March 25, 1965 (36 pages)

00 **1088nN Aluno5 epeAen’** G96I “SZ YoIeyy* March 25, 1965..Nevada County Nugget.. ; SMALL TOWN : SMALL WORLD sunny spring moruuig. ‘here are no pictures of neon signs. Somehow, neon never caught on in Mendocino, And there are no pictures of what you can hear and smell and feel there: the gentle ocean breeze, the songs of birds, the devotion of residents to a special place which they, and their forefathers, helped to make special, WASHINGTON CALLING TWO LEVELS OF ACTION IN MAKING VIET NAM POLICY WASHINGTON. --So tight is the net of secrecy around the American operation in Viet Nam that each planned phase is leaked out at the discretion of the Pentagon, At the same time every effort has been .made toquiet discussion of any alternative, That any choice other than the gradual escalation of the war was possible has never been made known. Yet a proposal stopping short of the present course was briefly considered. It was the work of a task force of able younger men who spent six weeks in Viet Namand whohad previously made several visits to Southeast Asia. --Alfred Heller Theirs was a two-tract proposal. On the military tract the United States and South Viet Nam would conduct unannounced bombing raids against military installations in North VietNam. These would be like the raids conducted against the Communist-held area of Laos. A persistent day-to-day pressure would be applied. But on the second and diplomatic tract concession: would be held out to Hanoi to halt the aid furnished the Viet Cong guerrillas in the South. These concessions would include trade with the West, possibly international development assistance through a Me= kong delta project, access to the rice surplus of the South on a trade basis, perhaps even help through America's food-for-peace program. Such concessions were to be held in strictest secrecy through available diplomatic channels, The unannounced bombing wasto be restricted to the area between the 17th and 19th parallels so that Communist China and the Soviet Union would understand that the intention was not to destroy the Hanoi government. The bombing would, of course, be stopped if and when Hanoi responded to the diplomatic approach. At what level this was considered and how seriously it is impossible to say, But it was debated and the opposition of Secretary of Defense Robert S, McNamara is believed to have been decisive. The Air Force opposed such small secret raids--no more than 24 planes have ever been employed against Pathet Lao centers in Laos--because they would require frequent repetition and, therefore, be likely to produce more casualties than the recent 160-plane ODD BODKINS .. cae > raid, Those favoring the two-tract proposal agrued that it would give Hanoi a face-saving way out. They contend that the present course of announced attacks 5 \ A <= eas 6: ere waiting on a signal of retreat fromthe north is equivalent to a demand for unconditional surrender. This plays directly, so the argument went, into the hands of Communist China, since Peking ‘'s objective is to draw America deeper and deeper into an endless jungle conflict. The phrase unconditional surrender has a grim sound, since it is a reminder of what was probably President Roosevelt's greatest error in the conduct as commander-in-chief of World War II. Many allied commanders were convinced that it prolonged the war and cost an untold number of additional casualties, Itviolated a fundamental canon of diplomacy -an enemy bested in battle or at the conference table must be allowed a way out short of total destruction and abject humiliation. As history shows, such humiliations lead amost inevitably to new wars. T he. two-track proposal with its diplomatic complement to military pressure has, insofar as this observer has been able to determine, had only one brief public airing. That was in a dispatch to The New York Times from Saigon on March 1. Nothing has been heard of the alternative to what many now feel is a collision course with Communist China. Those who carry the official White House line pull out in response to-any challenge the text of the resolution adopted by Congress last August at the request of the White House in response to the Gulf of Tonkin incident. That resolution empowered the President as commander-in-chief “to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. “ But the debate that preceded unamimous Senate adoption of the resolution is overlooked. Sen, GaylordNelson(D., Wis.) offered an amendment stating that it was continuing policy to “limit our role to the provision of aid, training assistance and military advice” and “except when provoked to a greater response we should continue to attempt to avoid a direct military involvement in the Southeast Asia conflict, “ Sen. J, William Fulbright, chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, replied that he did not want to delay adoption of the resolution by such an amendment. But he said that with one or two exceptions members of his committee interpreted the resolution in accord with the proposed amendment. The House adopted the resolution with only two dissenting votes. It may be literally true as the President has repeatedly said that he is carrying on the policy of Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy. But that is only a small part of the truth. (Copyright 1965) ---Marquis Childs LETTERS TO THE EDITOR WE NEED PEOPLE WHO CARE To the Editor: : There is currently in progress a national campaign to inform the public about the extent of mental retardation inthe U.S. (nearly six million). It tells of some of the things that can be done to help those who are retarded, andtohelp prevent more children being born retarded or becoming retarded. This campaign is sponsored by the Joseph P; Kennedy, Jr. Foundation, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the National Association for Retarded Children. Anyone in this area who needs helpwith this problem, or whowould like to have information about it should contact The Nevada County Council For Retarded Children, Figures we have com< piled show that there are close to 100 known retarded persons in the County. As you can see, the problem is of vital interest to us and ourneighbors. Sothat we can make more progress in research and prevention, we need more people to be personally concerned and active in the fight against mental retardation, We need more people to w ork with the retarded; not only doctors and scientists; we need teachers; we need workers in vocational and recreational areas; we need people who care..and want to help. Mrs, Donald Hoagland Pres, Nevada County Council For Retarded Children 101 Leahy Rd, Grass Valley STOP THE HIGHWAYMEN Dear Editor What a great piece! -about the damn free (?) way -You areSORIGHT! -We/’have worked ever since we first heard about the darn thing, to have it routed just around the town -~ but as you say, too many hands in too many pockets -in more waysthan one . Also -this Gestapo attitude of the Highwaymen, must have supervision -Andthe only person properly to do so, is of course the Secretary of the Interior, Stewart Udall. I have long been in correspondence with him -and am sending my copy of this week's Nugget to him. There are Bills before congress which will provide for his Office to supervise the Highwaymen. Civil Service is OK -but not when there is NO COURT OF APPEAL, as is the case, now. One wonders what kind of real education is provided for “Engineers" --when they are so bigotted, illiterate about anything beautiful, and downright dishonest -Remember? First, they promised they'd spare the Tree -Then They MIGHT hurtit -Then they were Sure they would --Regular Brainwashing the public got!!! Did you know, they have an Excellent Public Relations man? And how. Well -the silly people whowanted allthis, I hope they are enjoying the view. Very sincerely yours, Caroline Argyll A. Hartley L THINK IT WHAT SOMEHOW WAS THAT MEANT hLL ABOUT 2 a) fs aes ae Sey é Lal ea a — eae

00 **1088nN Aluno5 epeAen’** G96I “SZ YoIeyy* March 25, 1965...Nevada County Nugget... ; SMALL TOWN : SMALL WORLD sunny spring moruuig. ‘here are no pictures of neon signs. Somehow, neon never caught on in Mendocino, And there are no pictures of what you can hear and smell and feel there: the gentle ocean breeze, the songs of birds, the devotion of residents to a special place which they, and their forefathers, helped to make special, WASHINGTON CALLING TWO LEVELS OF ACTION IN MAKING VIET NAM POLICY WASHINGTON. --So tight is the net of secrecy around the American operation in Viet Nam that each planned phase is leaked out at the discretion of the Pentagon, At the same time every effort has been .made toquiet discussion of any alternative, That any choice other than the gradual escalation of the war was possible has never been made known. Yet a proposal stopping short of the present course was briefly considered. It was the work of a task force of able younger men who spent six weeks in Viet Namand whohad previously made several visits to Southeast Asia. --Alfred Heller Theirs was a two-tract proposal. On the military tract the United States and South Viet Nam would conduct unannounced bombing raids against military installations in North VietNam. These would be like the raids conducted against the Communist-held area of Laos. A persistent day-to-day pressure would be applied. But on the second and diplomatic tract concession: would be held out to Hanoi to halt the aid furnished the Viet Cong guerrillas in the South. These concessions would include trade with the West, possibly international development assistance through a Me= kong delta project, access to the rice surplus of the South on a trade basis, perhaps even help through America's food-for-peace program. Such concessions were to be held in strictest secrecy through available diplomatic channels, The unannounced bombing wasto be restricted to the area between the 17th and 19th parallels so that Communist China and the Soviet Union would understand that the intention was not to destroy the Hanoi government. The bombing would, of course, be stopped if and when Hanoi responded to the diplomatic approach. At what level this was considered and how seriously it is impossible to say, But it was debated and the opposition of Secretary of Defense Robert S, McNamara is believed to have been decisive. The Air Force opposed such small secret raids--no more than 24 planes have ever been employed against Pathet Lao centers in Laos--because they would require frequent repetition and, therefore, be likely to produce more casualties than the recent 160-plane ODD BODKINS ... cae > raid, Those favoring the two-tract proposal agrued that it would give Hanoi a face-saving way out. They contend that the present course of announced attacks 5 \ A <= eas 6: ere waiting on a signal of retreat fromthe north is equivalent to a demand for unconditional surrender. This plays directly, so the argument went, into the hands of Communist China, since Peking ‘'s objective is to draw America deeper and deeper into an endless jungle conflict. The phrase unconditional surrender has a grim sound, since it is a reminder of what was probably President Roosevelt's greatest error in the conduct as commander-in-chief of World War II. Many allied commanders were convinced that it prolonged the war and cost an untold number of additional casualties, Itviolated a fundamental canon of diplomacy -an enemy bested in battle or at the conference table must be allowed a way out short of total destruction and abject humiliation. As history shows, such humiliations lead amost inevitably to new wars. T he. two-track proposal with its diplomatic complement to military pressure has, insofar as this observer has been able to determine, had only one brief public airing. That was in a dispatch to The New York Times from Saigon on March 1. Nothing has been heard of the alternative to what many now feel is a collision course with Communist China. Those who carry the official White House line pull out in response to-any challenge the text of the resolution adopted by Congress last August at the request

of the White House in response to the Gulf of Tonkin incident. That resolution empowered the President as commander-in-chief “to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. “ But the debate that preceded unamimous Senate adoption of the resolution is overlooked. Sen, GaylordNelson(D., Wis.) offered an amendment stating that it was continuing policy to “limit our role to the provision of aid, training assistance and military advice” and “except when provoked to a greater response we should continue to attempt to avoid a direct military involvement in the Southeast Asia conflict, “ Sen. J, William Fulbright, chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, replied that he did not want to delay adoption of the resolution by such an amendment. But he said that with one or two exceptions members of his committee interpreted the resolution in accord with the proposed amendment. The House adopted the resolution with only two dissenting votes. It may be literally true as the President has repeatedly said that he is carrying on the policy of Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy. But that is only a small part of the truth. (Copyright 1965) ---Marquis Childs LETTERS TO THE EDITOR WE NEED PEOPLE WHO CARE To the Editor: : There is currently in progress a national campaign to inform the public about the extent of mental retardation inthe U.S. (nearly six million). It tells of some of the things that can be done to help those who are retarded, andtohelp prevent more children being born retarded or becoming retarded. This campaign is sponsored by the Joseph P; Kennedy, Jr. Foundation, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the National Association for Retarded Children. Anyone in this area who needs helpwith this problem, or whowould like to have information about it should contact The Nevada County Council For Retarded Children, Figures we have com< piled show that there are close to 100 known retarded persons in the County. As you can see, the problem is of vital interest to us and ourneighbors. Sothat we can make more progress in research and prevention, we need more people to be personally concerned and active in the fight against mental retardation, We need more people to w ork with the retarded; not only doctors and scientists; we need teachers; we need workers in vocational and recreational areas; we need people who care...and want to help. Mrs, Donald Hoagland Pres, Nevada County Council For Retarded Children 101 Leahy Rd, Grass Valley STOP THE HIGHWAYMEN Dear Editor What a great piece! -about the damn free (?) way -You areSORIGHT! -We/’have worked ever since we first heard about the darn thing, to have it routed just around the town -~ but as you say, too many hands in too many pockets -in more waysthan one . Also -this Gestapo attitude of the Highwaymen, must have supervision -Andthe only person properly to do so, is of course the Secretary of the Interior, Stewart Udall. I have long been in correspondence with him -and am sending my copy of this week's Nugget to him. There are Bills before congress which will provide for his Office to supervise the Highwaymen. Civil Service is OK -but not when there is NO COURT OF APPEAL, as is the case, now. One wonders what kind of real education is provided for “Engineers" --when they are so bigotted, illiterate about anything beautiful, and downright dishonest -Remember? First, they promised they'd spare the Tree -Then They MIGHT hurtit -Then they were Sure they would --Regular Brainwashing the public got!!! Did you know, they have an Excellent Public Relations man? And how. Well -the silly people whowanted allthis, I hope they are enjoying the view. Very sincerely yours, Caroline Argyll A. Hartley L THINK IT WHAT SOMEHOW WAS THAT MEANT hLL ABOUT 2 a) fs aes ae Sey é Lal ea a — eae