memories, these squawks should be subordinated during the Games. There is time enough for them later. Every effort should be exerted by Californians before, during and after the Games to extend to the visiting athletes and their entourage a warm Western welcome, tod make them feel at home and to send them away with pleasant recollections of our sportsmanship and hospitality. We invited them here; they. are our guests; they. deserve our best. . oO A little of the color and vigor of state government went away when Joseph R. Knowland retired after nearly 25 years of service on the State Park Commission. Never one to dodge an issue, Mr. Knowland conducted his public service just as he does the Oakland Tribune, with vigor and forthrightness and a crackling confidence in his own beliefs. The Joe Knowlands of American journalism have been. an invigorating force in this Nation’s economic, political and intellectual growth. They are, as Herbert L. Phillips of the Sacramento Bee expressed it, ‘“‘vociferously expressive” men who meet public issues head on, often with “fierce cogency.” It isn’t necessary always to agree with such men in order to admire their intellectual vigor, and to welcome the high voltage charge they bring to public affairs. They are a breed whose ranks are all too thin, and we hope that the autobiography Joe Knowland plans to write, now that he will have a little more time, will provide the vicarious jolt some young editors and public servants-to-be need to turn their latent talents into wholesomely aggressive careers. 0 LAW SHOULD BE LAW : The United States Supreme Court: has righted a wrong it committed four years ago by reversing its then judgment that U. S. civilian employees and dependents of U. S. military forces overseas could be tried by courts martal. Interestingly enough, it was Justce Tom C. Clark who wrote both the recent opinion and the one in 1956. The court’s action upheld the provisions of the 5th and 6th amendments guaranteeing American ‘citizens not in. the military service the right to a trial by jury and all the concomitant protections. Amditedly, the decision poses some problems for the Justice Department. Will U. S. civilian offenders in foreign lands now be left to the mercies of local courts? Or will some provision be made for the extension of the jurisdiction of federal courts into areas abroad where U. S. civilian personnel are stationed? , What ever the solution, the court’s action was necessary. It doesn’t, however, answer the question: Why did the court ever rule otherwise? The Constitution is clear on the point at issue. The court is the interpreter of the Con_Stitution. Perhaps the trouble has been in this and other cases that the men on the court have sometimes sought to read into the Constitution what their own philosophies persuade them it should say, instead of what it does say.” TAX-CUTTING GOES BI-PARTISAN __ If Governor Brown adheres to his “no tax cut” polic it will be at the expense of a fight with members of his ame party, as well as Republicans. State Senator James McBride of Ventura, for example, has announced that in collabortion with Republicn Senator Richard Dolwig of San Mateo he will sponsor a series of bills designed to relieve the tax burdens of retired persons, working mothers, widows, and individuals who a aes ea are rg ecu The savings to these » under the McBride-Dolwi r estimated Poypior ne lwig program, would be an n additional saving for Californians hit b illness would be provided by another tax cut bill Sy Re duced by Marin County’s Republican Senator John McCarthy. The McCarthy plan is to remove the sales tax from medicines and drugs, for a total saving of $5 million. With a minimum surplus of $70 million having been estimated for the end of the fiscal year, there are strong arguments in favor of giving the sick, the needy, and the aged a tax break, It will be interesting to see whether the Governor can sell his colleagues as weli as his opposition the idea that it would be more beneficial to their constituents to keep taxes high and use the surplus for state building and construction that otherwise would be financed by bonds. Tax Trends Californians harboring any shreds of doubt over the tax trend are in little position to relax and enjoy it—the trend is up, abruptly up! State, local and federal tax collections in California rose over $539,000,000 above last year’s figure, according to the California State Chamber of Commerce, to ‘reach an all-time high of $10,953,276,588 for the 1958-59 fiscal the State Chamber report is as follows: Federal tax collections for the 1958-59 year are $6,923,918,000, an increase of more than $169,000,000 over the previous year. State tax collections amounted to $2,018,358,588, as compared to $1,842,775,487 for the prior year. Local property taxes, based on the Chamber’s estimate of levies by county and city governments and school and special districts, amounted to $1,819,000,000 as compared with the previous year’s $1,635,900,564. In addition, city and county sales and use taxes amounted to $192,000,000 for the year as compared to $181,578,412 for the previous year. In the state tax breakdown, with one hand and take it away with the other. On the surface, the Mills proposal sounds sensible. It'-is: (1) end all deductions from income now taken before income tax rates are applied; (2) keep the $600 exemption for each taxpayer and each dependent; (3) reduce rates to about. 40 per cent of present rates and fix a top rate limit of 55 per cent. The result: the;same total tax take as before. There are certain definite advantages: to the scheme. For one thing, filling out Form 1040 would be a breeze. For another the lower rates would mean that when an employee got a raise in pay he could figure on keeping more of it for himself. But on the whole, the plan would result in scatter shots of benefits and penalties to various groups and categories of taxpayers which, in the long run, would probably leave most people right where they started from. Single people would benefit greatly from the reduced rates, because their deductions seldom can match those of married people. On the other hand, the present automatic deduction of 10 per cent eliminates large numbers of people in the lowest income groups from paying any tax. Single, “starting out” people with low incomes might therefore pay more than at present. Married people would pay more, because. the split income provisions of present law would be eliminated, although it is possible that married Californians, living in a community-property state, might regain an advantage over other married folk they enjoyed before the splti income feature was made to apply to people in all states. Theoretically, wage and salary earners would benefit from the Mills plan because of the lower rates, yet if they are homeowners they would lose, because the amounts they pay for property taxes and interest on the mortgage could no longer be deducted from taxable income. And if they or their children run up heavy medical bills, they could no longer claim that expense as a deduction. On one end of the income scale many executives would be less well off because lavish expense accounts would no longer make sensible tax policy for businesses. On the other end, retired people, including pensioners on Social Security, also would be less well off because they would pay a tax on their pension incomes. Maybe it would be simpler just to abolish the income tax. state sales and use taxes accounted for $631,096,939 of the total tax collections as compared with $603,664,637 for the prior year. Again, way. back in 1940-41, state sales and use tax collections totaled a mere $109,233,942, while city sales and use taxes were a modest $5,112,737. During fiscal year 1958-59 state highway use fund collections totaled $452,893,276 as compared to the prior year’s $434,963,090. That money includes $318,271,694 in motor vehicle fuel taxes; $123,370,499 in motor vehicle fees and $11,251,083 in taxes on for-hire carriers. In the year’s period, school district taxes jumped $101,896,000 to accommodate the state’s burgeoning school population. The total for 1958-59 was $872,000,000 as compared to the previous year’s $770,104,000. In 1940-41, by way of comparison, when there were far fewer children, the total school district taxes amounted to $101,237,631. As a factor for tax measurement, the State Chamber pointed out that the population of California in April, 1940, was 6,907,387. Today it is estimated at 18,764,000. : tax problems! : to do grant it, with a national budget] of 80 billion dollars plus? Growth, like inflation, brings : for bribiny disc ¢ their offerings on for handing / Out payola. And already Mears that the attack on prove to be a death blow to Rock ‘n’ Roll. Dise jockeys, it must be assumed, ‘are human, too. Undoubtedly they disliked putting Rock ‘n’ Roll on the turntables as much as other people disliked listening to it. Now that the incentive, in the form of payola, is being removed, radio stations all over the land are announcing a retreat from Beat music to “good” music such as zither arrangements of “The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise,” and revivals of old Jeannette McDonald and Nelson Eddy albums. Payola became a common practice in the recording industry as a result of an overproduction of records. In pre-war days, single 45 rpm discs were manufactured almost exclusively by four companies: RCA Victor, Capitol, Columbia anid Decca. Now these major companies turnout only 25 per cent of all singles—the rest are produced under more than 1,000 different labels. The reason for the proliferation of producers is that production costs are low and the chances of big profit are high. A small recording company can hire an unknown singer, four or five musicians and a recording studio, cut a record and arrange for its distribution to retailers for a couple of thousand dollars. If the record makes the “top forty” list—and some mighty strange entries have made it—the returns may be fantastic. Last year, according to the Wall Street Journal, more than 12,000 different singles were issued. That means that radio stations are deluged with them at the rate of more than 200 new releases: a week. Most stations attempt to keep up to .date by assigning someone to listen to them, but the quantity has grown to such proportions that often only the first few bars are played. Obviously, to be heard, the discs have to have sock, if not rock. ' Under these. circumstances, payola. became the way some record companies made sure their new offerings at least got a hearing. Without payola, there will be fewer fly-by-night records, and therefore less Rock ’n’ Roll. Already, Elvis Presley has announced that when he gets back in civies he’s going to go high brow and emulate Frank Sinatra. “Snowshoe” ‘Thompson, pioneer trans-Sierra mail carrier, was born in Norway in 1827 as John Torsteinson’ Rui. of smog and education before the lawmakers. The budget session itself, however, promises a good bit in the way of fireworks. Last year Governor Brown secured legislative japproval of substantial tax in creases to meet an anticipated deficit. By year’s end it developed that the new taxes would be more than enough to offset any deficit and that the state now was confronted with a surplus of $70,000,000 or more. Surpluses naturally set taxpayers to thinking of tax reductions and to people with pet projects to thoughts of getting the funds to finance those projects. Consequently, the Administration, if it wishes to spend the surplus, is going to have to persuade its Democratic majorities in the Assembly and. Senate to vote against tax cuts certain to be recommended by Republican legislators. Many of the GOP lawmakers now are in the happy political spot of being able to/ say “we told you so, all of those taxes weren’t needed.” Ge On smog, the Governor has said he will propose legislation to require the installation of anti-smog auto exhaust devices, and legislation, as well, for a test center to screen exhaust dévices, Governor Brown says, too, that he will propose spénding $50,000,000 each for new building at state colleges and at the University of California. The Governor indicated, as well, that he will submit the recently revealed college-UC master plan for higher education to the Legislature. The plan would tighten up entrance requirements to cope with increased enrollment. Governor Brown, while considering the matter, to the moment has not said that he would open the special session of the Legislature to clarification of the issues involved in the $1,750,000,000 water plan. Many groups contend that without clarification the vitally important water bond proposal may face defeat, thus requiring its resubmission to the voters at a later date. Already, at any rate, it is clear that the lawmakers will be confronted with touchy tax, smog and education problems come March—and most observers will give odds that the list of subjects will be considerably longer before the lawmakers leave Sacramento. Yosemite Valley was the first opened to travel by wheel vehhicles on June 17, 1874, with completion of a toll road constructed by the Culverville and Yosemite Turnpike Co. Try Nugget Want Ads Winter D control of California § speed well or swerving; (5 (6) don’t a iat a lower gear or drive range HOW TO STAY OUT OF SKIDS— ‘to tate Automobile Association below dry-road speed; steadily; (3) take curves cautiously; ) avoid lying the ; and (7) if it gently.riving ora ennetarey es Tip 4 maintain tractio automobile when driving on ice or con ae says to: (2) keep ae) Nb sont (4) avoi icki brakes suddenly or sleet, necessary to shift to ® milserabls ear nolees and poor EAR NOISES relieved! “Once again we legislators face the job of working ‘out the hefty state budget for the next fiscal year. As the budget bill went over the desk at this session, it called for around $2.5 billion in appropriations, a sizeable amount in any league. This figure represents an increase of about 10 per cent over estimated total expenditures for the current year, which are placed at slightly less than $2.3 billion. California will again lead all the 50 states in the size of its annual budget. During the one month recess before we reconvene in March, the ways and means committee of the Assembly and the finance committee of the Senate will be in practically constant ‘session, going over the budget with a fine toothed comb. As in the past, they will divide themselves into a number of subcommittees, each of which will review the request of a particular department or agency in great detail. Appearing before these groups will be a number of fiscal experts. Those from the department of finance and from the agencies will, of course, be on hand to ex‘quests. Those from the office of our own legislative analyst may agree with the figures submitted, but they may disagree, and recommend the elimination or reducis sent to the Governor. When each of these two major committees agrees on its version of the budget ‘bill, the measure willbe brought before its full house for consideration. Any differences between the bills finally passed by the two houses will be ironed out by conference committees before the final measure is sent to the Goevernor. From the information already made available to us, it seems that it will be very difficult for us to make any substantial reduction in the total budget requested. As I have commented before in this column, there are many items which are, for all practical purposes, frozen in the State Constitution or other statutes. Neither your Legislature nor the Governor can control the amounts needed to carry out the functions involved, but the necessary funds must be appropriated. An important factor in the 10 per cent increase expected over this year is state support for public schools. On the basis of CONSTIPATED? Medical reports show how folks over 35 can establish regularity After 35, irregularity often becomes a problem. What you is something that aids nature and helps establish regularity. Such an aid to regularity is the daily use of SERUTAN. Here’s medical evidence: A group of men and women took sERUTAN daily under medical supervision. In case after case sERUTAN, taken daily, bela? establish regularity. So, for real relief from constipation after 35, try SERUTAN, powder or granular. GERUTAN “Read it Backwards” plain and defend the budget re} whole wheat muffins,’ orgravy, mashed potatoes, combi. nation vegetable. salad, peach Thursday: Beef and vegetable stew, lettuce salad, cocoanut pudFriday: Chicken noodle soup and crackers, % stuffed egg, apple cobbler, peanut butter bread. Bread, butter and milk served with all meals. crystal gazing by the experts, we are told to anticipate having to pay an additional $40 million next year to local school districts. Average daily attendance is forecast as increasing by 200,000 students. The state is obligated to do its part in providing classrooms and teachers for them. Another important reason for the rise in the budget is the fact that the Administration has asked us to approve additional welfare funds to pay for larger welfare payments to the aged and blind. In our 1959 ‘session we raised these benefits effective the first of this year, so now we are asked to authorize funds to pay the upped grants for the fiscal, year. Another item under this heading is the cost of medical care for the totally _ disabled which we added ‘to the law. A third major. factor is increased demands for capitol construction funds. Included in the budget is $100 million for new buildings needed by the University and the state colleges. Other millions for various state institutions have also been recommended. ; ‘ Only one thing is certain about this budget session. That is, we may have trouble deciding what to do with the indicated surplus of $70 million. expected at the close of this year. Mw/Gillette Adjustable Razo T° 9 Settings for Superb Shaves! from Union blocks to Complete hotel and night. A hotel at at the Fielding Ho P San Francisco?_gr fF Because the Fielding has= Qaim f° been completely redecorated = . from top to bottom. Located &; downtown — only 1 block= : Square and 1144 Air Terminal. service day “Top-flight”’ erate rates, _ RESTAURANTS tel ing Fad

212 W. Main Street Commercial Street Grass Valley, California Nevada City, California ‘ Telephone 1136 Telephone 36 JOHN D. TRUSCOTT -Publisher GERALD B. WALLACE Editor Entered December 5, 1926, as second class matter at the post office at Nevada City, California, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. Adjudicated a legal newspaper November 6, 1951, in Nevada County Superior Court, Decree No. 10023. Subscription: Yearly $3.00; Six Months $1.75 Advertising Rates on Request NO SQUAWKS DURING WINTER GAMES California will be host next week (February 18,28) to the winter sports athletes of the world, who have come to the state to participate in the VIII Olympic Winter Games in Squaw Valley. ; More than 800 men and women from 33 countries are expected to compete in dozens of skiing and skating events designed to test their skill, speed and stamina, from which world champions will emerge. It should be a marvelous experience for the estimated 85,000 spectators who are lucky enough to witness each day’s events and, barring bad luck, the Games should earn California a permanent place in the forefront of winter sports areas of the world. While there is much criticism as to the wisdom of spending millions of dollars of state money in preparation for the 10-day Winter Games with little assurance of having anything worthwhile left afterward except memories, these squawks should be subordinated during the Games. There is time enough for them later. Every effort should be exerted by Californians before, during and after the Games to extend to the visiting athletes and their entourage a warm Western welcome, tod make them feel at home and to send them away with pleasant recollections of our sportsmanship and hospitality. We invited them here; they. are our guests; they. deserve our best. . oO A little of the color and vigor of state government went away when Joseph R. Knowland retired after nearly 25 years of service on the State Park Commission. Never one to dodge an issue, Mr. Knowland conducted his public service just as he does the Oakland Tribune, with vigor and forthrightness and a crackling confidence in his own beliefs. The Joe Knowlands of American journalism have been. an invigorating force in this Nation’s economic, political and intellectual growth. They are, as Herbert L. Phillips of the Sacramento Bee expressed it, ‘“‘vociferously expressive” men who meet public issues head on, often with “fierce cogency.” It isn’t necessary always to agree with such men in order to admire their intellectual vigor, and to welcome the high voltage charge they bring to public affairs. They are a breed whose ranks are all too thin, and we hope that the autobiography Joe Knowland plans to write, now that he will have a little more time, will provide the vicarious jolt some young editors and public servants-to-be need to turn their latent talents into wholesomely aggressive careers. 0 LAW SHOULD BE LAW : The United States Supreme Court: has righted a wrong it committed four years ago by reversing its then judgment that U. S. civilian employees and dependents of U. S. military forces overseas could be tried by courts martal. Interestingly enough, it was Justce Tom C. Clark who wrote both the recent opinion and the one in 1956. The court’s action upheld the provisions of the 5th and 6th amendments guaranteeing American ‘citizens not in. the military service the right to a trial by jury and all the concomitant protections. Amditedly, the decision poses some problems for the Justice Department. Will U. S. civilian offenders in foreign lands now be left to the mercies of local courts? Or will some provision be made for the extension of the jurisdiction of federal courts into areas abroad where U. S. civilian personnel are stationed? , What ever the solution, the court’s action was necessary. It doesn’t, however, answer the question: Why did the court ever rule otherwise? The Constitution is clear on the point at issue. The court is the interpreter of the Con_Stitution. Perhaps the trouble has been in this and other cases that the men on the court have sometimes sought to read into the Constitution what their own philosophies persuade them it should say, instead of what it does say.” TAX-CUTTING GOES BI-PARTISAN __ If Governor Brown adheres to his “no tax cut” polic it will be at the expense of a fight with members of his ame party, as well as Republicans. State Senator James McBride of Ventura, for example, has announced that in collabortion with Republicn Senator Richard Dolwig of San Mateo he will sponsor a series of bills designed to relieve the tax burdens of retired persons, working mothers, widows, and individuals who a aes ea are rg ecu The savings to these » under the McBride-Dolwi r estimated Poypior ne lwig program, would be an n additional saving for Californians hit b illness would be provided by another tax cut bill Sy Re duced by Marin County’s Republican Senator John McCarthy. The McCarthy plan is to remove the sales tax from medicines and drugs, for a total saving of $5 million. With a minimum surplus of $70 million having been estimated for the end of the fiscal year, there are strong arguments in favor of giving the sick, the needy, and the aged a tax break, It will be interesting to see whether the Governor can sell his colleagues as weli as his opposition the idea that it would be more beneficial to their constituents to keep taxes high and use the surplus for state building and construction that otherwise would be financed by bonds. Tax Trends Californians harboring any shreds of doubt over the tax trend are in little position to relax and enjoy it—the trend is up, abruptly up! State, local and federal tax collections in California rose over $539,000,000 above last year’s figure, according to the California State Chamber of Commerce, to ‘reach an all-time high of $10,953,276,588 for the 1958-59 fiscal the State Chamber report is as follows: Federal tax collections for the 1958-59 year are $6,923,918,000, an increase of more than $169,000,000 over the previous year. State tax collections amounted to $2,018,358,588, as compared to $1,842,775,487 for the prior year. Local property taxes, based on the Chamber’s estimate of levies by county and city governments and school and special districts, amounted to $1,819,000,000 as compared with the previous year’s $1,635,900,564. In addition, city and county sales and use taxes amounted to $192,000,000 for the year as compared to $181,578,412 for the previous year. In the state tax breakdown, with one hand and take it away with the other. On the surface, the Mills proposal sounds sensible. It'-is: (1) end all deductions from income now taken before income tax rates are applied; (2) keep the $600 exemption for each taxpayer and each dependent; (3) reduce rates to about. 40 per cent of present rates and fix a top rate limit of 55 per cent. The result: the;same total tax take as before. There are certain definite advantages: to the scheme. For one thing, filling out Form 1040 would be a breeze. For another the lower rates would mean that when an employee got a raise in pay he could figure on keeping more of it for himself. But on the whole, the plan would result in scatter shots of benefits and penalties to various groups and categories of taxpayers which, in the long run, would probably leave most people right where they started from. Single people would benefit greatly from the reduced rates, because their deductions seldom can match those of married people. On the other hand, the present automatic deduction of 10 per cent eliminates large numbers of people in the lowest income groups from paying any tax. Single, “starting out” people with low incomes might therefore pay more than at present. Married people would pay more, because. the split income provisions of present law would be eliminated, although it is possible that married Californians, living in a community-property state, might regain an advantage over other married folk they enjoyed before the splti income feature was made to apply to people in all states. Theoretically, wage and salary earners would benefit from the Mills plan because of the lower rates, yet if they are homeowners they would lose, because the amounts they pay for property taxes and interest on the mortgage could no longer be deducted from taxable income. And if they or their children run up heavy medical bills, they could no longer claim that expense as a deduction. On one end of the income scale many executives would be less well off because lavish expense accounts would no longer make sensible tax policy for businesses. On the other end, retired people, including pensioners on Social Security, also would be less well off because they would pay a tax on their pension incomes. Maybe it would be simpler just to abolish the income tax. state sales and use taxes accounted for $631,096,939 of the total tax collections as compared with $603,664,637 for the prior year. Again, way. back in 1940-41, state sales and use tax collections totaled a mere $109,233,942, while city sales and use taxes were a modest $5,112,737. During fiscal year 1958-59 state highway use fund collections totaled $452,893,276 as compared to the prior year’s $434,963,090. That money includes $318,271,694 in motor vehicle fuel taxes; $123,370,499 in motor vehicle fees and $11,251,083 in taxes on for-hire carriers. In the year’s period, school district taxes jumped $101,896,000 to accommodate the state’s burgeoning school population. The total for 1958-59 was $872,000,000 as compared to the previous year’s $770,104,000. In 1940-41, by way of comparison, when there were far fewer children, the total school district taxes amounted to $101,237,631. As a factor for tax measurement, the State Chamber pointed out that the population of California in April, 1940, was 6,907,387. Today it is estimated at 18,764,000. : tax problems! : to do grant it, with a national budget] of 80 billion dollars plus? Growth, like inflation, brings : for bribiny disc ¢ their offerings on for handing / Out payola. And already Mears that the attack on prove to be a death blow to Rock ‘n’ Roll. Dise jockeys, it must be assumed, ‘are human, too. Undoubtedly they disliked putting Rock ‘n’ Roll on the turntables as much as other people disliked listening to it. Now that the incentive, in the form of payola, is being removed, radio stations all over the land are announcing a retreat from Beat music to “good” music such as zither arrangements of “The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise,” and revivals of old Jeannette McDonald and Nelson Eddy albums. Payola became a common practice in the recording industry as a result of an overproduction of records. In pre-war days, single 45 rpm discs were manufactured almost exclusively by four companies: RCA Victor, Capitol, Columbia anid Decca. Now these major companies turnout only 25 per cent of all singles—the rest are produced under more than 1,000 different labels. The reason for the proliferation of producers is that production costs are low and the chances of big profit are high. A small recording company can hire an unknown singer, four or five musicians and a recording studio, cut a record and arrange for its distribution to retailers for a couple

of thousand dollars. If the record makes the “top forty” list—and some mighty strange entries have made it—the returns may be fantastic. Last year, according to the Wall Street Journal, more than 12,000 different singles were issued. That means that radio stations are deluged with them at the rate of more than 200 new releases: a week. Most stations attempt to keep up to .date by assigning someone to listen to them, but the quantity has grown to such proportions that often only the first few bars are played. Obviously, to be heard, the discs have to have sock, if not rock. ' Under these. circumstances, payola. became the way some record companies made sure their new offerings at least got a hearing. Without payola, there will be fewer fly-by-night records, and therefore less Rock ’n’ Roll. Already, Elvis Presley has announced that when he gets back in civies he’s going to go high brow and emulate Frank Sinatra. “Snowshoe” ‘Thompson, pioneer trans-Sierra mail carrier, was born in Norway in 1827 as John Torsteinson’ Rui. of smog and education before the lawmakers. The budget session itself, however, promises a good bit in the way of fireworks. Last year Governor Brown secured legislative japproval of substantial tax in creases to meet an anticipated deficit. By year’s end it developed that the new taxes would be more than enough to offset any deficit and that the state now was confronted with a surplus of $70,000,000 or more. Surpluses naturally set taxpayers to thinking of tax reductions and to people with pet projects to thoughts of getting the funds to finance those projects. Consequently, the Administration, if it wishes to spend the surplus, is going to have to persuade its Democratic majorities in the Assembly and. Senate to vote against tax cuts certain to be recommended by Republican legislators. Many of the GOP lawmakers now are in the happy political spot of being able to/ say “we told you so, all of those taxes weren’t needed.” Ge On smog, the Governor has said he will propose legislation to require the installation of anti-smog auto exhaust devices, and legislation, as well, for a test center to screen exhaust dévices, Governor Brown says, too, that he will propose spénding $50,000,000 each for new building at state colleges and at the University of California. The Governor indicated, as well, that he will submit the recently revealed college-UC master plan for higher education to the Legislature. The plan would tighten up entrance requirements to cope with increased enrollment. Governor Brown, while considering the matter, to the moment has not said that he would open the special session of the Legislature to clarification of the issues involved in the $1,750,000,000 water plan. Many groups contend that without clarification the vitally important water bond proposal may face defeat, thus requiring its resubmission to the voters at a later date. Already, at any rate, it is clear that the lawmakers will be confronted with touchy tax, smog and education problems come March—and most observers will give odds that the list of subjects will be considerably longer before the lawmakers leave Sacramento. Yosemite Valley was the first opened to travel by wheel vehhicles on June 17, 1874, with completion of a toll road constructed by the Culverville and Yosemite Turnpike Co. Try Nugget Want Ads Winter D control of California § speed well or swerving; (5 (6) don’t a iat a lower gear or drive range HOW TO STAY OUT OF SKIDS— ‘to tate Automobile Association below dry-road speed; steadily; (3) take curves cautiously; ) avoid lying the ; and (7) if it gently.riving ora ennetarey es Tip 4 maintain tractio automobile when driving on ice or con ae says to: (2) keep ae) Nb sont (4) avoi icki brakes suddenly or sleet, necessary to shift to ® milserabls ear nolees and poor EAR NOISES relieved! “Once again we legislators face the job of working ‘out the hefty state budget for the next fiscal year. As the budget bill went over the desk at this session, it called for around $2.5 billion in appropriations, a sizeable amount in any league. This figure represents an increase of about 10 per cent over estimated total expenditures for the current year, which are placed at slightly less than $2.3 billion. California will again lead all the 50 states in the size of its annual budget. During the one month recess before we reconvene in March, the ways and means committee of the Assembly and the finance committee of the Senate will be in practically constant ‘session, going over the budget with a fine toothed comb. As in the past, they will divide themselves into a number of subcommittees, each of which will review the request of a particular department or agency in great detail. Appearing before these groups will be a number of fiscal experts. Those from the department of finance and from the agencies will, of course, be on hand to ex‘quests. Those from the office of our own legislative analyst may agree with the figures submitted, but they may disagree, and recommend the elimination or reducis sent to the Governor. When each of these two major committees agrees on its version of the budget ‘bill, the measure willbe brought before its full house for consideration. Any differences between the bills finally passed by the two houses will be ironed out by conference committees before the final measure is sent to the Goevernor. From the information already made available to us, it seems that it will be very difficult for us to make any substantial reduction in the total budget requested. As I have commented before in this column, there are many items which are, for all practical purposes, frozen in the State Constitution or other statutes. Neither your Legislature nor the Governor can control the amounts needed to carry out the functions involved, but the necessary funds must be appropriated. An important factor in the 10 per cent increase expected over this year is state support for public schools. On the basis of CONSTIPATED? Medical reports show how folks over 35 can establish regularity After 35, irregularity often becomes a problem. What you is something that aids nature and helps establish regularity. Such an aid to regularity is the daily use of SERUTAN. Here’s medical evidence: A group of men and women took sERUTAN daily under medical supervision. In case after case sERUTAN, taken daily, bela? establish regularity. So, for real relief from constipation after 35, try SERUTAN, powder or granular. GERUTAN “Read it Backwards” plain and defend the budget re} whole wheat muffins,’ orgravy, mashed potatoes, combi. nation vegetable. salad, peach Thursday: Beef and vegetable stew, lettuce salad, cocoanut pudFriday: Chicken noodle soup and crackers, % stuffed egg, apple cobbler, peanut butter bread. Bread, butter and milk served with all meals. crystal gazing by the experts, we are told to anticipate having to pay an additional $40 million next year to local school districts. Average daily attendance is forecast as increasing by 200,000 students. The state is obligated to do its part in providing classrooms and teachers for them. Another important reason for the rise in the budget is the fact that the Administration has asked us to approve additional welfare funds to pay for larger welfare payments to the aged and blind. In our 1959 ‘session we raised these benefits effective the first of this year, so now we are asked to authorize funds to pay the upped grants for the fiscal, year. Another item under this heading is the cost of medical care for the totally _ disabled which we added ‘to the law. A third major. factor is increased demands for capitol construction funds. Included in the budget is $100 million for new buildings needed by the University and the state colleges. Other millions for various state institutions have also been recommended. ; ‘ Only one thing is certain about this budget session. That is, we may have trouble deciding what to do with the indicated surplus of $70 million. expected at the close of this year. 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