The Valley Nisenan (20 pages)

282 University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 24° ~ Accent.—Stress falls most frequently on the penult, but may come’ — anywhere from the final syllable to the fourth from the last, at any ~ Final accent is perhaps less common 3 than indicated in the vocabulary: the effort to articulate clearly some~ times induced the informant to stress the last syllable unnaturally. rate in the compound words. Pronominal possessives are proclitic. “Vocabulary. ~ * Forde; + Gayton; A, American river; F, Feather river. Body Parts tol, head ({tcol) teo”ltaktak, crown ono”, hair (foi’; F, kui) siin, forehead wi’skon, eyebrow hi’n, eye siimu’”’, nose si’m, mouth ma’sau, beard (7F; A, sumba) teiki’, tooth (7F, teawai) a‘li”, tongue ya’kb*a’, cheek, face bYo’no’, ear tea’kanwa’, jaw fmutcao, chin soto.”lo, throat. k’ui, k’u’icop, neck da’dat, shoulder tutu’, chest mi’n, breast, milk (7F; F, teut) tei’ tei, rib tata, back bék6"yal, small of back e’la, belly sot, navel pe’l, penis? pa’kpak, testicles wo'loe, scrotum bu’n, pubie hair yim, arm k’i/pis, elbow ma’, hand siikii’kiip, fingers bite-i”’, nails ya’wak, thigh (7A; F, hoi) po’dok, knee wii/mpii, shin 10’k’6e, calf po’mbok, ankle pa’idadat, tpai, foot lo“lot, bone sii/dei, blood pu’, ma’mpu’, skin hiit, fat hon, heart huhu”, lungs kii/l'a, liver ci’, gall tsii'p, tciiiip, stomach po’tom, intestines o’l'i’, brain pa‘kai, sinew mo”, horn, antler buk, tail’ ya’kan, saliva he’lop, sweat wom, tears hun, mucus u’tcu’, urine pi'tciii, faeces yu'bui, shadow ni’ ya’/m(iim), my name min ya’miim, your name Persons nise’na’’n, person, Indian ma/idiik, man kii‘le’, woman ye”’pimne’, old man (thoel) tu’cno’, old woman ma’n’a’, boy ({F; A, yepo’) k‘ona’i‘, girl (jyen; F, kolo) k‘ onobe’i, young woman (cf. new) pa’’ta’, baby to’koi, first menstruation wii” iis, menstruation hu‘k (hu’k’?), chief % pe'dau, chief’s speaker, in dance house taye’, common crier u, secret society crier, on dance house kin, spirit, dancer, initiate pelipit, full initiate, director, ‘dance doctor’? pi wenan (outside-at), non-initiate yo/muse, yo’muse, ‘‘ medicine doc_tor,’? shaman (fF, yom) ho/epe, o’cpe, ‘‘luck doctor,’’ sings to make food abundant ikat, ‘‘weather doctor,’’ rain maker; also creator cu ‘ik, grizzly-bear ‘‘doctor’’ ya't, war leader, brave man nik’o’’, minko”’, my, your friend e’c, widow, widower le’, white man ki/liimiise”, Negro wo’nomiise, ghost *. Ms x Kin nikte”’, my father, and reciprocal for males ikne”’, my mother po’, my daughter ni/mana’i, my son, woman speaking (ef. boy) nik’e/i, (my) older brother tin, niktiin, (my) younger brother oti”, older sister Kaci’, younger sister likpa’, my father’s father nikpa‘’pa, my mother’s father ko/to, nik*o’to, (my) grandmother grandchild j , nik’a’i, (my) great-grandather, and reciprocal a’k, my great-grandmother, and reciprocal nikto’m, my father’s older brother, _ mother’s older sister (?) ik‘iice’, my father’s younger brother, _ stepfather ka/ti, nik’a’ti, my father’s sister, “uncle’s wife, mother’s sister-in-law kaka”, mother’s brother nikde’*, my mother’s younger sister o'm’o’, stepmother; tmother‘s sister Kroeber: The Valley Nisenan — 283 ko’l’e, reciprocal of to'm and de**— ct. son-in-law; (parallel nephewnieces called children) kam, recipral of kaka’? and ka’ti poci’, older cross(?) cousin; parallel cousins apparently called by sibling terms kee, reciprocal; younger cross-cousin nikpe’ti, my mother-in-law, man’s father-in-law nikte’te, my father-in-law, woman speaking (cf. father) ni’ma’‘nai, (‘‘son”), woman’s sonin-law . : ko’le, man’s son-in-law (cf, nephew) niki’kole, woman’s daughter-in-law k’e'de, wife’s brother, and reciproeal, 7 mac, man’s brother’s wife, and reciprocal ’ nik’epe’, my husband’s sister, and reciprocal nik‘a’ne, my wife’s sister wo’kli,-woman’s sister’s husband, reciprocal of last k’o'po, parent of child-in-law, reciprocal 2 r , ni’tu“le, my relatives, kin, generic k’o namesake Mammals—Carnivore ka'pa”, grizzly bear e/mul, black bear e'l’'ak, brown bear hi/li’t, puma to’loma’, wild cat tee’l'i, ‘‘tiger,’’ smaller than puma, kills deer lo’la, wolf ol’e”, coyote hau, fox fsuku, dog packa”te, raccoon b*u’, skunk pim, badger do’kdok, mink ka’ki', otter

282 University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 24° ~ Accent.—Stress falls most frequently on the penult, but may come’ — anywhere from the final syllable to the fourth from the last, at any ~ Final accent is perhaps less common 3 than indicated in the vocabulary: the effort to articulate clearly some~ times induced the informant to stress the last syllable unnaturally. rate in the compound words. Pronominal possessives are proclitic. “Vocabulary. ~ * Forde; + Gayton; A, American river; F, Feather river. Body Parts tol, head ({tcol) teo”ltaktak, crown ono”, hair (foi’; F, kui) siin, forehead wi’skon, eyebrow hi’n, eye siimu’”’, nose si’m, mouth ma’sau, beard (7F; A, sumba) teiki’, tooth (7F, teawai) a‘li”, tongue ya’kb*a’, cheek, face bYo’no’, ear tea’kanwa’, jaw fmutcao, chin soto.”lo, throat. k’ui, k’u’icop, neck da’dat, shoulder tutu’, chest mi’n, breast, milk (7F; F, teut) tei’ tei, rib tata, back bék6"yal, small of back e’la, belly sot, navel pe’l, penis? pa’kpak, testicles wo'loe, scrotum bu’n, pubie hair yim, arm k’i/pis, elbow ma’, hand siikii’kiip, fingers bite-i”’, nails ya’wak, thigh (7A; F, hoi) po’dok, knee wii/mpii, shin 10’k’6e, calf po’mbok, ankle pa’idadat, tpai, foot lo“lot, bone sii/dei, blood pu’, ma’mpu’, skin hiit, fat hon, heart huhu”, lungs kii/l'a, liver ci’, gall tsii'p, tciiiip, stomach po’tom, intestines o’l'i’, brain pa‘kai, sinew mo”, horn, antler buk, tail’ ya’kan, saliva he’lop, sweat wom, tears hun, mucus u’tcu’, urine pi'tciii, faeces yu'bui, shadow ni’ ya’/m(iim), my name min ya’miim, your name Persons nise’na’’n, person, Indian ma/idiik, man kii‘le’, woman ye”’pimne’, old man (thoel) tu’cno’, old woman ma’n’a’, boy ({F; A, yepo’) k‘ona’i‘, girl (jyen; F, kolo) k‘ onobe’i, young woman (cf. new) pa’’ta’, baby to’koi, first menstruation wii” iis, menstruation hu‘k (hu’k’?), chief % pe'dau, chief’s speaker, in dance house

taye’, common crier u, secret society crier, on dance house kin, spirit, dancer, initiate pelipit, full initiate, director, ‘dance doctor’? pi wenan (outside-at), non-initiate yo/muse, yo’muse, ‘‘ medicine doc_tor,’? shaman (fF, yom) ho/epe, o’cpe, ‘‘luck doctor,’’ sings to make food abundant ikat, ‘‘weather doctor,’’ rain maker; also creator cu ‘ik, grizzly-bear ‘‘doctor’’ ya't, war leader, brave man nik’o’’, minko”’, my, your friend e’c, widow, widower le’, white man ki/liimiise”, Negro wo’nomiise, ghost *. Ms x Kin nikte”’, my father, and reciprocal for males ikne”’, my mother po’, my daughter ni/mana’i, my son, woman speaking (ef. boy) nik’e/i, (my) older brother tin, niktiin, (my) younger brother oti”, older sister Kaci’, younger sister likpa’, my father’s father nikpa‘’pa, my mother’s father ko/to, nik*o’to, (my) grandmother grandchild j , nik’a’i, (my) great-grandather, and reciprocal a’k, my great-grandmother, and reciprocal nikto’m, my father’s older brother, _ mother’s older sister (?) ik‘iice’, my father’s younger brother, _ stepfather ka/ti, nik’a’ti, my father’s sister, “uncle’s wife, mother’s sister-in-law kaka”, mother’s brother nikde’*, my mother’s younger sister o'm’o’, stepmother; tmother‘s sister Kroeber: The Valley Nisenan — 283 ko’l’e, reciprocal of to'm and de**— ct. son-in-law; (parallel nephewnieces called children) kam, recipral of kaka’? and ka’ti poci’, older cross(?) cousin; parallel cousins apparently called by sibling terms kee, reciprocal; younger cross-cousin nikpe’ti, my mother-in-law, man’s father-in-law nikte’te, my father-in-law, woman speaking (cf. father) ni’ma’‘nai, (‘‘son”), woman’s sonin-law . : ko’le, man’s son-in-law (cf, nephew) niki’kole, woman’s daughter-in-law k’e'de, wife’s brother, and reciproeal, 7 mac, man’s brother’s wife, and reciprocal ’ nik’epe’, my husband’s sister, and reciprocal nik‘a’ne, my wife’s sister wo’kli,-woman’s sister’s husband, reciprocal of last k’o'po, parent of child-in-law, reciprocal 2 r , ni’tu“le, my relatives, kin, generic k’o namesake Mammals—Carnivore ka'pa”, grizzly bear e/mul, black bear e'l’'ak, brown bear hi/li’t, puma to’loma’, wild cat tee’l'i, ‘‘tiger,’’ smaller than puma, kills deer lo’la, wolf ol’e”, coyote hau, fox fsuku, dog packa”te, raccoon b*u’, skunk pim, badger do’kdok, mink ka’ki', otter