January 2, 1963 (8 pages)

te $a Rigen . ’ : j " , : ‘ ; , : P % BS er 3.Nevada County NUGGET }. Wednesday, January 2, 196 RMR NE > MORIN EOS Se OE "7 + SMALL TOWN (ONS. mr . Gellizeldeiio ae SMALL WORLD : : ee LOI! i O] il Continuing anaccount of Dr. Emil Mrak, Chancellor of the University of California at Davis; of how, in changing his environment, man may be ‘hurting his health and well-being. ~ we pe br. i ) } : ie : Published Every Wednesday By NEVADA COUNTY NUGGET, INC, $18 Broad Street, Nevada City, Calif. Alfred E. Heller, Publisher--R. Dean Thompson, Editor -Manager Second class postage paid at Nevada City, Calif. Adjudicated a. legal newspaper of general circulation by the Nevada County Superior Court, June 3, 1960 Decree No. 12,406. Printed by Charles Allert Litho, Nevada City. Subscription rates: One year, $4; Two years, $6; Three years,’ $8, Part II--Pollution, Fallout, and Tobacco Smoke It has already been indicated that’ our nation is changing from one of agriculture to one of industry. Naturally such an industrialization, coupled with the mechanism of our mode of travel, has resulted in the belching of enormous quantities of contaminating material into EDITORIAL Awd THEN qwe'LL % : : 7 wee A. the air. Unpleasantries such as eye irritatio " weyHoon) 1 FLORID p n, Tourist Planning And sf ABOUT THAT, GEORGE 4 and the depressing effects resulting from the —= . GEORGE ve closed in feeling of heavy smog have been. _ Promotion Necessary During the past two years there has been a ~~growing.awareness of the value of tourism to quite common. While much has been said about the relation of contaminated air tocancer, there still appears to be a lack of substantial and reliable evidence that smog does induce cancer Nevada County. It has become evident that visitors to the county are not limited to those who enjoy hunting-and-fishing, but also to those seeking scenic beauty and a glimpse of historic sites. This year is the first one inwhichlocal agencies can plan ahead to take advantage of the attractions of our areato draw more heavily on tourist trade. Promotion of the area and its events can do much to boost our economy this year and in years to come. The beauty of this type of promotion is that it can have a cumulative effect and bring increasing results year by year. We mustalso do our utmost to protect the beauty of our county and the historic sites remaining available to the public. Likewise we mustaidinthe protection of our fish and wildlife areas. Ne Ours is an area of beauty and attractions withinthe fastest growing state in our nation, a state that is now the largest. Our efforts to. protect this beauty and promote these attractions will benefit the state as well as our economy. WASHINGTO CALLING By MARQUIS CHILDS (Marquis Childs is on vacation. Until his return, his column will be taken over by United Feature Syndicate columnist William S. White. ) WAS HIN GTON---It is hard to put down the troubling suspicion that much of the State Department is operating on the shining-eyed conviction that all "revolutionaries" are necessarily good guys and all traditional governments are necessarily bad guys. Sometimes it seems that the one sure way to assure official American sympathy to any uprising anywhere is for the rebels solemnly ‘to tell Washington straightaway that they are the liberal reformers and their opponents the evil "reactionaries". The latest instance in this melancholy tale is this government's decision to grant official recognition to the insurgent regime in Yemen, in the Middle East. This "revolution" is not really comparable’ to that conducted by George Washington and others incolonial United States. Though it was indeed begun by a local leader called Abdullah al-Sallal, it was in fact very quickly taken over by Colonel Nasser's Egypt. Nasser sent in.12,000 Soviet-trained Egyptian troops, supplied with Soviet-made bombers and tanks, against the barefoot tribesmen who remained loyal to the royal Yemenite government of the tribal king, Mohammad al-Badr. In the meantime, Saudi Arabia and Jordan gave some assistance -but ofa far more ragged scale and kind -to the old regime of . Al-Badr « In'State Department definition, of course, a king is more or less automatically a "reactionary", even in a remote area like this which is ‘living in roughly the 16th Century and where any serious talk of "democracy" is an absurd jest. “ The American action in giving recognition to _the Egyptian-led insurgents puts us in the company of, among others, the Soviet bloc. But it does not. put us in the company of, say, Britain, which is in no great hurry to celebrate this supposed great movement toward liberal reform.: _. Our motives are quite correct. We wish to see an end to fighting in the Middle-East and the disengagement of all hostile forces, in fear _ that otherwise the thing might blow up into HAPPY NEW ‘YEAR? i+. In the tush of the holiday season there are always some greetings that come late. Since Sierra Byways was missing last week due to~ ‘space problems, here's your special wish for a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year.. Also, due to an oversight last week, a Holiday Greeting from Steger Automotive Supply---it should have beenin the greeting section Seite Anda hootand a hollar from Mrs. J.B. Christie who says, "I'm blowing my horn, too.”. .Mrs. Christie took the holiday to.announce the arrival of granddaughter, Katherine Bryan Palcher, 8.pounds, 14 ounces, born Dec, 18 to.parents Mr. and Mrs. Peter Grant Palcher at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View. Katherine is "a little beauty,” Mrs, Christie says, “I should know because she is my first.grandchild. " From Argentina, Felicia Schaps continues her visit tothe Latin American country: We have been doing a great deal of garden work here lately, partly in preparation for a party theRolando'shad this past weekend. The landscaping here is exceptionally nice. The driveway leading directly to the house is lined on both sides by tall eucalyptus. One then enters the garden through an iron gate and arbor, flanked by hedges, which surround the entire lawn and house. This isboth for decorative purposes and to keep the chickens andturkeys out, as the latter are loose. These past two weeks I have learned at least how to cut asemi-straight hedge, but I fear it isa bit obvious where I’ did the trimming! Here as at the Gerarty home there are many roses, hydrangeas, pansies, gladiolus, and other flowers, Also a gorgeous magnolia tree which is now in bloom. One of the nicest things I find while living with families here is becoming acquainted also with their relatives and friends. Both withthe Gerarty and the Rol families I have felt a stronger family unity present than in many of those in California I have known. One reason perhaps is that members of the family live closer together and families are a bit larger as well, As an example,.I have met repeatedly at least 32 members of the Rolando family who live in this.area! Two nights ago the five of us and another couple went toa Benefit dinner for the "Hogar de la Nina"--a newly established home for children underten, both those who are homeless and those whose mothers work during the day. At present nearly 100 children are there with playground facilities provided in addition to meals, bathing, and a siesta. The dinner was quite an affair. major war and give the Russians some opportunity to intervenes It is easy togo along with the objective. But it is not easy to see why -since the disengagement of the contending forces is our cen= tral aim -we did not at least withhold recognition until Nasser had troops and Soviet-made actually withdrawn his weapons. We have had only a somewhat vague "indication" that he will do so. What, therefore, is given the great boon really: left? We have of American recognition to a "revolution" which was only nominally homemade and actually results in a victory for Nasser Egypt. If Colonel Nasser can rush into Yemen upon the "“invi tation" of some force seeking to overthrow the existing authority, why cannot he rush into other Arab countries on other "invitations" -or other pretexts? The United States is about his total detac rightly trying to bring hment from the Soviet Union, whichin the past was close to him and which, indeed, built up his present military force. But is the pattern of Yemen a good way to do that? Surely not. For Nasser in Yemen showed an alarming capacity for military amphibious operations on aconsiderable cale.A amounts toa ful divisi fter all, he hurledwhat on across the Red Sea. It would hardly seem wise to encourage him in such an adventure until we know, and do not merely hope, that he has really turned away from the Soviet Union and toward the West, as he has sometimes seemed to do. (Copyright, 1962) . with many people attending and more than enough delicious food. The first course of various salads, cheeses, sausages, stuffed tomatoes, cold meats,etc. was -beatitifully arranged on a long table. Each person served received a slightly different combination. The main course was a choice of "asada" or “parrillada” (sweatbreads), served with salad. French rolls and wine were also served. Dessert included a fruit cupand"pastille" (a pastry com= mon here) followedby cafe. This was the first such Benefit for the Hogar de la Nina all food was donated, andthe proceeds will go toward new bathrooms, beds, and redecoration of the building, which is badly needed. We then went to the Club Athletico for an after dinner drink and cafe. The cafe here is quite different from our cup of coffee, being served in demi-tasse size cups and as well being very strong andsweet, At first I had to make myself put in-ateaspoon and more of sugar, but now I really wonder how I could have enjoyed it another way! The Club Athletico is actually " How-nice it would have been if many years ago, when the iron horse was first being introduced, someone with visioncould have anticipated air pollution and at the same time encourage reIf so, by now we would know whether or not . We weréreally producing a health hazard. Unfortunately, not until people suffered discomfortas a result of éye irritation were substantial appropriations made to study this undesirable situation. Extensive programs are now under way to determine what the contaminants are, what is their influence on health, what are the eye irritants, what the odors may be, and what influence smog may have on crops. Again, itis anattempt to extinguish a vast conflagration and it is so late. The matter of fall-out has received serious consideration only after the extensive peace time explosion of atomic weapons, even though some of them have been labeled as "clean". Only in recent years has it been admitted that fall-out from the air may very well contaminate soil with Strontium 90 which may work its way through plants and then animals to humans. fit into the area of air contamination, although while riding smoker cars and experiencing stuffy lobbies and smoke-filled conference rooms, [have often thought, as a non-smoker, geles smog at its worst. Now we hear that smoking may be harmful. Filters have been developed and it was my impression that these would remove harmful materials from the smoke. Now I am told that.the type of tobacco used is stronger and perhaps cheaper than that used previously and, as a result even though the filters are present, the smokecontains as much harmful material as before. Here is a casé where man appears to have discovered somea large bar with music and dancing as well, The particular . night we were there a group of ". ‘students from the Collegio (high school) were having a party upstairs. Similar to events of ours, a.phonograph was playing the music not only of Argentina, but ‘of the twist, rock 'nroll, waltzes, .andsuch as well. The party was made up of about 50 boys and girls, all excellent dancers, and enjoying themselves thoroughly. There were no chaperones.(something I had heard was the custom, but in this area seems not to be). However the girls and fellows appear togroup more by sex here thanin California, both at events pe as this and onthe street. Few co are seen walking together among the younger see. In the evenings however most of the young folk seem to be in town but one sees two or three girls walking together, and the same with the boys, rather than mixed, Dress in town is a bit more formal. The girls in their teens are seldom seen without high heeled shoes, or the fellows without coat and tie ~ Clothes worn in general are very similar to ours, with only those of the gaucho being distinct. The “gaucho”. of Argentina can be-perhaps compared with our traditional figure of the cowboy. His clothes today include most distrinctly the traditional: pants which fit very loosely but are buttoned tightly at the ankle; ‘Often they are worn with boots that are of a soft leather and come somewhat.beiow the knee, -Many of the gauchos at work near here, however, wear a type of unlaced tennis shoe without socks. Sport shirts are common, often accompanied by a small scarf tied rather than a necktie, Hats worn are frequently of the French befet ty pe--I have ‘seen none of the Mexican sombrero type in this~ area, Many carry a long (5" to 8" blade) knife fitted ‘in a case eee thing in his daily environment that is harmful, and has tried to do something about it, but in the end may not have accomplished his aim. ‘searches sothat it might have been prevented. I presume .that tobacco smoke would hardly that it was even more severe than the Los An-. and slid beneath a wide belt between the hip and back. The knives here are gold, They are ‘used for all purposes, but are essential in the eating of asada, the traditional gaucho dish and means of cooking on the “Campo” (range). The "gaucho" here on the "Campo" often works on the estancias, but also in many cases has land of his own. Itis indeed fun and interesting toobserve similarities and differences in methods of doing things that involve agricultural enterprises and how another tradition and culture has formed them. A couple of days ago I went to the Santa Maria towatch the marking ofthe new Angus calf crop. This ‘was the first of three days of work where calves were branded, earnotched, castrated,/and counted. The process will be repeated in March to take into account the late calves. About 14 men were at work each with a separate job. The 3500 or so cows with calves were all in one large corral in which in the center were ‘two stanchions about 25 feet apart. These were used to hold calves after they were roped--actually very convenient as the gaucho. on the horse merely pulled the calf into the stanchion, afterwhich another man closed it. and. removed the lasso. Immediately the calf was earnotched, branded on the side of the-head and castrated if nec‘essary-“often all at one time. The cattle here on the Santa Maria are both ear-notched and branded to discourage stealing. For thisreason too, a careful and exact count is kept of all stock, including those which die orare’ butchered, In addition to those men marking with the calves, another. was cooking “asada” for the noon meal, This seems to be as common here as our “sack lunch" only, to tell the truth, I like it better! . Turning to other things, I have receivedtwo of the nicest letters from my future host family in the province of Mendoya. They will bethe only family I will be with who speaks English as well as Castillano, being of English parentage, The amount of effort they are going to for me to see things of interest and meet people is unbelievable, and I only hope Iwon'tbea great disappointment to them. Here is a short quote from Senor Tudor's letter and I think it gives an idea of how important the IFYE program is: "It would be difficult indeed almost impossible, for me to tell you how much we are looking forward to your visit. I expect that you will find our humble home very different from those you will have visited in this country. My “Finca™ is no show place, In fact Tam still wondering why we have been so honored by INTA's choice, My neighbors explain it. by. supposing that the authorities wish toimpress upon you that the Argentine really is a “semi desarallado” country, andl am afraid that this will be your impression after being here. I tell you this, not from any false modesty, but. just to get you accustomed to the idea of coming to stay ina place that is still without electricity or hot running water, " (The latter incidentally is common in the families Ihave . visited. Few in the country have . electricity.) The Tudars have outlined a. most exciting program, but I hope it won't be too exhausting for them. . . . .

te $a Rigen . ’ : j " , : ‘ ; , : P % BS er 3..Nevada County NUGGET }. Wednesday, January 2, 196 RMR NE > MORIN EOS Se OE "7 + SMALL TOWN (ONS. mr . Gellizeldeiio ae SMALL WORLD : : ee LOI! i O] il Continuing anaccount of Dr. Emil Mrak, Chancellor of the University of California at Davis; of how, in changing his environment, man may be ‘hurting his health and well-being. ~ we pe br. i ) } : ie : Published Every Wednesday By NEVADA COUNTY NUGGET, INC, $18 Broad Street, Nevada City, Calif. Alfred E. Heller, Publisher--R. Dean Thompson, Editor -Manager Second class postage paid at Nevada City, Calif. Adjudicated a. legal newspaper of general circulation by the Nevada County Superior Court, June 3, 1960 Decree No. 12,406. Printed by Charles Allert Litho, Nevada City. Subscription rates: One year, $4; Two years, $6; Three years,’ $8, Part II--Pollution, Fallout, and Tobacco Smoke It has already been indicated that’ our nation is changing from one of agriculture to one of industry. Naturally such an industrialization, coupled with the mechanism of our mode of travel, has resulted in the belching of enormous quantities of contaminating material into EDITORIAL Awd THEN qwe'LL % : : 7 wee A.. the air. Unpleasantries such as eye irritatio " weyHoon) 1 FLORID p n, Tourist Planning And sf ABOUT THAT, GEORGE 4 and the depressing effects resulting from the —= .. GEORGE ve closed in feeling of heavy smog have been. _ Promotion Necessary During the past two years there has been a ~~growing.awareness of the value of tourism to quite common. While much has been said about the relation of contaminated air tocancer, there still appears to be a lack of substantial and reliable evidence that smog does induce cancer Nevada County. It has become evident that visitors to the county are not limited to those who enjoy hunting-and-fishing, but also to those seeking scenic beauty and a glimpse of historic sites. This year is the first one inwhichlocal agencies can plan ahead to take advantage of the attractions of our areato draw more heavily on tourist trade. Promotion of the area and its events can do much to boost our economy this year and in years to come. The beauty of this type of promotion is that it can have a cumulative effect and bring increasing results year by year. We mustalso do our utmost to protect the beauty of our county and the historic sites remaining available to the public. Likewise we mustaidinthe protection of our fish and wildlife areas. Ne Ours is an area of beauty and attractions withinthe fastest growing state in our nation, a state that is now the largest. Our efforts to. protect this beauty and promote these attractions will benefit the state as well as our economy. WASHINGTO CALLING By MARQUIS CHILDS (Marquis Childs is on vacation. Until his return, his column will be taken over by United Feature Syndicate columnist William S. White. ) WAS HIN GTON---It is hard to put down the troubling suspicion that much of the State Department is operating on the shining-eyed conviction that all "revolutionaries" are necessarily good guys and all traditional governments are necessarily bad guys. Sometimes it seems that the one sure way to assure official American sympathy to any uprising anywhere is for the rebels solemnly ‘to tell Washington straightaway that they are the liberal reformers and their opponents the evil "reactionaries". The latest instance in this melancholy tale is this government's decision to grant official recognition to the insurgent regime in Yemen, in the Middle East. This "revolution" is not really comparable’ to that conducted by George Washington and others incolonial United States. Though it was indeed begun by a local leader called Abdullah al-Sallal, it was in fact very quickly taken over by Colonel Nasser's Egypt. Nasser sent in.12,000 Soviet-trained Egyptian troops, supplied with Soviet-made bombers and tanks, against the barefoot tribesmen who remained loyal to the royal Yemenite government of the tribal king, Mohammad al-Badr. In the meantime, Saudi Arabia and Jordan gave some assistance -but ofa far more ragged scale and kind -to the old regime of . Al-Badr « In'State Department definition, of course, a king is more or less automatically a "reactionary", even in a remote area like this which is ‘living in roughly the 16th Century and where any serious talk of "democracy" is an absurd jest. “ The American action in giving recognition to _the Egyptian-led insurgents puts us in the company of, among others, the Soviet bloc. But it does not. put us in the company of, say, Britain, which is in no great hurry to celebrate this supposed great movement toward liberal reform.: _. Our motives are quite correct. We wish to see an end to fighting in the Middle-East and the disengagement of all hostile forces, in fear _ that otherwise the thing might blow up into HAPPY NEW ‘YEAR? i+. In the tush of the holiday season there are always some greetings that come late. Since Sierra Byways was missing last week due to~ ‘space problems, here's your special wish for a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year... Also, due to an oversight last week, a Holiday Greeting from Steger Automotive Supply---it should have beenin the greeting section Seite Anda hootand a hollar from Mrs. J.B. Christie who says, "I'm blowing my horn, too.”.. .Mrs. Christie took the holiday to.announce the arrival of granddaughter, Katherine Bryan Palcher, 8.pounds, 14 ounces, born Dec, 18 to.parents Mr. and Mrs. Peter Grant Palcher at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View. Katherine is "a little beauty,” Mrs, Christie says, “I should know because she is my first.grandchild. " From Argentina, Felicia Schaps continues her visit tothe Latin American country: We have been doing a great deal of garden work here lately, partly in preparation for a party theRolando'shad this past weekend. The landscaping here is exceptionally nice. The driveway leading directly to the house is lined on both sides by tall eucalyptus. One then enters the garden through an iron gate and arbor, flanked by hedges, which surround the entire lawn and house. This isboth for decorative purposes and to keep the chickens andturkeys out, as the latter are loose. These past two weeks I have learned at least how to cut asemi-straight hedge, but I fear it isa bit obvious where I’ did the trimming! Here as at the Gerarty home there are many roses, hydrangeas, pansies, gladiolus, and other flowers, Also a gorgeous magnolia tree which is now in bloom. One of the nicest things I find while living with families here is becoming acquainted also with their relatives and friends. Both withthe Gerarty and the Rol families I have felt a stronger family unity present than in many of those in California I have known. One reason perhaps is that members of the family live closer together and families are a bit larger as well, As an example,.I have met repeatedly at least 32 members of the Rolando family who live in this.area! Two nights ago the five of us and another couple went toa Benefit dinner for the "Hogar de la Nina"--a newly established home for children underten, both those who are homeless and those whose mothers work during the day. At present nearly 100 children are there with playground facilities provided in addition to meals, bathing, and a siesta. The dinner was quite an affair. major war and give the Russians some opportunity to intervenes It is easy togo along with the objective. But it is not easy to see why -since the disengagement of the contending forces is our cen= tral aim -we did not at least withhold recognition until Nasser had troops and Soviet-made actually withdrawn his weapons. We have had only a somewhat vague "indication" that he will do so. What, therefore, is given the great boon really: left? We have of American recognition to a "revolution" which was only nominally homemade and actually results in a victory for Nasser Egypt. If Colonel Nasser can rush into Yemen upon the "“invi tation" of some force seeking to overthrow the existing authority, why cannot he rush into other Arab countries on other "invitations" -or other pretexts? The United States is about his total detac rightly trying to bring hment from the Soviet Union, whichin the past was close to him and which, indeed, built up his present military force. But is the pattern of Yemen a good way to do that? Surely not. For Nasser in Yemen showed an alarming capacity for military amphibious operations on aconsiderable cale.A amounts toa ful divisi fter all, he hurledwhat on across the Red Sea. It would hardly seem wise to encourage him in such an adventure until we know, and do not merely hope, that he has really turned away from the Soviet Union and toward the West, as

he has sometimes seemed to do. (Copyright, 1962) . with many people attending and more than enough delicious food. The first course of various salads, cheeses, sausages, stuffed tomatoes, cold meats,etc. was -beatitifully arranged on a long table. Each person served received a slightly different combination. The main course was a choice of "asada" or “parrillada” (sweatbreads), served with salad. French rolls and wine were also served. Dessert included a fruit cupand"pastille" (a pastry com= mon here) followedby cafe. This was the first such Benefit for the Hogar de la Nina all food was donated, andthe proceeds will go toward new bathrooms, beds, and redecoration of the building, which is badly needed. We then went to the Club Athletico for an after dinner drink and cafe. The cafe here is quite different from our cup of coffee, being served in demi-tasse size cups and as well being very strong andsweet, At first I had to make myself put in-ateaspoon and more of sugar, but now I really wonder how I could have enjoyed it another way! The Club Athletico is actually " How-nice it would have been if many years ago, when the iron horse was first being introduced, someone with visioncould have anticipated air pollution and at the same time encourage reIf so, by now we would know whether or not . We weréreally producing a health hazard. Unfortunately, not until people suffered discomfortas a result of éye irritation were substantial appropriations made to study this undesirable situation. Extensive programs are now under way to determine what the contaminants are, what is their influence on health, what are the eye irritants, what the odors may be, and what influence smog may have on crops. Again, itis anattempt to extinguish a vast conflagration and it is so late. The matter of fall-out has received serious consideration only after the extensive peace time explosion of atomic weapons, even though some of them have been labeled as "clean". Only in recent years has it been admitted that fall-out from the air may very well contaminate soil with Strontium 90 which may work its way through plants and then animals to humans. fit into the area of air contamination, although while riding smoker cars and experiencing stuffy lobbies and smoke-filled conference rooms, [have often thought, as a non-smoker, geles smog at its worst. Now we hear that smoking may be harmful. Filters have been developed and it was my impression that these would remove harmful materials from the smoke. Now I am told that.the type of tobacco used is stronger and perhaps cheaper than that used previously and, as a result even though the filters are present, the smokecontains as much harmful material as before. Here is a casé where man appears to have discovered somea large bar with music and dancing as well, The particular . night we were there a group of ". ‘students from the Collegio (high school) were having a party upstairs. Similar to events of ours, a.phonograph was playing the music not only of Argentina, but ‘of the twist, rock 'nroll, waltzes, .andsuch as well. The party was made up of about 50 boys and girls, all excellent dancers, and enjoying themselves thoroughly. There were no chaperones.(something I had heard was the custom, but in this area seems not to be). However the girls and fellows appear togroup more by sex here thanin California, both at events pe as this and onthe street. Few co are seen walking together among the younger see. In the evenings however most of the young folk seem to be in town but one sees two or three girls walking together, and the same with the boys, rather than mixed, Dress in town is a bit more formal. The girls in their teens are seldom seen without high heeled shoes, or the fellows without coat and tie ~ Clothes worn in general are very similar to ours, with only those of the gaucho being distinct. The “gaucho”. of Argentina can be-perhaps compared with our traditional figure of the cowboy. His clothes today include most distrinctly the traditional: pants which fit very loosely but are buttoned tightly at the ankle; ‘Often they are worn with boots that are of a soft leather and come somewhat.beiow the knee, -Many of the gauchos at work near here, however, wear a type of unlaced tennis shoe without socks. Sport shirts are common, often accompanied by a small scarf tied rather than a necktie, Hats worn are frequently of the French befet ty pe--I have ‘seen none of the Mexican sombrero type in this~ area, Many carry a long (5" to 8" blade) knife fitted ‘in a case eee thing in his daily environment that is harmful, and has tried to do something about it, but in the end may not have accomplished his aim. ‘searches sothat it might have been prevented. I presume .that tobacco smoke would hardly that it was even more severe than the Los An-. and slid beneath a wide belt between the hip and back. The knives here are gold, They are ‘used for all purposes, but are essential in the eating of asada, the traditional gaucho dish and means of cooking on the “Campo” (range). The "gaucho" here on the "Campo" often works on the estancias, but also in many cases has land of his own. Itis indeed fun and interesting toobserve similarities and differences in methods of doing things that involve agricultural enterprises and how another tradition and culture has formed them. A couple of days ago I went to the Santa Maria towatch the marking ofthe new Angus calf crop. This ‘was the first of three days of work where calves were branded, earnotched, castrated,/and counted. The process will be repeated in March to take into account the late calves. About 14 men were at work each with a separate job. The 3500 or so cows with calves were all in one large corral in which in the center were ‘two stanchions about 25 feet apart. These were used to hold calves after they were roped--actually very convenient as the gaucho. on the horse merely pulled the calf into the stanchion, afterwhich another man closed it. and. removed the lasso. Immediately the calf was earnotched, branded on the side of the-head and castrated if nec‘essary-“often all at one time. The cattle here on the Santa Maria are both ear-notched and branded to discourage stealing. For thisreason too, a careful and exact count is kept of all stock, including those which die orare’ butchered, In addition to those men marking with the calves, another. was cooking “asada” for the noon meal, This seems to be as common here as our “sack lunch" only, to tell the truth, I like it better! . Turning to other things, I have receivedtwo of the nicest letters from my future host family in the province of Mendoya. They will bethe only family I will be with who speaks English as well as Castillano, being of English parentage, The amount of effort they are going to for me to see things of interest and meet people is unbelievable, and I only hope Iwon'tbea great disappointment to them. Here is a short quote from Senor Tudor's letter and I think it gives an idea of how important the IFYE program is: "It would be difficult indeed almost impossible, for me to tell you how much we are looking forward to your visit. I expect that you will find our humble home very different from those you will have visited in this country. My “Finca™ is no show place, In fact Tam still wondering why we have been so honored by INTA's choice, My neighbors explain it. by. supposing that the authorities wish toimpress upon you that the Argentine really is a “semi desarallado” country, andl am afraid that this will be your impression after being here. I tell you this, not from any false modesty, but. just to get you accustomed to the idea of coming to stay ina place that is still without electricity or hot running water, " (The latter incidentally is common in the families Ihave . visited. Few in the country have . electricity.) The Tudars have outlined a. most exciting program, but I hope it won't be too exhausting for them. . . . .