September 16, 1965 (20 pages)

e pany = =) a a 5 fo} O 3 ba = s > oO a ° is ive) oO a oO a i oO Q E oO ted QO, oO 17) EEE ETE IT aE RLS I SP SST SED SMALL TOWN SMALL WORLD eeerintccn India. While the arms were free and even spare parts were furnished without charge, the maintenance of complex weapons in underdeveloped countries is a severe drain on skilled manpower. One of the first consequences of the Pakistan arms buildup was a shock wave of fear throughout India. For the Indians understood, if Dulles did not, that Pakistan's goal was Kashmir with its 77 percent ‘Moslem population. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru had refused to allow a plebiscite in Kashmir and the frustration of the Pakistanis built up along with their army and air force. Nehru's government began shopping for arms from Britain and Russia as Dulles and Vice-President Richard M. Nixon lectured Nehru on the evils of neutralism. Both Britain and Russia sold some advanced weapons including the promise of Soviet MIG jets. This was the situation when Red China launched an attack acrossthe Himalayan border in the fallof 1962. The United States began an immediate military aid effort in small arms and logistic material. But tiis was taken by! Pakistan as treachery, betrayal of an ally in SEATO, in behalf of an enemy bent on war and conquest. In New Delhi last November this reporter learned how the Indian shopping list had grown. The Soviet Union was prepared to furnish not only the MIGs but a plant to build them on long-term credit. There was talk of buying two submarines from the British. And the pressure was growing to make a nuclear device and explode it as proof that India's nuclear capacity was at least as great as China's. At that point the Indian defense budget had climbed to $1.8 billion a year. Put alongside the $50 billion of the American defense budget this seems tiny. But in~a-country-struggling-bydemocratic means to developa modern industrial economy, with food shortage eased only by massive shipments of American grain, it is a fearful drain on urgently needed resources and foreign exchange. Under the negotiations directed by Cuss, American arms are being currently sold on credit to 24 countries in addition to major sales to NATO powers. Of this total 15 are in the underdeveloped category in Latin America, the Middle East and Africa. Included are Chile, Brazil and Argentina, currently struggling to overcome economic crises. Another 56 countries get much smaller amounts, some merely maps or special services. Othernations go direct to arms manufacturers in the United States and pay cash on the barrelhead. The effect @ an arms buildup in one country is almost invariably to stir fear in a next-door neighbor. In this way the arms race--often in obsolescent or second-class weapons--is a contagion that spreads through the underdeveloped world. Officials directly concerned with the future development and the 4 WsED 10 Be A FOLK SINGER -ODD BODKINS . economic stability of the underdeveloped countries have long been convinced that no real progress is possible so long as the arms race continues. Cuss says that by putting arms on a sales-credit basis, rather than as an aid giveaway, is in itself a restraint, since if a government must raise the money and submit a military budget for approval there may be second thoughts about big arms purchases. Another point the Pentagon makes is that if the United States doesn't sell the arms some other country will. Both Argentina and Brazil bought aircraft carriers from Britain. The French last year sold $400, 000,000 worth of Mirage jet bombers, chiefly to Switzerland and Israel. This points up the competitive nature of the arms race in its worldwide ramifications, (Copyright 1965) ---Marquis Childs REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS ARE . EYING GULF WILDLIFE REFUGE For the past several years, officials and real estate developers in Jackson County, Miss., have had their eye on an island lying just off Pascagoula in the Gulf of Mexico, Claiming that both the city and county bonds to build a seven-mile causeway out to the island. The bonds would be retired by selling some 7,000 lots into which the refuge would be divided. Conservationists are rightfully concemed over these developments. Major efforts and vast amounts of money have been spent in recent years to preserving at least a remnant of this country's coastal areas under naturalconditions, Certainly at a time when a drive is underway to acquire and preserve such areas, existing public lands already dedicated to this objective should not be released and thrown open to exploitation. Aside from the values of maintaining natural conditions and wildlife values on Horn Island, -however, are hard pressed to find residential building sites, particularly for better class homes which would attract young college graduates, real estate developers have tried time and again to take over Horn Island. One hitch has been that 2,318 acres of Hor Island (roughly about 65 per cent of the entire island) is owned by the Federal government and, since 1958, has been administered by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife as the Horn Island National Wildlife Refuge. Itis an integral unit in the Gulf Island National Wildlife Refuges which include a series of barrier islands located off the coast of Mississippi and Louisiana. Horn Island and other islands of this group are of national importance in the protection of migratoty birds and have special value as nesting sites for pelicans, gulls, terns, shore -birds and herons and as a wintering habitat for waterfowl, In addition to its value for migratory bird conservation, Horn Island is also one of the few undeveloped seashore areas remaining along this portion of the Gulf Coast. The other hitch to exploitation of Horn Island for homesites is that it lies some seven miles off-shore In a two-pronged attack on the island, Sen, James O. Eastland (Miss. ) has introduced a bill (S. 1223) in the 89th Congress which, if enacted, would authorize and direct the Secretary of the Interior to sell 2,484 acres of the refuge to the state of Mississippi. Now, to solve the problem of how future residents of the island could get to their homes except by boat, the Mississippi legislature recently set up a Horn Island Causeway Commission and empowered it to issue BUT MY FOLKS Got TIRED OF LISTENING AND A stREeT SINGER. is the interesting question of whether or not Jackson County and Pascagoula really need additional land for housing developments. Fairly recent studies indicate there is no shortage of residential sites in the city or county. Some local interests also believe that a planned interstate highway, which will run east-west parallel to U. S. Highway 90, will open new county lands to residential development and would give easy accessibility to existing roads. And, even if more land for homes isneeded, why build them on a barrier island which often bears the full brunt of hurricanes for which this stretch of the Gulf Coast is famous? The prospect of 7,000 families trying to pack upa few belongings and crowdtheir cars across a two-lane, seven-mile causeway to reach safety inland is enough to make any prospective Horn [sland homeowner think twice. ---Conservation News LETTER TO THE EDITOR OPENING THE NEVADA CITY MINE To the Editor: Well, it is one of those days in Oakland-cold and foggy so I thought I would tell you of something that happened when I was working in the Champion Mine, The old Nevada City Mine had been shut down for a long time, It was taken over by the Champion owners and a riser was‘put in from the 10 hundred level tothe 8 hundred foot level of the old Nevada City Mine. Well three of us were sent up to work the old mine. Twohundred feet of track and a chute had to be put in between the-champion and the old Nevada City Mine. They senta letterto the school of mines for a couple of men to build the chute and track to send the ore down to the 10 hundred level of the Champion, Well, the men. from the school of mines came, but they did not stay long.They said they did not know how to build a chute but a go devil had to be put in also at the 8 hundred foot level. A go devil is something like a winch where a loaded ore car goes down to the Chute it pulls up the empty car so that way they don't have to put on any power, I had better close now, Jack Bassett Oakland ‘BUT £ DONT EXPECT IT TO LAST.

e pany = =) a a 5 fo} O 3 ba = s > oO a ° is ive) oO a oO a i oO Q E oO ted QO, oO 17) EEE ETE IT aE RLS I SP SST SED SMALL TOWN SMALL WORLD eeerintccn India. While the arms were free and even spare parts were furnished without charge, the maintenance of complex weapons in underdeveloped countries is a severe drain on skilled manpower. One of the first consequences of the Pakistan arms buildup was a shock wave of fear throughout India. For the Indians understood, if Dulles did not, that Pakistan's goal was Kashmir with its 77 percent ‘Moslem population. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru had refused to allow a plebiscite in Kashmir and the frustration of the Pakistanis built up along with their army and air force. Nehru's government began shopping for arms from Britain and Russia as Dulles and Vice-President Richard M. Nixon lectured Nehru on the evils of neutralism. Both Britain and Russia sold some advanced weapons including the promise of Soviet MIG jets. This was the situation when Red China launched an attack acrossthe Himalayan border in the fallof 1962. The United States began an immediate military aid effort in small arms and logistic material. But tiis was taken by! Pakistan as treachery, betrayal of an ally in SEATO, in behalf of an enemy bent on war and conquest. In New Delhi last November this reporter learned how the Indian shopping list had grown. The Soviet Union was prepared to furnish not only the MIGs but a plant to build them on long-term credit. There was talk of buying two submarines from the British. And the pressure was growing to make a nuclear device and explode it as proof that India's nuclear capacity was at least as great as China's. At that point the Indian defense budget had climbed to $1.8 billion a year. Put alongside the $50 billion of the American defense budget this seems tiny. But in~a-country-struggling-bydemocratic means to developa modern industrial economy, with food shortage eased only by massive shipments of American grain, it is a fearful drain on urgently needed resources and foreign exchange. Under the negotiations directed by Cuss, American arms are being currently sold on credit to 24 countries in addition to major sales to NATO powers. Of this total 15 are in the underdeveloped category in Latin America, the Middle East and Africa. Included are Chile, Brazil and Argentina, currently struggling to overcome economic crises. Another 56 countries get much smaller amounts, some merely maps or special services. Othernations go direct to arms manufacturers in the United States and pay cash on the barrelhead. The effect @ an arms buildup in one country is almost invariably to stir fear in a next-door neighbor. In this way the arms race--often in obsolescent or second-class weapons--is a contagion that spreads through the underdeveloped world. Officials directly concerned with the future development and the 4 WsED 10 Be A FOLK SINGER -ODD BODKINS .. economic stability of the underdeveloped countries have long been convinced that no real progress is possible so long as the arms race continues. Cuss says that by putting arms on a sales-credit basis, rather than as an aid giveaway, is in itself a restraint, since if a government must raise the money and submit a military budget for approval there may be second thoughts about big arms purchases. Another point the Pentagon makes is that if the United States doesn't sell the arms some other country will. Both Argentina and Brazil bought aircraft carriers from Britain. The French last year sold $400, 000,000

worth of Mirage jet bombers, chiefly to Switzerland and Israel. This points up the competitive nature of the arms race in its worldwide ramifications, (Copyright 1965) ---Marquis Childs REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS ARE . EYING GULF WILDLIFE REFUGE For the past several years, officials and real estate developers in Jackson County, Miss., have had their eye on an island lying just off Pascagoula in the Gulf of Mexico, Claiming that both the city and county bonds to build a seven-mile causeway out to the island. The bonds would be retired by selling some 7,000 lots into which the refuge would be divided. Conservationists are rightfully concemed over these developments. Major efforts and vast amounts of money have been spent in recent years to preserving at least a remnant of this country's coastal areas under naturalconditions, Certainly at a time when a drive is underway to acquire and preserve such areas, existing public lands already dedicated to this objective should not be released and thrown open to exploitation. Aside from the values of maintaining natural conditions and wildlife values on Horn Island, -however, are hard pressed to find residential building sites, particularly for better class homes which would attract young college graduates, real estate developers have tried time and again to take over Horn Island. One hitch has been that 2,318 acres of Hor Island (roughly about 65 per cent of the entire island) is owned by the Federal government and, since 1958, has been administered by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife as the Horn Island National Wildlife Refuge. Itis an integral unit in the Gulf Island National Wildlife Refuges which include a series of barrier islands located off the coast of Mississippi and Louisiana. Horn Island and other islands of this group are of national importance in the protection of migratoty birds and have special value as nesting sites for pelicans, gulls, terns, shore -birds and herons and as a wintering habitat for waterfowl, In addition to its value for migratory bird conservation, Horn Island is also one of the few undeveloped seashore areas remaining along this portion of the Gulf Coast. The other hitch to exploitation of Horn Island for homesites is that it lies some seven miles off-shore In a two-pronged attack on the island, Sen, James O. Eastland (Miss. ) has introduced a bill (S. 1223) in the 89th Congress which, if enacted, would authorize and direct the Secretary of the Interior to sell 2,484 acres of the refuge to the state of Mississippi. Now, to solve the problem of how future residents of the island could get to their homes except by boat, the Mississippi legislature recently set up a Horn Island Causeway Commission and empowered it to issue BUT MY FOLKS Got TIRED OF LISTENING AND A stREeT SINGER.. is the interesting question of whether or not Jackson County and Pascagoula really need additional land for housing developments. Fairly recent studies indicate there is no shortage of residential sites in the city or county. Some local interests also believe that a planned interstate highway, which will run east-west parallel to U. S. Highway 90, will open new county lands to residential development and would give easy accessibility to existing roads. And, even if more land for homes isneeded, why build them on a barrier island which often bears the full brunt of hurricanes for which this stretch of the Gulf Coast is famous? The prospect of 7,000 families trying to pack upa few belongings and crowdtheir cars across a two-lane, seven-mile causeway to reach safety inland is enough to make any prospective Horn [sland homeowner think twice. ---Conservation News LETTER TO THE EDITOR OPENING THE NEVADA CITY MINE To the Editor: Well, it is one of those days in Oakland-cold and foggy so I thought I would tell you of something that happened when I was working in the Champion Mine, The old Nevada City Mine had been shut down for a long time, It was taken over by the Champion owners and a riser was‘put in from the 10 hundred level tothe 8 hundred foot level of the old Nevada City Mine. Well three of us were sent up to work the old mine. Twohundred feet of track and a chute had to be put in between the-champion and the old Nevada City Mine. They senta letterto the school of mines for a couple of men to build the chute and track to send the ore down to the 10 hundred level of the Champion, Well, the men. from the school of mines came, but they did not stay long.They said they did not know how to build a chute but a go devil had to be put in also at the 8 hundred foot level. A go devil is something like a winch where a loaded ore car goes down to the Chute it pulls up the empty car so that way they don't have to put on any power, I had better close now, Jack Bassett Oakland ‘BUT £ DONT EXPECT IT TO LAST.