June 5, 1963 (10 pages)

Eibses B sisicy.o “Rk. Dean Thompson, Editor-Manager erties a at Nevada City, Calif. Adjudicated a ega. general circulation by the Nevada County Superior Cost, Saude 1960 Decree No. 12,406. Printed by Charles Allert Litho, Nevada City. ere. $4; Two years, . $6; Three years,’ $8. En gee te tt a SMALL WORLD debt Ven ee! Pad-Ae! wiht + Yenc! Pad-Astp eoces EDITORIAL Assemblyman Lunardi Deserves Praise Assemblyman Paul L. Lunardi should be congratulated for the vigor he has shown in accepting the suggestion of officials and citizens that he sponsor a legislative resok ution in behalf of the Malakoff Diggins Project. His resolution giving official status to the project and directing the Division of Beaches and Parks to proceed on the establishment of the Malakoff-North Bloomfield State Park as rapidly as financing permits has already passed one committee in the Assembly. ~ Such representation is worthy of commendation. d at mbt Yanan ni-Ate BaelNees inf . © ® © NEVADA COUNTY MEET SWE > BODKEN: "@ C TALK, TALK, —_ THAT'S Aut THEY y whut ME TO DO! WOULD LOLK All THE PEOPLE /¥ ( 4 CAGE // WHAT A EAT IDE A.: e sv” OK! You eoys Ii a CHIRP OR IF £ COULD ORGANIZE wie PARAKEETS OF “fi WOULD TAKE OVER)I THEN TF WovuLod STAND UP ON BIRDSZEDI. ” ZS +HE WORLD, WE TOP OF THE © CAGE AND REALLY GIVE IT TO THEA! NO GC} hs 0 f* tact} CPA Et PALMA ¢ Our family do-it-yourself book The passbook for a savings account with us is a‘‘family do-it-yourself book.” Systemetic savings.plus earnings.make possible @ #3: 9 many wonderful things most families could not enjoy otherwise. We will be happy to start your family’s do-it-yourself book ings on your savings. association. offices. _———— ee wea city once 4235 Center Streed ‘iseme oreo . MARYSVILLE GRASS VALLEY, OFFICE ~ 352 South Auburn Stree? MEMBER OF THE SAVINGS AND LOAN FOUNDATION, ING. *. 9 SPONSOR OF THIS ADVERTISEM ENT IN LOOK, ie san sy OROVILLE Now is the time to ma":e that move to more earn4,.1d at MIDVALLEY SAVINGS you get the personal service of a locally managed . plus the added strength of affiliation with associations whose combined assets total more that $550 million, Accounts opened by the 10th earn interest fromthe 1st. Plenty of parking at all =~] MIDVALLEY — SAVIN GS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION . FOUR CONVENIENT LOGATIONS TO SERVE ERVE vou 2720 Bird Stregd . e SPECIAL WASHINGTON REPORT Pentagon Reform Hailed By By U.S. Rep. John W. McCormack Speaker of National House of Representatives The most remarkable accomplishment of this Administration has been in the field of defense. It has provided us with the finest defense in the world at the lowest possible cost to the taxpayers. Today, America has a defense force that includes a powerful nuclear deterrent as well as a strong conventional fighting machine. And yet Secretary McNamara saved morethan $1 billion in the Defense Department last year without reducing the effectiveness of our armed forces and he promises to save $3 billion a year by 1965. This is not a hypothetical figure. It was presented---and documented---to the Congress as an example of how efficient management practices are giving us more defense for our dollar. The money was saved because Secretary McNamara cut through Pentagon red tape. He reorganized the Defense Department. He installed a new system of financial management. He eliminated weapons systems that. were outdated. In short, he plugged the leaks where defense dollars were being drained away into projects that no longer contributed to our combat power. These are the kind of actions that has given the Congress--which is very conscious of how the taxpayer's dollar is spent--the assurance that the Defense Depart ment is being run as it, should be. We are especially pleased because, beforethis Administration, we were told that any changes would hurt our defenses. Well, it hasn't. Speaker our improved Defense Department that we in Congress are pleased to see. This is the refreshing candor with which the President and Secretary McNamara have set forth our defense policies to both the Congress and the public. As far as] am concerned, these matters have never been presented to Congress in a better way. Asanexample, Secretary McNamara will spend at least 125 hours this year testifying before Congressional committees, presenting information and answering questions. And when he presents his Defense budget, he does not offer us only a few pages of general comments. He presents us with a detailed statement that runs to several hundred pages and that explains exactly where our money is being spent. We are told why it is spent on some projects and not on others. Weare told the reasoning behind every major decision. Finally, the great bulk of this statement --~-all the essentials -is promptly declassified and made available tothe press and any private citizen who wants this information, It is this willingness to submit to public scrutiny that proves, more than any other single policy of this Administration, that our defense is sound, both in respect tomen, guns, missiles, and dollars. by Alfred Heller (This week's exerpt from “Forces of Change in California nology as one of those forces. This series is drawn from a pamphiet issued by the University of California at Davis for a -Univeristy-wide agricultural conference which was held May 2.} Technology--the systematic use of scientific methods to solve problems of production and economics--is another force which, with land, water, and population, will share California's future as food supplierto the world. Like population, the forcé of technology is growing and apparently unlimited--as long as scientific research continues, at least, Today, asingle average U. S, farmer grows enough food for 27 other persons. A dozen years ago he could supply 15 others, and in 1920, only about eight, (In California, where average prod‘uction is higher, these figures might well be doubled. ) The increase is due almost entirely to technology. California farmers and agricultural engineers have pioneered in mechanization: --In 1960, machines picked only half of the nation's cotton, almost nine-tenths of California's. --Between 1960 and 1962, machines cutthe time needed to harvest Californi's potato crop from 63,000 man-weeks to 25,600. ~-Seventeen men and a carrot harvesting machine can turn out one-third more tonnage than a hand crew of 44 men. One man ina machine crew can replace five human tomato pickers. Some crops are more difficult to mechanize than others. In the U. S. from 1939 to 1955, production per man-hour went up 200 per cent for feed grains and 133 per cent for cotton, but only 44 per cent for vegetables and 14 per cent for fruits and nuts. California has far more than its share of the hard-to-mechanize crops, Since these crops are destined to become even more important to the state, skilled human harvest crews may be needed in some areas almost indefinitely---if agriculture itself survives. But California farmers and agricultural scientists are making dramatic progress in mechanizing many of the problem crops. Tomatoes, ‘prunes, nuts, cling peachesand apricots already are being machine-harvested, Machinesto pick grapes, dates and asparagus are inexistence. Mechanical aids vastly reduce the need for human effort in harvesting lettuce and other vegetables. Thesé are being adapted to citrus, apples, pears and other fruits. Practically all these crops are hauled and stored in bulk, by machines, Specialization on the farm takes various forms. Many large farms already hire specialists in soils, irrigation, entomology, plant diseases, and plant nutrition, More farmers are specializing managers are tending to specialize as businessmen, because capital investments are increasing, farms are growing bigger and onthe-farm decisions are being made with processing and marketing problemsin mind. Farming in California is becoming a specialized type of business, rather than a way of life. (Fifth of six articles. ) WASHINGTO CALLING MARQUIS CHILDS Agriculture Continues with a description of the impact of Tech_ in one or two crops, and renting much of their land. And farm Cheese consumption in the United States in 1960 was 18.4 pounds per person, There. is something else about WATCHES ~ QU} = cLocks JEWELRY == Repairing . E. M. DALPEZ ‘. Dial 265-4501 JEWELER 231% BROAD ST., NEVADA CITY Riches ‘mmm PARDON OUR PRIDE Research, Inc., a Bay Area statistical firm, has just completeda market survey in Grass Nevada City: . os One of, the questions they Valley and / asked was, ‘have you seen { sales or deals advertised in the Nugget-Advertiser? " MORE THAN'Z GGOF THE BUYERS HAD SEEN IT IN THE ‘NEVADA COUNTY NUGGET-ADVERTISER the nation over the exploit of astronaut Gordon Cooper a committee of Congress heard somber testimony about earth-bound mortals. And while the witness did not try to relate the great feat of Cooper's 22 orbits to the problem he was discussing, the relationship it bears to the demands of the space age was plain enough. Commissioner of Education Francis Keppel was talking about illiteracy in America andnot just those who cannot read and write but, ashe putit, "functional illiterates”. Some 8,000,000 Americans aged 25 and older have completed less than five years. of schooling. More than 23,000,000 Americans 18 years and older have had less than eight years in school. These "functional illiterates" -their knowledge of simple arithmetic, reading and writing is so limited that they can do only common labor or menial service -make up the bulk of hard-core unemployment and they overwhelm the relief rolls. As Keppel noted, this is only part of the cost that a great and rich nation pays for neglecting the education of so many of its citizens He told the House subcommittee on education that very little is being done anywhere by anyone to melt down this shocking mass ofilliterates, In the Federal retraining program, aimed at giving jobless men and women new skills for new jobs, it has been found over and over again that without a fundamental knowledge of reading and writing people cannot be retrained. Pointing up the contrast to the splendid adventure of the astronauts, with all the amazing technological and scientific capacity itcalls into play, was the modesty of what Commissioner Keppel was asking. He wanted the committee to approve $5,000,000 for the next fiscal year for grants to the states to carry out, under state approval, programs in reading and writing for those whocannot read or write English or have less than an eighth-grade education. Another Mercury flight, if it is authorized, would cost an estimated $10,000,000. That is in a sense a bargain rate, since the capsule and other equipment are already available. NASA officials say they cannot put a figure on Cooper's 22 orbits because their cost accounting system doesn't work that way. But it was far in excess of $10,000,000 as a part of the whole space. program that may eventually go to $60 to $70 billion. Both the achievements and the failures of American life can be traced back tothe strengths and the weaknesses of the educational base. All the slogans of the problem of racial equality -above all, the familiar “separate but equal" -are summed up in the Office of Education's statistics on who can read and who for all practical purposes cannot. Of the white population 25 years and older 6.7 percent have completed less than five years of school. The percentage for the Negro population is 23.5. Thisis one measure of separate but unequal as it has prevailed in many parts of the country. In Mississippi andGeorgia nearly 40 percent of the Negro population has had less than five years of school. For Texas the figure is 23.6, In Missouri it is 17.2, Illinois 18.8 and New York 11.8. In New York State the number of adults with less than eight years of school is nearly two million. Keppel cited a study in Cook County, Illinois, showing that more than half of Chicago's able-bodied relief recipients cannot pass fifth-grade tests. Contrary to a widespread impression, most of them are long-time residents rather than new arrivals from the South, Many, andthis is perhaps the most depressing commentary of all, are second and third-generation relief recipients. Relief is costing Cook County $16,500,000 a month. Raymond M. Hilliard, the county's director of public aid, was quoted by Keppel as saying that only a program of education to upgrade these unfortunate people can reduce "the staggering burden of relief" Andwhile Cook County may know more about the problem because of a searching examination, ‘the same condition exists in every large city. The bill for illiteracy is high and it comes due in a varity of ways. Of young men who register for selective service 21.7 percent are rejected for failing a simple mental test. In the Southern states thisruns from 35 to 56 percent. How long the richest country in the world can afford to pay this bill Congress must answer. WASHINGTON ---On the day that Americans were rejoicing across RAR ILA ge SN ONT

Eibses B sisicy.o “Rk. Dean Thompson, Editor-Manager erties a at Nevada City, Calif. Adjudicated a ega. general circulation by the Nevada County Superior Cost, Saude 1960 Decree No. 12,406. Printed by Charles Allert Litho, Nevada City. ere. $4; Two years, . $6; Three years,’ $8. En gee te tt a SMALL WORLD debt Ven ee! Pad-Ae! wiht + Yenc! Pad-Astp eoces EDITORIAL Assemblyman Lunardi Deserves Praise Assemblyman Paul L. Lunardi should be congratulated for the vigor he has shown in accepting the suggestion of officials and citizens that he sponsor a legislative resok ution in behalf of the Malakoff Diggins Project. His resolution giving official status to the project and directing the Division of Beaches and Parks to proceed on the establishment of the Malakoff-North Bloomfield State Park as rapidly as financing permits has already passed one committee in the Assembly. ~ Such representation is worthy of commendation. d at mbt Yanan ni-Ate BaelNees inf . © ® © NEVADA COUNTY MEET SWE > BODKEN: "@ C TALK, TALK, —_ THAT'S Aut THEY y whut ME TO DO! WOULD LOLK All THE PEOPLE /¥ ( 4 CAGE // WHAT A EAT IDE A.: e sv” OK! You eoys Ii a CHIRP OR IF £ COULD ORGANIZE wie PARAKEETS OF “fi WOULD TAKE OVER)I THEN TF WovuLod STAND UP ON BIRDSZEDI. ” ZS +HE WORLD, WE TOP OF THE © CAGE AND REALLY GIVE IT TO THEA! NO GC} hs 0 f* tact} CPA Et PALMA ¢ Our family do-it-yourself book The passbook for a savings account with us is a‘‘family do-it-yourself book.” Systemetic savings..plus earnings..make possible @ #3: 9 many wonderful things most families could not enjoy otherwise. We will be happy to start your family’s do-it-yourself book ings on your savings. association. offices. _———— ee wea city once 4235 Center Streed ‘iseme oreo . MARYSVILLE GRASS VALLEY, OFFICE ~ 352 South Auburn Stree? MEMBER OF THE SAVINGS AND LOAN FOUNDATION, ING. *. 9 SPONSOR OF THIS ADVERTISEM ENT IN LOOK, ie san sy OROVILLE Now is the time to ma":e that move to more earn4,.1d at MIDVALLEY SAVINGS you get the personal service of a locally managed . plus the added strength of affiliation with associations whose combined assets total more that $550 million, Accounts opened by the 10th earn interest fromthe 1st. Plenty of parking at all =~] MIDVALLEY — SAVIN GS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION . FOUR CONVENIENT LOGATIONS TO SERVE ERVE vou 2720 Bird Stregd . e SPECIAL WASHINGTON REPORT Pentagon Reform Hailed By By U.S. Rep. John W. McCormack Speaker of National House of Representatives The most remarkable accomplishment of this Administration has been in the field of defense. It has provided us with the finest defense in the world at the lowest possible cost to the taxpayers. Today, America has a defense force that includes a powerful nuclear deterrent as well as a strong conventional fighting machine. And yet Secretary McNamara saved morethan $1 billion in the Defense Department last year without reducing the effectiveness of our armed forces and he promises to save $3 billion a year by 1965. This is not a hypothetical figure. It was presented---and documented---to the Congress as an example of how efficient management practices are giving us more defense for our dollar. The money was saved because Secretary McNamara cut through Pentagon red tape. He reorganized the Defense Department. He installed a new system of financial management. He eliminated weapons systems that. were outdated. In short, he plugged the leaks where defense dollars were being drained away into projects that no longer contributed to our combat power. These are the kind of actions that has given the Congress--which is very conscious of how the taxpayer's dollar is spent--the assurance that the Defense Depart ment is being run as it, should be. We are especially pleased because, beforethis Administration, we were told that any changes would hurt our defenses. Well, it hasn't. Speaker our improved Defense Department that we in Congress are pleased to see. This is the refreshing candor with which the President and Secretary McNamara have set forth our defense policies to both the Congress and the public. As far as] am concerned, these matters have never been presented to Congress in a better way. Asanexample, Secretary McNamara will spend at least 125 hours this year testifying before Congressional committees, presenting information and answering questions. And when he presents his Defense budget, he does not offer us only a few pages of general comments.

He presents us with a detailed statement that runs to several hundred pages and that explains exactly where our money is being spent. We are told why it is spent on some projects and not on others. Weare told the reasoning behind every major decision. Finally, the great bulk of this statement --~-all the essentials -is promptly declassified and made available tothe press and any private citizen who wants this information, It is this willingness to submit to public scrutiny that proves, more than any other single policy of this Administration, that our defense is sound, both in respect tomen, guns, missiles, and dollars. by Alfred Heller (This week's exerpt from “Forces of Change in California nology as one of those forces. This series is drawn from a pamphiet issued by the University of California at Davis for a -Univeristy-wide agricultural conference which was held May 2.} Technology--the systematic use of scientific methods to solve problems of production and economics--is another force which, with land, water, and population, will share California's future as food supplierto the world. Like population, the forcé of technology is growing and apparently unlimited--as long as scientific research continues, at least, Today, asingle average U. S, farmer grows enough food for 27 other persons. A dozen years ago he could supply 15 others, and in 1920, only about eight, (In California, where average prod‘uction is higher, these figures might well be doubled. ) The increase is due almost entirely to technology. California farmers and agricultural engineers have pioneered in mechanization: --In 1960, machines picked only half of the nation's cotton, almost nine-tenths of California's. --Between 1960 and 1962, machines cutthe time needed to harvest Californi's potato crop from 63,000 man-weeks to 25,600. ~-Seventeen men and a carrot harvesting machine can turn out one-third more tonnage than a hand crew of 44 men. One man ina machine crew can replace five human tomato pickers. Some crops are more difficult to mechanize than others. In the U. S. from 1939 to 1955, production per man-hour went up 200 per cent for feed grains and 133 per cent for cotton, but only 44 per cent for vegetables and 14 per cent for fruits and nuts. California has far more than its share of the hard-to-mechanize crops, Since these crops are destined to become even more important to the state, skilled human harvest crews may be needed in some areas almost indefinitely---if agriculture itself survives. But California farmers and agricultural scientists are making dramatic progress in mechanizing many of the problem crops. Tomatoes, ‘prunes, nuts, cling peachesand apricots already are being machine-harvested, Machinesto pick grapes, dates and asparagus are inexistence. Mechanical aids vastly reduce the need for human effort in harvesting lettuce and other vegetables. Thesé are being adapted to citrus, apples, pears and other fruits. Practically all these crops are hauled and stored in bulk, by machines, Specialization on the farm takes various forms. Many large farms already hire specialists in soils, irrigation, entomology, plant diseases, and plant nutrition, More farmers are specializing managers are tending to specialize as businessmen, because capital investments are increasing, farms are growing bigger and onthe-farm decisions are being made with processing and marketing problemsin mind. Farming in California is becoming a specialized type of business, rather than a way of life. (Fifth of six articles. ) WASHINGTO CALLING MARQUIS CHILDS Agriculture Continues with a description of the impact of Tech_ in one or two crops, and renting much of their land. And farm Cheese consumption in the United States in 1960 was 18.4 pounds per person, There. is something else about WATCHES ~ QU} = cLocks JEWELRY == Repairing . E. M. DALPEZ ‘. Dial 265-4501 JEWELER 231% BROAD ST., NEVADA CITY Riches ‘mmm PARDON OUR PRIDE Research, Inc., a Bay Area statistical firm, has just completeda market survey in Grass Nevada City: . os One of, the questions they Valley and / asked was, ‘have you seen { sales or deals advertised in the Nugget-Advertiser? " MORE THAN'Z GGOF THE BUYERS HAD SEEN IT IN THE ‘NEVADA COUNTY NUGGET-ADVERTISER the nation over the exploit of astronaut Gordon Cooper a committee of Congress heard somber testimony about earth-bound mortals. And while the witness did not try to relate the great feat of Cooper's 22 orbits to the problem he was discussing, the relationship it bears to the demands of the space age was plain enough. Commissioner of Education Francis Keppel was talking about illiteracy in America andnot just those who cannot read and write but, ashe putit, "functional illiterates”. Some 8,000,000 Americans aged 25 and older have completed less than five years. of schooling. More than 23,000,000 Americans 18 years and older have had less than eight years in school. These "functional illiterates" -their knowledge of simple arithmetic, reading and writing is so limited that they can do only common labor or menial service -make up the bulk of hard-core unemployment and they overwhelm the relief rolls. As Keppel noted, this is only part of the cost that a great and rich nation pays for neglecting the education of so many of its citizens He told the House subcommittee on education that very little is being done anywhere by anyone to melt down this shocking mass ofilliterates, In the Federal retraining program, aimed at giving jobless men and women new skills for new jobs, it has been found over and over again that without a fundamental knowledge of reading and writing people cannot be retrained. Pointing up the contrast to the splendid adventure of the astronauts, with all the amazing technological and scientific capacity itcalls into play, was the modesty of what Commissioner Keppel was asking. He wanted the committee to approve $5,000,000 for the next fiscal year for grants to the states to carry out, under state approval, programs in reading and writing for those whocannot read or write English or have less than an eighth-grade education. Another Mercury flight, if it is authorized, would cost an estimated $10,000,000. That is in a sense a bargain rate, since the capsule and other equipment are already available. NASA officials say they cannot put a figure on Cooper's 22 orbits because their cost accounting system doesn't work that way. But it was far in excess of $10,000,000 as a part of the whole space. program that may eventually go to $60 to $70 billion. Both the achievements and the failures of American life can be traced back tothe strengths and the weaknesses of the educational base. All the slogans of the problem of racial equality -above all, the familiar “separate but equal" -are summed up in the Office of Education's statistics on who can read and who for all practical purposes cannot. Of the white population 25 years and older 6.7 percent have completed less than five years of school. The percentage for the Negro population is 23.5. Thisis one measure of separate but unequal as it has prevailed in many parts of the country. In Mississippi andGeorgia nearly 40 percent of the Negro population has had less than five years of school. For Texas the figure is 23.6, In Missouri it is 17.2, Illinois 18.8 and New York 11.8. In New York State the number of adults with less than eight years of school is nearly two million. Keppel cited a study in Cook County, Illinois, showing that more than half of Chicago's able-bodied relief recipients cannot pass fifth-grade tests. Contrary to a widespread impression, most of them are long-time residents rather than new arrivals from the South, Many, andthis is perhaps the most depressing commentary of all, are second and third-generation relief recipients. Relief is costing Cook County $16,500,000 a month. Raymond M. Hilliard, the county's director of public aid, was quoted by Keppel as saying that only a program of education to upgrade these unfortunate people can reduce "the staggering burden of relief" Andwhile Cook County may know more about the problem because of a searching examination, ‘the same condition exists in every large city. The bill for illiteracy is high and it comes due in a varity of ways. Of young men who register for selective service 21.7 percent are rejected for failing a simple mental test. In the Southern states thisruns from 35 to 56 percent. How long the richest country in the world can afford to pay this bill Congress must answer. WASHINGTON ---On the day that Americans were rejoicing across RAR ILA ge SN ONT